A data transmission system and method for a marine vessel

Abstract

The application provides a kind of data transmission system and method of ship, it is related to ship communication technical field.The system includes data acquisition module, for collecting the navigation data of ship;Data processing module, for the initial data obtained by data acquisition module is washed and is denoised and is segmented, and generates redundant tail packet, to redundant tail packet and data block are multilayer FEC coding, then all data packets are integrated;Data transmission module, for selecting the optimal communication link and carrying out data transmission;Shore end receives and data analysis module, for receiving the new data packet transmitted by data transmission module and carrying out decoding recovery, and recovering the lost data;Feedback processing module: for feedback information, and to data processing module and data transmission module transmission adjustment strategy, by real-time monitoring link state and selecting optimal communication link, combined with dynamic adjustment FEC coding rate and bandwidth management strategy, ensure the stability and efficiency of data transmission.

Description

A data transmission system and method for ships Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship communication technology, and in particular to a ship data transmission system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With social development, the importance attached to the development and utilization of marine resources has gradually increased. Ships are needed in the process of developing marine resources, and ship communication is crucial for navigation safety. Usually, a support center is established on shore to transmit the operating data of working ships through a mobile communication network system. The support center receives the operating data of working ships in real time, and determines the operating status of ships by real-time monitoring and identification of the operating data of working ships. When a ship malfunctions, rescue is carried out.

[0003] Existing ship communication network systems typically use either satellite communication or offshore wireless base stations to transmit data. However, using offshore wireless base stations is susceptible to geographical obstacles that can create communication blind spots, preventing the support center from receiving data in real time and determining the ship's operational status. This poses certain safety risks. Furthermore, in some sea areas with chaotic magnetic fields, data may be lost during transmission, preventing the support center from obtaining complete ship operational data, reducing the accuracy of ship signal transmission, and potentially affecting the support center's judgment of the ship's operational status.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new data transmission system and method for ships to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a data transmission system and method for ships.

[0006] One aspect of the present invention provides a data transmission system for ships, the system comprising:

[0007] The data acquisition module is used to collect the ship's navigation data;

[0008] The data processing module is used to clean and denoise the initial data obtained by the data acquisition module, then divide the preprocessed data into multiple data blocks, perform first-level FEC encoding on the multiple data blocks as a whole, package the encoded data blocks into data packets, identify the tail packets in the data packets and generate redundant tail packets, and perform second-level FEC encoding on the redundant tail packets. The data blocks after first-level FEC encoding and the redundant tail packets after second-level FEC encoding are integrated together to form a new data packet.

[0009] The data transmission module selects the optimal communication link through link evaluation, data demand analysis, dynamic link selection, multi-link redundancy, transmission strategy optimization, and real-time feedback adjustment, and transmits the new data packet through the optimal communication link.

[0010] The shore-side receiving and data analysis module is used to receive new data packets transmitted by the data transmission module, decode the received new data packets according to the corresponding FEC decoding algorithm, and recover lost data.

[0011] Feedback processing module: Used to collect feedback information from the receiving end and transmit information to the data processing module and data transmission module to adjust the strategy.

[0012] Another aspect of the present invention provides a data transmission method for ships, applicable to the aforementioned ship data transmission system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1: Collects the ship's speed, heading, and latitude and longitude data through speed sensors, heading sensors, and a global positioning system deployed on the ship;

[0014] S2: Clean, denoise, and classify the raw data collected in step S1;

[0015] S3: Divide the preprocessed data into multiple fixed-size data blocks, perform first-level FEC encoding on each data block, package the encoded data blocks into a data packet, identify the tail packet in the data packet and generate a redundant tail packet according to the network status, and then perform second-level FEC encoding on the redundant tail packet; integrate the data blocks after first-level FEC encoding and the redundant tail packet after second-level FEC encoding together to form a new data packet for transmission;

[0016] S4: Select the optimal communication link through link evaluation, data demand analysis, dynamic link selection, multi-link redundancy, transmission strategy optimization and real-time feedback adjustment, and send new data packets to the shore base station through the optimal communication link.

[0017] S5: The shore base station receives new data packets, decodes and recovers them, and feeds back the recovered results to the data sending end;

[0018] S6: The ship collects feedback from the shore base station and adjusts the FEC coding rate, redundant tail packet generation strategy, and bandwidth management strategy based on the data feedback from the shore base station.

[0019] Compared with related technologies, the ship data transmission system and method provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0020] 1. This invention ensures efficient and reliable data transmission in complex and ever-changing marine environments through multi-layered data processing and optimization strategies. First, the system employs data cleaning and denoising techniques to effectively reduce noise in the original data and improve data quality. Next, by dividing the preprocessed data into multiple fixed-size data blocks and performing first-layer FEC encoding on these data blocks, the system further enhances the data's anti-interference capability. In addition, the system generates redundant tail packets and performs second-layer FEC encoding on them. This dual protection mechanism significantly improves the success rate of data recovery and ensures data integrity even under poor network conditions. Finally, the system ensures the stability and efficiency of data transmission by monitoring the link status in real time, selecting the optimal communication link, and dynamically adjusting the FEC encoding rate and bandwidth management strategies.

[0021] 2. This system not only improves the reliability of data transmission but also possesses high flexibility and adaptability. By evaluating the actual performance indicators of different links and dynamically adjusting the transmission strategy according to network status and data requirements, the system can intelligently switch between multiple communication links, thereby maximizing the utilization of available resources. In addition, the feedback processing module can collect feedback information from the shore base station and adjust the FEC coding rate, redundant tail packet generation strategy, and bandwidth management strategy accordingly, forming a closed-loop control system that further improves the overall performance of the system. This closed-loop control mechanism enables the system to quickly respond to network changes, optimize transmission effects, and ensure the efficiency and reliability of data transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of the ship data transmission system provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a block diagram of the data processing module of the ship's data transmission system provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a flowchart of the data transmission method for ships provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a data processing flowchart of the ship data transmission method provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 is a flowchart of the optimal link selection method for ship data transmission provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the data transmission method for ships provided by the present invention for decoding new data packets. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Please refer to Figures 1-6, where Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of the ship data transmission system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of the data processing module of the ship data transmission system provided by the present invention; Figure 3 is a flowchart of the ship data transmission method provided by the present invention; Figure 4 is a flowchart of the data processing of the ship data transmission method provided by the present invention; Figure 5 is a flowchart of the ship data transmission method for selecting the optimal link provided by the present invention; and Figure 6 is a flowchart of the ship data transmission method for decoding new data packets provided by the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] In the specific implementation process, referring to Figures 1-2, the data transmission system for ships provided by the present invention includes: a data acquisition module for collecting the ship's navigation data, which includes the ship's speed, heading, and latitude and longitude. The ship's speed, heading, and latitude and longitude are collected by a speed sensor, a heading sensor, and a global positioning system, respectively.

[0032] The data processing module is used to clean and denoise the initial data obtained by the data acquisition module, then divide the preprocessed data into multiple data blocks, perform the first layer of forward error correction (FEC) encoding on the multiple data blocks as a whole, package the encoded data blocks into data packets, identify the tail packets in the data packets and generate a certain number of redundant tail packets, and perform the second layer of FEC encoding on these redundant tail packets. The multiple data blocks after FEC encoding and the tail packets are redundantly packaged into a new data packet.

[0033] In some embodiments, the data processing module includes a data cleaning unit, a data segmentation unit, an FEC encoding unit, a tail packet identification and redundancy generation unit, and a data packaging unit.

[0034] The data cleaning unit is used to clean and remove noise from the initial data obtained by the data acquisition module;

[0035] The data segmentation unit is used to divide the data, which has been preprocessed by the data cleaning unit, into multiple fixed-size data blocks;

[0036] The FEC encoding unit is used to perform first-level FEC encoding on multiple data blocks obtained by the data segmentation unit and second-level FEC encoding on the redundant tail packets generated by the tail packet identification and redundancy generation unit.

[0037] The tail packet identification and redundancy generation unit is used to integrate multiple data blocks into a data packet, identify the tail packet, and generate a certain number of redundant tail packets.

[0038] The data packing unit is used to integrate the data blocks encoded by the first layer FEC and the redundant tail packets encoded by the second layer FEC into a new data packet.

[0039] The data transmission module selects the optimal communication link through link evaluation, data demand analysis, dynamic link selection, multi-link redundancy, transmission strategy optimization, and real-time feedback adjustment, and then transmits new data packets through the optimal communication link.

[0040] The shore-side receiving and data analysis module is used to receive new data packets transmitted by the data transmission module, decode the received new data packets according to the corresponding FEC decoding algorithm, and recover lost data.

[0041] Feedback processing module: Used to collect feedback information from the receiving end and transmit information to the data processing module and data transmission module to adjust the strategy.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] In the specific implementation process, referring to Figures 3-6, the data transmission method of the ship data transmission system based on Embodiment 1 provided in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] S1: The ship's speed, heading, and latitude and longitude are collected through speed sensors, heading sensors, and the Global Positioning System deployed on the ship.

[0045] In this step, various sensors and the Global Positioning System (GPS) installed on the ship will be used to collect the ship's operational data in real time. Speed ​​sensors are used to measure the ship's current speed, heading sensors are used to determine the ship's direction of travel, and GPS is used to obtain the ship's precise geographical location, including longitude and latitude. This data is crucial for the ship's navigation and monitoring, providing basic information for the ship's operation and laying the foundation for subsequent data transmission and processing.

[0046] S2: Preprocess the raw data collected in step S1.

[0047] After collecting the raw data, the next step is to preprocess it. This preprocessing includes cleaning the data to remove any erroneous or incomplete records; filtering and denoising to eliminate interference that may affect data quality and improve data quality; deleting duplicate data to avoid data redundancy; and classifying the data and assigning a unique identifier to each category to facilitate data management and querying. This step ensures the accuracy and usability of the data, providing high-quality input for subsequent data analysis and transmission.

[0048] S3: The preprocessed data is divided into multiple fixed-size data blocks. Each data block undergoes a first-level FEC encoding. These encoded data blocks are then packaged into a data packet. The tail packet within the data packet is identified, and a certain number of redundant tail packets are generated based on network conditions. These redundant tail packets are then subjected to a second-level FEC encoding. The data blocks encoded using the first-level FEC encoding and the redundant tail packets encoded using the second-level FEC encoding are then combined to form a new data packet, ready for transmission.

[0049] For example: Assuming the total size of the preprocessed data is 1000 bytes, the preprocessed data is divided into 5 data blocks, each data block being 223 bytes in size (the last data block is less than 223 bytes). Each data block is then subjected to Reed-Solomon(255, 223) for the first layer of FEC encoding, generating 32 bytes of redundant information. Then, the tail packet of the segmented data packet is identified. Assuming that 3 redundant tail packets can be generated based on the current network status, the 3 redundant tail packets are subjected to Reed-Solomon(128, 100) for the second layer of FEC encoding, generating 28 redundant information respectively. Finally, the data blocks after the first layer of FEC encoding and the redundant tail packets after the second layer of FEC encoding are concatenated into a new data packet.

[0050] The FEC encoding parameters for the first layer of FEC encoding of multiple data blocks are different from those for the second layer of FEC encoding of redundant tail packets.

[0051] It should be noted that the above-mentioned identification of tail packets in data packets and generation of a certain number of redundant tail packets based on network status employs a redundant tail packet generation strategy, which specifically includes: the number of packets to be generated, the timing of generation, and the basis for generation.

[0052] Regarding the number of packets generated: This should be dynamically adjusted based on the current network status, determined by monitoring metrics such as packet loss rate, latency, and available bandwidth. For example, when the packet loss rate is high, increase the number of redundant tail packets to improve the success rate of data recovery; when available bandwidth is low, reduce the number of redundant tail packets to avoid excessive bandwidth consumption.

[0053] Regarding the timing of generation: it is generated before new data packets are packaged. After data preprocessing and segmentation are completed, each data block is first-level FEC encoded, and then the tail packet in the data packet is identified, and an appropriate number of redundant tail packets are generated according to the current network status.

[0054] The data generated is based on real-time data provided by network monitoring tools, including link packet loss rate, latency, and available bandwidth. The system can dynamically calculate the required number of redundant tail packets based on this data to adapt to the ever-changing network environment.

[0055] It should be further explained that the detailed encoding steps in the above FEC encoding algorithm are as follows:

[0056] For the first layer FEC coding: the Reed-Solomon (255, 223) coding algorithm is used as the first layer FEC coding, which can add redundant information to the given data block, so that the lost data block can be recovered by the decoding algorithm at the receiving end. The appropriate coding block size is selected according to the size of the data block after data preprocessing, and the appropriate redundancy ratio is selected according to the network status and expected packet loss rate.

[0057] In this example, each data block is 223 bytes in size, and after encoding, 32 bytes of redundant information are generated, forming a 255-byte encoded block;

[0058] In this example, the redundancy ratio is approximately 14.3%, that is... It can provide sufficient data recovery capabilities in environments with high packet loss rates;

[0059] The first-layer FEC encoding steps are as follows:

[0060] Step 1.1, Data Segmentation: First, the preprocessed data is divided into multiple fixed-size data blocks, each of which is 223 bytes in size;

[0061] Step 1.2, Encoding Preparation: Prepare the parameters required for encoding for each data block, including the encoding block size (255 bytes), the data block size (223 bytes), and the number of redundant bytes (32 bytes).

[0062] Step 1.3, Encoding: Use the Reed-Solomon (255, 223) encoding algorithm to encode each data block, generating an encoded block containing the original data and redundant information;

[0063] Step 1.4: Packaging Data: Pack the encoded data blocks into data packets, ready for the second layer of FEC encoding or direct transmission.

[0064] The generated redundant tail packets are subjected to a second layer of FEC encoding using the Reed-Solomon (128, 100) encoding algorithm, which further enhances the anti-interference capability of the redundant tail packets. Considering that the redundant tail packets are usually small, the second layer of FEC encoding uses the Reed-Solomon (128, 100) encoding algorithm, that is, each encoding block contains 100 bytes of original data and 28 bytes of redundant information, forming a 128-byte encoding block. Based on the importance of the redundant tail packets and the network environment, a higher redundancy ratio is selected, which can ensure that even if some redundant tail packets are lost, the original data can be recovered by the decoding algorithm.

[0065] The second-layer FEC encoding steps are as follows:

[0066] Step 2.1, Tail Packet Identification: After the first layer of FEC encoding is completed, the tail packet in the data packet is identified;

[0067] Step 2.2: Generate redundant tail packet requests: Based on the current network status and expected packet loss rate, the system generates redundant tail packet requests that require additional protection.

[0068] Step 2.3: Prepare the encoded data: Take the identified tail packet data and the additional redundant data generated as needed, and prepare the input data for Reed-Solomon(128, 100) encoding, ensuring that each encoded block contains 100 bytes of valid data;

[0069] Step 2.4: Encode the prepared data using the Reed-Solomon (128, 100) encoding algorithm to generate an encoded block containing the original tail packet data and redundant information.

[0070] Step 2.5: Integrate the data packets: Integrate the redundant tail packets after the second layer of FEC encoding with the data blocks after the first layer of FEC encoding into a new data packet. This new data packet contains all the information of the original data after the two layers of FEC encoding processing and is ready for transmission.

[0071] S4: Selects the optimal communication link through link evaluation, data demand analysis, dynamic link selection, multi-link redundancy, transmission strategy optimization, and real-time feedback adjustment, and sends new data packets to the shore base station through the optimal communication link.

[0072] After the data packets are prepared, the system will perform a series of link evaluations and data requirement analyses to determine the optimal communication link. This includes dynamic link selection, which selects the most suitable link based on the current network conditions and data requirements, as well as multi-link redundancy, which utilizes multiple links to improve the reliability of data transmission. The transmission strategy will be optimized to ensure that the data packets can be sent in the most efficient way. In addition, real-time feedback adjustment will be used to adjust the transmission strategy based on feedback from the shore base station to ensure the efficiency and reliability of data transmission. Finally, the selected optimal communication link will be used to send the new data packets to the shore base station.

[0073] It should be further explained that the method for selecting the optimal communication link in step S4 includes the following steps:

[0074] S401: Filter available communication links in the current geographical location;

[0075] In this step, the system will first identify and filter all available communication links in the current geographic location. This includes the detection of wireless and wired networks to determine which links are active and can be used for data transmission. This process may involve interfaceing with network operators or using built-in network detection tools to identify signal strength, connection quality, and service provider information. The filtered links will serve as the basis for subsequent steps to ensure the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0076] S402: Calculate the actual available bandwidth, latency, and packet loss rate for each communication link, and evaluate the cost of each link;

[0077] Next, the system will conduct a detailed performance evaluation of each selected communication link. The evaluation metrics include measuring the actual available bandwidth of each link to determine the maximum data transmission rate that the link can support under the current conditions; calculating the latency, which is the time required for a data packet to travel from the sender to the receiver; and evaluating the packet loss rate, which is the proportion of data packets lost during transmission out of the total number of transmitted data packets. In addition, the system will also consider the cost factors of each link, including service fees, maintenance costs, and possible additional costs. This data will provide an important reference for subsequent link selection.

[0078] Specifically, for the actual available bandwidth: it is calculated by sending test data packets and measuring their transmission time, using the following formula:

[0079]

[0080] For latency: Record the time difference between sending and receiving data packets, achieved by embedding timestamps in the data packets and calculating the difference at the receiving end. The calculation formula is:

[0081]

[0082] in, The time it takes for the data packet to arrive at the receiving end. This refers to the time it takes for the data packet to be sent at the sending end;

[0083] For packet loss rate: count the number of data packets sent and received within a certain period, calculate the proportion of lost data packets, and the calculation formula is:

[0084]

[0085] Link assessments are conducted periodically to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the assessment results. The assessment cycle is adjusted according to actual needs and the stability of the network environment, for example, once every minute or hour.

[0086] S403: Use network monitoring tools to monitor link status in real time and score each link based on link status and data requirements;

[0087] Based on the link performance evaluation, the system will use network monitoring tools to monitor the status of each link in real time. This includes tracking the link's stability, service quality, and any external factors that may affect data transmission. Based on this real-time data, the system will score each link, with the score based on the link's performance and data transmission requirements.

[0088] Specifically, determine the link performance metrics to be evaluated and their corresponding values. Common metrics include bandwidth, latency, packet loss rate, and cost. Assume there are three links, and their metric values ​​are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1. Metric values ​​for the three links

[0090]

[0091] Since different indicators have different dimensions and ranges, they need to be normalized. For positive indicators such as bandwidth, the larger the better. The following formula is used for normalization:

[0092]

[0093] For inverse metrics such as latency, packet loss rate, and cost, lower is better; therefore, an inverse normalization formula is used.

[0094]

[0095] The index values ​​after normalization and reverse normalization are the scores corresponding to each index.

[0096] The minimum bandwidth is 80Mbps and the maximum is 120Mbps; the maximum latency is 80ms and the minimum is 30ms; the maximum packet loss rate is 2 and the minimum is 0.5; and the maximum cost is 12 and the minimum is 8. The normalized or inverse normalized values ​​for each metric of each link can then be calculated, as shown in Table 2.

[0097] Table 2. Normalized or inversely normalized values ​​of the metrics for the three links.

[0098]

[0099] S404: The link with the highest score is selected as the optimal link using a weighted average method;

[0100] Finally, after all links have been scored, the system will use a weighted average method to select the optimal link. This method will calculate a comprehensive score by taking into account the performance indicators (such as bandwidth, latency, and packet loss rate) and cost factors of each link according to preset weights. The weight allocation will be based on the specific data transmission requirements. For example, if low latency is more critical than high bandwidth, then latency will have a higher weight. Ultimately, the link with the highest score will be selected as the optimal link for data transmission. This method can ensure that the best balance is found among multiple link options, achieving efficient and economical data transmission.

[0101] The weighting method for weighted averages is based on assigning a weight to each indicator according to its importance. For example:

[0102] b1. Bandwidth weight: If the data transmission volume is large, the bandwidth weight should be set higher.

[0103] b2. Delay weight: For applications with high real-time requirements, the delay weight should be set higher;

[0104] b3. Packet loss rate weight: In scenarios with unstable network conditions or high data integrity requirements, the weight of packet loss rate should be set higher.

[0105] b4. Cost weight: This needs to be considered when the budget is limited.

[0106] Assuming bandwidth: 0.4, latency: 0.3, packet loss rate: 0.2, and cost: 0.1, the weighted average of the above indicators is calculated as follows:

[0107] Link A: ;

[0108] Link B: ;

[0109] Link C: ,

[0110] The link with the highest weighted average score is the optimal link, i.e., link B is the optimal link.

[0111] S5: The shore base station receives new data packets, decodes and recovers them, and feeds back the recovered results to the data sending end.

[0112] The shore base station will receive new data packets from the ship and begin decoding and data recovery. This includes using the FEC decoding algorithm to recover any data lost or damaged during transmission. Once the data is successfully recovered, the shore base station will process the recovered data and send the results back to the ship to confirm the reception and integrity of the data.

[0113] In step S5, the shore base station decodes the new data packet, including the following steps:

[0114] S501: The shore base station receives a new data packet;

[0115] S502: Attempt to recover the lost data blocks using the first-layer FEC decoding algorithm;

[0116] S503: If the first-layer FEC decoding algorithm does not fully recover the lost data block, the lost data block is recovered by using redundant tail packets;

[0117] S504: If the redundant tail packet is lost, it is recovered by the second-layer FEC decoding algorithm;

[0118] S505: Feed back the fully recovered data results to the ship.

[0119] It should be further explained that the specific operation steps of the decoding algorithm are as follows:

[0120] After receiving new data packets from the ship, the shore base station uses a hierarchical FEC decoding strategy to recover lost data blocks. This includes using the first-layer FEC decoding algorithm for initial recovery, using redundant tail packets for further recovery if the recovery is incomplete, and finally using the second-layer FEC decoding algorithm as a backup if the redundant tail packets are also lost or insufficient.

[0121] The following are the detailed operating steps:

[0122] For the first layer FEC decoding: the shore base station first uses the first layer FEC decoding algorithm, such as the Reed-Solomon(255, 223) decoding mentioned above, to try to recover the data blocks lost during transmission;

[0123] The specific steps are as follows:

[0124] Step 3.1, Receiving Data Packets: The shore base station receives new data packets containing coded data blocks sent from the ship;

[0125] Step 3.2 Initialize the decoder: Initialize the corresponding decoder according to the first layer FEC encoding algorithm (Reed-Solomon(255, 223)) used by the data packet;

[0126] Step 3.3: Input encoded data: Input the encoded data blocks from the received data packets into the decoder;

[0127] Step 3.4: Perform decoding: Run the decoder to attempt to recover the lost data blocks;

[0128] Step 3.5: Check the recovery results: After decoding is complete, check whether all lost data blocks have been successfully recovered. If so, the decoding process ends and the subsequent data processing flow begins; otherwise, proceed to the redundant tail packet recovery step.

[0129] Redundant tail packet recovery: If the first-layer FEC decoding fails to fully recover all lost data blocks, the shore base station will use pre-generated redundant tail packets transmitted with the data packets for further data recovery;

[0130] The specific steps are as follows:

[0131] Step 4.1: Identify lost data blocks: Based on the results of the first-layer FEC decoding, determine which data blocks are still lost;

[0132] Step 4.2, Locate the redundant tail packet: Based on the location and identifier of the lost data block, find the corresponding redundant tail packet in the received data packet;

[0133] Step 4.3: Extract redundant information: Extract redundant information for recovering lost data blocks from the located redundant tail packets;

[0134] Step 4.4: Applying Redundant Information: Using the extracted redundant information, combined with the known correct data blocks, attempt to recover the lost data blocks;

[0135] Step 4.5: Check the recovery results: After the recovery is complete, check again whether all lost data blocks have been successfully recovered. If so, the decoding process ends; otherwise, proceed to the second-level FEC decoding step.

[0136] Second-layer FEC decoding: If the redundant tail packet is also lost or insufficient to recover all lost data blocks, the shore base station will use a second-layer FEC decoding algorithm, such as Reed-Solomon(128,100), to further decode and recover the redundant tail packet or the remaining undecoded redundant information.

[0137] The specific steps are as follows:

[0138] Step 5.1: Confirm the status of the redundant tail packet: Check whether the redundant tail packet is complete and whether it contains redundant information that can be used to further recover the lost data blocks;

[0139] Step 5.2 Initialize the second-layer decoder: Initialize the corresponding decoder according to the second-layer FEC encoding algorithm Reed-Solomon(128,100) used by the redundant tail packet;

[0140] Step 5.3: Prepare the decoding input: Use the remaining redundant tail packets or the extracted undecoded redundant information and the known data blocks as the input to the decoder;

[0141] Step 5.4: Perform the second layer decoding: Run the second layer decoder to attempt to recover the lost data blocks using the remaining redundant information;

[0142] Step 5.5: Combine the results of the first and second layer FEC decoding to determine the final recovered data block status;

[0143] Step 5.6 Feedback and Adjustment: Based on the final recovery results, send feedback information to the ship, including successfully recovered data blocks and still lost data blocks. At the same time, adjust parameters such as FEC coding rate and redundant tail packet generation strategy according to network status and recovery effect to optimize future data transmission processes.

[0144] Therefore, through a hierarchical FEC decoding strategy, the shore base station can recover lost data blocks to the greatest extent possible in a complex and ever-changing network environment, thus ensuring data integrity and reliability to a certain extent.

[0145] S6: The ship collects feedback from the shore base station and adjusts the FEC coding rate, redundant tail packet generation strategy, and bandwidth management strategy based on the data feedback from the shore base station.

[0146] The ship will collect feedback information from shore base stations and adjust the FEC coding rate, redundant tail packet generation strategy, and bandwidth management strategy accordingly. These adjustments aim to optimize the data transmission process and improve data recovery rate and transmission efficiency. For example, if the feedback indicates a high data loss rate, the ship may increase the redundancy of FEC coding or adjust the redundant tail packet generation strategy to reduce the risk of data loss. Similarly, if the feedback indicates that the current bandwidth utilization is inefficient, the ship may adjust the bandwidth management strategy to better utilize available bandwidth resources. Through this dynamic adjustment, the ship can adapt to constantly changing network conditions and ensure the stability and efficiency of data transmission. That is, if the packet loss rate is high, it may be necessary to increase the number of redundant tail packets or increase the FEC coding rate; if the latency is high, it may be necessary to optimize the bandwidth management strategy, reduce the data transmission volume, or select a more stable link; if the bandwidth utilization is low, it may be necessary to increase the data transmission volume; if the bandwidth utilization is high, it may be necessary to reduce the data transmission volume or optimize the data compression strategy.

[0147] It should be noted that the original data packets do not need to be transmitted separately to the shore base station for the following reasons:

[0148] First, the purpose of two-layer FEC encoding is to provide error correction capability during data transmission. The new data packet formed by integrating the data block after the first layer FEC encoding and the redundant tail packet after the second layer FEC encoding already contains enough information for the receiving end, i.e., the shore base station, to recover the original data. When the data is corrupted or lost during transmission, the shore base station can use the FEC decoding algorithm, combined with the information in the new data packet, to try to recover the correct data without relying on the original data packet.

[0149] Secondly, transmitting the original data packets to the shore base station would increase the total amount of data transmission and consume more bandwidth resources. However, by transmitting only the new data packets after FEC encoding, the efficiency of data transmission can be improved and unnecessary transmission overhead can be reduced while ensuring data reliability.

[0150] The circuits and controls involved in this invention are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0151] The implementation process of the ship data transmission system and method proposed in this invention includes: collecting ship navigation data through sensors; performing data cleaning, denoising, and classification preprocessing; segmenting the data and performing two-layer FEC coding to generate data packets containing redundant tail packets; selecting the optimal communication link for data transmission through dynamic link evaluation; receiving and decoding data packets at the shore end to recover lost data; and finally adjusting the FEC coding rate, redundant tail packet generation strategy, and bandwidth management based on feedback to ensure the stability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0152] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A data transmission system for a ship, characterized in that, The system includes: a data acquisition module for collecting ship navigation data; a data processing module for cleaning and denoising the initial data obtained by the data acquisition module, then dividing the preprocessed data into multiple data blocks, performing first-layer FEC encoding on the multiple data blocks as a whole, packaging the encoded data blocks into data packets, identifying tail packets in the data packets and generating redundant tail packets, performing second-layer FEC encoding on the redundant tail packets, and integrating the first-layer FEC encoded data blocks and the second-layer FEC encoded redundant tail packets together to form a new data packet; and a data transmission module for selecting the optimal communication link through link evaluation, data demand analysis, dynamic link selection, multi-link redundancy, transmission strategy optimization, and real-time feedback adjustment. The new data packets are transmitted through the optimal communication link; the shore-end receiving and data analysis module receives the new data packets transmitted by the data transmission module, decodes the received new data packets according to the corresponding FEC decoding algorithm, and recovers lost data; the feedback processing module collects feedback information from the receiving end and transmits information to the data processing module and the data transmission module to adjust the strategy; wherein, the FEC encoding specifically includes: for the first layer FEC encoding: the Reed-Solomon encoding algorithm is used as the first layer FEC encoding. This encoding algorithm matches the two parameters of the first coding block size and the first data block size, and can add redundant information to a given data block, so that the receiving end can decode the data through the decoding algorithm. The method recovers lost data blocks and selects an appropriate encoding block size based on the size of the preprocessed data blocks, as well as an appropriate redundancy ratio based on network conditions and expected packet loss rate. The first-layer FEC encoding steps are as follows: Data segmentation: First, the preprocessed data is segmented into multiple fixed-size data blocks; Encoding preparation: Prepare the parameters required for encoding for each data block, including the encoding block size, data block size, and the number of redundant bytes, where the number of redundant bytes is the encoding block size minus the data block size; Encoding execution: Encode each data block using the Reed-Solomon encoding algorithm to generate an encoding block containing the original data and redundant information; Packaging data: Pack the encoded data blocks into data packets, ready for the second-layer FEC encoding or direct transmission. The system performs a second layer of FEC encoding on the generated redundant tail packets, using the Reed-Solomon encoding algorithm with parameters set to the second encoding block size and the second data block size. This further enhances the anti-interference capability of the redundant tail packets. Considering the small size of the redundant tail packets, the second layer of FEC encoding selects the Reed-Solomon encoding algorithm. Based on the importance of the redundant tail packets and the network environment, a high redundancy ratio is chosen to ensure that even if some redundant tail packets are lost, the original data can be recovered through the decoding algorithm. The steps of the second layer of FEC encoding are as follows: Tail packet identification: After the first layer of FEC encoding is completed, the tail packets in the data packet are identified; Redundant tail packet request generation: Based on the current network status and the expected packet loss rate, the system generates redundant tail packet requests that require additional protection.Prepare encoded data: Prepare the identified tail packet data and any additional redundant data generated as needed as input data for the Reed-Solomon encoding algorithm with parameters set to the second encoding block size and the second data block size; Perform encoding: Encode the prepared data using the Reed-Solomon encoding algorithm to generate an encoded block containing the original tail packet data and redundant information; Integrate data packets: Integrate the redundant tail packet encoded by the second layer of FEC with the data block encoded by the first layer of FEC into a new data packet. This new data packet contains all the information from the original data after two layers of FEC encoding and is ready for transmission; wherein, the second encoding block size < the first encoding block size, and the second data block size < the first data block size.

2. The ship's data transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module includes a data cleaning unit, a data segmentation unit, an FEC encoding unit, a tail packet identification and redundancy generation unit, and a data packaging unit. The data cleaning unit is used to clean and denoise the initial data obtained by the data acquisition module. The data segmentation unit is used to segment the data after preprocessing by the data cleaning unit into multiple data blocks of fixed size. The FEC encoding unit is used to perform first-layer FEC encoding on the multiple data blocks obtained by the data segmentation unit and to perform second-layer FEC encoding on the redundant tail packets generated by the tail packet identification and redundancy generation unit. The tail packet identification and redundancy generation unit is used to integrate multiple data blocks into a data packet, identify the tail packet and generate a redundant tail packet; the data packaging unit is used to integrate the data blocks encoded by the first layer FEC and the redundant tail packets encoded by the second layer FEC into a new data packet.

3. A data transmission method for a ship, applicable to the data transmission system of the ship as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: Collecting the ship's speed, heading, and latitude and longitude using speed sensors, heading sensors, and a global positioning system deployed on the ship; S2: Cleaning, denoising, and classifying the raw data collected in step S1; S3: Dividing the preprocessed data into multiple fixed-size data blocks, performing first-layer FEC encoding on each data block, packaging the encoded data blocks into a data packet, identifying the tail packet in the data packet and generating redundant tail packets according to the network status, and then performing second-layer FEC encoding on the redundant tail packets; The data blocks encoded by the first layer FEC and the redundant tail packets encoded by the second layer FEC are combined to form a new data packet for transmission; S4: The optimal communication link is selected through link evaluation, data demand analysis, dynamic link selection, multi-link redundancy, transmission strategy optimization and real-time feedback adjustment, and the new data packet is sent to the shore base station through the optimal communication link; S5: The shore base station receives the new data packet, decodes and recovers the new data packet, and feeds back the recovered result to the data sending end; S6: The ship collects feedback from the shore base station and adjusts the FEC coding rate, redundant tail packet generation strategy, and bandwidth management strategy based on the data feedback from the shore base station.

4. The data transmission method for ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, when processing the collected raw data, firstly, filtering and noise reduction technology is used to reduce noise in the data; duplicate data is deleted to avoid data redundancy; then, the ship navigation data is classified according to the importance of the data, and a unique identifier is assigned to each type of data.

5. The data transmission method for ships according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the identification of tail packets in data packets and the generation of redundant tail packets based on network conditions employ a redundant tail packet generation mechanism, specifically including: the number of generated tail packets, the timing of generation, and the basis for generation. Regarding the number of generated tail packets: this should be dynamically adjusted based on the current network conditions, determined by monitoring the packet loss rate, latency, and available bandwidth of the link. When the packet loss rate is high, the number of redundant tail packets is increased to improve the success rate of data recovery; when the available bandwidth is low, the number of redundant tail packets is reduced to avoid excessive bandwidth consumption. Regarding the timing of generation: it is generated before new data packets are packaged. After data preprocessing and segmentation, each data block undergoes first-layer FEC encoding, followed by the identification of tail packets in the data packets, and the generation of a corresponding number of redundant tail packets based on the current network conditions. Regarding the basis for generation: it originates from real-time data provided by network monitoring tools, including the packet loss rate, latency, and available bandwidth of the link. The system dynamically calculates the required number of redundant tail packets based on this data.

6. The data transmission method for ships according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for selecting the optimal communication link in step S4 includes the following steps: S401: Filter the communication links available in the current geographical location; S402: Calculate the actual available bandwidth, latency and packet loss rate of each communication link, and evaluate the cost of each link; S403: Use network monitoring tools to monitor link status in real time and score each link based on link status and data requirements; Based on link performance evaluation, the system will use network monitoring tools to monitor the status of each link in real time. Based on this real-time data, the system will score each link for four indicators: bandwidth, latency, packet loss rate, and cost; Since the units and ranges of different indicators are different, normalization processing is required. For the positive indicator bandwidth, the higher the better, and the following formula is used for normalization: For inverse metrics such as latency, packet loss rate, and cost, lower values ​​are better; therefore, inverse normalization formulas are used. The index values ​​after normalization and reverse normalization are the scores corresponding to each index; S404: The link with the highest score is selected as the optimal link using a weighted average method; After all links have been scored, the system will use a weighted average method to select the optimal link. This weighted average method, based on preset weights, comprehensively considers the performance indicators and cost factors of each link to calculate a comprehensive score. The weight allocation will be based on the specific data transmission requirements; Finally, the link with the highest weighted average score will be selected as the optimal link for data transmission; The weight allocation for the weighted average method is based on the importance of each index: b1, bandwidth weight: The bandwidth weight is set according to the data transmission volume; b2, latency weight: The latency weight is set according to the real-time requirements of the application. b3. Packet loss rate weight: The weight of packet loss rate is set according to the network stability or data integrity requirements of the scenario; b4. Cost weight: This needs to be considered when the budget is limited.

7. The data transmission method for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The decoding of the new data packet by the shore base station in step S5 includes the following steps: S501: The shore base station receives the new data packet; S502: The first-layer FEC decoding algorithm is used to attempt to recover the lost data block; S503: If the first-layer FEC decoding algorithm fails to fully recover the lost data block, the lost data block is recovered using redundant tail packets; S504: If the redundant tail packets are lost, the redundant tail packets are recovered using the second-layer FEC decoding algorithm; S505: The fully recovered data result is fed back to the ship.

8. The data transmission method for ships according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps of the FEC decoding algorithm are as follows: After receiving a new data packet transmitted from the ship, the shore base station adopts a hierarchical FEC decoding strategy to recover lost data blocks. This includes using the first-layer FEC decoding algorithm for initial recovery; if recovery is incomplete, redundant tail packets are used for further recovery; and finally, if the redundant tail packets are also lost or insufficient, the second-layer FEC decoding algorithm is used as a backup. Specifically, for the first-layer FEC decoding: the shore base station first uses the first-layer FEC decoding algorithm, employing the Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm with parameters of the first decoding block size and the first data block size, to attempt to recover data blocks lost during transmission. The specific operation steps are as follows: Step 3.1, Receive Data Packet: The shore base station receives a new data packet containing encoded data blocks sent from the ship; Step 3.2, Initialize Decoder: Initialize the corresponding decoder according to the first-layer FEC encoding algorithm Reed-Solomon used in the new data packet; Step 3.3, Input Encoded Data: Input the encoded data blocks from the received new data packet into the decoder; Step 3.4, Execute Decoding: Run the decoder to attempt to recover lost data blocks; Step 3.5, Check... Check Recovery Result: After decoding, check if all lost data blocks have been successfully recovered. If so, the decoding process ends and the subsequent data processing flow begins; otherwise, proceed to the redundant tail packet recovery step. Redundant Tail Packet Recovery: If the first-layer FEC decoding fails to fully recover all lost data blocks, the shore base station will use pre-generated redundant tail packets transmitted with new data packets for further data recovery. The specific operation steps are as follows: Step 4.1: Identify Lost Data Blocks: Based on the results of the first-layer FEC decoding, determine which data blocks are still lost; Step 4.2: Locate Redundant Tail Packets: Based on the location and identifier of the lost data blocks, find the corresponding redundant tail packets in the received data packets; Step 4.3: Extract Redundant Information: Extract redundant information for recovering lost data blocks from the located redundant tail packets; Step 4.4: Apply Redundant Information: Using the extracted redundant information, combined with known correct data blocks, attempt to recover the lost data blocks; Step 4.5: Check Recovery Result: After recovery, check again if all lost data blocks have been successfully recovered. If so, the decoding process ends; otherwise, proceed to the second-layer FEC decoding step.

9. The data transmission method for ships according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second-layer FEC decoding: If the redundant tail packet is also lost or insufficient to recover all lost data blocks, the shore base station will use the second-layer FEC decoding algorithm, employing the Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm with parameters set to the second decoding block size and the second data block size, to further decode and recover the redundant tail packet or the remaining undecoded redundant information. The specific operation steps are as follows: Step 5.1: Confirm the status of the redundant tail packet: Check whether the redundant tail packet is complete and whether it contains redundant information for further recovery of lost data blocks; Step 5.2: Initialize the second-layer decoder: Initialize the corresponding decoder using the second-layer FEC encoding algorithm Reed-Solomon based on the redundant tail packet; Step 5.3: Prepare the decoding input: Use the remaining redundant tail packet or the extracted undecoded redundant information and the known data blocks as the input to the decoder; Step 5.4: Perform the second layer decoding: Run the second layer decoder to attempt to recover the lost data blocks using the remaining redundant information; Step 5.5, Synthesize Recovery Results: Synthesize the results of the first and second layer FEC decoding to determine the final recovered data block status; Step 5.6, Data Feedback: Based on the final recovery results, send feedback information to the ship, including successfully recovered data blocks and still lost data blocks; wherein, the size of the second decoded block is less than the size of the first decoded block, and the size of the second data block is less than the size of the first data block.

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