Ultrafine liquid drop wet desulphurization device with dynamic refraction grating and atomization control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultrafine liquid drop wet desulphurization device and method with a dynamic refraction grating and an atomization control system, the device comprises a desulphurization tower (1), a spray layer (2) in the tower, the dynamic refraction grating (3), an intelligent atomization control system (4), a pressure-resistant composite anticorrosion tower body (23), a waste heat recovery system (24) and the like, a dynamic refraction grating (3) is divided into a diffusion layer (6) and a main atomization layer (12), and the break angle of the dynamic refraction grating (3) and the internal pressure of a pre-crushing area (8) and a main atomization area (12) are effectively controlled through an intelligent atomization control system (4), so that the particle size of atomized desulfurization slurry liquid drops is 50-150 microns, the spatial density variance of the liquid drops is smaller than or equal to 10%, the SO2 removal rate is larger than or equal to 98%, the distribution dispersion (D90 / D10) of the particle size of the liquid drops is smaller than or equal to 2.0, and the atomization coverage rate is larger than or equal to 95%; the device can be used for flue gas desulfurization to achieve an ideal effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of industrial flue gas desulfurization, and particularly relates to a superfine liquid droplet wet desulfurization device and method based on a dynamic refractive grid and an atomization control system, which is suitable for ultra-low sulfur emission equipment construction and reconstruction in high-sulfur flue gas emission industries such as power, metallurgy, and chemical industry. BACKGROUND

[0002] With increasing attention to air environmental governance, industrial flue gas desulfurization technology has become an important application technology for realizing green production in high-pollution industries such as power, metallurgy, and chemical industry. The currently widely used traditional limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization technology (WFGD) originated in the 1970s, although it has certain advantages in desulfurization efficiency (usually 90%-95%) and by-product utilization (gypsum production), its inherent defects have made it difficult to meet the current ultra-low emission requirements of SO2≤35mg / Nm 3 《Thermal Power Plant Air Pollutant Emission Standard》(GB13223-2023). For example, although the spray tower design with multiple spray layers can improve the desulfurization efficiency, the liquid-gas ratio is as high as 15-20L / Nm 3 , resulting in a power consumption of 1.5%-2% of the total power consumption of the power plant, and the operation cost is high.

[0003] In recent years, superfine liquid droplet desulfurization technology has become a research hotspot by reducing the atomization particle size to significantly improve the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. For this reason, a technical solution of ultrasonic atomizer combined with static refractive grid has emerged, which has improved the desulfurization efficiency to 96%-97%. However, one of the problems exposed in the actual application of this technology is the lack of dynamic adjustment capability, mainly manifested in that the fixed inclination angle of the static refractive grid cannot respond to the continuous changes of the desulfurization load such as sudden changes of SO2 concentration and flow rate reduction of the flue gas. For example, during the start-stop stage of the coal-fired power plant, the flue gas flow fluctuation can reach ±30%, and the static grid leads to uneven distribution of liquid droplets, too high local liquid-gas ratio, waste of absorbent, and too low desulfurization effect, and the actual operation of SO2 concentration fluctuation range is ±15mg / Nm 3 , which is difficult to stabilize and meet the standard.

[0004] In addition, the current desulfurization equipment has a low level of intelligence, and usually relies on manual experience to adjust the spray intensity or the frequency of the circulating water supply device, with serious response lag, because the water supply and spray control model used is only based on linear working condition design, and cannot respond to the nonlinear changes of SO2 content, composition, and humidity of the flue gas caused by working condition, coal quality, or weather changes, and the desulfurization efficiency fluctuation range is more than ±5%.

[0005] There are also challenges to the durability of desulfurization tower materials, the strong corrosion of desulfurization slurry (pH = 1-3) and the dust abrasion effect of ≥50mg / Nm 3 of flue gas, which greatly shortens the service life of equipment such as desulfurization tower. For example, 316L stainless steel is used as a corrosion-resistant material, but in a high-Cl - environment in coastal power plants, there is still a risk of pitting corrosion, with an average maintenance cycle of only 6-12 months, and annual maintenance costs accounting for 10%-15% of total investment costs.

[0006] Energy and resource waste is also one of the problems of current desulfurization equipment and process. The recovery rate of traditional technology for flue gas 120-150℃ waste heat is less than 30%, and a large amount of heat energy is directly discharged; at the same time, the desulfurization by-product gypsum CaSO4·2H2O content ≤90%, due to its low purity, the resource utilization rate is less than 60%, which brings the risk of secondary pollution.

[0007] Under this background, the present application innovatively proposes a kind of dynamic refraction grid and intelligent control fusion's ultrafine liquid drop desulfurization device, by dynamic atomization, AI prediction, material self-repair, waste heat gradient utilization and so on Multi-dimensional technology mutual coordination, to break through the bottleneck problems such as desulfurization efficiency, energy consumption and material durability of prior art. Provide a new technical mode for the industry, which can be widely promoted and obtain economic and social benefits. SUMMARY

[0008] OBJECTIVE The present application aims to provide an ultrafine liquid drop wet desulfurization device and method with high desulfurization efficiency, low energy consumption, strong adaptability and low operation and maintenance cost, which realizes flue gas ultra-low emission, energy cascade utilization and whole life cycle cost optimization through dynamic refraction grid, intelligent atomization control system, composite corrosion-resistant material and waste heat recovery system, and solves the key problems of traditional technology such as dynamic adjustment lag, low intelligentization degree, energy and resource waste.

[0009] TECHNICAL SCHEME The present application discloses an ultrafine liquid drop wet desulfurization device with dynamic refraction grid and atomization control system, which comprises a desulfurization tower (1), a spray layer (2) in the tower, a dynamic refraction grid (3), an intelligent atomization control system (4), a pressure-resistant composite corrosion-resistant tower body (23), a waste heat recovery system (24), a desulfurization waste liquid comprehensive utilization equipment (25) and other units or devices, and the specific content is as follows: 1. A spray layer (2) is installed at the top of the desulfurization tower (1). A honeycomb microporous structure plate (18) is installed below the spray layer (2). The micropore diameter on the microporous structure plate (18) is 0.5-1mm, and the porosity is 70-80%. A dynamic refractive grid (3) is installed at the bottom of the microporous structure plate (18). According to the SO2 concentration gradient of the flue gas, the dynamic refractive grid (3) is divided into upper and lower layers. Each layer of dynamic refractive grid (3) is connected by a transmission device from 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # The grid servo motor (16) is connected to it, in 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # Driven by the grid servo motor (16), each dynamic refractive grid (3) can rotate around its axis, and the tilt angle adjustment range of each dynamic refractive grid (3) is ±30°; the upper layer is the diffusion layer (6) of the desulfurization slurry, which is responsible for pre-crushing the sprayed desulfurization slurry, and the lower layer is the main atomization layer (7) of the desulfurization slurry. The area between the diffusion layer (6) and the main atomization layer (7) is the pre-crushing zone (8). The desulfurization tower wall and interior corresponding to the pre-crushing zone (8) are equipped with 1 # Laser particle size analyzer (9), 1 # High-speed camera (10), 1 # A piezoelectric stress sensor (11) is used, and a hole is opened on the wall of the desulfurization tower. # The air inlet of the gas compressor (19); the area below the main atomizing layer (7) is the main atomizing zone (12), and the desulfurization tower wall and interior corresponding to the main atomizing zone (12) are equipped with 2 # Laser particle size analyzer (13), 2 # High-speed camera (14) and 2 # A piezoelectric stress sensor (15) is used, and two openings are made on the corresponding desulfurization tower wall. # The gas compressor (20) inlet, and the above instruments are connected to the intelligent atomization control system (4). A fixed swirling guide plate (17) is provided below the dynamic refractive grid (3) of the main atomization layer (7). The tilt angle of the swirling guide plate (17) is 45°-60°. The swirling guide plate (17) can make the flue gas and liquid droplets form a spiral motion. Its swirling intensity is ≥0.8, which makes the gas-liquid contact time extend to 3-5 seconds and the mass transfer efficiency increase by 50%. The structure of the desulfurization tower (1) is detailed in the appendix. Figure 1 .

[0010] The aforementioned dynamic refraction grid (3) has grid shafts (26) and grid gears (27) connected to the grid shafts (26) at both ends; connected to the dynamic refraction grid (3) and 1 # Grille servo motor (5) or 2 #The transmission device of the grid servo motor (16) mainly consists of a motor shaft gear (28), a drive rack (29), and a parallel rack (30). The drive rack (29) has double-sided teeth, with the upper teeth meshing with the grid gear (27) and the lower teeth meshing with the motor shaft gear (28). The upper teeth of the parallel rack (30) mesh with the grid gear (27). The grid gears (27) at both ends of the dynamic refraction grid (3) are placed on the parallel drive rack (29) and parallel rack (30). The grid servo motor (5) drives the drive rack (29) to move parallel within its defined rack guide groove (31) through the motor shaft gear (28), which in turn drives the grid gear (27) to rotate together with the dynamic refraction grid (3), thereby achieving the adjustment of the grid tilt angle by ±30°. See Appendix for details. Figure 2 .

[0011] 2. The intelligent atomization control system (4) is mainly responsible for adjusting the pressure of the pre-crushing zone (8) and the main atomization zone (12), that is: through 1 # Laser particle size analyzer (9), 1 # High-speed camera (10) and 1 # The piezoelectric stress sensor (11) collects real-time data on pressure, droplet size, and distribution in the pre-fragmentation zone (8) and feeds it back to the intelligent atomization control system (4). Based on this, and according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning within the intelligent atomization control system (4), the intelligent atomization control system (4) issues instructions to 1 # The gas compressor (19) dynamically controls the spatial pressure of the pre-crushing zone (8), typically 0.10-0.20 MPa; similarly, through 2 # Laser particle size analyzer (13), 2 # High-speed camera (14) and 2 # The piezoelectric stress sensor (15) collects real-time data on pressure, droplet size, and distribution in the main atomization zone (12) and feeds it back to the intelligent atomization control system (4). Based on this, and according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning within the intelligent atomization control system (4), the intelligent atomization control system (4) issues instructions to 2 # A gas compressor (20) controls the spatial pressure of the main atomizing zone (12), typically 0.20-0.40 MPa; simultaneously, it connects to the dynamic refractive grid (3) via a 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # The grid servo motor (16) continuously adjusts the tilt angle of the dynamic refractive grid (3) to ensure that after pre-crushing and main atomization, the desulfurization slurry forms droplets with a particle size of 50-150μm, which are then passed through 1 # High-speed camera (10) and 2 #The image data collected by the high-speed camera (14) is analyzed by Matlab software to calculate the droplet spatial density variance. The droplet spatial density variance is ≤10%, which further enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the desulfurization process, ensuring SO2 removal rate ≥98%, droplet particle size distribution dispersion (D90 / D10) ≤2.0, and atomization coverage ≥95%. The water supply servo motor (21) is also connected to the intelligent atomization control system (4). The water supply servo motor (21) is connected to the circulating water supply device (22). The integrated AI algorithm in the intelligent atomization control system (4) controls the water supply servo motor (21) to drive the circulating water supply device (22). According to the input working condition parameters, the output command is given to the water supply servo motor (21) to control the start-stop interval and frequency of the spray layer (2), thereby controlling the output water volume of the desulfurization slurry of the spray layer (2) and stabilizing the liquid-gas ratio at 20-30L / Nm. 3 Although the liquid-to-gas ratio of this invention is higher than that of traditional technologies, the actual absorbent utilization rate is improved due to the increased droplet atomization efficiency (particle size 50-150μm), resulting in a 30% reduction in overall energy consumption. Furthermore, the outlet SO2 fluctuation is ≤±2mg / Nm³. 3 ; The LSTM neural network of the AI ​​model described here contains 3 hidden layers, each with 64 neurons, and 1 fully connected output layer. The reward function for reinforcement learning is based on "droplet size dispersion ≤ 2.0" and "outlet SO2 fluctuation ≤ ±2mg / Nm". 3 The target parameter is defined as "(1 - droplet size dispersion / 2.0) × 0.6 + (1 - outlet SO2 fluctuation / 2mg / Nm³". 3 The training data for the LSTM neural network, expressed as 0.4, includes 5,000 sets of operating condition data with SO2 concentrations ranging from 5,000 to 30,000 mg / Nm³ and flue gas velocities ranging from 5 to 20 m / s.

[0012] 3. Pressure-resistant composite anti-corrosion tower body (23) 2205 duplex stainless steel is selected as the main body material (32) of the desulfurization tower (1). The tower body design pressure P≥0.8Mpa. On the inner wall of the main body material (32), a gradient coating of silicon carbide (33) and ceramic (34) is sprayed (see Appendix). Figure 4 The total thickness is 0.5-1.0 mm, of which the inner silicon carbide layer is 0.15-0.4 mm thick and the outer ceramic layer is 0.35-0.6 mm thick. The coating has both corrosion resistance and wear resistance, enabling the equipment to operate continuously for a long time in highly corrosive slurries with pH=0.5-3.0. 4. Waste heat recovery system (24) adopts the mature technology of cascade waste heat recovery, which combines a series high-temperature heat exchanger (180℃→100℃) and a medium-temperature heat pump (100℃→60℃) in the flue. The cascade waste heat recovery system is constructed, and the comprehensive thermal efficiency is increased to 85%. The recovered heat is used for slurry preheating, plant heating and condensate recovery.

[0013] 5. Using the widely used desulfurization waste liquid comprehensive utilization equipment (25), the desulfurization waste liquid that has completed the desulfurization process and flows out of the desulfurization tower (1) is comprehensively treated, so that the calcium sulfate in it is converted into high-purity gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O content ≥95%), realizing the resource utilization of desulfurization by-products; This project also invented an operation method for flue gas desulfurization using the ultrafine droplet wet desulfurization device with dynamic refractive grid and atomization control system as described above. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Relying on the LSTM neural network prediction model in the intelligent atomization control system (4), trigger 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # The grid servo motor (16) adjusts the tilt angle of the dynamic refraction grid (3) accordingly, ensuring that the tilt angle adjustment of the dynamic refraction grid (3) is negatively correlated with the flue gas velocity. In the experiment, four working conditions with flue gas velocities of 5m / s, 10m / s, 15m / s, and 20m / s were selected, and the desulfurization efficiency at tilt angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° was tested respectively. The results showed that the desulfurization efficiency was the highest (≥98%) when the tilt angle decreased by 3° for every 5m / s increase in flow velocity. Therefore, the tilt angle adjustment range was determined to be 2°-5° for every 5m / s increase in flow velocity. The intelligent atomization control system (4) accurately controls the droplet atomization process, ensuring that the space pressure in the pre-crushing zone (8) is 0.10-0.20MPa and the space pressure in the main atomization zone (12) is 0.20-0.40MPa, so that the droplet atomization particle size of the desulfurization solution is 50-150μm and the droplet space density variance is ≤10%. (2) Relying on the LSTM neural network prediction model in the intelligent atomization control system (4), trigger 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 #The grid servo motor (16) adjusts the tilt angle of the dynamic refraction grid (3) accordingly, ensuring that the tilt angle adjustment of the dynamic refraction grid (3) is negatively correlated with the flue gas velocity. In the experiment, four working conditions with flue gas velocities of 5m / s, 10m / s, 15m / s, and 20m / s were selected, and the desulfurization efficiency at tilt angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° was tested respectively. The results showed that the desulfurization efficiency was the highest (≥98%) when the tilt angle decreased by 3° for every 5m / s increase in flow velocity. Therefore, the tilt angle adjustment range was determined to be 2°-5° for every 5m / s increase in flow velocity. The intelligent atomization control system (4) accurately controls the droplet atomization process, ensuring that the space pressure in the pre-crushing zone (8) is 0.10-0.20MPa and the space pressure in the main atomization zone (12) is 0.20-0.40MPa, so that the droplet atomization particle size of the desulfurization solution is 50-150μm and the droplet space density variance is ≤10%. (2) Start the waste heat recovery system (24), and use the high temperature heat exchanger (150℃→100℃) and medium temperature heat pump (100℃→60℃) connected in series in the flue to increase the overall thermal efficiency to 85% and recover heat for slurry preheating, plant heating and condensate. (3) Using the integrated AI algorithm in the intelligent atomization control system (4), based on the input working condition parameters, output instructions to the water supply servo motor (21) to drive the circulating water supply device (22) connected to it, thereby controlling the start-stop interval and frequency of the spray layer (2), and then controlling the desulfurization slurry output of the spray layer (2) so that the liquid-gas ratio is stabilized at 20-30L / Nm³. (4) Simultaneously start the comprehensive utilization equipment for desulfurization waste liquid (25) to convert calcium sulfate in desulfurization waste liquid into high-purity gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O content ≥95%), realize the resource utilization of desulfurization by-products, and recover the desulfurization by-product gypsum for use as industrial raw materials.

[0014] (5) By adjusting the AI ​​model and grid structure parameters of the intelligent atomization control system (4), it can adapt to the flue gas composition of different production systems such as coal combustion, iron concentrate sintering, and electrolytic aluminum, and can handle SO2 concentrations of 5000-30000 mg / Nm³. 3 Its flue gas treatment effect is particularly remarkable, and it has a wide range of applications.

[0015] Beneficial effects Using the device of this invention, the dynamic refractive grid (3) + AI control effectively solves the problem of "dynamic adjustment lag", making the desulfurization efficiency stable at over 98%, and increasing the droplet atomization coverage from 70% in the prior art to 95%; and the SO2 concentration at the outlet is ≤5mg / Nm 3 Dust ≤3mg / Nm 3This meets the ultra-low emission requirements of the "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants" (GB13223-2023), achieving stable compliance; and the SO2 fluctuation at the outlet is ≤±2mg / Nm³. 3 This solves the problem of large fluctuations in traditional technologies (±15mg / Nm). 3 The problem is...

[0016] The AI ​​model can precisely control the start and stop of the spray system, reducing the ineffective spray time by 60%. Moreover, the frequency of the circulating water supply device is reduced from 50Hz to 25Hz, resulting in a decrease in overall power consumption. Under the same flue gas volume, the power consumption of the circulating water supply device of this invention is 1.2kW, while that of the prior art is 2.0kW. The overall power consumption is reduced by 30% compared with the traditional WFGD technology, and the power saving effect is very obvious.

[0017] (3) Silicon carbide-ceramic coating solves the problem of "equipment corrosion" and extends the maintenance cycle to 3 years, which is 1.5 to 2.0 times longer than the existing tower body life; (4) The waste heat recovery system solves the problem of “energy waste” and improves the overall thermal efficiency to 85%. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dynamic refractive grid structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a honeycomb-shaped microporous structure plate. Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the pressure-resistant composite corrosion-resistant tower structure at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the swirl guide plate structure.

[0019] In the diagram, 1 represents the desulfurization tower, 2 represents the spray layer, 3 represents the dynamic refractive grid, 4 represents the intelligent atomization control system, and 5 represents 1. # The structure consists of a grid servo motor, a diffusion layer (6), a main atomizing layer (7), a pre-crushing zone (8), and a section (9). # Laser particle size analyzer, 10 as 1 # High-speed camera, 11 for 1 # Piezoelectric stress sensor, 12 is the main atomization zone, 13 is the secondary atomization zone. # Laser particle size analyzer, 14 for 2 # High-speed camera, 15 for 2 # Piezoelectric stress sensor, 16 for 2 # 17 is a grid servo motor, 18 is a swirl guide plate, 19 is a microporous structure plate, and 19 is a 1 # Gas compressor, 20 for 2 #21 is a gas compressor, 22 is a water supply servo motor, 23 is a circulating water supply device, 24 is a pressure-resistant composite anti-corrosion tower body, 25 is a waste heat recovery system, 26 is a desulfurization waste liquid comprehensive utilization equipment, 27 is a grid shaft, 28 is a connecting grid gear, 29 is a motor shaft gear, 30 is a drive rack, 30 is a parallel rack, 31 is a rack guide groove, 32 is the main material of the tower body, 33 is sprayed silicon carbide, and 34 is ceramic. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example 1: Taking a power plant in Guizhou with a capacity of 50,000 Nm 3 Taking / h flue gas treatment as an example: Using the ultrafine droplet wet desulfurization device with dynamic refractive grid and intelligent atomization control as described in this invention, when the SO2 concentration in the flue gas decreases from 20000 mg / Nm³, 3 The concentration suddenly increased to 25,000 mg / Nm 3 hour, Through 1 # Laser particle size analyzer (9), 1 # High-speed camera (10) and 1 # The piezoelectric stress sensor (11) collects real-time data on pressure, droplet size, and distribution in the pre-fragmentation zone (8) and feeds it back to the intelligent atomization control system (4). Based on this, the intelligent atomization control system (4) issues instructions to 1 according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning. # The gas compressor (19) controls the spatial pressure of the pre-crushing zone (8) to 0.12 MPa, and also through 2 # Laser particle size analyzer (13), 2 # High-speed camera (14) and 2 # The piezoelectric stress sensor (15) collects real-time data on pressure, droplet size, and distribution in the main atomization zone (12) and feeds it back to the intelligent atomization control system (4). Based on this, the intelligent atomization control system (4) issues instructions to 2 according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning. # The gas compressor (20) controls the spatial pressure of the main atomization zone (12) to 0.23 MPa; combined with the LSTM neural network prediction model in the intelligent atomization control system (4), it triggers 1 # The grid servo motor (5) (response time ≤ 0.8 seconds) adjusts the tilt angle of the dynamic refractive grid (3) from the initial 10° to 15°. At this time, the average droplet size of the desulfurization slurry is measured to decrease from 100 μm to 80 μm. Liquid-to-gas ratio control: The pressure in the pre-crushing zone (8) is determined to be 0.12 MPa and the pressure in the main atomization zone (12) is determined to be 0.23 MPa by the intelligent atomization control system (4). The flue gas flow fluctuation is dynamically matched, and the liquid-to-gas ratio is adjusted from 25 L / Nm³. 3Adjusted to 28 L / Nm 3 Ensure that the SO2 concentration at the outlet remains stable at ≤5 mg / Nm³. 3 This indicator is better than the national standard of 35 mg / Nm 3 .

[0021] The pressure-resistant composite anti-corrosion tower body (23) uses 2205 duplex stainless steel as the main material of the desulfurization tower (1). The tower body is designed with a pressure P≥0.8Mpa. On the inner wall of the pressure-resistant stainless steel substrate of the desulfurization tower (1), a silicon carbide-ceramic gradient coating is sprayed with a total thickness of 0.80mm. Among them, the inner silicon carbide layer is 0.3mm thick and the outer ceramic layer is 0.5mm thick, so that the equipment can operate continuously for a long time in a highly corrosive slurry with pH=0.45. Waste heat utilization: A high-temperature heat exchanger of model HTX-150 with a heat recovery efficiency of 85% is selected and connected in series with a medium-temperature heat pump (COP=3.8) to reduce the flue gas temperature from 150℃ to 75℃. The recovered heat is used to preheat the desulfurization waste liquid, raising its initial temperature from 20℃ to 50℃.

[0022] Energy saving effect: Saves 200 tons of coal per year (calculated based on a calorific value of 5000 kcal / kg) and reduces CO2 emissions by 520 tons.

[0023] Example 2: A 1000MW coal-fired power unit (flue gas volume 1,200,000 Nm³) 3 / h) Using the desulfurization device described in Example 1 to perform flue gas desulfurization treatment on a coal-fired power unit, the following operations are performed: Dynamic refractive grid (3) optimization: when the flue gas SO2 concentration is reduced from 18,000 mg / Nm 3 Increased to 22,000 mg / Nm 3 At that time, the data measured by the relevant instruments is transmitted to the intelligent atomization control system (4), and then, according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning in the intelligent atomization control system (4), instructions are issued to 1 respectively. # Gas compressor (19) and 2 # The gas compressor (20) increases the spatial pressure of the pre-crushing zone (8) to 0.16 MPa and the spatial pressure of the main atomizing zone (12) to 0.3 MPa. The tilt angle of the dynamic refractive grid (3) is adjusted from 10° to 14° by the No. 1 grid servo motor (5) and the No. 2 grid servo motor (16), and the droplet size is stabilized at 60 μm. The droplet size distribution dispersion (D90 / D10) = 1.8.

[0024] Desulfurization efficiency: With the cyclone guide plate (17) tilted at 50° and the gas-liquid contact time extended to 5 seconds, the SO2 removal rate was ≥98.2%, and the outlet concentration was stable at 3.5 mg / Nm³.3 .

[0025] High-purity gypsum recovery: The crystallization reactor for desulfurization waste liquid is heated to 65℃ and has a residence time of 2.5 hours. The gypsum produced has a purity of ≥96% and an annual output of 150,000 tons. It is used as a cement retarder and has good returns.

[0026] Example 3: Desulfurization of sintering flue gas from a steel plant (SO2 concentration 28,000 mg / Nm³) 3 Dust ≥80 mg / Nm 3 ); Sintering flue gas is characterized by high sulfur content, high dust content, and large temperature fluctuations (120-180℃). When using the aforementioned desulfurization device, it is necessary to verify the compatibility of the dynamic refractive grid (3) and the intelligent atomization control system (4). The operation is carried out according to the method of Example 1: Parameter optimization of dynamic refractive grid (3): For high dust environment, the spatial pressure of the pre-crushing zone (8) is adjusted to 0.20 MPa, the spatial pressure of the main atomization zone (12) is increased to 0.35 MPa, the tilt angle of the dynamic refractive grid (3) is adjusted to 20°, the average droplet size is controlled at 50 μm, the droplet size distribution dispersion (D90 / D10) = 1.6, and the liquid-to-gas ratio is 30 L / Nm. 3 ; Corrosion resistance: The gradient composite coating consists of a 0.35 mm silicon carbide layer and a 0.45 mm ceramic layer. The result is that after 8000 hours of continuous operation in a slurry with pH=1.2, the wear rate is ≤0.007 mm / year.

[0027] Waste heat utilization: A high-temperature heat exchanger (heat recovery efficiency 88%) reduces the flue gas temperature from 180℃ to 100℃, and a medium-temperature heat pump (COP=4.2) further recovers the temperature to 60℃ for use in the plant's steam supply.

[0028] By-product resource utilization: The gypsum purity is ≥95%, and the dust is recycled as raw material for ironmaking after being filtered by bag filters, achieving "zero discharge of solid waste".

[0029] Desulfurization effect: SO2 outlet concentration ≤ 4 mg / Nm 3 Dust ≤3 mg / Nm 3 The overall power consumption is reduced by 45% compared with traditional technology, which significantly reduces the operating cost of the desulfurization process.

Claims

1. An ultrafine droplet wet desulfurization device with a dynamic refractive grid and atomization control system, the device comprising a desulfurization tower (1), a spray layer (2) inside the tower, a waste heat recovery system (24), and a comprehensive utilization device for desulfurization waste liquid (25), characterized in that... It also includes a dynamic refractive grid (3), an intelligent atomization control system (4), a pressure-resistant composite anti-corrosion tower body (23), and a waste heat recovery system (24), wherein: a spray layer (2) is installed at the top inside the desulfurization tower (1), and a honeycomb microporous structure plate (18) is installed below the spray layer (2). The micropore diameter on the microporous structure plate (18) is 0.5-1mm, and the opening rate is 70-80%; the dynamic refractive grid (3) is installed at the bottom of the microporous structure plate (18). The dynamic refractive grid (3) is divided into upper and lower layers. Each layer of dynamic refractive grid (3) is connected by a transmission device from 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # The grid servo motor (16) is connected to it, in 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # Driven by the grid servo motor (16), each dynamic refractive grid (3) can rotate around its axis, and the tilt angle adjustment range of each dynamic refractive grid (3) is ±30°; the upper layer is the diffusion layer (6) of the desulfurization slurry, which is responsible for pre-crushing the sprayed desulfurization slurry, and the lower layer is the main atomization layer (7) of the desulfurization slurry. The area between the diffusion layer (6) and the main atomization layer (7) is the pre-crushing zone (8). The desulfurization tower wall and interior corresponding to the pre-crushing zone (8) are equipped with 1 # Laser particle size analyzer (9), 1 # High-speed camera (10), 1 # A piezoelectric stress sensor (11) is used, and a hole is opened on the wall of the desulfurization tower. # The air inlet of the gas compressor (19); the area below the main atomizing layer (7) is the main atomizing zone (12), and the desulfurization tower wall and interior corresponding to the main atomizing zone (12) are equipped with 2 # Laser particle size analyzer (13), 2 # High-speed camera (14) and 2 # A piezoelectric stress sensor (15) is used, and two openings are made on the corresponding desulfurization tower wall. # The gas compressor (20) air inlet, the above instruments are respectively connected to the intelligent atomization control system (4), the main atomization layer (7) has a fixed swirling guide plate (17) below the dynamic refraction grid (3), the swirling guide plate (17) has an inclination angle of 45°-60°; the aforementioned dynamic refraction grid (3) has a grid shaft (26) and a grid gear (27) connected to the grid shaft (26) at both ends; connected to the dynamic refraction grid (3) and 1 # Grille servo motor (5) or 2 # The transmission device of the grid servo motor (16) mainly consists of a motor shaft gear (28), a drive rack (29), and a parallel rack (30). The drive rack (29) has upper and lower double-sided teeth. The upper teeth mesh with the grid gear (27), and the lower teeth mesh with the motor shaft gear (28). The upper teeth of the parallel rack (30) mesh with the grid gear (27). The grid gears (27) at both ends of the dynamic refractive grid (3) are placed on the parallel drive rack (29) and the parallel rack (30). # Grille servo motor (5) or 2 # The grid servo motor (16) drives the active rack (29) to move parallel within its defined rack guide groove (31) via the motor shaft gear (28), which in turn drives the grid gear (27) to rotate together with the dynamic refractive grid (3), thereby achieving the adjustment of the grid tilt angle by ±30°. The intelligent atomization control system (4) uses 1 # Laser particle size analyzer (9), 1 # High-speed camera (10) and 1 # The piezoelectric stress sensor (11) collects real-time data on pressure, droplet size, and distribution in the pre-fragmentation zone (8). Based on this data, and according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning within the intelligent atomization control system (4), the intelligent atomization control system (4) issues instructions to 1 # The gas compressor (19) dynamically controls the spatial pressure of the pre-crushing zone (8), typically 0.10-0.20 MPa; similarly, through 2 # Laser particle size analyzer (13), 2 # High-speed camera (14) and 2 # The piezoelectric stress sensor (15) collects real-time data on pressure, droplet size, and distribution in the main atomization zone (12) and feeds it back to the intelligent atomization control system (4). Based on this, and according to the AI ​​model based on the fusion of LSTM neural network and reinforcement learning within the intelligent atomization control system (4), the intelligent atomization control system (4) issues instructions to 2 # A gas compressor (20) controls the spatial pressure of the main atomizing zone (12), typically 0.20-0.40 MPa; simultaneously, it connects to the dynamic refractive grid (3) via a 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # The grid servo motor (16) continuously adjusts the tilt angle of the dynamic refractive grid (3) to ensure that after pre-crushing and main atomization, the desulfurization slurry forms droplets with a particle size of 50-150μm, which are then passed through 1 # High-speed camera (10) and 2 # The image data collected by the high-speed camera (14) is analyzed by the Matlab software to calculate the spatial density variance of the droplets. The water supply servo motor (21) is also connected to the intelligent atomization control system (4). The water supply servo motor (21) is connected to the circulating water supply device (22). The integrated AI algorithm in the intelligent atomization control system (4) is used to control the water supply servo motor (21) to drive the circulating water supply device (22). According to the input working condition parameters, the output command is given to the water supply servo motor (21) to control the start and stop interval and frequency of the spray layer (2), thereby controlling the output of the desulfurization slurry of the spray layer (2).

2. The ultrafine droplet wet desulfurization device with dynamic refractive grid and atomization control system according to claim 1, characterized in that... The pressure-resistant composite anti-corrosion tower body (23) of this device is made of 2205 duplex stainless steel as the main body material (32) of the desulfurization tower (1). The tower body is designed with a pressure P≥0.8Mpa. On the inner wall of the main body material (32), a gradient coating of silicon carbide (33) and ceramic (34) is sprayed with a total thickness of 0.5-1.0mm. Among them, the inner silicon carbide layer is 0.15-0.4mm thick and the outer ceramic layer is 0.35-0.6mm thick.

3. An operation method for flue gas desulfurization using the ultrafine droplet wet desulfurization device with dynamic refractive grid and atomization control system as described in claim 1, comprising the following specific steps: (1) Relying on the LSTM neural network prediction model in the intelligent atomization control system (4), trigger 1 # Grid servo motor (5) and 2 # The grid servo motor (16) adjusts the tilt angle of the dynamic refraction grid (3) accordingly, ensuring that the tilt angle adjustment of the dynamic refraction grid (3) is negatively correlated with the flue gas velocity. In the experiment, four working conditions with flue gas velocities of 5m / s, 10m / s, 15m / s, and 20m / s were selected, and the desulfurization efficiency at tilt angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° was tested respectively. The results showed that the desulfurization efficiency was the highest (≥98%) when the tilt angle decreased by 3° for every 5m / s increase in flow velocity. Therefore, the tilt angle adjustment range was determined to be 2°-5° for every 5m / s increase in flow velocity. The intelligent atomization control system (4) accurately controls the droplet atomization process, ensuring that the space pressure in the pre-crushing zone (8) is 0.10-0.20MPa and the space pressure in the main atomization zone (12) is 0.20-0.40MPa, so that the droplet atomization particle size of the desulfurization solution is 50-150μm and the droplet space density variance is ≤10%. (2) Start the waste heat recovery system (24), and use the high temperature heat exchanger (150℃→100℃) and medium temperature heat pump (100℃→60℃) connected in series in the flue to increase the overall thermal efficiency to 85% and recover heat for slurry preheating, plant heating and condensate. (3) Using the integrated AI algorithm in the intelligent atomization control system (4), based on the input working condition parameters, output instructions to the water supply servo motor (21) to drive the circulating water supply device (22) connected to it, thereby controlling the start-stop interval and frequency of the spray layer (2), and thus controlling the desulfurization slurry output of the spray layer (2). (4) Simultaneously start the comprehensive utilization equipment for desulfurization waste liquid (25) to convert calcium sulfate in desulfurization waste liquid into high-purity gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O content ≥95%), realize the resource utilization of desulfurization by-products, and recover desulfurization by-product gypsum for use as industrial raw materials; (5) By adjusting the AI ​​model and grid structure parameters of the intelligent atomization control system (4), it can be adapted to the flue gas composition of different production systems such as coal, iron concentrate sintering, and electrolytic aluminum.

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