Workpiece conical surface turning method and pointed turning tool
By calculating the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge and the wear compensation of the pointed turning tool, and combining this with the golden section method, the machining error problem caused by tool wear was solved, achieving high-precision conical surface machining and extended tool life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511730749.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
AI Technical Summary
When machining conical surfaces, existing lathe tools experience increased machining errors due to wear on the tool tip arc, especially in high-precision conical workpieces, which may lead to out-of-tolerance dimensional accuracy or even scrapping.
By calculating the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge and the wear compensation of the pointed turning tool, it is ensured that the secondary cutting edge is parallel to the workpiece axis. The wear compensation amount is determined by using the golden ratio division method to avoid errors caused by tool tip arc wear. The solid tool tip design eliminates the need for tool tip arc radius compensation.
It effectively reduces radial and axial machining errors on the workpiece's conical surface, ensuring workpiece machining quality and accuracy, and extending tool life.
Smart Images
Figure CN121514565A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of turning technology, and more specifically, to a method for turning a workpiece tapered surface and a pointed turning tool. Background Technology
[0002] When machining non-linear contour surfaces such as conical or arc surfaces using a lathe tool, tool tip radius compensation is required to improve machining accuracy. For example, some commercially available pointed lathe tools have both straight primary and secondary cutting edges, but the intersection of the primary and secondary cutting edges... The cutting edge still has a small-angle rounded corner, meaning that the cutting edge point of this type of lathe tool is still the theoretical cutting edge point.
[0003] The rounded tip of a lathe tool is mainly used to improve the surface quality of the workpiece and extend tool life. However, when machining a cone, the tool tip will inevitably wear as it moves from one machining point to another on the cone surface. This causes the tool tip to lose its regular arc shape and become a short straight cutting edge. If the CNC system still uses the initial tool tip radius as the machining error compensation parameter, it will not match the actual tool shape compensation parameter. This will not only fail to eliminate the error but will also increase the machining error. For high-precision cone workpieces, using the above-mentioned tool and tool tip radius compensation method may cause the workpiece dimensional accuracy to exceed the tolerance, or even render it unusable. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings mentioned in the background art and provide a method for turning a workpiece conical surface and a pointed turning tool, which can avoid the machining errors caused by the wear of the tool tip arc and ensure the machining quality of the workpiece.
[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: On one hand, the present invention provides a method for turning a workpiece with a conical surface, comprising the following steps: Based on the dulling standard of the pointed turning tool used, obtain the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge of the pointed turning tool; Based on the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge, the wear compensation of the pointed turning tool in the direction of the machine tool spindle is obtained; whereby the wear compensation is the distance between the tool tip and the nearest set of golden section points on the secondary cutting edge; Clamp the workpiece and the pointed cutting tool so that the secondary cutting edge is parallel to the axis of the workpiece; The actual turning length of the workpiece's conical surface in the machine tool spindle direction is obtained by summing the theoretical turning length of the workpiece's conical surface in the machine tool spindle direction with the wear compensation, thus completing the turning of the workpiece's conical surface.
[0006] The workpiece conical surface turning method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: During the turning of a workpiece's conical surface, because the secondary cutting edge of the pointed turning tool is always parallel to the workpiece's axis, even if the tool tip wears, the cutting point of the pointed turning tool is always located on the straight line of the secondary cutting edge. Therefore, no radial machining error will occur in the workpiece. For the axial error of the workpiece caused by tool tip wear, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge of the selected pointed turning tool is determined by the dulling standard of the selected pointed turning tool. Then, the wear compensation amount of the secondary cutting edge during the machining process is determined by the golden ratio division method. This wear compensation amount is converted into compensation for the machining length of the workpiece's conical surface in the machine tool spindle direction, so as to minimize the machining error of the workpiece's conical surface.
[0007] Furthermore, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge is positively correlated with the dulling standard value of the pointed turning tool. That is, the longer the dulling standard value of the pointed turning tool, the longer the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge of the selected pointed turning tool.
[0008] Furthermore, the wear compensation amount is calculated using the following formula: = *1 / (1-0.618) In the formula, The maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge, the This refers to the wear compensation amount.
[0009] Furthermore, the starting point for calculating the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge is the tip of the solid surface of the pointed turning tool, that is, the tip of the intersection of the main cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge of the pointed turning tool without rounding.
[0010] Furthermore, the tip radius compensation value for a pointed turning tool is zero, meaning that when the tip of a pointed turning tool is not rounded, there is no need to set the tip radius compensation.
[0011] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a pointed turning tool, wherein the main cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge of the pointed turning tool intersect at the solid tool tip.
[0012] Furthermore, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge is between 0.03 mm and 0.16 mm.
[0013] Furthermore, the length direction of the pointed cutting tool is perpendicular to the secondary cutting edge.
[0014] Furthermore, the primary cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge are perpendicular to each other. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 A process flow diagram of the workpiece conical surface turning method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2A schematic diagram illustrating the workpiece conical surface turning method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part E; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pointed turning tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A parameter comparison table of the dulling standard values of the pointed turning tool and the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge provided for embodiments of the present invention; Figure 6 A comparison table of workpiece conical surface machining accuracy obtained by the workpiece conical surface turning method provided in the embodiments of the present invention and the traditional tool tip radius compensation method; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Workpiece; 10. Conical surface; 10a. First machining point; 10b. Second machining point; 2. Pointed lathe tool; 20. Secondary cutting edge; 21. Main cutting edge; 22. Tool tip. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0017] Reference Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides a method for turning a workpiece with a conical surface, which includes the following steps: S1. Based on the dulling standard of the pointed turning tool 2, obtain the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed turning tool 2; S2. Based on the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 obtained in step S1, obtain the wear compensation amount of the pointed turning tool 2 in the direction of the machine tool spindle; wherein, the wear compensation amount is the distance value between the tool tip 22 of the pointed turning tool 2 and the nearest set of golden section points on the secondary cutting edge 20. S3. Clamp workpiece 1 and pointed cutting tool 2, so that the secondary cutting edge 20 is parallel to the axis of workpiece 1; S4. Based on the sum of the theoretical turning length of the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1 in the spindle direction of the machine tool and the wear compensation, obtain the actual turning length of the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1 in the spindle direction of the machine tool, and complete the turning of the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1.
[0018] Typically, in the machine tool spatial rectangular coordinate system O-xyz, the z-axis direction represents the direction of the machine tool spindle, the x-axis is horizontal and located within the machine tool positioning plane, the x-axis is perpendicular to the z-axis, and the y-axis is perpendicular to both the z-axis and the x-axis; where the x-axis and y-axis can both represent the radial direction of workpiece 1; during the clamping process, the axis of workpiece 1 is parallel to the direction of the machine tool spindle (z-axis), and the following description refers to this spatial rectangular coordinate system.
[0019] Reference Figure 2 During the process of the pointed cutting tool 2 moving from the first machining point 10a to the second machining point 10b on the conical surface 10, since the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed cutting tool 2 is always parallel to the axis of the workpiece 1, therefore, referring to... Figure 2 Even if the tip 22 of the pointed cutting tool 2 wears during the machining process, the new cutting point generated on the pointed cutting tool 2 will always be located on the secondary cutting edge 20. Therefore, no machining error will be generated on the radial (x-axis and y-axis) of the workpiece 1 during the turning process.
[0020] Reference Figure 2 During the process of the pointed cutting tool 2 moving from the first machining point 10a to the second machining point 10b on the conical surface 10, the tip of the pointed cutting tool 2 will wear, which will cause the cutting point on the secondary cutting edge 20 to be positioned further back than the tip 22 in the direction of the machine tool spindle (z-axis), thereby causing machining errors in the z-axis direction of the conical surface 10 of the workpiece 1.
[0021] For the axial (z-axis) error of workpiece 1 caused by the wear of the tool tip 22 of the pointed turning tool 2, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed turning tool 2 is determined by the wear standard of the selected pointed turning tool 2; then, the wear compensation amount of the secondary cutting edge 20 in the z-axis direction during the machining process is determined by the golden ratio division method, and this wear compensation amount is converted into compensation for the machining length of the tapered surface 10 of workpiece 1 in the machine tool spindle direction, so as to minimize the machining error of the tapered surface 10 of workpiece 1.
[0022] In existing technologies, tool tip radius compensation is used to reduce machining errors on the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1. However, the cutting tool will wear in both the x-axis and z-axis directions. During machining, the tool tip radius compensation value remains constant, which will cause certain machining errors on the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1 in both the x-axis and z-axis directions. This solution abandons the existing method of using tool tip radius compensation to reduce machining errors on the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1. At the same time, the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed cutting tool 2 is parallel to the workpiece 1 in the x-axis direction to eliminate machining errors on the workpiece 1 in the x-axis direction. Furthermore, the pointed cutting tool 2 is set with wear compensation in the z-axis direction to compensate for the actual machining length of the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1 in the spindle direction. This eliminates the need for wear compensation in the x-axis direction for the pointed cutting tool 2 while ensuring the accuracy of the wear compensation in the x-axis direction, thus guaranteeing the machining accuracy of the conical surface 10 of workpiece 1.
[0023] Among them, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the selected pointed turning tool 2 is positively correlated with the dulling standard value of the pointed turning tool. The longer the dulling standard value of the pointed turning tool 2, the longer the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the selected pointed turning tool 2.
[0024] For example, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge of the pointed turning tool 2 can be determined by referring to... Figure 5 It can be seen that the dulling standard value of the pointed turning tool 2 varies depending on the material of the tool, the material of the workpiece 1, and the machining properties.
[0025] Generally, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 is between 0.03 mm and 0.16 mm.
[0026] For example, Figure 3 The image shows that the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed lathe tool 2 starts and ends at positions A and B; Figure 4 The tip 22 of the pointed lathe tool 2 shown in the figure is at Figure 3 When the secondary cutting edge 20 is at position A, the tool tip 22 has actually worn, and the new cutting point produced on the secondary cutting edge 20 is located at position C, that is, the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed turning tool 2 has produced actual wear. After multiple tests and demonstrations, when the wear compensation amount... When using the golden ratio sectioning method for verification, the wear compensation amount of the pointed turning tool 2 in the z-axis direction can be determined. ( Figure 3 The distance between A and D in the middle and the actual wear amount They are very close to or even overlap.
[0027] Reference Figure 3 At this time, the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed lathe tool 2 is... Let point D be the golden section point, and the distance from point D to point A be less than the distance from point D to point B. Then, the aforementioned formula for calculating the wear compensation amount is as follows: = *1 / (1-0.618) In the formula, The maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge, the This refers to the wear compensation amount.
[0028] Therefore, in the above embodiment, the starting position A for calculating the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed turning tool 2 is the tool tip 22 of the solid on the pointed turning tool 2, and not the theoretical tool tip 22 after rounding.
[0029] Reference Figure 6 The table shows that the workpiece conical surface machining accuracy obtained by the workpiece conical surface turning method of the present invention is better than that obtained by the traditional tool tip radius compensation machining method.
[0030] If the tip point 22 is a solid point on the pointed turning tool 2, there is no need to set the tip radius compensation parameter, that is, the tip radius compensation value entered in the CNC system is zero.
[0031] Reference Figure 4 The present invention also provides a pointed lathe tool 2, wherein the main cutting edge 21 and the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed lathe tool 2 intersect at the tip point 22 of the solid tool.
[0032] Among them, the angle between the length direction (i.e. the tool holder direction) of the pointed turning tool 2 and the secondary cutting edge 20 can be in the range of 0° to 90°.
[0033] In one embodiment, the length direction of the pointed turning tool 2 is perpendicular to the secondary cutting edge 20, which is more in line with the industry's customary turning tool design and facilitates the clamping of the pointed turning tool 2.
[0034] Among them, the main cutting edge 21 and the secondary cutting edge 20 of the pointed turning tool 2 can have an included angle in the range of 0° to 90°.
[0035] In one embodiment, the main cutting edge 21 and the secondary cutting edge 20 are perpendicular to each other, which is more in line with the industry's conventional tool design.
[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0037] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0038] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0039] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for turning a workpiece with a conical surface, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge of the pointed turning tool is obtained based on the dulling standard of the pointed turning tool used. The wear compensation amount of the pointed turning tool in the machine tool spindle direction is obtained based on the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge; wherein, the wear compensation amount is the distance value between the tip of the pointed turning tool and the nearest set of golden section points on the secondary cutting edge; The workpiece and the pointed cutting tool are clamped together such that the secondary cutting edge is parallel to the axis of the workpiece; The actual turning length of the workpiece's conical surface in the machine tool spindle direction is obtained by summing the theoretical turning length of the workpiece's conical surface in the machine tool spindle direction with the wear compensation, and the conical surface turning of the workpiece is completed.
2. The workpiece conical surface turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge is positively correlated with the dulling standard value of the pointed turning tool.
3. The method for turning a workpiece conical surface according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The wear compensation amount is calculated using the following formula: = *1 / （1-0.618） In the formula, The maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge, the This refers to the wear compensation amount.
4. The method for turning a workpiece conical surface according to claim 3, characterized in that, The starting point for calculating the maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge is the tip of the solid surface of the pointed lathe tool.
5. The method for turning a workpiece conical surface according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tip radius compensation value of the pointed lathe tool is zero.
6. A pointed turning tool, used to implement the workpiece conical surface turning method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The primary and secondary cutting edges of the pointed lathe tool intersect at the solid tool tip.
7. The method for turning a workpiece conical surface according to claim 6, characterized in that, The maximum effective length of the secondary cutting edge is between 0.03 mm and 0.16 mm.
8. The pointed turning tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length direction of the pointed cutting tool is perpendicular to the secondary cutting edge.
9. The pointed turning tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The primary cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge are perpendicular to each other.