Method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation area based on solar photovoltaics

Abstract

The invention provides a method for measuring and recording solar radiation in a crop cultivation area based on solar photovoltaic, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation environment monitoring and solar energy application, and the method comprises the steps: collecting light energy through a solar photovoltaic module to supply power to a system, and combining an efficient radiation sensor angle adjustment and temperature compensation technology; it is ensured that equipment continuously and stably works in different environments, and remote data monitoring is supported. According to the solar photovoltaic crop cultivation area solar radiation measuring and recording method, the problems of angle error and temperature influence in radiation measurement are solved through accurate radiation sensor angle adjustment and temperature compensation technologies. The angle adjustment mode driven by the stepping motor ensures that the sensor accurately aligns to incident light under different conditions, and the measurement deviation during low-angle illumination is reduced. The temperature compensation technology utilizes ambient temperature correction, improves the accuracy of radiation data, and ensures long-term stable optical radiation data recording in a remote crop cultivation area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation environment monitoring and solar energy application technology, specifically a method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaics. Background Technology

[0002] In crop cultivation research, solar radiation is a crucial factor determining photosynthesis and energy conversion efficiency. Its intensity, duration, and temporal variations directly affect crop growth rate and yield distribution. To understand the changing patterns of crop light environment, research and production sites need to record solar radiation intensity curves over a long period to analyze the coupling relationship between radiation and factors such as photosynthesis, transpiration, temperature, and humidity. Existing measurement devices mostly use meteorological station-type radiometers, relying on external power supplies or periodic battery replacements for operation. Some devices use low-power sensors combined with data loggers for periodic sampling, suitable for urban experimental stations and greenhouse environments. In remote farmlands, simplified equipment is often used for manual data reading. While these devices are simple in structure, their measurement accuracy is limited, making it difficult to achieve high-frequency sampling and long-term stable recording. Some studies have introduced solar panel power, but the power supply stability is poor due to weather, installation angle, and energy conversion efficiency, often resulting in measurement interruptions or data loss.

[0003] The core problem with existing technologies lies in the contradiction between power supply and measurement accuracy. In crop cultivation areas with scarce power, measuring equipment cannot operate stably for extended periods, often resulting in intermittent recordings due to insufficient power supply or angular errors caused by fixed sensor installations. During low-angle sunlight in the early morning and late evening, radiation measurements show significant deviations, affecting data continuity and accuracy. This limits the long-term observation and application of solar radiation in agricultural settings and makes it difficult to support the refined research needs of crop growth models and light energy utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaics. The technical problem this invention aims to solve is how to address the issues of unstable power supply and measurement errors in solar radiation measurement in crop cultivation areas by using a solar photovoltaic-based power supply method and precise angle adjustment of the radiation sensor.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic, comprising: S1, collecting and processing light energy from solar photovoltaic modules deployed in the crop cultivation area to form a power supply, wherein the light energy collection and processing adopts photovoltaic panel photoelectric conversion and energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation.

[0006] S2. Radiation acquisition and processing are performed on the radiation measurement device driven by the power supply to form raw radiation data. The radiation measurement device includes a dual-channel radiation sensor, and the radiation acquisition and processing includes short-wave radiation signal acquisition and long-wave radiation signal acquisition.

[0007] S3. The mounting bracket of the dual-channel radiation sensor is angled to form an incident alignment state. The angle adjustment is performed using a stepper motor drive control method.

[0008] S4. Under the incident alignment state, the original radiation data is subjected to temperature compensation processing to form corrected radiation data. The temperature compensation processing includes linear correction calculation based on ambient temperature acquisition.

[0009] S5. The corrected radiation data is stored and wirelessly transmitted to form a solar radiation record result. The solar radiation record result is periodically uploaded to a remote server through a communication module, realizing remote monitoring and long-term stable recording of the data. The communication module is powered by the power supply.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel for photoelectric conversion uses a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel with a rated power of 100W and a standard irradiance of 1000W / m². 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency is ≥23% under an ambient temperature of 25℃. The surface of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel is covered with an AR coating, and the light transmittance of the AR coating is ≥95%, thus achieving higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and better light transmission performance.

[0011] Preferably, the energy storage battery charge / discharge regulation adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery, and the energy storage battery charge / discharge regulation adopts a PWM pulse width modulation mode. The charging voltage threshold of the PWM pulse width modulation mode is 29.2V, the over-discharge voltage threshold is 21.0V, and the overcurrent protection current is 10A. The PWM pulse width modulation mode includes charging the lithium iron phosphate battery when the photovoltaic output power is >12W, and discharging the lithium iron phosphate battery to supply energy when the photovoltaic output power is <12W.

[0012] Preferably, the dual-channel radiation sensor includes a short-wave channel and a long-wave channel. The short-wave channel has a measurement range of 300nm-2500nm and an accuracy of ±1.0%. The long-wave channel has a measurement range of 3μm-100μm, an accuracy of ±1.5%, and a response time of ≤0.1s.

[0013] Preferably, the stepper motor drive control method has a step angle of 0.9°, a detection accuracy of ≥±0.5°, and a detection interval of 15min.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature compensation process employs a temperature-error curve correction model, which is obtained through calibration using 100 sets of standard radiation sources. The formula for the temperature-error curve correction model is:

[0015] in, The corrected radiation data is in units of , These are the original measured values, in units of T represents the real-time ambient temperature, in units of... , Standard temperature, unit: , Temperature coefficient, unit: .

[0016] Preferably, the standard temperature is 25°C, and the temperature coefficient includes a short-wave channel temperature coefficient and a long-wave channel temperature coefficient, wherein the short-wave channel temperature coefficient is 0.002 / °C and the long-wave channel temperature coefficient is 0.0015 / °C.

[0017] Preferably, the communication module is a 4GCat.1 module, with a rated operating current ≤150mA, a communication rate of 10Mb / s, and a transmission cycle of 24h.

[0018] This invention provides a method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaics. It has the following beneficial effects: This invention enables stable operation of solar radiation measurement equipment in remote areas of crop cultivation zones by employing a solar photovoltaic power supply system. The solar photovoltaic modules provide a continuous and stable power supply, ensuring that the measurement equipment can collect data for extended periods at high frequency, avoiding measurement interruptions or data loss due to insufficient power. The system utilizes efficient photoelectric conversion technology and an energy storage battery regulation mechanism to ensure stable power supply even under insufficient sunlight conditions.

[0019] This method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic technology solves the problems of angle error and temperature influence in radiation measurement through precise radiation sensor angle adjustment and temperature compensation technology. The stepper motor-driven angle adjustment method ensures that the sensor can accurately align with the incident light under different times and lighting conditions, reducing measurement deviations under low-angle lighting. The temperature compensation technology utilizes real-time ambient temperature correction to improve the accuracy and reliability of radiation data, ensuring long-term stable data recording. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a solar power supply system; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of radiation measurement and data transmission. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring and recording solar radiation in a crop cultivation area based on solar photovoltaics, including: S1, collecting and processing the light energy of solar photovoltaic modules deployed in the crop cultivation area to form a power supply, wherein the light energy collection and processing adopts photovoltaic panel photoelectric conversion and energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation. The photovoltaic panel photoelectric conversion adopts monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels with a rated power of 100W and a standard irradiance of 1000W / m². 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency is ≥23% under an ambient temperature of 25℃. The surface of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel is covered with an AR coating, and the transmittance of the AR coating is ≥95%. The energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery, and the energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation adopts a PWM pulse width modulation mode. The charging voltage threshold of the PWM pulse width modulation mode is 29.2V, the over-discharge voltage threshold is 21.0V, and the overcurrent protection current is 10A. The PWM pulse width modulation mode includes charging the lithium iron phosphate battery when the photovoltaic output power is >12W, and discharging the lithium iron phosphate battery to provide energy when the photovoltaic output power is <12W.

[0023] S2. The radiation measurement device, driven by a power supply, performs radiation acquisition and processing to generate raw radiation data. The radiation measurement device includes a dual-channel radiation sensor, and the radiation acquisition and processing includes short-wave radiation signal acquisition and long-wave radiation signal acquisition. The dual-channel radiation sensor includes a short-wave channel and a long-wave channel. The short-wave channel has a measurement range of 300nm-2500nm and an accuracy of ±1.0%, while the long-wave channel has a measurement range of 3μm-100μm, an accuracy of ±1.5%, and a response time ≤0.1s.

[0024] Radiation Acquisition Process: The radiation measurement device is powered by a power supply and acquires radiation signals. The device includes a dual-channel radiation sensor, with a short-wavelength channel and a long-wavelength channel for acquiring radiation signals in different wavelength bands. The short-wavelength channel acquires radiation signals in the range of 300 nm to 2500 nm, while the long-wavelength channel acquires radiation signals in the range of 3 μm to 100 μm.

[0025] Shortwave radiation signal acquisition: In the shortwave channel, the sensor measures from 300nm to 2500nm with an accuracy of ±1.0% and a response time of less than or equal to 0.1 seconds.

[0026] The shortwave radiation signal collected was 800 W / m 2 Thanks to the sensor's accuracy and response speed, it is able to stably acquire shortwave radiation data under rapidly changing lighting conditions.

[0027] Long-wave radiation signal acquisition: The long-wave channel is responsible for measuring radiation signals in the 3μm to 100μm band, with an accuracy of ±1.5% and a response time of less than or equal to 0.1 seconds. The acquired long-wave radiation signal is 150 W / m. 2 The precision and response speed of long-wavelength radiation signals ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data even under conditions of rapid changes in illumination.

[0028] Practical application example: At a certain moment, the radiation signal acquired by the shortwave channel was 800 W / m. 2 The radiation signal acquired by the long-wave channel is 150 W / m. 2 The dual-channel sensor can simultaneously and accurately measure radiation signals in two wavelength bands. The accuracy and response time of the short-wave and long-wave channels ensure the continuity and reliability of radiation data under rapidly changing lighting conditions.

[0029] S3. Adjust the angle of the mounting bracket of the dual-channel radiation sensor to achieve incident alignment. The angle adjustment is controlled by a stepper motor. The step angle of the stepper motor is 0.9°, the detection accuracy is ≥±0.5°, and the detection interval is 15 minutes.

[0030] S4. Under incident alignment, the raw radiation data undergoes temperature compensation processing to generate corrected radiation data. Temperature compensation processing includes linear correction calculations based on ambient temperature data. The temperature compensation processing employs a temperature-error curve correction model, which was obtained through calibration with 100 standard radiation sources. The formula for the temperature-error curve correction model is:

[0031] in, To correct for radiation data, the units are... , These are the original measured values, in units of T represents the real-time ambient temperature, in units of... , Standard temperature, unit: , Temperature coefficient, unit: The standard temperature is 25℃. The temperature coefficients include the shortwave channel temperature coefficient and the longwave channel temperature coefficient. The shortwave channel temperature coefficient is 0.002 / ℃, and the longwave channel temperature coefficient is 0.0015 / ℃.

[0032] S5. The corrected radiation data is stored and wirelessly transmitted to form solar radiation records. These records are periodically uploaded to a remote server via a communication module powered by a power supply. The communication module is a 4GCat.1 module with a rated operating current ≤150mA, a communication rate of 10Mb / s, and a transmission cycle of 24h.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment uses a stepper motor-driven angle adjustment method to achieve precise automatic alignment of the dual-channel radiation sensor under constantly changing lighting conditions, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of radiation data.

[0034] 1. Bracket angle adjustment To ensure the radiation sensor accurately receives incident light, the mounting bracket of the dual-channel radiation sensor is angled to achieve incident alignment. Angle adjustment is performed using a stepper motor drive control method to ensure the sensor is precisely aligned to the optimal angle according to changes in solar radiation, thereby improving measurement accuracy.

[0035] 2. Stepper motor drive control method The stepper motor drive system has a step angle of 0.9°, which determines the angle adjusted with each rotation of the stepper motor. Setting the step angle allows for more precise angle adjustment, reduces the deviation between the sensor and the incident light, and improves measurement accuracy. The stepper motor adjusts the sensor angle with an accuracy of 0.9° each time, ensuring that the radiation sensor's detection range covers changes in light intensity over different time periods.

[0036] 3. Detection accuracy and interval The stepper motor's detection accuracy reaches ±0.5°, with the angle error after each adjustment not exceeding ±0.5°. This accuracy ensures that even minor errors occurring during long-term sensor operation can be compensated for through subsequent correction steps. The angle adjustment detection interval is 15 minutes; every 15 minutes, the system automatically detects and adjusts the sensor angle to cope with changes in sunlight intensity caused by variations in the angle of solar radiation over time.

[0037] 4. Data Example In a typical measurement process, the stepper motor initially has an angle of 0°, and the control system automatically adjusts the angle every 15 minutes. When the stepper motor adjusts the step size to 0.9°, the sensor angle will be precisely adjusted to the next suitable incident angle. After a period of time, if it is adjusted to 45°, the system's detection accuracy ensures that the stepper motor adjustment error does not exceed ±0.5°, guaranteeing that the sensor can continuously align with the correct light direction.

[0038] 5. Advantages of automated angle adjustment An automated angle adjustment system controlled by a stepper motor reduces errors from manual operation and improves the system's stability and reliability during long-term operation. The system requires no manual intervention; through precise control and adjustment, it ensures that the sensor always operates at the optimal angle, providing continuous, high-quality radiation data.

[0039] Example 3 This embodiment achieves accurate temperature compensation of the original radiation data under different ambient temperatures through a temperature-error curve correction model and linear correction calculation, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0040] 1. Temperature compensation processing After acquiring the raw radiation data, the current ambient temperature T is obtained and compared with the standard temperature. For comparison, the standard temperature was set at 25℃. A linear correction formula was used to compensate for the original radiation data to ensure accuracy even under fluctuating ambient temperature. The correction formula is as follows:

[0041] in, To correct for radiation data, the units are... , These are the original measured values, in units of T represents the real-time ambient temperature, in units of... , Standard temperature, unit: , Temperature coefficient, unit: The temperature coefficient for the shortwave channel is 0.002 / ℃, and the temperature coefficient for the longwave channel is 0.0015 / ℃.

[0042] Data example: In a certain measurement, the original radiation value For 500 Given an ambient temperature T of 30°C and a temperature coefficient k of 0.002 / °C for the shortwave channel, the temperature-compensated corrected radiation data R is calculated using the formula:

[0043] The radiation data R after temperature compensation is 495. .

[0044] 2. Temperature-Error Curve Correction Model Calibration The temperature-error curve correction model was obtained through calibration using 100 sets of standard radiation sources. During data acquisition, the temperature compensation correction value calculated in real time is based on the correction model, ensuring that the measurement results accurately reflect the radiation intensity under different ambient temperatures.

[0045] Example 4 This embodiment uses the 4GCat.1 communication module to store corrected radiation data and periodically upload it to a remote server, ensuring real-time data transmission and remote monitoring.

[0046] 1. Data storage and wireless transmission processing After processing the temperature-compensated and corrected radiation data, the system stores the data in local storage and performs wireless transmission to ensure timely upload to the remote server. Each radiation data record includes a timestamp, shortwave radiation data, longwave radiation data, corrected radiation data, and relevant environmental information.

[0047] 2. Communication Module and Data Upload The system uses a 4GCat.1 communication module, which provides a stable network connection, ensuring regular data transmission to the remote server. The module's rated operating current is below 150mA, exhibiting low power consumption to prevent excessive battery drain during extended operation. The communication rate is 10Mb / s, achieving fast and stable data upload. During data upload, the communication module performs a periodic transmission every 24 hours, uploading all radiation records and environmental data from the previous day.

[0048] Example of actual data upload: In a certain measurement, the corrected radiation data after compensation was as follows: Shortwave radiation: 550 W / m 2 Long-wave radiation: 200W / m 2 Ambient temperature: 28°C, Data timestamp: October 17, 2025, 08:00.

[0049] Data is stored in local storage and uploaded to a remote server via a 4GCat.1 communication module during a 24-hour periodic transmission. The data transfer rate during the upload process is 10Mb / s, enabling the upload of large amounts of data in a short time.

[0050] 3. Low power consumption design The communication module employs a low-power design, ensuring long-term system operation without frequent charging even under limited power conditions. By periodically uploading data, the system performs network communication when necessary, reducing power consumption and extending device operating time.

[0051] 4. Remote data monitoring and management Data uploaded to the remote server will be monitored in real time by researchers or agricultural managers. Data analysis allows them to understand key environmental parameters such as changes in light intensity and solar radiation levels in the crop cultivation area, further optimizing crop cultivation management and improving agricultural production efficiency. The server can also archive the data for more in-depth analysis and research in the future.

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaics, characterized in that, include: S1. The solar photovoltaic modules deployed in the crop cultivation area are used to collect and process light energy to form a power supply. The light energy collection and processing adopts photovoltaic panel photoelectric conversion and energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation. S2. Radiation acquisition and processing are performed on the radiation measurement device driven by the power supply to form raw radiation data. The radiation measurement device includes a dual-channel radiation sensor, and the radiation acquisition and processing includes short-wave radiation signal acquisition and long-wave radiation signal acquisition. S3. The mounting bracket of the dual-channel radiation sensor is angled to form an incident alignment state. The angle adjustment is performed using a stepper motor drive control method. S4. Under the incident alignment state, the original radiation data is subjected to temperature compensation processing to form corrected radiation data. The temperature compensation processing includes linear correction calculation based on ambient temperature acquisition. S5. The corrected radiation data is stored and wirelessly transmitted to form a solar radiation record result. The solar radiation record result is periodically uploaded to a remote server through a communication module powered by the power supply.

2. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel uses a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel for photoelectric conversion. The rated power of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel is 100W, and the standard irradiance of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel is 1000W / m². 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency is ≥23% under an ambient temperature of 25℃, and the surface of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel is covered with an AR coating with a light transmittance of ≥95%.

3. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery, and the energy storage battery charging and discharging regulation adopts a PWM pulse width modulation mode. The charging voltage threshold of the PWM pulse width modulation mode is 29.2V, the over-discharge voltage threshold is 21.0V, and the overcurrent protection current is 10A. The PWM pulse width modulation mode includes charging the lithium iron phosphate battery when the photovoltaic output power is >12W, and discharging the lithium iron phosphate battery to supply energy when the photovoltaic output power is <12W.

4. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-channel radiation sensor includes a short-wavelength channel and a long-wavelength channel. The short-wavelength channel has a measurement range of 300nm-2500nm and an accuracy of ±1.0%. The long-wavelength channel has a measurement range of 3μm-100μm, an accuracy of ±1.5%, and a response time of ≤0.1s.

5. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The stepper motor drive control method has a step angle of 0.9°, a detection accuracy of ≥±0.5°, and a detection interval of 15min.

6. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature compensation process employs a temperature-error curve correction model, which is obtained through calibration using 100 sets of standard radiation sources. The formula for the temperature-error curve correction model is: ， in, For the corrected radiation data, These are the original measured values, where T is the real-time ambient temperature. Standard temperature This is the temperature coefficient.

7. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaic as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The standard temperature is 25℃, and the temperature coefficient includes a short-wave channel temperature coefficient and a long-wave channel temperature coefficient. The short-wave channel temperature coefficient is 0.002 / ℃, and the long-wave channel temperature coefficient is 0.0015 / ℃.

8. The method for measuring and recording solar radiation in crop cultivation areas based on solar photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module is a 4GCat.1 module, with a rated operating current of ≤150mA, a communication rate of 10Mb / s, and a transmission cycle of 24h.

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