Preparation method of light long-time anti-scouring ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a light long-time anti-scouring and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material, and relates to the technical field of material processing, and the key points of the technical scheme are as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a heat insulation layer material containing an ablation-resistant filler through double-roller open milling; and extruding the filler through an expansion-limitation auxiliary extrusion device reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field, and inducing the filler to turn over by utilizing an expansion flow field generated by an expansion-limitation-orientation section runner to form an ordered orientation structure, so as to prepare the novel heat insulation layer material. The method overcomes the limitation that a traditional blending process cannot regulate and control filler space distribution, the heat insulation layer material with excellent heat insulation performance and good formability can be conveniently prepared, the prepared material is controllable in filler orientation structure and adjustable in principle and formula, the preparation method is convenient and fast, continuous batch production can be achieved, the production efficiency is high, and the quality is stable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of material processing technology, more particularly, it relates to a preparation method of a light-weight long-time erosion-resistant ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the iteration optimization of solid rocket engine design and high-performance propellant, aerospace industry and national defense equipment have been further upgraded, but this also makes the working environment in the combustion chamber more and more severe, and the heat flux density and pressure increase sharply, which puts forward new requirements for the long-time erosion-resistant ablation-resistant performance of the thermal insulation layer material attached to the inner wall of the combustion chamber. Nitrile rubber, silicone rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber are widely used as matrix materials of solid rocket engine thermal insulation layer materials due to their excellent heat-resistant oxygen aging performance, high and low temperature mechanical properties and low density.

[0003] In order to resist the high-temperature high-speed high-pressure airflow erosion, researchers often improve the ablation-resistant performance of rubber matrix materials by adding ablation-resistant fillers such as ceramic particles and reinforcing fibers and modifying the molecular structure. The addition of ablation-resistant fillers can improve the stability of the material in high-temperature environment, promote the formation of carbonized layer and protect the carbonized layer generated by the matrix material from being damaged under airflow erosion. The improvement of the ablation-resistant performance of the filler is related to its filling content, and higher filler content will affect the mechanical and processing properties of the thermal insulation material, and significantly increase the density, which is not conducive to practical production and application.

[0004] In practical application, when the engine is ignited, the surface of the propellant grain begins to burn and generates high-temperature high-speed high-pressure airflow, and the solid particles in the airflow continuously erode the surface of the material, and the surface temperature of the thermal insulation layer will rise rapidly. Then the matrix pyrolyzes, releases gas and absorbs a lot of heat; as the temperature further rises, the matrix forms a carbonized layer, which plays a role in blocking heat transfer. After the matrix pyrolyzes and carbonizes, the ablation-resistant filler will be embedded in the carbonized layer as a skeleton, which can significantly improve the mechanical strength of the carbonized layer to resist the erosion of high-temperature airflow at different angles, and at the same time maintain its structural integrity under severe mechanical load.

[0005] In recent years, researchers both domestically and internationally have made significant progress in the design of insulation layer formulations and traditional blending processes, driving performance optimization and improved preparation efficiency. However, current research focuses primarily on material formulation, with insufficient exploration of composite structure design and integrated molding processes. Furthermore, traditional blending methods mainly achieve uniform dispersion of fillers, making it difficult to effectively control the spatial distribution and orientation of ablation-resistant fillers in the matrix, thus hindering the active construction of more effective ablation-resistant and heat-insulating structures. To fully unleash the potential of different functional fillers and achieve synergistic effects to meet practical application needs, it is essential to master effective techniques for controlling the dispersion and distribution of fillers. Therefore, focusing on the development of composite structure design and convenient integrated molding processes and technologies for insulation layers has become a key breakthrough and core path for improving their overall performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material. The novel thermal insulation layer material prepared by this method has the characteristics of strong erosion resistance, excellent ablation resistance, and excellent thermal insulation performance.

[0007] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for preparing a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) The ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material is obtained by two-roll milling. The ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of raw rubber, 40-70 parts of ablation-resistant filler, 0.3-5 parts of vulcanizing agent, 0-5 parts of accelerator and 0-15 parts of softener.

[0009] (2) The ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material obtained in step (1) is plasticized and extruded through an extended-restricted assisted extrusion device with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field designed to control the orientation distribution of the filler, to obtain a single-layer sheet-like novel ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material.

[0010] The extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion device for strengthening the transverse compression and longitudinal tension composite force field mentioned in step (2) includes: a rubber extruder, a connecting module, and an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module for strengthening the transverse compression and longitudinal tension composite force field; the outlet of the rubber extruder is connected to the inlet of the connecting module, and the outlet of the connecting module is connected to the inlet of the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module for strengthening the transverse compression and longitudinal tension composite force field.

[0011] The connecting module is a rectangular flow channel with dimensions of 20 mm × 40 mm × 2 mm.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that the extended-restricted assisted extrusion module with enhanced transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field includes the following parts: an extended section, a restrictive section, an orientation section, and a horizontal flow section; the width of the flow channel of the restrictive section is 400 mm; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio of the flow channel of the orientation section is 2-10, and the transverse compression ratio is 1.5-5; the length of the flow channel of the horizontal flow section is 10-80 mm.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that: the longitudinal thickness increase ratio of the orientation section channel is preferably 6-8, the transverse compression ratio is preferably 2-3; and the length of the horizontal flow section channel is preferably 20-40 mm.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that: the plasticizing extrusion temperature in step (2) is 50-110℃; and the material extrusion rate of the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is 0.2-0.5 m / min.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that the ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material is preferably made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of raw rubber, 50-60 parts of ablation-resistant filler, 0.5-2 parts of vulcanizing agent, 0-2 parts of accelerator and 4 parts of softener.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that the raw rubber is one of EPDM rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, nitrile rubber or hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that: the ablation-resistant filler is a powder filler of silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, boron carbide, silicon boride, zirconium boride; one-dimensional fiber filler of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, high-silica fibers, quartz fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers, polysulfone fibers, polyimide fibers, poly(p-phenylenebenzodioxazole) fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers; and two-dimensional sheet filler of graphene, boron nitride, mica sheets, montmorillonite, talc powder, and one or more of boronized phenolic resin, epoxy phenolic resin, and alkyl phenolic resin.

[0018] The present invention is further configured such that the sulfiding agent is one of sulfur or organic peroxide.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that the accelerator is one or more of accelerator M, accelerator DM, accelerator CZ, accelerator D, accelerator ZDC, accelerator TMTM, or accelerator TAIC.

[0020] The present invention is further configured such that the softener is one of paraffin oil, naphthenic oil or silicone oil.

[0021] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material and its preparation method provided by the present invention can be obtained quickly and integrally through extrusion molding technology. The sheet-like ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material with a specific ladder-shaped orientation structure can be obtained in one step. The multi-dimensional fillers will further improve the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation layer material by synergistically constructing the orientation structure.

[0023] (2) The lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material prepared by this invention has adjustable properties. The thermal conductivity, density, and ablation resistance of the thermal insulation layer material can be precisely adjusted by controlling the content of ablation-resistant filler and the parameters of the extended-limited assisted extrusion process enhanced by the composite force field, thereby finely adjusting the orderly arrangement of the filler and controlling the thermal conductivity, density, and ablation resistance of the thermal insulation layer material. The diverse control methods can meet the size and performance requirements of different parts in the solid rocket ramjet engine; in particular, the thermal insulation layer material prepared within the specific parameter range of this invention not only has good molding performance, but also excellent ablation resistance and heat insulation effect, and can resist thermal erosion for a long time.

[0024] (3) The present invention utilizes the extended-restricted assisted extrusion process with composite force field enhancement to prepare lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material. Compared with the traditional blending and calendering or conventional extrusion process, it has the advantages of convenient operation, continuous preparation, stable and uniform material quality, and the ability to control the filler structure. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the extended-restriction assisted extrusion device for strengthening the composite force field of transverse compression and longitudinal tension involved in this invention. In the figure, (A) is a rubber extruder, (B) is a connecting module, and (C) is an extended-restriction assisted extrusion module for strengthening the composite force field of transverse compression and longitudinal tension of sheet material.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the extended-restricted assisted extrusion module with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement involved in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 The figures show a two-dimensional cross-section (a) and a two-dimensional cross-section (b) of the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching combined force field reinforcement involved in the present invention. In Figure (b), 1 is the extended section, 2 is the restricted section, 3 is the orientation section, and 4 is the horizontal flow section.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of packing arrangement, rotation, and orientation to form a ladder-like structure in each section of the flow channel of the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion device with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement involved in this invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a morphological image of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a morphology diagram of the ablation-resistant insulation layer material in Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-6 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0032] Example 1: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0033] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of EPDM rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 20 kg of carbon black, 5 kg of carbon nanotubes, 20 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 5 kg of zinc oxide, 1.5 kg of sulfur, 1 kg of accelerator M, 1 kg of accelerator ZDC, and 4 kg of paraffin oil.

[0034] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0035] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0036] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.3 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 6 and 2, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 30 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] The extended-restriction auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement in Example 1 was replaced with a conventional rectangular die (20 mm × 40 mm × 2 mm), and other process parameters were the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparing the material forming effects of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, under the specific preparation process parameters of the present invention, the lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material has a uniform and regular structure, with a ladder-like structure. The two sides of the sheet are flat and without burrs, and the surface is smooth and without defects. Obvious filler orientation lines can be observed. However, in Comparative Example 1, the extrusion die was changed, and the degree of orderly arrangement of the ablation-resistant filler was low, so the target orientation structure could not be obtained. The surface of the resulting sheet heat insulation layer material was uneven, and no obvious filler orientation lines could be observed.

[0040] Example 2: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0041] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of EPDM rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 20 kg of carbon black, 5 kg of carbon nanotubes, 20 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 5 kg of zinc oxide, 1.5 kg of sulfur, 1 kg of accelerator M, 1 kg of accelerator ZDC, and 4 kg of paraffin oil.

[0042] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0043] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0044] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.4 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 6 and 2, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 30 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0045] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, flat sides without burrs, no obvious defects on the surface, and the orientation and arrangement of the filler can be observed.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) in Example 2 was increased to 0.7 m / min, while other process parameters remained the same as in Example 2.

[0048] Comparative Example 2 adjusted the extrusion rate of the rubber extruder. Compared to Example 2, the sheet extruded by the extended-restricted assisted extrusion module reinforced by a combined force field of transverse compression and longitudinal stretching could not form a continuous and regular sheet structure. The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material had burrs on both sides and surface defects, and could not form a continuous and regular sheet structure.

[0049] The erosion resistance, ablation resistance, and thermal conductivity of the ablation-resistant insulation layer materials in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0050] Table 1

[0051]

[0052] The lower the linear ablation rate, the better the ablation resistance. As can be seen from Table 1, the lightweight, long-term erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant insulation layer material of Example 1 has excellent comprehensive performance, can resist erosion for a long time, and has a low linear ablation rate and a small mass ablation rate.

[0053] A comparison with Comparative Example 1 shows that the extended-constrained assisted extrusion reinforced by a combined force field of transverse compression and longitudinal tension can induce the filler to rotate and orient, effectively constructing a ladder-like structure, thus supporting the carbonized layer and effectively expelling pyrolysis gases. Under the same sheet size and filler content, it exhibits superior resistance to erosion and ablation.

[0054] Example 3: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0055] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of EPDM rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 20 kg of carbon black, 5 kg of carbon nanotubes, 20 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 5 kg of zinc oxide, 1.5 kg of sulfur, 1 kg of accelerator M, 1 kg of accelerator ZDC, and 4 kg of paraffin oil.

[0056] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0057] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0058] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.4 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 8 and 3, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 40 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0059] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, flat sides without burrs, no obvious defects on the surface, and obvious filler orientation and arrangement patterns can be observed.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] The length of the horizontal flow channel in the extended-restricted assisted extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement in Example 3 was shortened to 10 mm; other process parameters were the same as in Example 3. The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant heat insulation layer material had obvious defects on its surface, and clear filler orientation patterns could not be observed.

[0062] Comparative Example 3 adjusted the length of the horizontal flow channel in the extended-limited auxiliary extrusion module (C) with the combined force field reinforcement of transverse compression and longitudinal stretching. Compared with Example 3, the extruded sheet shape was not regular, the surface had some defects, and some cracks appeared on both sides of the sheet.

[0063] Example 4: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0064] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of silicone rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 30 kg of silicon dioxide, 10 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 0.5 kg of peroxide vulcanizing agent, and 4 kg of silicone oil.

[0065] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0066] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0067] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.3 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 6 and 2, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 30 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0068] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, smooth and flat sides, no obvious defects on the surface, and the orientation and arrangement of the filler can be observed.

[0069] Example 5: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0070] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of silicone rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 30 kg of silicon dioxide, 10 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 0.5 kg of peroxide vulcanizing agent, and 4 kg of silicone oil.

[0071] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0072] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0073] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.4 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 6 and 2, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 30 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0074] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, smooth and flat sides, no obvious defects on the surface, and the orientation and arrangement of the filler can be observed.

[0075] Example 6: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0076] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of silicone rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 30 kg of silicon dioxide, 10 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 0.5 kg of peroxide vulcanizing agent, and 4 kg of silicone oil.

[0077] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0078] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0079] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.4 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 8 and 3, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 40 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0080] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, smooth and flat sides, no obvious defects on the surface, and obvious filler orientation and arrangement patterns can be observed.

[0081] Example 7: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0082] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of nitrile rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 20 kg of carbon black, 5 kg of carbon nanotubes, 20 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 5 kg of zinc oxide, 1.5 kg of sulfur, 1 kg of accelerator M, 1 kg of accelerator ZDC, and 4 kg of paraffin oil.

[0083] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0084] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0085] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.4 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 6 and 2, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 30 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0086] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, a compact structure, no obvious defects on the surface, and the orientation and arrangement of the filler can be observed.

[0087] Example 8: Preparation of the lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material of the present invention

[0088] The following components and fractions are used: 100 kg of nitrile rubber, 5 kg of aramid fiber, 5 kg of carbon fiber, 20 kg of carbon black, 5 kg of carbon nanotubes, 20 kg of boronized phenolic resin, 5 kg of zinc oxide, 1.5 kg of sulfur, 1 kg of accelerator M, 1 kg of accelerator ZDC, and 4 kg of paraffin oil.

[0089] The raw materials are mixed and blended according to the above proportions to obtain an ablation-resistant rubber composite material.

[0090] The ablation-resistant rubber composite material is fed into a rubber extruder (A), conveyed by a screw and stacked through a connecting module (B), and extruded from an extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) reinforced by a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and heat-insulating layer material.

[0091] The material extrusion rate of the rubber extruder (A) is 0.4 m / min; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio and transverse compression ratio of the orientation section in the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement are 6 and 2, respectively; the flow channel length of the horizontal flow section is 30 mm; the temperature of the rubber extruder (A), the connecting module (B), and the extended-restricted auxiliary extrusion module (C) with transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field reinforcement is set to 80℃.

[0092] The prepared lightweight, long-lasting erosion-resistant and ablation-resistant insulation layer material has a uniform and regular shape, a compact structure, no obvious defects on the surface, and the orientation and arrangement of the filler can be observed.

[0093] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: (1) a double roll mill is used to prepare the ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: raw rubber 80-100 parts, ablation-resistant filler 40-70 parts, vulcanizing agent 0.3-5 parts, accelerator 0-5 parts, and softening agent 0-15 parts; (2) the ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material obtained in step (1) is plasticized and extruded through an extension-limiting auxiliary extrusion device with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field to obtain a single-layer sheet-shaped new ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material; The extension-limiting auxiliary extrusion device with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field in step (2) comprises a rubber extruder, a connecting module, and an extension-limiting auxiliary extrusion module with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field; the outlet of the rubber extruder is connected to the inlet of the connecting module, and the outlet of the connecting module is connected to the inlet of the extension-limiting auxiliary extrusion module with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field. The connecting module is a rectangular channel with a size of 20 mm×40 mm×2 mm.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The extension-limiting auxiliary extrusion module with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field comprises the following parts: an extension section, a limiting section, an orientation section, and a flat-flow section; the width of the limiting section is 400 mm; the longitudinal thickness increase ratio of the orientation section is 2-10, and the transverse compression ratio is 1.5-5; the length of the flat-flow section is 10-80 mm.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The longitudinal thickness increase ratio of the orientation section is preferably 6-8, the transverse compression ratio is preferably 2-3, and the length of the flat-flow section is preferably 20-40 mm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The plasticizing and extruding temperature in step (2) is 50-110℃, and the material extrusion rate of the extension-limiting auxiliary extrusion module with a transverse compression and longitudinal stretching composite force field is 0.2-0.5 m / min.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: raw rubber 100 parts, ablation-resistant filler 50-60 parts, vulcanizing agent 0.5-2 parts, accelerator 0-2 parts, and softening agent 4 parts.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The raw rubber is one of EPDM, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, nitrile rubber, or hydrogenated nitrile rubber.

7. A method for preparing a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The ablation-resistant filler is one or more of the following: powder fillers such as silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, boron carbide, silicon boride, and zirconium boride; one-dimensional fiber fillers such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, high-silica fibers, quartz fibers, basalt fibers, aramid fibers, polysulfone fibers, polyimide fibers, poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers, and polyacrylonitrile fibers; two-dimensional sheet fillers such as graphene, boron nitride, mica sheets, montmorillonite, talc powder, boronized phenolic resin, epoxy phenolic resin, and alkyl phenolic resin.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: mixing the first and second materials to form a mixture; and curing the mixture to form the lightweight, long duration erosion and ablation resistant thermal protection layer material. The vulcanizing agent is one of sulfur or organic peroxide.

9. A method for preparing a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The accelerator is one or more of accelerator M, accelerator DM, accelerator CZ, accelerator D, accelerator ZDC, accelerator TMTM, or accelerator TAIC.

10. A method for preparing a lightweight, long-lasting, erosion-resistant, and ablation-resistant thermal insulation layer material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The softening agent is one of paraffin oil, naphthenic oil, or silicone oil.

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