Carton stacking machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a carton stacking machine which comprises a rack, a conveying mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a stacking lifting mechanism and a control system. The conveying mechanism is arranged at the input end of the rack and used for conveying cartons to be stacked. The positioning mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the conveying mechanism, and centering positioning of cartons with different widths is achieved through adjustable guide assemblies. The stacking lifting mechanism is located below the output end of the conveying mechanism and comprises a lifting platform, a driving assembly and a limiting piece, the lifting platform can vertically slide along the rack, the driving assembly drives the lifting platform to achieve stepped descending, and the limiting piece ensures that the cartons are stacked in order; the control system is electrically connected with all the mechanisms and controls the overall operation rhythm. Through collaborative design of the positioning mechanism and the lifting mechanism, the carton stacking regularity and efficiency are improved, and the carton stacking device can adapt to cartons of various specifications, and is compact in structure, convenient to operate and suitable for an automatic carton processing assembly line.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carton processing equipment, and particularly relates to a carton stacking machine used in an automatic assembly line to realize regular stacking of cartons. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of carton production and processing, the formed cartons need to be stacked for subsequent packaging, storage and transportation. The efficiency and regularity of the stacking process directly affect the automation level and cost control of subsequent carton processing. At present, the carton stacking equipment on the market mainly includes manual assisted stacking and semi-automatic stacking, and both have the shortcoming of being difficult to adapt to modern assembly line production. Among them, the manual assisted stacking method completely relies on manual arrangement and stacking of the cartons by the operator. Not only is the single-shift stacking amount limited (usually only 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the automatic equipment), but also the labor intensity is extremely great. In addition, the stacking of the cartons is prone to deviation and tilting due to human operation errors, and even the cartons may fall over, which not only affects the tightness and aesthetics of subsequent packaging, but also may cause the cartons to be squeezed and damaged, increasing material loss. At the same time, the stability of manual operation is poor, and it is difficult to match the continuous conveying rhythm of the assembly line, which may cause material jamming and stacking problems and interrupt the production process.

[0003] Although the semi-automatic stacking equipment replaces part of the manual operation through mechanical structure, it improves the stacking efficiency to a certain extent, but still has obvious defects in positioning accuracy, adaptation range and mechanism coordination: first, the positioning structure is rigid, and fixed spacing guide plates or manually adjustable guide structures are usually used. Manual adjustment is time-consuming (5-10 minutes are needed for single adjustment), and it cannot accurately adapt to cartons of different widths and thicknesses, which may cause lateral deviation of the cartons during conveying and stacking. When the number of stacked layers exceeds 10, the deviation error will be accumulated and enlarged, and the regularity will decrease sharply. Second, the lifting drive precision is insufficient. The mainstream equipment usually uses a cylinder to drive the lifting platform, and the extension stroke of the cylinder is greatly affected by the pressure fluctuation. The positioning error is usually 3-5 mm, which cannot realize the stepwise descent of the accurate matching of the carton height, and the start-stop impact of the lifting action may cause the stacked cartons to shake and shift. Third, the coordination of each mechanism is poor. The conveying, positioning and stacking actions lack precise timing control, and the action switching is usually triggered by a simple travel switch with a response lag (usually >0.5s), which may cause the cartons to enter the stacking station without complete positioning or the lifting platform to be not in place before the next carton is conveyed, thereby causing material jamming, stacking omission, carton corner collision and deformation, and other problems, which cannot meet the needs of high efficiency, precision and continuous operation of the automatic assembly line. In addition, the adaptation range of the existing semi-automatic equipment is narrow, and most of them can only adapt to 2-3 fixed specifications of cartons. For small batch, multi-specification carton production scenes, the equipment needs to be frequently replaced or adjusted, and the universality is extremely poor, which further limits its application scenarios. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the paper box stacking machine aims to solve the problems of low positioning accuracy, narrow adaptation range, poor stacking efficiency and poor mechanism coordination of the existing equipment, and realizes accurate, efficient and regular stacking of paper boxes, adapts to paper boxes of various specifications, and meets the production requirements of automatic assembly line.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a paper box stacking machine, comprising a rack, a conveying mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a stacking lifting mechanism and a control system.

[0006] The rack is used as the installation reference of the whole equipment, is formed by welding profile steel, has stable structure, and is provided with a horizontal installation surface at the top for installing the conveying mechanism and the positioning mechanism, and has a reserved cavity inside for installing the driving assembly of the stacking lifting mechanism; leveling feet are arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the rack, the leveling feet adopt a screw adjusting structure, can be independently adjusted in height, ensure that the equipment is placed stably under different ground conditions, and avoid shaking during operation.

[0007] The conveying mechanism is fixed to the top of the input end of the rack, is used for receiving the paper boxes to be stacked conveyed by the external assembly line, and stably conveys the paper boxes to the stacking station; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying roller set, a conveying motor and a synchronous transmission part, the conveying roller set is composed of a plurality of parallel arranged conveying rollers, the conveying rollers are rotatably connected to the rack through bearing seats at both ends, and the conveying rollers are provided with anti-skid rubber sleeves on the surfaces, which can increase the friction force with the bottom surface of the paper box and prevent the paper box from slipping and deviating during conveying; the conveying motor adopts a servo motor, uses a synchronous belt or chain as the synchronous transmission part, drives all the conveying rollers to rotate synchronously, ensures that the conveying speed is uniform and stable, and the rotating speed of the conveying motor can be adjusted through the control system to adapt to the conveying rhythm of different assembly lines.

[0008] The positioning mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conveying mechanism, is used for centrally positioning the paper boxes in the conveying process, and ensures that the paper boxes are accurately conveyed to the stacking station; the positioning mechanism comprises a guide plate, an adjusting screw, an adjusting motor and a distance sensor, the guide plate has a straight plate structure, the length thereof is adapted to the conveying length of the conveying mechanism, one side of the guide plate close to the input end of the conveying mechanism is provided with an arc-shaped guide portion, the arc-shaped guide portion is curved outward to form a flared structure, and the paper box is conveniently guided into the guide plate; the adjusting screw is a bidirectional screw, the screw threads at both ends are opposite in direction, the two guide plates are threadedly connected to both ends of the adjusting screw, the adjusting motor drives the adjusting screw to rotate, drives the two guide plates to move synchronously relative to or away from each other, and the adjusting width is realized; the distance sensor is fixed to the inner side of the guide plate, adopts an infrared sensor or a laser sensor, can detect the edge position of the paper box in real time, and feeds back the detection signal to the control system; the control system automatically controls the operation of the adjusting motor according to the preset paper box width parameter, realizes automatic adaptation of the adjusting width, and does not need manual adjustment.

[0009] The layering lifting mechanism is located inside the frame corresponding to the output end of the conveying mechanism, used for receiving the positioned carton and realizing the regular layering of multiple cartons; the layering lifting mechanism comprises a lifting platform, a lifting driving element, guide columns and a limiting baffle, the guide columns are four vertical fixed columns at the four corners of the inside of the frame, the lifting platform is a rectangular flat structure, the four corners are provided with guide holes matched with the guide columns, the lifting platform is sleeved on the guide columns and can vertically slide along the guide columns to ensure the stability of the lifting process without deviation; the lifting driving element is a combination of a ball screw pair and a servo motor, the servo motor is connected with the ball screw through a shaft coupling, the ball screw nut is fixedly connected with the bottom of the lifting platform, the servo motor drives the rotation of the ball screw to drive the precise lifting of the lifting platform, which can realize stepwise descent, and the lifting platform descends by the height of one carton for each received carton to ensure the regular stacking of each layer of carton; the limiting baffle is vertically fixed on one side of the output end of the lifting platform and corresponds to the output end of the conveying mechanism, when the carton is conveyed from the conveying mechanism to the lifting platform, the limiting baffle blocks the carton to limit the layering position of the carton and avoid the carton from exceeding the range of the lifting platform.

[0010] The control system is fixed on the side of the frame, adopts a PLC controller as the core control unit and is electrically connected with the conveying motor, the adjusting motor, the servo motor of the lifting driving element and the distance sensor respectively; the control system is provided with a touch operation panel, which can preset parameters such as the width, height and layering number of the carton and display the running state of the equipment in real time; through a preset program, the control system controls the collaborative operation of each mechanism: after the distance sensor detects that the carton enters the conveying mechanism, a feedback signal is fed back to the controller, the controller drives the adjusting motor to run, the width of the guide plate is adjusted to the appropriate specification to centrally position the carton; the positioned carton is conveyed to the lifting platform, after contacting the limiting baffle, the conveying mechanism pauses running, the lifting driving element drives the lifting platform to descend by the height of one carton, then the conveying mechanism resumes running to receive the next carton, the above-mentioned actions are repeated until the layering of the preset number of layers is completed; after the layering is completed, the control system sends a prompt signal to facilitate the operator to take away the layered carton.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: (1) Accurate positioning and strong adaptability: the two-way screw drives the synchronous adjustment of the two guide plates, and cooperates with the distance sensor to realize the automatic adaptation of the positioning width, which can be compatible with cartons of different width specifications, the arc-shaped guide part facilitates the introduction of the carton, avoids the jamming and deviation of the carton during positioning, and greatly improves the positioning accuracy and equipment adaptability.

[0012] (2) The layer is stacked in order, and the efficiency is high: the lifting driving structure combined with the ball screw pair and the servo motor is adopted to realize the accurate stepwise descent of the lifting platform, and the positioning effect of the limiting baffle is matched to ensure that each layer of cartons is stacked in order without deviation and dumping phenomenon; each mechanism cooperates and runs through the control system, and the action is smooth, without manual intervention, which greatly improves the layering efficiency and reduces the labor intensity.

[0013] (3) Stable structure and reliable operation: the rack is welded by profile steel, and the bottom leveling legs ensure that the equipment is placed stably; the anti-skid rubber sleeve on the surface of the conveying roller avoids the slipping of the cartons, the guide column ensures the stable operation of the lifting platform, the structure design of each component is reasonable, the operation is stable, the failure rate is low, and the long-time continuous operation demand of the automatic assembly line can be met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the conveying mechanism of the application.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the layering and lifting mechanism of the application.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. As shown in the drawings, the embodiment provides a carton layering machine, which comprises a rack 1, a conveying mechanism 2, a positioning mechanism 3, a layering and lifting mechanism 4 and a control system 5. Figures 1-4

[0019] The rack 1 is welded by Q235 profile steel, and the overall size is 2000mmx800mmx1500mm. The horizontal steel plate welded on the top is used as the mounting surface, and the flatness error is ≤0.5mm. The leveling legs 11 are arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the rack 1, and the leveling legs 11 comprise a screw rod and a base. The screw rod is threadedly connected with the bottom of the rack 1, and the base is made of rubber material. The adjustment range is 0-50mm, which can be independently adjusted according to the flatness of the ground to ensure that the equipment does not shake during operation.

[0020] ​The conveying mechanism 2 comprises a conveying roller set 21, a conveying motor 22 and a synchronous belt 23. The conveying roller set 21 is composed of eight parallel arranged conveying rollers, the diameter of the conveying roller is 50 mm, the length is 800 mm, the distance between adjacent conveying rollers is 150 mm, the two ends of the conveying roller are connected with the rack 1 through deep groove ball bearings, the surface is sleeved with an anti-skid rubber sleeve 211 with a thickness of 5 mm, and the surface of the rubber sleeve is provided with anti-skid lines; the conveying motor 22 selects a servo motor with a model of MSME-022G1, the power is 2.2 kW, the rotating speed range is 0-1500 r / min, the conveying roller set 21 is driven to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt 23 and the synchronous pulley, the transmission ratio of the synchronous pulley is 1:3, the conveying speed is stabilized at 0.5-2 m / s, and the conveying speed can be adjusted through the control system 5.

[0021] The positioning mechanism 3 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conveying mechanism 2 and comprises a guide plate 31, an adjusting screw 32, an adjusting motor 33 and a distance sensor 34. The guide plate 31 is made of aluminum alloy, the length is 1200 mm, the height is 100 mm, the thickness is 10 mm, the radius of the arc-shaped guide part 311 near the input end side is 100 mm, and the outer side is curved by 30°. The adjusting screw 32 is a bidirectional trapezoidal screw, the diameter is 30 mm, the lead is 10 mm, the screw threads of the two ends are opposite, the two ends are fixed through a bearing seat and the rack 1, and the two sides of the guide plate 31 are connected with the adjusting screw 32 through a nut seat. The adjusting motor 33 selects a servo motor with a model of SGMAH-01AAA41, the power is 0.1 kW, is connected with the adjusting screw 32 through a shaft coupling, drives the guide plate 31 to move, and the positioning width adjusting range is 200-600 mm. The distance sensor 34 selects an infrared sensor with a model of E3Z-LS63, is fixed in the middle of the inner side of the guide plate 31, the detection distance is 50-300 mm, the accuracy is ±1 mm, the position of the carton edge is detected in real time and is fed back to the control system 5.

[0022] The laminating and lifting mechanism 4 comprises a lifting platform 41, a lifting driving element 42, guide columns 43 and a limiting baffle 44. The guide columns 43 are four stainless steel columns with a diameter of 20 mm, vertically fixed to the four corners of the inner side of the rack 1 with a spacing of 1800 mm x 600 mm. The lifting platform 41 is made of Q235 steel plate with a size of 1800 mm x 600 mm x 8 mm, and a diameter of 21 mm guide hole is arranged at the four corners, which is sleeved on the guide columns 43 and can slide along the guide columns 43. The lifting driving element 42 comprises a ball screw pair and a servo motor. The ball screw has a diameter of 40 mm and a lead of 10 mm, which is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom of the lifting platform 41. The servo motor is selected as a servo motor with a model of MSME-042G1 and a power of 4.2 kW, which is connected with the ball screw through a shaft coupling to drive the lifting platform 41 to lift, with a lifting stroke of 0-800 mm and a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm, so as to realize stepwise descent. The limiting baffle 44 is made of aluminum alloy with a height of 200 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, which is fixed on one side of the output end of the lifting platform 41 through bolts, with a spacing of 50 mm from the output end of the conveying mechanism 2, so as to block the cartons and limit the laminating position.

[0023] The control system 5 adopts a PLC controller with a model of FX5U-32MT, which is fixed in the control box on the side of the rack 1. The control box is equipped with a touch operation panel with a size of 7 inches, which can preset parameters such as the width and height of the carton, the number of laminations (1-50 layers), and display the running state and fault information of the equipment in real time. The control system 5 is connected with the conveying motor 22, the adjusting motor 33, the servo motor of the lifting driving element 42 and the distance sensor 34 through wires, adopts Modbus communication protocol to realize signal transmission, controls the cooperative operation of each mechanism, and the response time is ≤0.1 s.

[0024] The working process of the embodiment is as follows: first, the equipment initialization is completed, the levelness of the equipment is adjusted through the leveling feet 11 at the bottom of the rack 1, so as to ensure that the lifting platform 41 does not tilt during operation, then the power is turned on to start the equipment, the parameters are preset on the 7-inch touch operation panel of the control system 5, including the width of the carton (set as needed within the range of 200-600 mm), the height of the carton (set as needed within the range of 50-200 mm), the target number of laminations (1-50 layers can be selected) and the conveying speed (0.5-2 m / s is suitable for the rhythm of the assembly line), after the parameter setting is completed, the equipment enters the standby state, and waits for receiving the cartons from the external assembly line.

[0025] When the external pipeline delivers the to-be-stacked cartons to the input end of the conveying mechanism 2, the anti-skid rubber sleeve 211 on the surface of the conveying roller set 21 drives the cartons to move at a constant speed to the stacking station by friction. At this time, the distance sensor 34 (model E3Z-LS63) of the positioning mechanism 3 scans the edge of the carton in real time, and transmits the detected position signal to the FX5U-32MT PLC controller in the Modbus protocol. The controller compares the preset carton width parameter with the actual detected value, drives the adjusting motor 33 (model SGMAH-01AAA41) to start, rotates the bidirectional trapezoidal adjusting screw 32 through the coupling, and then drives the two side guide plates 31 to move synchronously relative to each other until the inside of the guide plate 31 is attached to the edge of the carton, completing the center positioning. The arc-shaped guide part 311 (radius 100 mm, bending 30°) at the input end of the guide plate 31 can effectively avoid the rigid collision of the carton corner with the guide plate, ensuring the smooth entry of the carton into the positioning channel. The positioning and adjustment time is ≤0.3 s, and there is no need to stop.

[0026] The positioned carton continues to be conveyed by the conveying roller set 21 to the lifting platform 41 of the stacking lifting mechanism 4. When the front end of the carton contacts the limiting baffle 44, the contact sensor (embedded installation, not shown) inside the limiting baffle sends a signal to the controller, and the controller immediately issues an instruction to make the conveying motor 22 stop running, and at the same time starts the servo motor (model MSME-042G1) of the lifting drive 42, rotates the ball screw pair through the coupling, drives the lifting platform 41 to stably descend along the four stainless steel guide columns 43, and the descending distance is completely matched with the preset carton height, the positioning accuracy is controlled within ±0.1 mm, avoiding the interference between the stacked carton and the next carton.

[0027] After the lifting platform 41 is in place, the servo motor stops running and self-locks, the controller issues an instruction to make the conveying motor 22 resume running, and accepts the next to-be-stacked carton, and repeats the positioning, conveying and lifting actions. When the stacking number reaches the preset value, the control system 5 issues an audible and visual prompt signal (buzzer alarm + red indicator light flashing), and at the same time prohibits new cartons from entering the conveying mechanism, the lifting platform 41 automatically descends to the lowest working position (800 mm at the lower limit of the lifting stroke), so that the operator can take away the stacked carton pile by forklift or manual handling. After the operator takes away the carton pile, presses the "reset" button on the touch panel, the lifting platform 41 automatically rises to the initial receiving station, and the equipment returns to standby state, entering the next round of stacking operation. If abnormal conditions such as material jamming and sensor failure occur during operation, the control system will immediately stop and display the fault code on the touch panel, and at the same time cut off the power supply of each drive mechanism to avoid equipment damage and material loss. After troubleshooting, press the "restart" button to resume operation.

Claims

1. A cardboard box stacking machine, characterized in that, Includes a frame (1), which serves as the equipment installation reference. The top of the frame has a horizontal mounting surface and the interior is reserved for the installation of drive components. The conveying mechanism (2) is fixed to the top of the input end of the frame (1) and is used to receive the externally conveyed cartons to be stacked and convey them to the stacking station. The conveying mechanism (2) includes a conveying roller group (21), a conveying motor (22) and a synchronous transmission component (23). The conveying motor (22) drives the conveying roller group (21) to rotate synchronously through the synchronous transmission component (23). The positioning mechanism (3) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the conveying mechanism (2) for centering the carton during conveying. The positioning mechanism (3) includes a guide plate (31), an adjusting screw (32) and an adjusting motor (33). The adjusting motor (33) drives the adjusting screw (32) to rotate, thereby causing the guide plates (31) on both sides to move relative to each other or in opposite directions to achieve the adjustment of the positioning width. The stacking lifting mechanism (4) is located inside the frame (1) corresponding to the output end of the conveying mechanism (2). It is used to receive the positioned cartons and stack them. The stacking lifting mechanism (4) includes a lifting platform (41), a lifting drive (42) and a guide column (43). The guide column (43) is vertically fixed to the frame (1). The lifting platform (41) is sleeved on the guide column (43) and can slide along it. The lifting drive (42) drives the lifting platform (41) to descend in a step-like manner. It descends by the height of a carton for each carton received. The control system (5) is fixed to the side of the frame (1) and is electrically connected to the conveyor motor (22), the regulating motor (33), and the lifting drive component (42) respectively. It is used to control the coordinated operation of each mechanism. The control system (5) has a built-in controller and a touch operation panel, which can preset the carton specifications and stacking quantity.

2. A carton stacking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (31) has an arc-shaped guide part (311) on one side near the input end of the conveying mechanism (2). The arc-shaped guide part (311) bends outward to facilitate the introduction of the carton.

3. A carton stacking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism (3) also includes a distance sensor (34), which is fixed inside the guide plate (31) and is used to detect the position of the carton edge and feed the signal back to the control system (5) to realize the automatic adjustment of the positioning width.

4. A carton stacking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting drive component (42) is a combination of a ball screw pair and a servo motor. The servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate through a coupling. The ball screw nut is fixedly connected to the lifting platform (41) to achieve precise displacement of the lifting platform (41).

5. A carton stacking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stacking lifting mechanism (4) also includes a limiting baffle (44), which is vertically fixed to one side of the output end of the lifting platform (41) and corresponds to the output end of the conveying mechanism (2), and is used to block the carton and limit the stacking position.

6. A carton stacking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying roller group (21) of the conveying mechanism (2) is covered with an anti-slip rubber sleeve (211) to increase the friction with the bottom of the carton and prevent the carton from slipping and shifting during the conveying process.

7. A carton stacking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the frame (1) is provided with leveling feet (11), which are arranged along the four corners of the bottom of the frame (1) and can be independently adjusted in height to ensure that the equipment is placed stably.

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