Household energy storage system with arc discharge protection

Abstract

The invention discloses a household energy storage system with an arc discharge protection function, and relates to the technical field of energy storage, the household energy storage system comprises a main control module and at least one arc discharge sensor, the at least one arc discharge sensor is connected to the main control module, the at least one arc discharge sensor is used for detecting arc discharge in the energy storage system, and the main control module is connected with the at least one arc discharge sensor. And the main control module is used for triggering an arc discharge protection action under the condition that the at least one arc discharge sensor detects arc discharge. The invention aims to realize rapid and accurate detection of arc discharge in a household energy storage system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a household energy storage system with arc protection. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of global energy transformation, photovoltaic systems and energy storage systems have become important solutions for energy management because they can optimize electricity costs, improve power supply reliability, and support renewable energy consumption. However, household energy storage systems involve multiple links such as battery packs, inverters, power distribution lines, and load interfaces. There are risks such as poor contact, insulation aging, and load mutation in the operating environment, as well as risks such as line aging, insulation failure, and island effect. Arc faults, as a typical hidden danger threatening system safety, have become one of the core hidden dangers threatening system safety. Many photovoltaic arc fire accidents have occurred. In related technologies, conventional protections such as fuses and air switches are often used for overcurrent and overvoltage protection. However, arc faults are characterized by instantaneousness, high-frequency oscillation, and energy dispersion, making it difficult for conventional protections to quickly identify the faults, which may lead to misjudgment or missed judgment. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a household energy storage system with arc protection, which aims to quickly and accurately detect arcs in the household energy storage system.

[0004] The present application provides a household energy storage system with arc protection, which includes a main control module and at least one arc sensor. The at least one arc sensor is connected to the main control module, and is used to detect arcs in the household energy storage system. The main control module is used to trigger arc protection actions when the at least one arc sensor detects arcs.

[0005] According to the technical scheme of the present application, the following advantages are achieved: according to the electrical characteristics and size of the household energy storage system, one or more arc sensors are included in the household energy storage system, each arc sensor is arranged at a different key node in the household energy storage system, and can detect arcs that may occur in the household energy storage system. Compared with conventional protections such as overcurrent and overvoltage protection, the present application can quickly and accurately detect arcs. From the first tiny arc, the user can be detected and reminded. Different arc energies trigger different early warning mechanisms. Moreover, all arc sensors are connected to the main control module. No matter which arc sensor detects an arc, the main control module can trigger arc protection actions to ensure the safe operation of the household energy storage system.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present application, the at least one battery module further comprises at least one battery pack, and the position of the arc sensing device further comprises a circuit connected to a port of the at least one battery pack.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the at least one battery module further comprises at least one battery pack, and the position of the arc sensing device further comprises a circuit connected to a port of the at least one battery pack.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, the at least one battery module further comprises at least one battery pack, and the position of the arc sensing device further comprises a circuit connected to a port of the at least one battery pack.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the position of the arc sensing device further comprises a connection tab of the at least one battery pack.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the home energy storage system further comprises an inverter, and the position of the arc sensing device further comprises a circuit connected to a neutral line of an AC power input of the inverter, a circuit connected to a hot line of the AC power input of the inverter, a circuit connected to a neutral line of an AC power output of the inverter, a circuit connected to a hot line of the AC power output of the inverter, a circuit connected to a ground line of the AC power output of the inverter, a circuit connected to a positive pole of a PV power input of the inverter, and a circuit connected to a negative pole of the PV power input of the inverter.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the at least one battery module further comprises a battery management system, and the arc protection action further comprises cutting off a charging loop of the at least one battery module by the battery management system, and stopping the home energy storage system from working and outputting.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the arc protection action further comprises controlling the inverter to stop PWM modulation, so as to cut off an output of the home energy storage system to a load or a power grid.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the arc protection action further comprises controlling the inverter to stop running, and controlling the inverter to cut off an input by a direct current side fuse or an electronic switch.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the master control module responds to a situation that the at least one arc sensing device detects an arc by an interrupt program.

[0015] Additional features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the technical scheme of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the technical scheme of the present application together with the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical scheme of the present application.

[0017] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. Figure 1 is a structural schematic block diagram of a household energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a setting position of an arc drawing sensor provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a setting position of an arc drawing sensor provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a setting position of an arc drawing sensor provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a setting position of an arc drawing sensor provided by another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present application in detail, and the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, and the role of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification, so that people can intuitively and visually understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the present application, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0020] In the description of the present application, the meaning of several is one or more, and the meaning of multiple is more than two, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood as not including the number, and above, below, etc. are understood as including the number. If it is described as first, second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the sequence of indicated technical features In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be broadly understood, and the person skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical scheme.

[0021] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0022] As Figure 1 shown, Figure 1 is a structural schematic block diagram of a home energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present application, the home energy storage system comprising a master control module and at least one arc drawing sensor, the at least one arc drawing sensor being connected to the master control module, the at least one arc drawing sensor being used to detect an arc drawing in the home energy storage system, and the master control module being used to trigger an arc drawing protection action in the case that the at least one arc drawing sensor detects an arc drawing.

[0023] Illustratively, the home energy storage system comprises the master control module and the at least one arc drawing sensor, and in addition, can also comprise a battery, a battery management system, a converter, etc., wherein the converter is used to realize bidirectional conversion of direct current and alternating current, and ensure compatibility of the home energy storage system with a power grid or a load; and the battery management system is used to monitor a battery state, including voltage, temperature, SOC, etc.

[0024] Illustratively, the arc drawing sensor is used to detect an arc fault in the home energy storage system, the arc fault being a high impedance discharge phenomenon caused by broken wires, loose connections, deteriorated insulation, or other electrical problems, and can produce a high-temperature spark, causing a fire or equipment damage. The arc drawing sensor can identify arc characteristics by monitoring various parameter characteristics such as high-frequency noise, irregular waveforms, transient changes, etc. of current and voltage.

[0025] Illustratively, the arc drawing sensor can be installed inside a battery pack and a connection end in the home energy storage system, including high-voltage connection points between battery modules, bus bars, or wiring terminals, which can cause poor contact due to vibration or corrosion, and produce series arcs; can be installed in a direct current combiner box in the home energy storage system, including direct current combiner locations of photovoltaic or energy storage batteries, which can easily heat or oxidize due to the collection of multiple current paths, causing parallel arcs; can be installed at input / output ends of a converter in the home energy storage system, including direct current sides and alternating current sides of the converter; can be installed at circuit breakers and switch cabinets in the home energy storage system, including contacts of high-voltage direct current contactors or circuit breakers; can be installed at cables and junction boxes in the home energy storage system; can be installed at battery management system monitoring points in the home energy storage system, including voltage sampling lines or balancing circuits of the BMS; can be installed inside an energy storage container or cabinet in the home energy storage system; and can be installed at maintenance and repair interfaces in the home energy storage system, including frequently operated areas (battery replacement ports, test ports), etc.

[0026] Illustratively, according to electrical characteristics and size of the home energy storage system, one arc drawing sensor or multiple arc drawing sensors can be provided in the home energy storage system, that is, arc drawing sensor configuration of the home energy storage system needs to comprehensively consider electrical characteristics, system size, and safety standards, etc.

[0027] For example, a home energy storage system typically includes a high-voltage DC side (battery pack, PCS input) and an AC side (PCS output, grid connection). The arc characteristics of the two are different. On the DC side, since DC arcs have no zero-crossing point and are difficult to extinguish naturally, arc sensors need to be configured. Arc sensors also need to be configured at key nodes such as the positive and negative busbars of the battery pack, combiner boxes, and DC circuit breakers to cover all series / parallel paths. If the system voltage is ≥600V, sensors need to be arranged in layers inside each battery pack. On the AC side, AC arcs are easy to detect, but arc sensors also need to be configured at the PCS output and inside the AC distribution cabinet.

[0028] For example, for small-scale residential and commercial energy storage, only 1 to 2 sensors are needed to cover the total output of the battery pack and the DC input side of the PCS. Alternatively, multiple arc sensors can be networked, with independent sensors installed at the junction point of each battery cluster and on the DC side of the PCS, and the data can be centrally analyzed through the main control module.

[0029] For example, the main control module is used to trigger arc protection action when at least one arc sensor detects an arc. Here, the main control module, as the central decision-making unit of the home energy storage system, undertakes the entire process control function from signal identification to protection execution in arc protection. When at least one arc sensor detects an abnormal arc signal, the response of the main control module is not a simple one-way trigger, but a process that integrates real-time analysis, multi-level verification, and rapid response. The arcing sensor continuously monitors the electrical characteristics of the target area. When a suspected arcing signal is detected, it sends raw data to the main control module via hardwire or communication bus (CAN, RS-485). The main control module first performs signal preprocessing, including: filtering out normal interference such as system switching operations and inverter PWM modulation through noise filtering; comparing the signal amplitude with a preset arcing feature library through threshold comparison to eliminate the possibility of false alarms; subsequently, to avoid misjudgment by a single sensor, the main control module can perform multi-source data fusion analysis. That is, if multiple sensors in the same electrical circuit report anomalies at the same time, the reliability is greatly improved, and the signal duration is continuously monitored to determine whether an arc has occurred; in addition, after confirming that it is a real arc, the main control module dynamically selects protection actions based on the arcing location and system operating status. For example, a level one warning only records the event and triggers an audible and visual alarm, allowing maintenance personnel to intervene remotely; a level two emergency immediately disconnects the corresponding branch DC contactor and links the PCS to stop.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the home energy storage system further includes at least one battery module, and the arcing sensor is located in a circuit connected to a port in at least one battery module.

[0031] In this embodiment, the battery module is the energy storage unit of the home energy storage system, including multiple battery cells, as well as necessary structural frames, electrical connectors, etc.

[0032] For example, the location of the arcing sensor includes at least one circuit connected to a port in a battery module. Here, the port of the battery module refers to its electrical interface for connecting to an external system, including high-voltage positive and negative ports for series connection between modules to transmit the main discharge current; communication / sampling ports for connecting the voltage and temperature acquisition harness of the BMS; equalization circuit ports for the wiring terminals of passive or active equalization modules, etc.

[0033] For example, the circuit connected to the port of the arcing sensor may include power circuits, auxiliary circuits, etc. The arcing sensor can be set at any position in these circuits, for example, it can be set at the positive and negative output terminals of the battery module, at the voltage sampling line of the battery management system, at the temperature sensor interface of the battery management system, at the passive equalization resistor interface, etc.

[0034] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arcing sensor placement according to another embodiment of this application. The battery module includes a battery cell and a battery management system. The arcing sensor can be placed at any position in these circuits. For example, it can be placed in the positive electrode circuit of the battery cell, in the negative electrode circuit of the battery cell, in both the positive and negative electrode circuits of the battery cell, in the positive electrode circuit of the battery management system, in the negative electrode circuit of the battery management system, etc.

[0035] For example, by setting an arcing sensor at the battery module port connection circuit, since the port is a concentrated area of ​​mechanical stress and chemical corrosion, the arcing sensor can detect microsecond-level arcs in the first instance, which is faster than global monitoring. In a multi-module system, setting a sensor at the port can accurately locate the faulty module and avoid the entire machine from shutting down.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the home energy storage system includes a battery module comprising at least one battery pack, and the location of the arcing sensor also includes a connection circuit for the port of at least one battery pack.

[0037] In this embodiment, battery packs and battery modules are battery integration units at different levels in a home energy storage system. A battery pack is a fully functional energy storage unit capable of independent charging and discharging. A battery module is a higher-level integration unit, comprising one or more battery packs. A battery pack can integrate basic functions such as cell voltage acquisition and temperature monitoring, but it lacks complex energy management capabilities. Battery modules, on the other hand, achieve advanced functions such as inter-pack balancing and fault isolation through a module-level BMS.

[0038] For example, the location of the arcing sensor also includes a connection circuit for at least one battery pack port. Here, the battery pack port refers to the electrical node connecting the battery pack to the outside, including a high-voltage output port, i.e., the positive and negative main power interface, which is usually connected to the module bus using a copper busbar or high-voltage connector; and a low-voltage communication port, which is a communication interface for BMS signal transmission.

[0039] For example, the connection circuit of the battery pack port may include the main power circuit, a DC circuit for carrying the battery pack discharge current, and a high-energy series arc may be generated if the connector is loose; it may also include some auxiliary circuits, such as BMS daisy-chain communication lines, etc., and insulation damage may cause a short-circuit arc to ground.

[0040] For example, by setting up an arcing sensor in the circuit connected to the battery pack port, the fault tracing granularity is finer compared to module-level monitoring only. When multiple battery packs are connected in parallel within a module, the pack-level arcing sensor can accurately locate the specific faulty pack, avoiding the need to disconnect the entire module. Furthermore, the arc energy at the pack port is usually 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that at the module level (due to the shorter current path), and the arcing sensor can provide early warning before the arc energy accumulates to a smaller value.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the home energy storage system includes a battery pack comprising at least one battery cell, and the location of the arcing sensor also includes a circuit for connecting the port of at least one battery cell.

[0042] In this embodiment, the battery cell is the most basic energy storage unit in a home energy storage system. That is, the battery cell is a single rechargeable battery unit, such as the common 18650 lithium-ion battery cell or square lithium iron phosphate battery cell. These cells are combined in series and parallel to form a battery pack with higher voltage or larger capacity. Multiple battery packs are then integrated through electrical and mechanical means to form a battery module. The battery pack integrates the battery cells and provides the necessary structural support and primary protection.

[0043] For example, the arcing sensor placement also includes the connection circuitry of at least one cell port. This means the arcing sensor's coverage extends to the cell-level electrical connection nodes, deploying the sensor on the positive and negative terminals of the cell and their connection circuitry. The cell ports include the metal tabs or solder joints of their positive and negative electrodes, which are connected to other cells or internal circuitry of the battery pack via connecting tabs. Since the cell ports are the most fundamental path for current flow, any loose connections, corrosion, or welding defects can generate localized arcs under high current, especially under dynamic loads or vibration environments. For instance, poor welding between the cell tabs and connecting tabs can increase contact resistance, generating high temperatures and initiating micro-arcs during charging and discharging. Although these arcs have low energy, long-term accumulation can lead to thermal runaway. Therefore, placing arcing sensors in the circuitry connected to the cell ports can capture these early fault signals, preventing them from evolving into more serious system problems.

[0044] The port connection circuit of the battery cell can include a series connection circuit, which connects the positive and negative terminals of multiple battery cells in series through connecting tabs to increase the total voltage. This type of circuit is prone to series arcing due to fatigue or corrosion of the solder joints under high current. It can also include a parallel connection circuit, which connects the same polarity tabs of multiple battery cells in parallel to increase the total capacity. If the internal resistance of a battery cell is abnormal in a parallel circuit, it may cause uneven current distribution, leading to local overheating and arcing. It can also include a sampling circuit. For example, the BMS voltage acquisition line is connected to the battery cell tabs through a thin wire. If the insulation is damaged, it may cause a short circuit arc to ground.

[0045] For example, when multiple cells are connected in series within a module, a cell-level arcing sensor can directly locate the specific faulty cell, avoiding blindly replacing the entire battery pack, reducing the cost of replacing the faulty cell, and cell-level arcing is often a precursor signal of thermal runaway, so early intervention can prevent a chain reaction.

[0046] In some embodiments of the home energy storage system provided in this application, the location of the arcing sensor also includes the cell connecting piece in the battery pack.

[0047] In this embodiment, the arcing sensor is also positioned within the cell connecting tabs of the battery pack. This means the arcing sensor needs to be deployed further into the cell-to-cell connection structure inside the battery pack, specifically monitoring the metal connecting tabs between cells. The cell connecting tabs are components within the battery pack that enable series and parallel connections between cells. They are made of nickel strips, copper busbars, or aluminum and are fixed to the cell tabs via laser welding or bolts, connecting the electrical circuits of multiple cells into a complete battery pack circuit.

[0048] Because the connecting piece directly bears the large current transmission between battery cells, poor welding, mechanical vibration causing loosening, or material corrosion can create high-resistance points on the contact surface. During charging and discharging, this can generate localized high temperatures and trigger arc discharge. This arc typically manifests as a transient spark or a continuous discharge. Although its energy is lower than that of a system-level arc, because it occurs in a densely populated area of ​​battery cells, it can easily ignite adjacent flammable materials, leading to a chain reaction of thermal runaway. Therefore, placing an arc sensor at the connecting piece location can capture microscopic discharge phenomena that traditional module-level monitoring cannot detect.

[0049] In this embodiment, the cell connecting piece may include series connecting piece, parallel connecting piece, flexible connecting piece, etc.

[0050] For example, an arcing sensor can be installed at the cell connector. The arcing sensor at the connector level can be directly linked with the fuse inside the battery pack to achieve microsecond-level action.

[0051] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the placement of an arcing sensor provided in another embodiment of this application. The battery pack includes multiple battery cells, and the arcing sensor can be placed at any position in the connecting circuit of the connecting piece (connecting piece) between these battery cells.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, the home energy storage system further includes an inverter. The arcing sensor is installed at the neutral wire of the AC power input terminal, the live wire of the AC power input terminal, the neutral wire of the AC power output terminal, the live wire of the AC power output terminal, the ground wire of the AC power output terminal, the circuit connected to the positive terminal of the PV power input terminal, and the circuit connected to the negative terminal of the PV power input terminal.

[0053] In this embodiment, the home energy storage system also includes an inverter. The arcing sensor is installed in the wiring connected to the inverter's port. In other words, the arcing sensor needs to cover the inverter's electrical interface and its connecting cables. As the inverter is a key device for AC-DC conversion, loosening, aging, or insulation damage at the wiring connection points at its port can cause dangerous arcing.

[0054] Specifically, inverters need to handle high-power energy conversion during operation. The DC side may carry high voltage and current, while the AC side involves high-frequency switching processes. These characteristics make their electrical connection points high-risk areas for arcing faults. For example, the DC input terminals of a photovoltaic inverter cracked due to long-term outdoor exposure. Rainwater seeped in and caused terminal corrosion, resulting in intermittent arcing during full-power operation, which eventually burned out the junction box. Therefore, installing arcing sensors at the wires connected to the inverter ports can monitor abnormal discharge phenomena at these critical nodes in real time and trigger protection actions before a fire risk develops.

[0055] For example, the inverter's ports may include a DC input port for connecting the positive and negative cables of the battery pack or photovoltaic array; an AC output port for connecting the AC cable of the power grid or load (due to the inverter's high-frequency switching characteristics, its PWM output contains abundant harmonic components, which may accelerate cable insulation aging); and an auxiliary power supply port, etc. The connecting wires of these ports face mechanical stress, thermal cycling, and chemical corrosion during long-term operation, resulting in a persistent risk of electric arcing.

[0056] For example, an arcing sensor can be installed at the wires connected to the inverter port. Since the inverter IGBT switching process generates inherent high-frequency noise, the arcing sensor can effectively distinguish between normal switching noise and dangerous arcs through characteristic frequency band identification, thereby determining the true arcing situation.

[0057] For example, the arc on the DC side of the inverter has no zero-crossing point and is difficult to extinguish, while the arc on the AC side has a periodic extinguishing-reignition characteristic. Therefore, the arc sensor supports multi-mode detection, using current derivative detection on the DC side and harmonic content analysis on the AC side.

[0058] refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the arc sensor according to another embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the placement of an arcing sensor according to another embodiment of this application. The inverter ports include an AC power input terminal, an AC power output terminal, and a PV power input terminal. The arcing sensor can be placed at any position in the circuits connected to these ports. For example, it can be placed on the live wire of the AC power input terminal, on the neutral wire of the AC power input terminal, on both the live and neutral wires of the AC power input terminal, on the live wire of the AC power output terminal, on the neutral wire of the AC power output terminal, on the ground wire of the AC power output terminal, on the live, neutral, and ground wires of the AC power output terminal, on the circuit connected to the positive port of the PV power input terminal, on the circuit connected to the negative port of the PV power input terminal, or on the circuit connected to both the positive and negative ports of the PV power input terminal, etc.

[0059] In some embodiments of the home energy storage system provided in this application, the battery module also includes a battery management system. The arcing protection action includes cutting off the charging circuit of the battery module through the battery management system, stopping the operation and output of the home energy storage system, and cutting off the circuit connection between the battery module and the inverter.

[0060] In one embodiment, the home energy storage system also includes a converter, which serves as an energy exchange hub between the home energy storage system and the power grid. The converter is used to complete the bidirectional conversion between the DC power of the battery pack and the AC power of the grid. That is, in charging mode, it rectifies the AC power of the grid into DC power adapted to the battery voltage, and in discharging mode, it inverts the DC power of the battery into AC power synchronized with the grid. Through power regulation algorithms, it realizes grid service functions such as reactive power compensation and frequency support. The battery management system can accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the battery by monitoring the voltage, temperature and internal resistance of each cell in real time. It eliminates the inconsistency between cells through active or passive balancing technology and triggers graded protection under abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, and overtemperature.

[0061] For example, when the main control module triggers arc protection, cutting off the charging circuit via the BMS can immediately block energy input. This is particularly crucial for suppressing series arcs, as series arcs are usually caused by poor connections during charging. Timely cessation of charging prevents the continuous accumulation of heat at the fault point. Secondly, disconnecting the inverter connection achieves dual isolation of the energy path, preventing the battery pack from continuing to discharge to the fault point and avoiding the risk of reverse power feed from the inverter side. Thus, when a short circuit occurs on the high-voltage DC bus between the battery pack and the inverter, the dual-action protection ensures that the fault current is completely cut off.

[0062] In some embodiments of the home energy storage system provided in this application, the arcing protection action includes controlling the inverter to stop PWM modulation, thereby cutting off the output of the home energy storage system to the load or the power grid, and disconnecting the AC circuit breaker.

[0063] In one embodiment, the home energy storage system also includes an AC circuit breaker, which is a protection device on the AC side of the home energy storage system for fault isolation and safe disconnection. In the architecture of the home energy storage system, the AC circuit breaker is installed between the inverter's AC output and the grid / load. When the system detects an overcurrent or short-circuit current, the circuit breaker can physically disconnect the circuit to prevent equipment damage and provide a visible electrical isolation point during system maintenance, ensuring the safety of maintenance personnel.

[0064] When the arcing sensor triggers protection, stopping PWM modulation is the fastest protection measure. This is achieved by immediately shutting down all IGBT drive signals, cutting off AC power output, and suppressing arcing caused by high-frequency switching. However, the energy stored in the inverter's DC bus capacitors may still be released through anti-parallel diodes, and in some fault modes, IGBTs may break down, causing electronic protection to fail. In these situations, the AC circuit breaker becomes crucial as backup protection, ensuring absolute electrical isolation through physical contact separation, especially for severe faults such as continuous arcing or insulation breakdown. Therefore, the time difference between the two protection mechanisms ensures both speed and reliability.

[0065] In some embodiments of the home energy storage system provided in this application, the arcing protection action also includes controlling the inverter to stop operating and controlling the inverter to cut off the input through a DC-side fuse or electronic switch.

[0066] Understandably, the simultaneous execution of dual protection actions—inverter shutdown and DC-side disconnection—constitutes a comprehensive fault isolation system covering both the AC and DC sides. Here, inverter shutdown immediately terminates AC-side energy output, effectively eliminating the risk of high-frequency arcing caused by PWM modulation and suppressing arcing caused by internal power device failures by rapidly shutting down all IGBT drive signals. DC-side fuse or electronic switch disconnection provides more thorough fault isolation, especially against the risk of continuous battery discharge to the fault point. While DC fuses are slightly slower to operate, they possess absolute physical isolation characteristics and strong breaking capacity, reliably cutting off all fault currents, including short-circuit currents. Solid-state electronic switches, although more expensive, can complete disconnection in a short time.

[0067] In some embodiments of the home energy storage system provided in this application, the main control module responds to the detection of arcing by at least one arcing sensor via an interrupt procedure.

[0068] In this embodiment, the main control module responds to the detection of arcing by at least one arcing sensor via an interrupt routine. This interrupt response mechanism differs from conventional polling detection; it immediately suspends any tasks currently being executed by the main control module through hardware-level signal triggering, directly jumping to a preset high-priority interrupt service routine to handle the arcing event. This reduces the response delay for arcing protection from milliseconds to microseconds. Specifically, when an arcing sensor detects an arc signal matching preset characteristics, it sends an interrupt request to the main control module via a dedicated hardware interrupt line, bypassing the operating system's task scheduling queue. This ensures that the protection process can be initiated in a very short time, even if the main control module is handling other high-load operations. This rapid response is particularly crucial for suppressing DC-side arcs, because a DC arc, even without crossing zero and lasting only milliseconds, can accumulate enough energy to ignite materials.

[0069] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application.

[0070] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, instruments, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the instrument embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between instruments or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0071] It should also be understood that the various implementation methods provided in this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

Claims

1. A home energy storage system with arc draw protection, characterized by, The home energy storage system comprises a master control module and at least one arc-drawing sensor connected to the master control module, the at least one arc-drawing sensor being configured to detect an arc-drawing within the home energy storage system, and the master control module being configured to trigger an arc-drawing protection action in response to the detection of an arc-drawing by the at least one arc-drawing sensor.

2. A home energy storage system according to claim 1, characterised in that, The home energy storage system further comprises at least one battery module, and the arc-drawing sensor is disposed at a position comprising a circuit connected to a port of the at least one battery module.

3. A home energy storage system according to claim 2, characterised in that, The battery module comprises at least one battery pack, and the arc-drawing sensor is disposed at a position comprising a circuit connected to a port of the at least one battery pack.

4. A domestic energy storage system according to claim 3, characterised in that, The battery pack comprises at least one battery cell, and the arc-drawing sensor is disposed at a position comprising a circuit connected to a port of the at least one battery cell.

5. A home energy storage system according to claim 4, characterised in that, The arc-drawing sensor is disposed at a position comprising a cell connecting plate in the battery pack.

6. The home energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The home energy storage system further comprises an inverter, and the arc-drawing sensor is disposed at a position comprising a circuit connected to a neutral line of an AC power input terminal of the inverter, a circuit connected to a hot line of the AC power input terminal, a circuit connected to a neutral line of an AC power output terminal of the inverter, a circuit connected to a hot line of the AC power output terminal, a circuit connected to a ground line of the AC power output terminal, a circuit connected to a positive pole of a PV power input terminal, and a circuit connected to a negative pole of the PV power input terminal.

7. The home energy storage system of claim 2, wherein, The battery module further comprises a battery management system, and the arc-drawing protection action comprises cutting off a charge-discharge circuit of the battery module by the battery management system, and stopping the operation and output of the home energy storage system.

8. The home energy storage system of claim 6, wherein, The arc-drawing protection action comprises controlling the inverter to stop PWM modulation, thereby cutting off the output of the home energy storage system to a load or a power grid.

9. A domestic energy storage system according to claim 8, characterised in that, The arc-drawing protection action further comprises controlling the inverter to stop running, and controlling the inverter to cut off the input through a direct-current side fuse or an electronic switch.

10. The home energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The master control module is configured to respond to the detection of an arc-drawing by the at least one arc-drawing sensor through an interrupt program.

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