Rock-soil slope multi-field coupling damage simulation test device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and mining engineering, in particular to a rock-soil side slope multi-field coupling damage simulation test device which comprises a box body, a side slope is installed in the box body, the side slope is filled with natural sand, and a water level control unit is installed in the natural sand and used for constructing a directional seepage field from the natural sand to the side slope. Therefore, the formation and lifting height of underground water in the slope are controlled; a loading unit is arranged between the top end of the side slope and the inner top wall of the box body and is used for applying a real-time controllable axial load; an earthquake simulation unit is mounted at the side end of the box body and is used for applying a horizontal reciprocating earthquake load with an adjustable phase; a sliding unit is installed at the bottom of the box body and used for achieving low-resistance displacement of the box body under horizontal excitation. The water level control unit, the loading unit, the earthquake simulation unit and the sliding unit are used for simulating slope instability damage under the multi-factor coupling action of earthquake, water level change and overload, and the monitoring unit is used for monitoring and recording data in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of geotechnical engineering and mining engineering, specifically to a multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for soil and rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] The stability of soil and rock slopes is a critical factor in the safe operation of vital national projects such as water conservancy, hydropower, transportation, and mineral resource development. Especially in high-intensity earthquake zones, reservoir banks, and coastal areas, slopes are subjected to extremely complex coupled environments for extended periods or periodically: seepage softening and a surge in pore water pressure caused by sustained high water levels; long-term stress from heavy loads / overloading at the slope crest and slope surface; and dynamic impacts and liquefaction effects from sudden strong earthquakes. These factors are not isolated but highly coupled, mutually influential, and dynamically superimposed, significantly accelerating the deterioration process of slopes and inducing catastrophic instability and failure. Their failure modes, mechanisms, and critical thresholds are far more complex and sudden than those of a single factor.

[0003] However, existing methods for slope stability research (such as theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and scaled-down model tests) have significant limitations in realistically reproducing the coupled failure processes of such extreme multi-field (water field-force field-seismic force field) and multi-phase (water-soil coupling) conditions: traditional model test devices are difficult to accurately, flexibly, and synchronously control the dynamic coupling effects of extremely high water pressure, overload, and high-precision / high-frequency seismic inputs; test models are limited by size effects and boundary conditions, making it difficult to fully capture the evolution of the entire process of deformation, seepage instability, and disaster of complex slopes under near-real service extreme conditions.

[0004] Therefore, developing a physical model testing device capable of high-fidelity simulation of extreme conditions involving strong coupling of high water levels, overload, and earthquakes has become a key technological requirement and an urgent bottleneck to overcome in deeply revealing the disaster mechanisms of complex slopes, verifying the effectiveness of new protection technologies, and ensuring the safety of major projects under extreme conditions. This invention aims to solve this core problem by providing a highly targeted, controllable, and in-depth mechanism-revealing multi-field coupled failure simulation testing device for soil and rock slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that existing traditional model test devices for slope stability research are difficult to accurately, flexibly, and synchronously control the dynamic coupling effects of extremely high water pressure, overload, and high-precision / high-frequency seismic inputs, this invention provides a multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for soil and rock slopes.

[0006] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for soil and rock slopes includes a box, inside which a slope is installed, and inside the slope is filled natural sand. A water level control unit is installed inside the natural sand to construct a directional seepage field from the natural sand to the slope, thereby controlling the formation and uplift height of groundwater inside the slope. A loading unit is installed between the top of the slope and the inner top wall of the box to apply a real-time controllable axial load. A seismic simulation unit is installed on the side of the box to apply a phase-adjustable horizontal reciprocating seismic load. A sliding unit is installed at the bottom of the box to achieve low-resistance displacement of the box under horizontal excitation. It also includes a monitoring unit for monitoring and collecting data.

[0007] Furthermore, the water level control unit includes a water level observation pipe inserted vertically inside the natural sand body, the top of the water level observation pipe being flush with the box body, and a water supply pipe installed at the top of the water level observation pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the loading unit includes a reaction frame fixedly installed on the top wall of the box body, a pressure plate is installed at the top of the slope, and a force-applying structure is installed between the pressure plate and the reaction frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the earthquake simulation unit includes a support frame located at the side end of the box, a concrete reaction wall is provided at the side end of the support frame away from the box, a number of horizontally arranged high-strength connecting rods are connected between the support frame and the concrete reaction wall, and a servo actuator is installed between the support frame and the box. The base of the servo actuator is mounted on the side of the support frame via a hinged support, and the piston rod of the servo actuator is mounted on the side of the housing via a hinged joint.

[0010] Furthermore, the earthquake simulation unit consists of two mirror-image units, located at the left and right ends of the housing, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the sliding unit includes a support base plate fixedly connected between the left and right support frames, and a plurality of rolling bearings arranged in N rows and N columns are provided between the support base plate and the housing, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0012] Furthermore, mounting plates are fixedly connected to both the front and rear ends of the support base plate, and multiple shafts are fixedly connected between the two mounting plates. The inner ring of the rolling bearing is fixedly connected to the shafts, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing is in rolling contact with the outer bottom wall of the housing.

[0013] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes a displacement sensor mounted on the servo actuator base, a load sensor mounted on the piston rod of the servo actuator, and multiple earth pressure cells and fiber optic sensors installed inside the slope.

[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring unit also includes a data acquisition instrument and multiple 10mm*10mm measuring scales engraved on the surface of the housing. The displacement sensor, load sensor, earth pressure cell, and fiber optic sensor are all electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument.

[0015] Furthermore, the force-applying structure is a digital display jack.

[0016] The present invention has a reasonable and reliable structural design and achieves the following objectives; 1. A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for rock and soil slopes, which injects water into the sand body and slope through a water level control unit, and increases the water content to saturation by relying on the water conductivity of the natural sand body. Under the continuous water injection, a directional infiltration field from the natural sand body to the slope is constructed, thereby accurately controlling the formation and rise height of the groundwater level inside the slope, and finally achieving the control of the slope water level height.

[0017] 2. A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for rock and soil slopes, which uses a reaction frame fixedly installed on the top wall of the box as the support end, and uses a force application mechanism to apply a controllable vertical load to the pad plate to achieve control of the magnitude of the overload force on the upper part of the slope.

[0018] 3. A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for soil and rock slopes, which converts the hydraulic control signal of the electro-hydraulic servo valve into the axial reciprocating motion of the piston rod through a servo actuator, applies seismic wave load to the slope through a hinged joint, and realizes the connection between the servo actuator and the housing by relying on the hinged support, so that the servo actuator is fixed to the support frame as a whole, and the support frame is rigidly connected to the concrete reaction wall through a high-strength connecting rod, forming a layered anti-reaction topology structure, so that all the reaction force generated by the seismic excitation is ultimately transmitted to the concrete reaction wall, and finally realizes the simulation of the impact of the slope encountering seismic action at different loading speeds.

[0019] 4. A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for rock and soil slopes, which reduces the friction during the reciprocating motion of the box by using rolling bearings to form a low-friction linear movement structure and realize low-resistance displacement of the box under horizontal excitation.

[0020] 5. A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for soil and rock slopes, wherein a displacement sensor is integrated on a servo actuator to monitor the stroke in real time, a load sensor monitors and calibrates the output force value in real time, and an earth pressure cell and fiber optic sensor are used to monitor and record data of multi-field coupled effects in real time. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rolling bearing in this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator in this invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-box body, 2-slope, 3-natural sand body, 4-water level observation pipe, 5-reaction frame, 6-pressure pad, 7-support frame, 8-concrete reaction wall, 9-high-strength connecting rod, 10-servo actuator, 11-hinge support, 12-piston rod, 13-hinge joint, 14-support base plate, 15-mounting plate, 16-rolling bearing, 17-shaft, 18-displacement sensor, 19-load sensor, 20-soil pressure cell, 21-fiber optic sensor, 22-data acquisition instrument, 23-digital display jack. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "inner side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] A multi-field coupled failure simulation test device for soil and rock slopes, as shown in the attached document. Figure 1 ~Appendix Figure 3 As shown; it includes a box body 1, inside which a slope 2 is installed, inside which natural sand 3 is filled, and inside which a water level control unit is installed to construct a directional seepage field from the natural sand 3 to the slope 2, thereby controlling the formation and uplift height of groundwater inside the slope 2; a loading unit is installed between the top of the slope 2 and the inner top wall of the box body 1 to apply a real-time controllable axial load; a seismic simulation unit is installed on the side of the box body 1 to apply a phase-adjustable horizontal reciprocating seismic load; and a sliding unit is installed at the bottom of the box body 1 to achieve low-resistance displacement of the box body 1 under horizontal excitation. It also includes a monitoring unit for monitoring and collecting data.

[0028] In this invention, the slope 2 instability and failure under the coupled effects of multiple factors such as earthquake, water level change, and overload is simulated by a water level control unit, a loading unit, an earthquake simulation unit, and a sliding unit, and the data is monitored and recorded in real time by a monitoring unit.

[0029] The water level control unit includes a water level observation pipe 4 vertically inserted inside the natural sand body 3. The top of the water level observation pipe 4 is flush with the box body 1, and a water supply pipe is installed at the top of the water level observation pipe 4.

[0030] In this invention, water is injected into the natural sand body 3 and the slope 2 through a water level control unit. The water content is increased to saturation by relying on the water-conducting properties of the natural sand body 3. Under the continuous water injection, a directional infiltration field is constructed from the natural sand body 3 to the slope 2, thereby accurately controlling the formation and rise of the groundwater level inside the slope 2, and finally achieving the control of the water level height of the slope 2.

[0031] As attached Figure 1 As shown; the loading unit includes a reaction frame 5 fixedly installed on the top wall of the box 1, a pressure plate 6 is installed at the top of the slope 2, and a force-applying structure is installed between the pressure plate 6 and the reaction frame 5.

[0032] In this invention, the reaction frame 5, which is fixedly installed on the top wall of the box 1, serves as the support end, and a controllable vertical load is applied to the pad plate 6 by the force application mechanism, thereby controlling the magnitude of the overload force on the upper part of the slope 2.

[0033] As attached Figure 1 As shown; the earthquake simulation unit includes a support frame 7 located at the side end of the box 1, a concrete reaction wall 8 is provided at the side end of the support frame 7 away from the box 1, a number of horizontally arranged high-strength connecting rods 9 are connected between the support frame 7 and the concrete reaction wall 8, and a servo actuator 10 is installed between the support frame 7 and the box 1. As attached Figure 1 As shown; the base of the servo actuator 10 is mounted on the side of the support frame 7 via the hinge support 11, and the piston rod 12 of the servo actuator 10 is mounted on the side of the housing 1 via the hinge joint 13.

[0034] The earthquake simulation unit consists of two mirror-image units, located at the left and right ends of the housing 1, respectively.

[0035] In this invention, the hydraulic control signal of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is converted into the axial reciprocating motion of the piston rod 12 by the servo actuator 10. Seismic wave load is applied to the slope 2 through the hinge joint 13. The servo actuator 10 is connected to the housing 1 by the hinge support 11, so that the servo actuator 10 is fixed to the support frame 7 as a whole. The support frame 7 is rigidly connected to the concrete reaction wall 8 through the high-strength connecting rod 9, forming a layered anti-reaction topology structure. This allows all the reaction force generated by the seismic excitation to be transmitted to the concrete reaction wall 8. Finally, the loading speed of different frequencies simulates the effect of the seismic action on the slope 2.

[0036] As attached Figure 1 As shown; the sliding unit includes a support base plate 14 fixedly connected between the left and right support frames 7, and a plurality of rolling bearings 16 arranged in N rows and N columns are provided between the support base plate 14 and the housing 1, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0037] Mounting plates 15 are fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the support base plate 14. Multiple shafts 17 are fixedly connected between the two mounting plates 15. The inner ring of the rolling bearing 16 is fixedly connected to the shafts 17, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing 16 is in rolling contact with the outer bottom wall of the housing 1.

[0038] In this invention, the rolling bearing 16 is used to reduce the friction during the reciprocating motion of the housing 1, forming a low-friction linear movement structure, thereby achieving low-resistance displacement of the housing 1 under horizontal excitation.

[0039] The base plate 14 provides mounting space for the rolling bearing 16, and the mounting plate 15 provides mounting space for the shaft 17.

[0040] As attached Figure 1 Appendix Figure 3 As shown; the monitoring unit includes a displacement sensor 18 mounted on the base of the servo actuator 10, and a load sensor 19 mounted on the piston rod 12 of the servo actuator 10; multiple earth pressure cells 20 and fiber optic sensors 21 are installed inside the slope 2.

[0041] In this invention, the displacement sensor 18 is integrated on the servo actuator 10 to monitor the stroke in real time, the load sensor 19 monitors and calibrates the output force value in real time, and the earth pressure cell 20 and the fiber optic sensor 21 can monitor and record data of multi-field coupling in real time.

[0042] The monitoring unit also includes a data acquisition unit 22 and multiple 10cm*10cm measuring scales engraved on the surface of the housing 1. The displacement sensor 18, load sensor 19, earth pressure cell 20, and fiber optic sensor 21 are all electrically connected to the data acquisition unit 22. The measuring scales can serve as a visual reference for accurately locating the deformation of the slope 2.

[0043] The force-applying structure is a digital display jack 23.

[0044] The working principle of this invention; 1. The realization of water level control involves a three-stage linkage process: During the rapid infiltration period, water is injected into the pores of the natural sand body 3 through the water level observation pipe 4. The initial high water conductivity of the natural sand body 3 triggers an exponential decay in the water injection rate. When the saturation of the natural sand body 3 is ≥95%, it enters the capillary saturation period. The capillary action of the pores causes the water injection resistance to increase exponentially, at which point a low-speed water injection mode will be maintained. Finally, during the directional seepage period, the continuous water pressure potential energy drives the pore water to migrate directionally along the hydraulic gradient vector of the natural sand body 3 to the slope 2, forming a steady groundwater level in the slope 2.

[0045] The slope loading is achieved through coordinated execution at three ends: the loading end is rigidly supported by the reaction frame 5, which drives the force-applying structure to apply a stepped load with a step amplitude to the top surface of the slope 2 via the pad plate 6 and maintains stable pressure for 120s; the crack propagation path and branching morphology on the surface of the slope 2 are simultaneously observed and captured in real time through the transparent side wall of the box 1; finally, the stress failure characteristics of the earth pressure cell 20 and the curvature change point of the fiber optic sensor 21 are integrated to calibrate the critical time t for the formation of the overall slip surface of the slope 2.

[0046] Earthquake simulation is achieved by installing a linearly sliding rolling bearing 16 at the bottom of the housing 1. This rolling bearing 16 consists of a coaxially nested outer ring, an inner ring, and circumferentially distributed rollers between them, providing the housing 1 with low-resistance axial displacement freedom through rolling friction. The seismic action is simulated by servo actuators 10 installed on the left and right ends of the housing 1. The electro-hydraulic servo valve on the servo actuator 10 converts the hydraulic control signal into the reciprocating motion of the piston rod 12, which transmits power through the hinge joint 13. At the same time, the servo actuator 10 integrates a displacement sensor 18 to monitor the stroke in real time, a load sensor 19 to calibrate the output force value, and is fixedly connected to the housing 1 by the hinge support 11. Finally, the servo actuator 10 is rigidly anchored to the main body of the support frame 7, and the support frame 7 is rigidly connected to the concrete reaction wall 8 through a high-strength connecting rod 9, so that the reaction force of all applied loads is dissipated to the concrete reaction wall 8 structure.

[0047] In the specific implementation process, the box body 1 is a rectangular frame welded from angle steel. The length, width and height of the box body 1 are 2m*0.8m*1.5m respectively. One side of the box body 1 is made of transparent tempered glass, and the other sides and bottom are made of steel plates with a thickness of 12mm.

[0048] A water supply pipe is installed at the top of the water level observation pipe 4, which can directly add water to the water supply pipe. Alternatively, a water supply tank can be connected to the other end of the water supply pipe. A water pump and valve are installed on the water supply pipe, and water is supplied by the water supply tank and the water pump.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the multi-field coupling failure of a geotechnical slope, characterized in that: The utility model provides a slope model test device, including box (1), the inside installation of box (1) is with the slope (2), the inside filling of slope (2) is with natural sand body (3), the inside installation of natural sand body (3) is with water level control unit, to construct by natural sand body (3) to the directional seepage field of slope (2), to control the formation and uplift height of underground water in the inside of slope (2);The top of slope (2) is installed with loading unit between the inner top wall of box (1), to exert real -time controllable axial load;The side end of box (1) is installed with earthquake simulation unit, to exert the horizontal reciprocating seismic load of phase adjustable;The bottom of box (1) is installed with sliding unit, to realize the low resistance displacement of box (1) under horizontal excitation; It also includes a monitoring unit for monitoring and collecting data. 2.The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level control unit includes a water level observation tube (4) vertically inserted into the natural sand body (3), the top of the water level observation tube (4) is flush with the box (1), and the top of the water level observation tube (4) is provided with a water supply pipe. 3.The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading unit includes a counterforce frame (5) fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the box (1), the top of the slope (2) is provided with a cushioning plate (6), and the cushioning plate (6) is installed between the counterforce frame (5).

4. The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthquake simulation unit includes a support frame (7) located at the side end of the box (1), a concrete counterforce wall (8) is provided at the side end of the support frame (7) away from the box (1), a plurality of high-strength connecting rods (9) are connected between the support frame (7) and the concrete counterforce wall (8), and a servo actuator (10) is installed between the support frame (7) and the box (1). The base of the servo actuator (10) is installed at the side end of the support frame (7) through a hinged support (11), and the piston rod (12) of the servo actuator (10) is installed at the side end of the box (1) through a hinged joint (13).

5. The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The earthquake simulation unit is mirror image arranged two, and respectively located at the left side end and the right side end of the box (1). 6.The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sliding unit includes a support bottom plate (14) fixedly connected between the left and right support frames (7), a plurality of rolling bearings (16) arranged in N rows and N columns are provided between the support bottom plate (14) and the box (1), and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

7. The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front end and the rear end of the support bottom plate (14) are fixedly connected with mounting plates (15), a plurality of shaft rods (17) are fixedly connected between the two mounting plates (15), the inner ring of the rolling bearing (16) is fixedly connected with the shaft rod (17), and the outer ring of the rolling bearing (16) is in rolling contact with the outer bottom wall of the box (1). 8.The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes a displacement sensor (18) installed on the base of the servo actuator (10), and a load sensor (19) installed on the piston rod (12) of the servo actuator (10); a plurality of soil pressure cells (20) and optical fiber sensors (21) are installed in the slope (2). 9.The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The monitoring unit further comprises a data acquisition instrument (22) and a plurality of metering scale grids with a size of 10mm*10mm engraved on the surface of the box (1), and the displacement sensor (18), the load sensor (19), the earth pressure cell (20) and the optical fiber sensor (21) are electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument (22).

10. The rock-soil slope multi-field coupling failure simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The force applying structure is a digital display jack (23).

Images