A device for detecting water permeability of a new road material

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of detection devices, in particular to a water permeability detection device for highway new materials, which comprises a shell and an inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is provided with a thick cylinder part located in the middle and thin cylinder parts located at the upper and lower ends; the middle part with a relatively accurate detection result is increased in radius, the time required for the liquid surface in the inner cylinder to drop by a preset distance is prolonged, the proportion of the timing error in the total time length is reduced, and therefore the detection accuracy is improved. In addition, the application can directly implement rapid air extraction and high-pressure water injection operation on the surface of the laid highway material, more accurately reflects the real water permeability of the highway material under the condition of continuous heavy rainfall, avoids the problem that the water permeability measurement has errors due to the air remaining in the interior, and has higher detection efficiency. The water permeation area is changed through an adjusting mechanism, so that the liquid inclination permeation caused by different pressures is avoided, and the accuracy of the detection result is further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment technology, and specifically to a device for testing the permeability of new highway materials. Background Technology

[0002] The permeability of road materials is a crucial indicator for evaluating pavement quality, directly impacting drainage capacity, driving safety, and service life. The variable head test method is commonly used to test the permeability of road materials. This involves measuring the time required for the water head to drop a predetermined distance from its initial height, or measuring the drop in water head within a fixed time period, to calculate the material's permeability coefficient. However, the variable head test method suffers from low accuracy because the liquid not only seeps vertically downwards but also diffuses and seeps downwards at an angle during the testing process.

[0003] To address this, a dual-ring detection method was proposed. This method involves setting up coaxial inner and outer rings, ensuring consistent liquid levels within and between the inner and outer rings. This creates a protective water curtain outside the inner ring, preventing inclined seepage of water and ensuring vertical infiltration, thus guaranteeing detection accuracy. However, in actual measurements, differences in the local material structure and pressure distribution between the inner and outer rings lead to variations in liquid permeation rates. This difference in liquid level drop rates between the two areas can result in liquid still seeping from the high-pressure zone to the low-pressure zone at the interface, compromising accuracy. Furthermore, the rapid drop in water level during timing can introduce timing errors, further contributing to inaccurate results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a device for testing the permeability of new highway materials. This device solves the problem of inaccurate test results in existing testing devices.

[0005] The present invention provides a device for testing the permeability of a new highway material, which adopts the following technical solution, including:

[0006] The shell has an axis that extends vertically; the shell is made of transparent material and has scale lines; a base is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell; the base is ring-shaped.

[0007] The inner cylinder is coaxially disposed within the shell and includes a coarse cylindrical section and two fine cylindrical sections. The coarse cylindrical section is located between the two fine cylindrical sections. The diameter of the coarse cylindrical section is larger than that of the fine cylindrical sections, and the outer wall diameter of the fine cylindrical sections is smaller than the inner circumference diameter of the base. The inner cylinder is made of transparent material, and the coarse cylindrical section has scale lines in the vertical direction. The inner cylinder defines an inner cavity, and the shell and the inner cylinder define an outer cavity.

[0008] Optionally, the inner cylinder is slidably mounted on the shell; a convex ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the shell, and the outer diameter of the coarse cylinder is equal to the inner diameter of the convex ring, so as to form a sealed connection when the coarse cylinder contacts the convex ring; a sealing structure is provided at the upper end of the inner cylinder, which has a sealed state and a connected state. When the sealing structure is in the sealed state, the upper end of the inner cylinder is isolated from the outside; when the sealing structure is in the connected state, the upper end of the inner cylinder is connected to the outside.

[0009] Optionally, the sealing structure includes a sliding cylinder and a sealing spring; the sliding cylinder is slidably mounted on the upper end of the inner cylinder, the upper end of the sliding cylinder is closed, and a plurality of first holes are opened on the peripheral wall; a plurality of second holes are opened on the upper end of the inner cylinder; the sealing spring is disposed between the inner cylinder and the sliding cylinder, and the sealing spring is used to make the first holes tend to face the second holes.

[0010] Optionally, an adjustment mechanism is provided in the outer cavity. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the water-permeable area of ​​the road material exposed in the outer cavity according to the rate of pressure change in the internal chamber of the shell during the process of the outer cavity being isolated from the outside and the inner cylinder moving upward, so that the rate of pressure change is positively correlated with the water-permeable area of ​​the road exposed in the outer cavity.

[0011] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism includes a water-retaining ring, a force-applying component, and a sensing component; the outer periphery of the water-retaining ring is sealed to the lower end of the shell, and the inner circumferential diameter of the water-retaining ring is larger than the outer diameter of the thin cylindrical part; when the inner periphery of the water-retaining ring is subjected to force, it undergoes elastic deformation, and the water-permeable area of ​​the road material exposed to the outer cavity changes; the force-applying component is used to apply force to the inner periphery of the water-retaining ring; the sensing component is used to sense the rate of pressure change in the internal cavity of the shell during the process of the outer cavity being isolated from the outside and the inner cylinder moving upward, and the force-applying component is used to adjust the force applied to the inner periphery of the water-retaining ring according to the sensing result of the sensing component.

[0012] Optionally, the force-applying component includes multiple sliding rods and multiple sliding grooves; the multiple sliding grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the water-blocking ring and are formed in the housing; the multiple sliding rods are slidably installed in the multiple sliding grooves respectively; the inner end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring; a force-applying spring is provided between the sliding groove and the sliding rod, and the force-applying spring causes the sliding rod to have an outward tendency.

[0013] Optionally, the sensing assembly includes a piston cylinder, a sensing piston, and an adjusting rope; the piston cylinder is located in the outer cavity, the sensing piston is slidably installed in the piston cylinder, the sensing piston is fixedly connected to a piston rod, and the end of the piston rod away from the sensing piston is rotatably connected to the housing; the sensing piston and the piston cylinder define a sealed chamber, and the air pressure in the sealed chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure; the adjusting rope passes through the inner ends of multiple sliding rods in sequence, and both ends are fixedly connected to the piston cylinder; the piston rod is connected to a limiting component, which is used to allow the volume of the sealed chamber to increase and prevent the volume of the sealed chamber from decreasing.

[0014] Optionally, the limiting assembly includes a ratchet rack, a limiting block, a limiting spring, and a reset structure; the ratchet rack is fixedly connected to the piston rod, and the limiting block is slidably mounted on the piston cylinder along the radial direction of the piston cylinder; the two ends of the limiting spring abut against the limiting block and the piston cylinder respectively, and the limiting spring causes the limiting block to tend to move inward.

[0015] Optionally, the reset structure includes a reset button and a reset pull cord. The reset button is located outside the housing, and the reset pull cord passes through the housing, with one end fixedly connected to the reset button and the other end fixedly connected to the limit block.

[0016] Optionally, a water inlet is provided at the upper end of the sliding cylinder.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by increasing the diameter of the middle part of the inner cylinder, the present invention prolongs the time required for the liquid level in the inner cylinder to drop to a preset height. Under the premise of similar timing errors, the total measurement time is increased, thereby reducing the proportion of timing error in the total time and improving the accuracy of detection.

[0018] Furthermore, this invention enables rapid air extraction and high-pressure water injection directly onto the surface of the paved road material. By extracting air and injecting water into the paved road material in a short time, the road material can be quickly and fully saturated before testing. This allows for a more accurate reflection of the true permeability of the road material under continuous heavy rainfall, i.e., under conditions of no internal air resistance. It avoids the problem of errors in permeability measurement caused by internal air retention, resulting in more accurate test results and higher testing efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention senses the permeability of the road material before detection using a sensing component, and adjusts the permeable area of ​​the road material exposed to the outer cavity using a force application component, thereby ensuring that the liquid level drop rate in the inner and outer cavities tends to be consistent, avoiding the occurrence of liquid tilting and seepage in the outer or inner cavity due to pressure differences, and further ensuring the accuracy of the detection results. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a permeability testing device for a new highway material according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of a device for testing the permeability of a new highway material according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of section AA;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a top view of a device for testing the permeability of a new highway material according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view of section BB;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view at point W;

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged view at point X;

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Enlarged view at point Y;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of the Z-axis.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 100. Housing; 110. Protruding ring;

[0032] 200, Inner cylinder; 201, Second hole; 210, Coarse cylinder section; 220, Fine cylinder section; 230, Sliding cylinder; 231, First hole; 232, Water inlet; 240, Sealing spring;

[0033] 300. Highway materials;

[0034] 400. Adjustment mechanism; 410. Water baffle ring; 420. Force application component; 421. Slide rod; 422. Slide groove; 423. Force application spring; 430. Sensing component; 431. Piston cylinder; 432. Sensing piston; 433. Adjustment pull rope; 434. Piston rod; 440. Limiting component; 441. Ratchet; 442. Limiting block; 443. Limiting spring; 444. Reset button; 445. Reset pull rope; 446. Reset spring. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, the permeability testing device for a new highway material provided by the present invention includes a shell 100 and an inner cylinder 200.

[0037] The axis of the housing 100 extends vertically; the housing 100 is made of transparent material and has scale lines; a base is fixedly connected to the lower end of the housing 100; the base is ring-shaped.

[0038] The inner cylinder 200 is coaxially disposed within the housing 100 and includes a coarse cylindrical portion 210 and two thin cylindrical portions 220. The coarse cylindrical portion 210 is located between the two thin cylindrical portions 220. The diameter of the coarse cylindrical portion 210 is larger than that of the thin cylindrical portions 220, and the outer wall diameter of the thin cylindrical portions 220 is smaller than the inner circumference diameter of the base. The inner cylinder 200 is made of transparent material, and the coarse cylindrical portion 210 is provided with scale lines in the vertical direction. The inner cylinder 200 defines an inner cavity, and the housing 100 and the inner cylinder 200 define an outer cavity.

[0039] When testing is required, test points are randomly selected on the road surface to be tested, and the test locations are cleaned. A ring-shaped waterproof material is applied around the test point, and the permeability testing equipment for the new road material is placed on the waterproof material. A counterweight is placed on the housing 100. Under its own weight and the pressure of the counterweight, the base becomes flush with the upper surface of the waterproof material. After squeezing the waterproof material, the base is sealed to the surface of the road material 300, at which point the lower end of the inner cylinder 200 contacts the surface of the road material 300. Clean water that has undergone venting treatment is injected into the inner cylinder 200 and between the housing 100 and the inner cylinder 200, ensuring the water levels in both are equal, with the liquid level in the inner cavity located at the coarse cylinder section 210. Timing is then started to calculate the time required for the liquid level in the inner cylinder 200 to drop to a preset height, and the permeability rate is calculated based on the test results. Multiple sample points are tested on the surface of the road material 300, and the average value is then calculated. Because the diameter of the coarse cylinder 210 is relatively large, the time required for the liquid level to drop to the preset height is relatively long. Under the premise of similar timing errors, increasing the total measurement time reduces the proportion of timing error in the total time and improves the accuracy of detection.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the inner cylinder 200 is slidably mounted on the housing 100; a convex ring 110 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the housing 100, and the outer diameter of the coarse cylinder 210 is equal to the inner diameter of the convex ring 110, so as to form a sealed connection when the coarse cylinder 210 contacts the convex ring 110; a sealing structure is provided at the upper end of the inner cylinder 200, which has a sealed state and a connected state. When the sealing structure is in the sealed state, the upper end of the inner cylinder 200 is isolated from the outside; when the sealing structure is in the connected state, the upper end of the inner cylinder 200 is connected to the outside.

[0041] The sealing structure includes a sliding cylinder 230 and a sealing spring 240. The sliding cylinder 230 is slidably mounted on the upper end of the inner cylinder 200, with its upper end closed. A button is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding cylinder 230. Multiple first holes 231 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the peripheral wall of the sliding cylinder 230. Multiple second holes 201 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the upper end of the inner cylinder 200, with the number of second holes 201 matching the number of first holes 231. The sealing spring 240 is positioned between the inner cylinder 200 and the sliding cylinder 230, and is used to ensure that the first holes 231 tend to align with the second holes 201. A water inlet 232 is provided at the upper end of the sliding cylinder 230.

[0042] During the testing process, after the shell 100 is sealed to the surface of the road material 300, clean water that has undergone venting treatment is injected into the inner cylinder 200 through the water inlet 232. The clean water enters the inner cylinder 200, as per [reference needed]. Figure 4 At this point, the inner cavity and outer cavity are separated, the first hole 231 is directly opposite the second hole 201, and the outer cavity is connected to the outside. After water injection is completed, the housing 100 is pressed down, and the button is quickly pulled upward. When the button is pulled upward, the sealing spring 240 is compressed and stores force, and the overlapping area of ​​the first hole 231 and the second hole 201 gradually decreases. After the button moves upward a preset distance, the first hole 231 and the second hole 201 are misaligned. At this point, the inner cavity is in a sealed state. If the button is pulled upward, the button will drive the inner cylinder 200 to move upward, and the inner cavity will be connected to the outer cavity. The clean water in the inner cavity will flow into the outer cavity, and the overall liquid level will decrease. When the outer wall of the inner cylinder 200 is in sealed contact with the inner wall at the upper end of the housing 100, the internal chamber of the housing 100 is in a sealed state. Afterward, as the inner cylinder 200 moves upward, the volume of the internal chamber of the housing 100 increases, the air pressure decreases, and the gas in the gap of the road material 300 is extracted.

[0043] When the button is pulled up to a preset distance, the inside of the housing 100 is under negative pressure and contains clean water that has been vented. Then, the button is pressed down, and the button moves downward relative to the inner cylinder 200. Before the button comes into contact with the inner cylinder 200, the first hole 231 and the second hole 201 are in a connected state. However, the pressing speed is fast, and the time they are in a connected state is short. The inside of the housing 100 is still under negative pressure. After the button comes into contact with the inner cylinder 200, as the button moves downward, the inner cylinder 200 moves downward synchronously with the button. The volume of the internal cavity of the housing 100 decreases, and the pressure causes the clean water in the housing 100 to quickly seep into the road material 300.

[0044] After the inner cylinder 200 moves downward a preset distance, its outer wall disengages from the inner circumference of the upper end of the shell 100, and the internal cavity of the shell 100 communicates with the outside. The inner cylinder 200 continues to move downward, and when it reaches the preset distance, its lower end contacts the surface of the road material 300. At this point, the inner cylinder 200 cannot move further downward, and the inner cavity separates from the outer cavity. The pressing action stops, and the button, under the action of the sealing spring 240, moves away from the inner cylinder 200 until the first hole 231 is aligned with the second hole 201. At this point, the inner cavity communicates with the outside, and both the inner and outer cavities are connected to the outside. The liquid levels in the inner and outer cavities are now equal. Testing then begins.

[0045] In existing technologies, material samples are typically vacuumed and pressurized for a preset time, then immersed in degassed water to simulate the permeability under real-world conditions. In contrast, this invention allows for rapid degassing and high-pressure water injection directly onto the surface of the laid road material 300. By degassing and injecting water into the laid road material 300 within a short time, the road material 300 is quickly and fully saturated before testing. This more accurately reflects the true permeability of the road material 300 under continuous heavy rainfall, i.e., under conditions of no internal air resistance. It avoids errors in permeability measurement caused by internal air retention, resulting in more accurate test results and higher testing efficiency.

[0046] In a further embodiment, an adjustment mechanism 400 is provided in the outer cavity. The adjustment mechanism 400 is used to adjust the water-permeable area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity according to the rate of pressure change in the internal cavity of the shell 100 during the process of the outer cavity being isolated from the outside and the inner cylinder 200 moving upward, and to make the rate of pressure change positively correlated with the water-permeable area of ​​the road exposed to the outer cavity.

[0047] The greater the pressure change in the internal cavity of the shell 100 per unit time, the less gas is extracted from the road material 300, the fewer gaps there are in the road material 300, and the worse its water permeability. At this time, by adjusting the mechanism 400, the water permeable area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity is increased, thereby accelerating the drop rate of the liquid level in the outer cavity and making the drop rate of the liquid level in the inner cavity and the outer cavity more consistent; avoiding the water in the outer cavity from seeping into the corresponding road material 300 in the inner cavity due to the pressure difference of the liquid in the inner and outer cavities.

[0048] The smaller the pressure change in the internal cavity of the shell 100 per unit time, the more gas is extracted from the road material 300, the more gaps there are in the road material 300, and the better its water permeability. At this time, by adjusting the mechanism 400, the water permeable area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity is reduced, thereby slowing down the drop rate of the liquid level in the outer cavity, so that the drop rate of the liquid level in the inner cavity and the outer cavity tends to be consistent; thus avoiding the water in the inner cavity from tilting and seeping into the corresponding road material 300 in the outer cavity due to the pressure difference of the liquid in the inner and outer cavities.

[0049] This invention, by setting an adjustment mechanism 400, adjusts the permeable area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity according to the change of air pressure inside the shell 100 during the preparation stage, so that the liquid level drop rate in the inner and outer cavities tends to be consistent, ensuring that the liquid in the inner and outer cavities seeps vertically, thereby ensuring the accuracy of permeability performance testing.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 400 includes a water-blocking ring 410, a force-applying component 420, and a sensing component 430. The outer periphery of the water-blocking ring 410 is sealed to the lower end of the housing 100, and the inner circumferential diameter of the water-blocking ring 410 is larger than the outer diameter of the thin cylindrical portion 220. When the inner periphery of the water-blocking ring 410 is subjected to force, it undergoes elastic deformation, thereby changing the water-permeable area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity. The force-applying component 420 is used to apply an outward force to the inner periphery of the water-blocking ring 410. The sensing component 430 is used to sense the rate of pressure change in the internal cavity of the housing 100 during the process of the outer cavity being isolated from the outside and the inner cylinder 200 moving upward, and to adjust the force applied to the inner periphery of the water-blocking ring 410 according to the sensing result of the sensing component 430.

[0051] The force-applying component 420 includes multiple sliding rods 421 and multiple sliding grooves 422; the multiple sliding grooves 422 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the water-blocking ring 410 and are formed in the housing 100; the multiple sliding rods 421 are slidably installed in the multiple sliding grooves 422 respectively; the inner end of the sliding rod 421 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring 410; a force-applying spring 423 is provided between the sliding groove 422 and the sliding rod 421, and the force-applying spring 423 causes the sliding rod 421 to have an outward tendency.

[0052] The sensing assembly 430 includes a piston cylinder 431, a sensing piston 432, and an adjusting rope 433. The piston cylinder 431 is located in the outer cavity, and the sensing piston 432 is slidably installed in the piston cylinder 431. The sensing piston 432 is fixedly connected to a piston rod 434, which is rotatably connected to the housing 100. The sensing piston 432 and the piston cylinder 431 define a sealed chamber, and the air pressure in the sealed chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure. The adjusting rope 433 passes through the inner ends of multiple sliding rods 421 in sequence, and both ends are fixedly connected to the piston cylinder 431. The piston rod 434 is connected to a limiting assembly 440, which allows the volume of the sealed chamber to increase and prevents the volume of the sealed chamber from decreasing.

[0053] The limiting assembly 440 includes a ratchet rack 441, a limiting block 442, a limiting spring 443, and a reset member; the ratchet rack 441 is fixedly connected to the piston rod 434, and the limiting block 442 is slidably mounted on the piston cylinder 431 along the radial direction of the piston cylinder 431; the two ends of the limiting spring 443 abut against the limiting block 442 and the piston cylinder 431 respectively, and the limiting spring 443 causes the limiting block 442 to tend to move inward.

[0054] The reset structure includes a reset button 444, a reset pull cord 445, and a reset spring 446. The reset button 444 is located outside the housing 100. The reset pull cord 445 passes through the housing 100, with one end fixedly connected to the reset button 444 and the other end fixedly connected to the limit block 442. The two ends of the reset spring 446 abut against the piston cylinder 431 and the sensing piston 432, respectively.

[0055] When the button is pulled out before testing, as the coarse cylinder 210 seals against the convex ring 110 and the inner cylinder 200 moves upward, the volume of the internal cavity of the housing 100 increases, and the air in the gap of the road material 300 is extracted.

[0056] When the permeability of the road material 300 is good, there are more gaps inside the road material 300, and more gas is stored inside. As the volume of the internal cavity of the shell 100 increases, more gas is extracted, the pressure difference inside and outside the piston cylinder 431 is small, and the length of the piston cylinder 431 changes little. At this time, the piston cylinder 431 exerts a large force on the adjusting rope 433, and the adjusting rope 433 exerts a large inward force on the sliding rod 421. The adjusting rope 433 drives the sliding rod 421 to slide in the sliding groove 422, causing multiple sliding rods 421 to converge with each other, thereby pulling the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring 410 inward. The distance between the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring 410 and the inner cylinder 200 decreases, and the exposed area of ​​the road material 300 is smaller.

[0057] The lower the permeability of the road material 300, the fewer the gaps, and the less gas is stored. As the volume of the internal chamber of the shell 100 increases, less gas is extracted. Meanwhile, the greater the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the piston cylinder 431, the larger the volume of the sealed chamber inside the piston cylinder 431, the longer the piston rod 434 extends out of the piston cylinder 431, the smaller the force exerted by the piston cylinder 431 on the adjusting rope 433, the smaller the sliding distance of the slide rod 421 in the slide groove 422, and the greater the distance between the inner circumference of the water-retaining ring 410 and the inner cylinder 200, the more gas is exposed inside the shell 100. The larger the road area, the longer the piston cylinder 431 extends. During this process, the ratchet 441 extends out of the piston cylinder 431. When the inclined surface of the ratchet 441 abuts against the limiting block 442, the ratchet 441 pushes the limiting block 442 to move outward along the radial direction of the piston cylinder 431. The limiting spring 443 is compressed. When the outer end of the ratchet 441 passes the limiting block 442, the limiting spring 443 is released, causing the limiting block 442 to move inward and engage with the ratchet 441, preventing the ratchet 441 from retracting into the piston cylinder 431. During the above process, the return spring 446 is compressed and stores energy.

[0058] After the test is completed, pull the reset button 444 outward. The reset button 444 drives the limiting hole to move outward along the radial direction of the piston cylinder 431 through the reset pull rope 445, releasing the limitation on the ratchet rack 441. Since the inner cavity and outer cavity are connected to the outside at this time, the air pressure at both ends of the sensing piston 432 is equal. Under the action of the reset spring 446, the piston rod 434 moves into the piston cylinder 431 and returns to the initial state.

[0059] The present invention uses the sensing component 430 to sense the water permeability of the road material 300 before detection, and the force application component 420 to adjust the water permeable area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity, thereby ensuring that the liquid level drop rate in the inner cavity and the outer cavity tends to be consistent, avoiding the situation where the liquid in the outer cavity or the inner cavity tilts and seeps due to different pressures, and further ensuring the accuracy of the detection results.

[0060] Work process:

[0061] When testing is required, test points are randomly selected on the road surface to be tested, and the test locations are cleaned. A ring-shaped waterproof material is applied around the test point, and the water permeability testing equipment for the new road material is placed on the waterproof material. A counterweight is placed on the housing 100. Under its own weight and the pressure of the counterweight, the bottom of the housing 100 is flush with the upper surface of the waterproof material. After the waterproof material is squeezed, the housing 100 is sealed to the surface of the road material 300. At this time, the lower end of the inner cylinder 200 and the lower end of the water-blocking ring 410 are in contact with the surface of the road material 300.

[0062] A preset amount of clean water, after being treated for venting, is injected into the inner cylinder 200 through the water inlet 232. The clean water enters the inner cylinder 200, as per [reference needed]. Figure 5 At this point, the inner cavity and outer cavity are separated, the first hole 231 is directly opposite the second hole 201, and the outer cavity is connected to the outside. After water injection is completed, the housing 100 is pressed down, and the button is quickly pulled upward. When the button is pulled upward, the sealing spring 240 is compressed and stores force, and the overlapping area of ​​the first hole 231 and the second hole 201 gradually decreases. After the button moves upward a preset distance, the first hole 231 and the second hole 201 are misaligned. At this point, the inner cavity is in a sealed state. If the button is pulled upward, the button will drive the inner cylinder 200 to move upward, and the inner cavity will be connected to the outer cavity. The clean water in the inner cavity will flow into the outer cavity, and the overall liquid level will decrease. When the outer wall of the inner cylinder 200 is in sealed contact with the inner wall at the upper end of the housing 100, the internal chamber of the housing 100 is in a sealed state. Afterward, as the inner cylinder 200 moves upward, the volume of the internal chamber of the housing 100 increases, the air pressure decreases, and the gas in the gap of the road material 300 is extracted.

[0063] When the permeability of the road material 300 is good, there are more gaps inside the road material 300, and more gas is stored inside. As the volume of the internal cavity of the shell 100 increases, the gas pressure decreases, but the pressure difference inside and outside the piston cylinder 431 is small, and the length of the piston cylinder 431 changes little. At this time, the piston cylinder 431 exerts a large force on the adjusting rope 433, and the adjusting rope 433 exerts a large inward force on the sliding rod 421, so that the sliding rod 421 slides in the sliding groove 422. Multiple sliding rods 421 converge with each other, pulling the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring 410 inward. The distance between the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring 410 and the inner cylinder 200 decreases, and the area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity is smaller.

[0064] The lower the permeability of the road material 300, the fewer the gaps, and the less gas is stored. As the volume of the internal chamber of the shell 100 increases, the greater the decrease in air pressure, the greater the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the piston cylinder 431, the larger the volume of the sealed chamber inside the piston cylinder 431, the longer the piston rod 434 extends out of the piston cylinder 431, the smaller the force exerted by the piston cylinder 431 on the adjusting rope 433, the smaller the sliding distance of the slide rod 421 in the slide groove 422, and the greater the distance between the inner circumference of the water-retaining ring 410 and the inner cylinder 200. The larger the area of ​​the road material 300 exposed to the outer cavity, the more the piston cylinder 431 extends. During the extension of the piston cylinder 431, the ratchet 441 extends out of the piston cylinder 431. When the inclined surface of the ratchet 441 abuts against the limiting block 442, the ratchet 441 pushes the limiting block 442 to move radially outward along the piston cylinder 431, and the limiting spring 443 is compressed. When the outer end of the ratchet passes the limiting block 442, the limiting spring 443 is released, causing the limiting block 442 to move inward and engage with the ratchet 441, preventing the ratchet 441 from retracting into the piston cylinder 431. During the above process, the return spring 446 is compressed and stores energy.

[0065] After pulling the button upwards a preset distance, the inside of the housing 100 is under negative pressure, and the housing 100 contains clean water that has undergone venting treatment. Then, the button is pressed downwards, and the button moves downwards relative to the inner cylinder 200. Before the button comes into contact with the inner cylinder 200, the first hole 231 and the second hole 201 are in a connected state. However, the pressing speed is relatively fast, and the two are in a connected state for a short time. The inside of the housing 100 is still under negative pressure. After the button comes into contact with the inner cylinder 200, as the button moves downwards, the inner cylinder 200 moves downwards synchronously with the button. The volume of the internal cavity of the housing 100 decreases, and the pressure causes the clean water in the housing 100 to quickly seep into the road material 300 and saturate the road material 300, thereby simulating the usage scenario when there is heavy rainfall.

[0066] After the inner cylinder 200 moves downward a preset distance, the outer wall of the inner cylinder 200 disengages from the inner circumference of the upper end of the shell 100, and the internal cavity of the shell 100 communicates with the outside. The inner cylinder 200 continues to move downward. When it has moved a preset distance, the lower end of the inner cylinder 200 contacts the surface of the road material 300. At this point, the inner cylinder 200 can no longer move downward, and the inner cavity separates from the outer cavity. At this point, the pressing action stops, and the button moves away from the inner cylinder 200 under the action of the sealing spring 240 until the first hole 231 is aligned with the second hole 201. At this point, both the inner cavity and the outer cavity are connected to the outside, and the liquid levels in the inner cavity and the outer cavity are equal.

[0067] The testing then begins by injecting water into both the inner and outer cavities, ensuring the water levels are equal, with the liquid level in the inner cavity positioned at the coarse section 210. Timing is then started to calculate the time required for the liquid level in the inner cylinder 200 to drop to a preset height, and the permeability is calculated based on the test results. Because the diameter of the middle section of the inner cylinder 200 is relatively large, the time required for the liquid level to drop to the preset height is relatively long, thus reducing the proportion of timing errors in the total testing time and further ensuring the accuracy of the test.

[0068] After the test is completed, pull the reset button 444 outward. The reset button 444 drives the limiting hole to move outward along the radial direction of the piston cylinder 431 through the reset pull rope 445, releasing the limitation on the ratchet rack 441. Since the inner cavity and outer cavity are connected to the outside at this time, the air pressure at both ends of the sensing piston 432 is equal. Under the action of the reset spring 446, the piston rod 434 moves into the piston cylinder 431 and returns to the initial state.

[0069] Multiple sample points were tested on the surface of the highway material 300, and the average permeability was calculated.

[0070] Before measurement, the road material 300 is permeated with clean water. The adjustment mechanism 400 reduces the exposed area of ​​the road material 300 when its permeability is good, preventing excessively rapid liquid descent from seeping into the outer cavity and ensuring a more consistent liquid level drop between the inner and outer cavities. Conversely, when the road material 300 has poor permeability, the exposed area is increased, allowing liquid to permeate outwards and accelerating the liquid level drop, thus aligning the liquid levels in the outer and inner cavities. This prevents liquid from seeping obliquely from the outer cavity to the corresponding position in the inner cavity, or vice versa, due to pressure differences. The clean water in both cavities permeates vertically at the interface, further ensuring the accuracy of the test results.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the permeability of a new highway material, characterized in that, include: The shell, whose axis extends vertically; The shell is made of transparent material and has scale lines; a base is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell; the base is ring-shaped. The inner cylinder is coaxially disposed within the shell and includes a coarse cylindrical section and two thin cylindrical sections. The coarse cylindrical section is located between the two thin cylindrical sections, and its diameter is larger than that of the thin cylindrical sections. The outer wall diameter of the thin cylindrical sections is smaller than the inner circumference diameter of the base. The inner cylinder is made of transparent material, and the coarse cylindrical section has scale lines in the vertical direction. The inner cylinder defines an inner cavity, and the shell and the inner cylinder define an outer cavity. The inner cylinder is slidably installed on the shell. The upper end of the inner cylinder is provided with a sealing structure, which has a sealed state and a connected state. An adjustment mechanism is provided in the outer cavity. The adjustment mechanism includes a water-blocking ring, a force-applying component, and a sensing component. The outer circumference of the water-blocking ring is sealed to the lower end of the shell. The inner circumference diameter of the water-blocking ring is larger than the outer diameter of the thin cylinder. The force-applying component includes multiple sliding rods and multiple sliding grooves; the multiple sliding grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the water-blocking ring and are formed in the housing; the multiple sliding rods are slidably installed in the multiple sliding grooves respectively; the inner end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the water-blocking ring; a force-applying spring is provided between the sliding groove and the sliding rod, and the force-applying spring causes the sliding rod to have an outward tendency. The sensing assembly includes a piston cylinder, a sensing piston, and an adjusting rope. The piston cylinder is located in the outer cavity, and the sensing piston is slidably installed inside the piston cylinder. The sensing piston is fixedly connected to a piston rod, and the end of the piston rod away from the sensing piston is rotatably connected to the housing. The sensing piston and the piston cylinder define a sealed chamber, and the air pressure in the sealed chamber is equal to the atmospheric pressure. The adjusting rope passes through the inner ends of multiple sliding rods in sequence, and both ends are fixedly connected to the piston cylinder. The piston rod is connected to a limit assembly, which allows the volume of the sealed chamber to increase and prevents the volume of the sealed chamber from decreasing.

2. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 1, characterized in that, A convex ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the shell. The outer diameter of the coarse cylinder is equal to the inner diameter of the convex ring, so as to form a sealed connection when the coarse cylinder contacts the convex ring. When the sealing structure is in a sealed state, the upper end of the inner cylinder is isolated from the outside. When the sealing structure is in a connected state, the upper end of the inner cylinder is connected to the outside.

3. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing structure includes a sliding cylinder and a sealing spring; the sliding cylinder is slidably installed on the upper end of the inner cylinder, the upper end of the sliding cylinder is closed, and multiple first holes are opened on the peripheral wall. Multiple second holes are opened on the upper end of the inner cylinder. The sealing spring is arranged between the inner cylinder and the sliding cylinder, and the sealing spring is used to make the first hole tend to face the second hole.

4. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the water-permeable area of ​​the road exposed to the outer cavity according to the rate of pressure change in the internal cavity of the shell during the process of isolating the outer cavity from the outside and moving the inner cylinder upward, so that the rate of pressure change is positively correlated with the water-permeable area of ​​the road exposed to the outer cavity.

5. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the inner circumference of the water-retaining ring is subjected to force, it undergoes elastic deformation, and the permeable area of ​​the road material exposed to the outer cavity changes. The force-applying component is used to apply force to the inner circumference of the water-retaining ring. The sensing component is used to sense the rate of pressure change in the internal cavity of the shell during the process of the outer cavity being isolated from the outside and the inner cylinder moving upward. The force-applying component is used to adjust the force applied to the inner circumference of the water-retaining ring based on the sensing result of the sensing component.

6. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting assembly includes a ratchet rack, a limiting block, a limiting spring, and a reset structure; the ratchet rack is fixedly connected to the piston rod, and the limiting block is slidably installed on the piston cylinder along the radial direction of the piston cylinder; the two ends of the limiting spring abut against the limiting block and the piston cylinder respectively, and the limiting spring causes the limiting block to tend to move inward.

7. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reset structure includes a reset button and a reset pull cord. The reset button is located outside the housing, and the reset pull cord passes through the housing, with one end fixedly connected to the reset button and the other end fixedly connected to the limit block.

8. The permeability testing device for a new highway material according to claim 3, characterized in that, A water inlet is provided at the upper end of the sliding cylinder.

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