Communication method and device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a communication method and device, and the method is applied to Internet of Things equipment, and the method can comprise the steps: sending a first message to a reader, the first message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used for indicating an expected working mode of the Internet of Things equipment; a second message sent by the reader is received, the second message comprises second indication information, the second indication information is used for indicating a target working mode of the Internet of Things equipment, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the expected working mode; based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things equipment works in the target working mode. By adopting the embodiment of the invention, the problem that the communication of the Internet of Things equipment is unreachable due to the fact that the stored energy is exhausted can be solved, and the situation that the Internet of Things equipment cannot respond and execute corresponding operation in time is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] The field of communication technology is used to achieve information exchange and interconnection between devices through various technical means. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the interconnection of everything is gradually becoming a reality. However, the battery life issue of IoT devices greatly increases the difficulty and cost of maintenance, becoming a major bottleneck restricting the development of IoT. Therefore, battery-free IoT devices are an important evolutionary trend for the next generation of IoT. Ambient IoT is a cellular IoT communication technology that supports battery-free terminals.

[0003] In existing technologies, environmental IoT devices do not carry their own power sources but instead harvest energy from the environment to maintain operation and achieve data transmission. However, with the increasing number of environmental IoT devices in communication and the growing complexity of application scenarios, these devices may become unreachable due to depleted energy storage during communication, preventing them from responding and performing operations in a timely manner. Therefore, a communication method is needed to solve the problem of communication unreachability caused by energy depletion in IoT devices and eliminate the situation where IoT devices cannot respond and perform operations in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of this application is to provide a communication method and apparatus that solves the problem of communication unreachability of IoT devices due to depletion of energy storage, and eliminates the situation where IoT devices cannot respond and perform corresponding operations in a timely manner.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, which may include: being applied to an Internet of Things (IoT) device; sending a first message to a reader, wherein the first message includes first indication information, the first indication information being used to indicate a desired operating mode of the IoT device; receiving a second message sent by the reader, the second message including second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate a target operating mode of the IoT device, the target operating mode being determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode; and the IoT device operating in the target operating mode based on the target operating mode indicated by the second indication information.

[0006] In existing technologies, IoT devices can harvest energy from the environment to maintain operation, thereby enabling data interaction and transmission. For example, IoT devices can harvest energy from radio frequency signals sent by a reader to maintain operation. The IoT device can operate in different working modes configured by the reader to execute different activation strategies and energy harvesting strategies. However, the working mode determined by the reader may not be suitable for the current operating conditions of the IoT device, which may cause the IoT device to enter the energy harvesting state due to depletion of energy storage, resulting in communication failure with the reader and inability to respond and perform corresponding operations in a timely manner. To address this technical problem, this application provides a communication method between an IoT device and a reader. The IoT device can proactively report its desired operating mode to the reader. After receiving the target operating mode determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode, the IoT device operates under the target operating mode to perform data transmission and other operations with the reader. The desired operating mode can be determined by the IoT device based on its current operating conditions (e.g., based on one or more of the following: the type and function of the IoT device, surrounding environment information, and distance information between the IoT device and the reader). This makes the target operating mode determined based on the desired operating mode more suitable for the operating conditions of the IoT device, thereby increasing the duration of the IoT device in an effective operating state and improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader. This reduces the possibility of energy depletion due to the IoT device's operating mode being unsuitable for its current operating conditions, which could lead to communication failure with the reader and inability to respond and perform corresponding operations in a timely manner, as is common in the prior art. In this embodiment of the application, the IoT device reports a working mode that is more suitable for the current operating conditions to the reader and operates in the target working mode determined by the reader based on the desired working mode. This enables the IoT device to operate in a working mode that is more suitable for the current operating conditions, thereby improving the communication reachability between the IoT device and the reader and reducing the situation where the IoT device cannot respond and perform corresponding operations in a timely manner.

[0007] In one possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes receiving a third message sent by the reader. This third message triggers the IoT device to determine a desired operating mode. In this embodiment, the third message can also be referred to as an R2D (Reader to Device) message received by the IoT device from the reader. This third message triggers the IoT device to select an operating mode. The IoT device can determine its desired operating mode based on its own type or function, making the target operating mode determined based on the desired operating mode more suitable for the IoT device's operation, thereby improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0008] In one possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes: determining the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device. The operating status includes one or more of the IoT device's type or function, and the function includes the IoT device's energy storage method. In this embodiment, the IoT device can determine its desired operating mode based on its own type or function, making the target operating mode determined based on the desired operating mode more suitable for the IoT device's operating status. This improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader, and reduces the possibility that the IoT device might run out of energy due to an unsuitable operating mode, resulting in communication failure with the reader and an inability to respond and perform corresponding operations in a timely manner.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device; or, the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device and the communication method between the IoT device and the reader. In this embodiment, determining the type of the IoT device through power consumption and communication method can make the target operating mode determined based on the IoT device type more suitable for the actual operation of the IoT device. For example, the expected operating mode of a low-power IoT device can be determined as a first operating mode (e.g., Always On), while for a high-power IoT device, its expected operating mode can be set to a second operating mode (e.g., Duty-cycle). This makes the expected operating mode determined by the IoT device and the target operating mode determined by the reader more suitable for the operation of the IoT device, thereby improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions; the method further includes determining the desired operating mode based on the operating mode selection conditions. In this embodiment, the third message received by the IoT device from the reader may also include information about operating mode selection conditions. The IoT device can select an operating mode based on the operating mode selection conditions set by the reader, making the desired operating mode determined by the IoT device and the target operating mode determined by the reader more suitable for the IoT device's operation, thereby improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0011] In one possible implementation, if the information regarding the operating mode selection conditions includes a threshold value, determining the desired operating mode based on the operating mode selection conditions includes: in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value, determining the first operating mode as the desired operating mode of the IoT device; and in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value, determining the second operating mode as the desired operating mode of the IoT device. In this embodiment, if the IoT device receives a third message from the reader containing a threshold in the operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can determine the desired operating mode by judging the relationship between the radio frequency power corresponding to the third message and the threshold. This makes the desired operating mode determined by the IoT device and the target operating mode determined by the reader more suitable for the IoT device's operating conditions, thereby improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader, and reducing the possibility of the IoT device running out of power, resulting in communication failure with the reader, and the inability to respond and perform corresponding operations in a timely manner.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the desired operating mode is either a first operating mode or a second operating mode; the first operating mode is an Always ON mode; and the second operating mode is a Duty-cycle mode. In this embodiment, the IoT device can be configured with different operating modes to suit different operating conditions. For example, when the energy harvesting efficiency is not lower than the power consumption, the desired operating mode can be set to Always ON mode, allowing the IoT device to continuously operate effectively. When the energy harvesting efficiency is lower than the power consumption, the desired operating mode can be set to Duty-cycle mode, allowing the IoT device to periodically harvest energy and transmit data with the reader. This makes the desired operating mode determined by the IoT device and the target operating mode determined by the reader more suitable for the IoT device's operating conditions, thereby increasing the duration of effective operation and improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0013] In one possible implementation, if the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message further includes the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period. The period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: the energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node of the IoT device. In this embodiment, the period of the IoT device's operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period can be determined based on one or more of the IoT device's energy harvesting information (e.g., capacitor capacity, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node). This maximizes the utilization of the IoT device's energy resources, improves the IoT device's communication performance, effectively manages the IoT device's energy consumption and communication needs, and ensures that the IoT device maintains a stable communication connection under different conditions, thereby increasing the accessibility of communication between the device and the reader.

[0014] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes working cycle mode parameters. These parameters include one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period. The step of the IoT device operating in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information includes: configuring the target working mode indicated by the second indication information through the working cycle mode parameters, and the IoT device operating in the target working mode. In this embodiment, the IoT device can operate using the target working mode and working cycle mode parameters determined by the reader. By effectively managing the energy consumption and communication needs of the IoT device, it ensures that the IoT device maintains a stable communication connection under different conditions. Furthermore, by comprehensively determining the working modes and parameters of multiple IoT devices, the working cycle mode parameters ensure that multiple IoT devices operate optimally in different time periods. This makes the desired working mode determined by the IoT device and the target working mode determined by the reader more suitable for the operating conditions of the IoT device, thereby increasing the duration of effective operation of the IoT device and improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the third message is message 0 or the initial message Initialmsg in a two-step random access procedure, or message 0, the initial message, or message 2 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the IoT device can receive trigger working mode selection information sent by the IoT device during the message sequence of a two-step or four-step random access procedure with the reader. This trigger working mode selection information is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, reducing the steps involved in jointly determining the working mode between the IoT device and the reader, reducing time consumption and potential communication errors, thereby improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure, or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the IoT device can report its desired operating mode when reporting its unique identifier to the reader during a two-step or four-step random access procedure. This effectively reduces misconfiguration during communication, as well as time consumption and potential communication errors, allowing the IoT device to operate in a mode more suitable for the current operating conditions and improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the second message is message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the IoT device can receive target operating mode information sent by the reader upon successful connection establishment with the reader, and operate within that target operating mode. That is, the IoT device can transmit data according to the target operating mode immediately after successful connection establishment with the reader, reducing time consumption and potential communication errors, thereby improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0018] In one possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the process further includes: completing a two-step or four-step random access procedure for the reader. In this embodiment, after completing the two-step or four-step random access procedure, the IoT device can determine its operating mode by transmitting the first and second messages with the reader. This avoids the situation where the configuration message for the operating mode is sent in vain when random access fails between the IoT device and the reader, which helps to effectively establish a stable connection in complex communication scenarios and improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate the desired operating mode of the IoT device to the reader. In this embodiment, the IoT device can send its desired operating mode to the reader via implicit reporting. For example, the IoT device can generate corresponding random numbers for different operating modes and indicate different desired operating modes to the reader by reporting different random numbers. This reduces communication resource consumption between the IoT device and the reader, enhances data privacy and security, and thereby improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0020] In one possible implementation, after the IoT device operates in the target operating mode indicated by the second indication information, the step of the IoT device operating in the target operating mode further includes: the IoT device operating in the target operating mode and transmitting data with the reader. In this embodiment, after the IoT device and the reader jointly configure the target operating mode, the IoT device can operate in the target operating mode and perform operations such as data transmission with the reader. This makes the desired operating mode determined by the IoT device and the target operating mode determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode more suitable for the IoT device's operating conditions, thereby increasing the duration of the IoT device's effective operating state and improving the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0021] Secondly, this application provides a communication device that may include:

[0022] A first message unit is used to send a first message to the reader, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the desired operating mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0023] The second message unit is used to receive a second message sent by the reader. The second message includes second indication information, which is used to indicate the target operating mode of the IoT device. The target operating mode is determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode.

[0024] The target operating mode unit configures the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode based on the target operating mode indicated by the second indication information.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0026] The third message unit receives a third message sent by the reader, which is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0028] The expected operating mode determination unit determines the expected operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device. The operating status includes one or more of the types or functions of the IoT device, and the functions include the energy storage method of the IoT device.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the type of the IoT device is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device; or, the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device and the communication method between the IoT device and the reader.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, and the apparatus further includes:

[0031] The working mode selection condition unit allows the IoT device to select a working mode based on the information regarding the working mode selection conditions.

[0032] In one possible implementation, if the information regarding the working mode selection conditions includes a threshold value, the working mode selection condition unit is specifically used for:

[0033] The first working mode unit, in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value, determines the first working mode as the desired working mode of the IoT device.

[0034] The second operating mode unit determines the second operating mode as the desired operating mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the desired operating mode is either a first operating mode or a second operating mode; the first operating mode is an Always ON mode; and the second operating mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0036] In one possible implementation, if the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message further includes the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period, wherein the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: the energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node of the IoT device.

[0037] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter, which includes one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period; the target working mode unit is specifically used for:

[0038] The IoT device operates in the target working mode indicated by the second indication information by configuring the working cycle mode parameters.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the third message is message 0 or the initial message Initialmsg in a two-step random access procedure, or message 0, the initial message, or message 2 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure, or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the second message is message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0043] The random access unit is used to complete a random access process for the reader, either a two-step or a four-step random access process.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate to the reader the desired operating mode of the IoT device.

[0045] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a communication method, which may include: being applied to a reader; receiving a first message sent by an Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the first message includes first indication information, the first indication information being used to indicate a desired operating mode of the IoT device; and sending a second message to the IoT device, the second message including second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate a target operating mode of the IoT device, the target operating mode being determined based on the desired operating mode.

[0046] In existing technologies, readers can configure IoT devices to operate in different working modes to execute different activation and energy harvesting strategies. However, readers may not acquire enough information, causing the working mode configured for the IoT device to be unsuitable for the current operating conditions. This may result in the IoT device being in an energy harvesting state due to insufficient energy storage, making it impossible for the reader to communicate with the IoT device and causing it to become unreachable. To address this technical problem, in this embodiment, the reader can receive the expected operating mode of an IoT device to further understand the device's operation. Based on this expected operating mode, the reader can comprehensively configure the target operating mode of one or more IoT devices, enabling the IoT device to operate in a mode more suitable for its current operating condition. This reduces the situation in the prior art where insufficient information acquisition by the reader leads to the configured operating mode being unsuitable for the IoT device's current operating condition, resulting in communication failure between the reader and the IoT device due to insufficient power storage. In other words, in this embodiment, the reader comprehensively configures the actual operating mode of the IoT device based on the expected operating mode sent by the IoT device, thereby increasing the reader's reachability when communicating with the IoT device and enhancing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0047] In one possible implementation, before receiving the first message sent by the IoT device, the method further includes sending a third message to the IoT device, the third message being used to trigger the IoT device to determine a desired operating mode. In this embodiment, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device, the trigger operating mode selection information included in the third message being used to trigger the IoT device to select an operating mode, allowing the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode based on its own type or function; furthermore, the reader can comprehensively determine a target operating mode based on the desired operating mode to increase the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices, and to increase the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, which are used to instruct the IoT device to determine a desired operating mode. In this embodiment, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device, which may include information about operating mode selection conditions. This information instructs the IoT device to select an operating mode based on conditions determined by the reader. For example, this information can be used to determine the distance between the reader and the IoT device to help the IoT device determine the desired operating mode, making the target operating mode determined based on the desired operating mode more suitable for the IoT device's operation. Furthermore, the reader can comprehensively determine the target operating mode based on the desired operating mode to increase the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices and to increase the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the information regarding the operating mode selection conditions includes a threshold value, which is determined by the reader. In this embodiment, the reader can configure the information regarding the operating mode selection conditions as a threshold value and send it to the IoT device via a third message. This allows the IoT device to determine the distance by comparing the threshold value with the radio frequency power in the third message, enabling the reader to receive a more suitable desired operating mode for the IoT device. Furthermore, the reader can comprehensively determine a target operating mode based on the desired operating mode to increase the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices and to increase the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the desired operating mode is either a first operating mode or a second operating mode; the first operating mode is an Always ON mode; the second operating mode is a Duty-cycle mode. In this embodiment, the reader can configure the IoT devices to operate in different operating modes based on the desired operating mode of the IoT devices and considering the situation of multiple IoT devices, thereby increasing the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices and improving the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0051] In one possible implementation, if the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message further includes the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period. The period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: the energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node of the IoT device. In this embodiment, if the desired operating mode received by the reader from the IoT device is the operating cycle mode, the first message received by the reader may further include the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period. This maximizes the utilization of the energy resources of the IoT device, improves the communication performance between the reader and the IoT device, increases the reachability of the reader when communicating with the IoT device, and increases the coordination and stability when communicating between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0052] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter. The working cycle mode parameter includes one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period. The method further includes: determining the working cycle mode parameter based on the period of the working cycle mode and the working duration within the period. In this embodiment, if the reader receives a desired working mode from an IoT device as a working cycle mode, the reader can operate based on the periods and working durations of the working cycle modes of multiple IoT devices, comprehensively determining the target working mode and the working cycle mode parameter. This ensures that multiple IoT devices operate optimally in different time periods, maximizing the stability and efficiency of the devices, increasing the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices, and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the third message is message 0 or the initial message Initialmsg in a two-step random access procedure, or message 0, the initial message, or message 2 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the reader may include working mode selection information that triggers the IoT device to select its working mode in the message sequence of the two-step or four-step random access procedure with the IoT device. This reduces the steps involved in jointly determining the working mode between the reader and the IoT device, reduces time consumption and potential communication errors, thereby improving the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure, or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the reader can receive its own unique identifier reported by the IoT device while simultaneously receiving the IoT device's expected operating mode during a two-step or four-step random access procedure. This effectively reduces misconfiguration during communication, as well as time consumption and potential communication errors, thereby improving the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the second message is message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the reader can send target operating mode information to the IoT device upon successful connection establishment and configure the IoT device to operate in that target operating mode. That is, the reader can transmit data with the IoT device according to the target operating mode corresponding to the IoT device immediately after successful connection establishment, thereby improving the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0056] In one possible implementation, before receiving the first message sent by the IoT device, the process further includes a random access procedure involving a two-step or four-step random access process for the IoT device. In this embodiment, after completing the two-step or four-step random access process, the reader can determine the operating mode of the IoT device by transmitting the first and second messages with the IoT device. This avoids the situation where configuration messages for the operating mode are sent in vain when random access fails, which could lead to this. This helps to effectively establish a stable connection in complex communication scenarios, thereby improving the reachability of the reader when communicating with IoT devices and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0057] In one possible implementation, after sending the second message to the IoT device, the method further includes configuring the IoT device to perform data transmission with the IoT device in the target operating mode. In this embodiment, after the reader and the IoT device jointly configure the target operating mode, the reader can perform data transmission and other operations with the IoT device based on the target operating mode corresponding to the IoT device. This makes the target operating mode determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode more suitable for the operating conditions of the IoT device, thereby improving the reachability of the reader when communicating with the IoT device and increasing the coordination and stability when communicating between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate the desired operating mode of the IoT device to the reader. In this embodiment, the reader can receive the desired operating mode sent by the IoT device through implicit reporting. For example, the reader can receive a random number sent by the IoT device, which is used to indicate different desired operating modes. This reduces communication resource consumption between the reader and the IoT device, enhances data privacy and security, thereby improving the reader's reachability when communicating with IoT devices, and increasing the coordination and stability when communicating between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0059] Fourthly, this application provides another communication device, which may include:

[0060] The first message unit is configured to receive a first message sent by an IoT device, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the desired operating mode of the IoT device.

[0061] The second instruction information unit determines second instruction information based on the first instruction information. The second instruction information is used to indicate the target operating mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target operating mode is determined based on the desired operating mode.

[0062] The second message unit is used to send a second message to the IoT device, the second message including the second indication information.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0064] The third message unit is used to send a third message to the IoT device, which triggers the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, which are used to instruct the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the desired operating mode is either a first operating mode or a second operating mode; the first operating mode is an Always ON mode; and the second operating mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0067] In one possible implementation, if the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message further includes the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period, wherein the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: the energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node of the IoT device.

[0068] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter, wherein the working cycle mode parameter includes one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period; the device further includes:

[0069] The work cycle mode parameter determination unit determines the work cycle mode parameters based on the cycle of the work cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0071] The random access unit completes a random access process for the IoT device, either a two-step or a four-step random access process.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate to the reader the desired operating mode of the IoT device.

[0073] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions used in a communication device provided for the second or fourth aspects described above, which includes programs designed to execute the aforementioned aspects.

[0074] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program that includes instructions that, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to perform the processes executed in the communication device described in the second or fourth aspect.

[0075] In a seventh aspect, this application provides an electronic device including a processor and a sensor. The processor is the processor described in any of the second or fourth aspects above, and the sensor is the sensor described in any of the second or fourth aspects above. The electronic device may also include a communication interface for communicating with other devices or communication networks.

[0076] Eighthly, this application provides an Internet of Things (IoT) device that has the function of implementing any of the communication methods described in the first aspect above. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described function.

[0077] Ninthly, this application provides a reader that has the function of implementing any of the communication methods described in the third aspect above. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-described function. Attached Figure Description

[0078] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the background art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application or the background art will be described below.

[0079] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of a first inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0080] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of a second inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0081] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of a first external CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0082] Figure 1D This is a schematic diagram of a first CW-free node topology provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0083] Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of a third inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0084] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of a fourth inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0085] Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram of a second outer CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0086] Figure 2DThis is a schematic diagram of a second CW-free node topology provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0087] Figure 3A This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0088] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of a first working mode (always-on mode) provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0089] Figure 3C This is a schematic diagram of a second working mode (working cycle mode) provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0090] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an instruction flow interaction provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0091] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interactive process of triggering a working mode selection instruction provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0092] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0093] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0094] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram illustrating another four-step random access process provided in this application embodiment.

[0095] Figure 7C This is a schematic diagram illustrating another four-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0096] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0097] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0098] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0099] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0100] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another Internet of Things (IoT) device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0101] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of another reader provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0102] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0103] The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0104] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0105] As used in this specification, the terms "component," "module," "system," etc., are used to refer to computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer. As illustrated, applications running on computing devices and computing devices can both be components. One or more components may reside in a process and / or an execution thread, and components may be located on a single computer and / or distributed among two or more computers. Furthermore, these components can be executed from various computer-readable media on which various data structures are stored. For example, a component may communicate via local and / or remote processes based on signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems via signals).

[0106] First, some of the terms used in this application will be explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0107] (1) Radio frequency signal (RS) refers to a signal in a specific electromagnetic frequency range used in wireless communication and electronic devices. The transmission process of radio frequency signals involves the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves, and usually includes stages such as signal transmission, propagation, reception and processing. Its purpose is to effectively transmit information and ensure the reliability and efficiency of the communication system.

[0108] (2) Radio frequency power (RFP) refers to the level of electrical energy generated and output in radio frequency electronic devices. The generation of radio frequency power involves the operating state of electronic devices and circuit design, and usually includes stages such as power amplification, signal modulation, antenna radiation and power conversion. Its purpose is to effectively realize signal transmission and processing tasks in wireless communication, radar detection or medical devices.

[0109] (3) Threshold Value refers to a specific standard or condition set in a measurement, detection, or decision-making process. Threshold values ​​can be set based on data analysis, statistical models, or professional knowledge to determine whether a signal, event, or phenomenon has met predetermined requirements or triggered a certain action. In practical applications, determining threshold values ​​typically involves setting, optimizing, and adjusting them to ensure that the system can effectively identify events or signals and take appropriate response measures.

[0110] (4) Ambient IoT (A-IoT) refers to a cellular IoT communication technology that supports battery-free terminals. Ambient IoT can include passive IoT, where some network nodes are passive, requiring no internal power supply and typically relying on external energy sources for energy. For example, passive IoT devices can be radio frequency identification tags (RFID), energy harvesting sensors, or wireless environmental sensors—devices that can obtain energy from the surrounding environment and use it for communication or sensing functions. The passive IoT architecture can include passive IoT devices and readers. The IoT devices mentioned in this embodiment are described using passive IoT devices within the Ambient IoT framework as an example; however, other IoT devices can also be used, and this embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0111] (5) Reader: In the network architecture of the environmental Internet of Things (IoT), a reader refers to a device or system used for communication and data reading with environmental IoT devices. These readers are typically active devices capable of sending specific energy sources or radio frequency signals to activate and communicate with surrounding environmental IoT devices. When interacting with environmental IoT devices, the reader can activate nearby devices by sending radio frequency signals or electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies, enabling them to acquire energy and start up. Once activated, the environmental IoT devices can use the received energy to respond to the reader's query requests, transmit data stored within them, or perform other specified operations. Readers are typically used in the following two topology network architectures for environmental IoT communication:

[0112] Topology 1: Reader <-> A-IoT device.

[0113] Topology 2: Reader <-> Intermediate Node <-> A-IoT Device.

[0114] In the topology network architecture of Topology 1, the reader can be a base station (BS), while in the topology network architecture of Topology 2, the reader can be either a base station or a user equipment (UE). Optionally, in the topology network architecture of Topology 1, the reader communicates directly with the A-IoT device, resulting in a larger coverage area, suitable for macro cells; in the topology network architecture of Topology 2, the reader communicates with the A-IoT device through an intermediate node, resulting in a smaller coverage area, suitable for micro cells.

[0115] (6) Upstream transmission refers to the process of transmitting data or signals from a terminal device to a server or central node in a communication network. This transmission process involves the transmission path of information from the user end or terminal device to the network. In communication technology, upstream transmission is usually carried out through various transmission media and protocols to ensure the reliability and timeliness of data. In the embodiments of this application, the upstream transmission process may include data transmission from an IoT device to a reader. Upstream transmission may include two methods: reverse path scattering and direct transmission. Upstream transmission via reverse path scattering refers to the transmission method implemented by reverse scattering technology when information is transmitted in the network. This transmission method involves the signal propagating along the reverse scattering path in the network, transmitting information between various nodes through reflection and scattering to ensure the effective transmission and reception of data. Upstream transmission via direct transmission refers to the process of data being transmitted upstream in the network through direct transmission. This transmission method directly transmits data from the sending end to the receiving end, realizing the transmission and exchange of information directly through network devices and communication channels to ensure the efficiency and reliability of data transmission.

[0116] (7) A random access procedure refers to the process by which a terminal device or user equipment requests network connection through a wireless channel during communication. In this embodiment, the random access procedure allows multiple IoT devices (e.g., passive IoT devices) to access communication resources through contention, ensuring fair and efficient allocation of wireless spectrum and bandwidth. The random access procedure can be implemented in different ways, each corresponding to a random access type. Random access types can include four-step random access and two-step random access. In the four-step random access process, the IoT device sends a preamble to the reader, the reader returns a random access response to the IoT device, and the IoT device sends message 3 (Msg3) to the reader. Message 3 represents the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In the two-step random access process, the IoT device sends message A (msgA) to the reader, and the reader sends message B to the IoT device. Message A consists of two parts: a preamble sent via the physical random access channel (PRACH) and a message sent via the PUSCH channel.

[0117] (8) Network topology refers to the physical layout and logical connections between nodes (such as computers, printers, routers, etc.) in a network. This topology determines how data is transmitted in the network and how network resources are effectively organized and managed.

[0118] (9) Continuous Wave (CW) devices are devices that provide continuous electromagnetic wave signals in Internet of Things (IoT) communication. They are used to provide external carriers to IoT devices so that IoT devices can perform backscattering. For example, CW devices can be base stations or readers in IoT communication.

[0119] (10) Inventory Function (IF) refers to the operational process of comprehensively checking and statistically analyzing a specific object. In this embodiment, the inventory function can refer to the operational process of the reader and multiple IoT devices working together to comprehensively check and statistically analyze information. Specifically, it can involve data transmission from IoT devices, data reception and processing by the reader, and their mutual coordination, in order to more accurately grasp the number, operating status, and related information of IoT devices.

[0120] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the system architecture of the embodiments of this application is described below. The embodiments of this application may include three types of IoT devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. The differences between the three types of devices may include one or more differences in the communication method between the device and the reader, the presence or absence of a power amplifier (PA), the power output, and the frequency modulation range.

[0121] Device 1: Device 1 transmits upstream to the reader via backscattering. Device 1 has no PA, low upstream power, and a small frequency modulation range.

[0122] Device 2a: Device 2a transmits upstream to the reader via backscattering; Device 2a has a PA; Device 2a has an upstream power; and Device 2a has a frequency modulation range.

[0123] Device 2b: Device 2b transmits upstream to the reader via direct transmission. Device 2b has a PA, high upstream power, and a wide frequency modulation range.

[0124] Uplink power refers to the transmission power of the device when transmitting data uplink to the reader, and frequency modulation range refers to the frequency range that the three types of devices can use during communication.

[0125] The following section will describe in detail the communication scenarios between the three types of devices and the reader in the form of a topology. For details, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figures 1A-2DThe diagram illustrates eight different topologies. First, it explains the meaning of each node: 'R' represents a reader, 'BS' represents a base station, 'D' represents an IoT device (e.g., an ambient IoT device), and 'CW' represents a continuous wave device. 'CW' can provide an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; D2R (Device to Reader) is uplink transmission from 'D' to 'R'; R2D (Reader to Device) is downlink transmission from 'R' to 'D'; and CW2D (CW to Device) is external carrier transmission to 'D'. Additionally, 'R' can also be one or more of 'BS' or 'CW'.

[0126] in,

[0127] (a) See also Figure 1A , Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of a first inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1A As shown, Figure 1A The network can include three nodes: 'R1 / CW', 'R2', and 'D'. The 'CW' node is configured within the network topology. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R2' in D2R, but the 'CW' in CW2D is the same as the 'R1' in R2D. The 'R1' in R2D and the 'R2' in D2R are two different readers. Specifically, first, 'R1 / CW' performs downlink transmission to 'D' (R2D); then, 'R1 / CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; finally, 'D' performs uplink transmission to 'R2' via backscattering (D2R). Figure 1A The topology includes 'R1 / CW' nodes, meaning 'D' can transmit upstream to 'R2' via backscattering. Figure 1A The topology can be applied to both device 1 and device 2a; furthermore, if 'D' in the topology does not include PA, then the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology includes PA, then the type of 'D' is device 2a.

[0128] (ii) See also Figure 1B , Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of a second inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1B As shown, Figure 1BThe network can include two nodes, 'R / CW' and 'D'. The 'CW' node is configured inside the network topology. In CW2D, D2R, and R2D, the 'CW' node and the 'R' node are the same. Specifically, first, 'R / CW' performs downlink transmission to 'D', i.e., R2D; further, 'R / CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for 'D' to perform backscatter; further still, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R' through backscatter, i.e., D2R. Figure 1B The topology includes 'R / CW' nodes, meaning 'D' can transmit uplink data to 'R / CW' via backscattering. Figure 1B The topology can be applied to both device 1 and device 2a; furthermore, if 'D' in the topology does not include PA, then the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology includes PA, then the type of 'D' is device 2a.

[0129] (III) See also Figure 1C , Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of a first external CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1C As shown, Figure 1C The network can include three nodes: 'R', 'CW', and 'D'. The 'CW' node is configured within the network topology. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R' in D2R, and the 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R' in R2D. The 'R' node is the same in D2R and R2D. Specifically, first, 'R' performs downlink transmission to 'D' (R2D); then, 'CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; finally, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R2' via backscattering (D2R). Figure 1C The topology includes a 'CW node', meaning that 'D' transmits upstream to 'R' via backscattering. Figure 1C The topology can be applied to both device 1 and device 2a; furthermore, if 'D' in the topology does not include PA, then the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology includes PA, then the type of 'D' is device 2a.

[0130] (iv) See also Figure 1D , Figure 1D This is a schematic diagram of a first CW-free node topology provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 1D As shown, Figure 1D The network can include two nodes, 'R' and 'D', with no 'CW' nodes within the topology. Specifically, 'R' first performs a downlink transmission to 'D', i.e., R2D; furthermore, 'D' can perform an uplink transmission to 'R2', i.e., D2R. Figure 1DThe topology does not include the 'CW node', meaning that 'D' transmits upstream to 'R' directly. Figure 1D The topology can be applied to device 2b.

[0131] (V) See also Figure 2A , Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of a third inner CW node topology provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 2A As shown, Figure 2A The network can include four nodes: 'R1 / CW', 'R2', 'D', and 'BS'. The 'CW' node is configured within the network topology. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R2' in D2R, but the 'CW' in CW2D is the same as the 'R1' in R2D. The 'R1' in R2D and the 'R2' in D2R are two different readers. 'BS' communicates with both 'R1' and 'R2'. Specifically, first, 'R1 / CW' performs downlink transmission to 'D' (R2D); then, 'R1 / CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; finally, 'D' performs uplink transmission to 'R2' via backscattering (D2R). Figure 2A The topology includes 'R1 / CW' nodes, meaning 'D' can transmit upstream to 'R2' via backscattering. Figure 2A The topology can be applied to both device 1 and device 2a; furthermore, if 'D' in the topology does not include PA, then the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology includes PA, then the type of 'D' is device 2a. In addition, in this embodiment, 'BS' can control and coordinate the functions of 'R1 / CW' and 'R2' through a communication connection with 'R1 / CW' and 'R2', including but not limited to sending configuration parameters, radio frequency signals, or threshold values, and the communication between 'BS' and 'R1 / CW' and 'R2' can be continuous and occurs before 'R1 / CW' transmits downlink data to 'D', in order to optimize communication quality and efficiency.

[0132] (vi) See also Figure 2B , Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of a fourth inner CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2B As shown, Figure 2BThe network can include three nodes: 'R / CW', 'D', and 'BS'. The 'CW' node is configured within the network topology. In CW2D, D2R, and R2D, the 'CW' node and the 'R' node are identical. 'BS' communicates with 'R'. Specifically, first, 'R / CW' performs downlink transmission to 'D' (R2D); further, 'R / CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; and finally, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R2' via backscattering (D2R). Figure 2B The topology includes 'R / CW' nodes, meaning 'D' can transmit uplink data to 'R / CW' via backscattering. Figure 2B The topology can be applied to both device 1 and device 2a; furthermore, if 'D' in the topology does not include PA, then the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology includes PA, then the type of 'D' is device 2a. In addition, in this embodiment, 'BS' can communicate with 'R / CW' to control and coordinate the functions of 'R / CW', including but not limited to sending configuration parameters, radio frequency signals, or threshold values, and the communication between 'BS' and 'R / CW' can be continuous and occurs before 'R / CW' transmits downlink data to 'D', in order to optimize communication quality and efficiency.

[0133] (vii) See also Figure 2C , Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram of a second outer CW node topology provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2C As shown, Figure 2C The network can include four nodes: 'R', 'CW', 'D', and 'BS'. The 'CW' node is configured within the network topology. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R' in D2R, and the 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R' in R2D. The 'R' node is the same in D2R and R2D. 'BS' communicates with 'R'. Specifically, first, 'R' performs downlink transmission to 'D' (R2D); then, 'CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; finally, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R2' via backscattering (D2R). Figure 2C The topology includes a 'CW node', meaning that 'D' transmits upstream to 'R' via backscattering. Figure 2CThe topology can be applied to both device 1 and device 2a; furthermore, if 'D' in the topology does not include PA, then the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology includes PA, then the type of 'D' is device 2a. In addition, in this embodiment, 'BS' can communicate with 'R' to control and coordinate the functions of 'R', including but not limited to sending configuration parameters, radio frequency signals, or threshold values, and the communication between 'BS' and 'R' can be continuous and occurs before 'R' transmits data downlink to 'D', in order to optimize communication quality and efficiency.

[0134] (viii) See also Figure 2D , Figure 2D This is a schematic diagram of a second CW-free node topology provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 2D As shown, Figure 2D The network can include three nodes: 'R', 'D', and 'BS'. There is no 'CW' node within the network topology. 'BS' communicates with 'R'. Specifically, 'R' first transmits downlink data to 'D' (R2D); furthermore, 'D' can transmit uplink data to 'R2' (D2R). Figure 2D The topology does not include the 'CW node', meaning that 'D' transmits upstream to 'R' directly. Figure 2D The topology can be applied to device 2b. Furthermore, in this embodiment, 'BS' can communicate with 'R' to control and coordinate the functions of 'R', including but not limited to sending configuration parameters, radio frequency signals, or threshold values, and the communication between 'BS' and 'R' can be continuous and occurs before 'R' transmits data downlink to 'D', in order to optimize communication quality and efficiency.

[0135] It is understood that in this application Figures 3A-9 The communication topology between the reader and the IoT device involved in the embodiments can be any of the eight scenarios mentioned above, and will not be described again in subsequent embodiments.

[0136] Combination Figures 1A-2D The system architecture and the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be discussed in conjunction with the appendix below. Figure 3A From the perspective of the interaction between the reader and IoT devices, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3A , Figure 3A This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method may include the following steps S301-S303.

[0137] Step S301: The IoT device sends the first message to the reader.

[0138] Specifically, the first message includes first indication information, which is used to indicate the desired operating mode of the IoT device. In this embodiment, the first message can also be referred to as a D2R message sent by the IoT device to the reader via uplink transmission. The desired operating mode can be a first operating mode (e.g., Always On mode) or a second operating mode (e.g., Duty-cycle mode). If the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message may also include information about the cycle and duration of the working time within the cycle of the duty-cycle mode, or information indicating the cycle and duration of the working time within the cycle of the duty-cycle mode. Exemplarily, the IoT device can report the desired operating mode directly to the reader by sending the first message, or by sending message A (e.g., MsgA) in a two-step random access procedure, message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in a four-step random access procedure, or message 3 (e.g., Msg3) in a four-step random access procedure. It is understood that the sending of the first message by the IoT device to the reader in the above embodiment is one possible implementation, and other examples are also possible. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the first operating mode is a continuously active operating mode, such as an always-on mode; the second operating mode is a periodically active operating mode, such as a duty-cycle mode. In this application embodiment, the IoT device can be set to different operating modes for different operating conditions. For example, see... Figure 3B , Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of a first operating mode (always-on mode) provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3B As shown, if an IoT device operates in always-on mode, it can simultaneously perform energy harvesting and data transmission with the reader, and the energy harvesting efficiency is no less than the power consumption, allowing the IoT device to remain in a continuously effective working state. For example, see... Figure 3C , Figure 3C This is a schematic diagram of a second working mode (working cycle mode) provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3CThe device can include the cycle period of a work cycle mode, the working duration within the cycle, and the energy harvesting duration. The working duration within the cycle is the duration of the ON state, and the energy harvesting duration is the duration of the Sleep or OFF state. In this embodiment, energy harvesting is taken as the Sleep state. If the IoT device operates in a work cycle mode, assuming a cycle period of 10 seconds, a working duration of 3 seconds, and an energy harvesting duration of 7 seconds, within each work cycle period, the IoT device can perform 3 seconds of data transmission with the reader during the ON state and 7 seconds of energy harvesting during the Sleep state.

[0140] In one possible implementation, before determining the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device, the method further includes receiving a third message sent by the reader. This third message is used to trigger the IoT device to select an operating mode. Optionally, the third message itself may have the function of instructing and triggering the IoT device to select an operating mode; that is, the third message may not carry triggering operating mode selection information, but rather provide the relevant indication through the third message itself. Alternatively, the third message may include triggering operating mode selection information, which is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode. In this embodiment, the third message may also be referred to as an R2D message received by the IoT device from the reader. For example, after receiving the third message sent by the reader, the IoT device can trigger the IoT device to select an operating mode based on the triggering operating mode selection information in the third message. Further optionally, in addition to including triggering operating mode selection information, the third message may further include information about operating mode selection conditions. These operating mode selection conditions can be used to instruct the IoT device on the relevant conditions that it needs to meet when selecting an operating mode; in other words, the IoT device can select an operating mode based on these operating mode selection conditions.

[0141] In one possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes: determining the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device, wherein the operating status includes one or more of the IoT device's type or function (e.g., energy storage method). In this embodiment, the IoT device can determine the desired operating mode based on its own type or function. For example, the IoT device can determine the desired operating mode based on its own type (e.g., three types: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method), such as always-on mode or working cycle mode. In the example where the IoT device determines the desired operating mode based on its own type, the IoT device can determine the desired operating mode by comprehensively considering one or more of the following data: the uplink transmission method between the IoT device and the reader, the presence or absence of a PA, the uplink transmission power, and the frequency modulation range. In the example where the IoT device determines the desired operating mode based on its own function, the function can be an energy storage method, which can be one or more of various energy storage methods such as radio frequency energy in radio frequency signals, solar energy, and electrical energy. The IoT device can determine the desired operating mode based on the energy storage efficiency of the energy storage method. Specific embodiments for determining the desired operating mode based on the above-mentioned IoT device operating status are described below. Figure 4 The embodiment corresponding to step S401 is described in detail here, and will not be repeated here.

[0142] In one possible implementation, the type of the IoT device is determined based on its power consumption; or, the type of the IoT device is determined based on its power consumption and the communication method between the IoT device and the reader. In this embodiment, determining the type of the IoT device through power consumption and communication method can make the target operating mode determined based on the IoT device type more suitable for the IoT device's operation. For example, in this embodiment, the desired operating mode for IoT devices with lower power consumption can be determined as the first operating mode, while for IoT devices with higher power consumption, their desired operating mode can be set as the second operating mode.

[0143] In an example where the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device selects an operating mode based on this information. In this embodiment, the third message received by the IoT device from the reader may also include information about operating mode selection conditions. The IoT device can select an operating mode based on the operating mode selection conditions set by the reader, wherein these operating mode selection conditions can be predefined by the operator or configured by the reader through a control domain.

[0144] In one possible implementation, if the information regarding the operating mode selection conditions includes a threshold value, the method further includes: determining a first operating mode as the desired operating mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value; and determining a second operating mode as the desired operating mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value. Optionally, the first operating mode can be determined as the desired operating mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value being greater than or equal to the threshold value; and the second operating mode can be determined as the desired operating mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than the threshold value.

[0145] In one possible implementation, if the desired working mode is the second working mode, the first message further includes the cycle period of the working cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle. For example, see... Figure 3C , Figure 3C The cycle mode can include the period, the duration of operation within the period, and the duration of energy harvesting. The duration of operation within the period is the duration of the ON state, and the duration of energy harvesting is the duration of the Sleep or OFF state. In this embodiment, energy harvesting is taken as the Sleep state. If an IoT device operates in the cycle mode, its energy harvesting efficiency may be lower than its power consumption, thus it cannot remain continuously ON. Energy harvesting needs to occur within the energy harvesting duration (i.e., the duration of the Sleep state). During the Sleep state, the IoT device cannot receive downlink signals from the reader, nor can it inform the reader of its effective operating status via uplink signals, making it impossible for the reader to determine which IoT devices are in an effective operating state. Therefore, in this embodiment, when reporting its desired operating mode to the reader, the IoT device can report the cycle mode period and the duration of operation within the period, determined by its type or function, so that the reader can transmit data with the IoT device when the IoT device is in an effective operating state. For example, suppose that after an IoT device reports to a reader, the cycle of the working mode determined by the reader is 10 seconds. In this working cycle mode, the working time can be 1 second and the energy harvesting time can be 9 seconds. The IoT device can transmit data with the reader within 1 second when it is in the on state, and harvest energy within 9 seconds when it is in the sleep state.

[0146] In one possible implementation, the third message is message 0 (e.g., Msg0) in a two-step random access procedure or the initial message Initialmsg, i.e., random access with the IoT device via a Round start message and / or Slot start message; or it is message 0 (e.g., Msg0) in a four-step random access procedure, or the initial message Initialmsg or message 2. The third message may include trigger working mode selection information, which is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode. In this embodiment, the IoT device can receive the trigger working mode selection information sent by the IoT device during the message sequence of a two-step or four-step random access procedure with the reader. This trigger working mode selection information is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode.

[0147] In one possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure, or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. In this embodiment, the IoT device can report its desired operating mode when reporting its unique identifier to the reader during a two-step or four-step random access procedure with the reader. For example, the IoT device can trigger operating mode selection when sending message A in a two-step random access procedure, or when sending message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. Further, in the two-step random access procedure, after determining the desired operating mode based on type, function, or operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can send the Electronic Product Code (EPC) and the current desired operating mode to the reader via message A in the two-step random access procedure. The EPC is the unique identifier of the IoT device, helping the reader identify different IoT devices. Alternatively, in the four-step random access process, if message 0 or the initial message sent by the reader to the IoT device is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, the IoT device can determine the desired working mode based on type, function, or working mode selection conditions after receiving message 0 or the initial message, and report the desired working mode when sending message 1 to the reader; that is, message 1 may include information about the desired working mode. Alternatively, in the four-step random access process, the first message can be message 3 in the four-step random access process, that is, the IoT device sends its own EPC to the reader, and message 3 may also include information about the desired working mode. Optionally, the above embodiments describe three possible implementation methods, and other examples are also possible; no specific limitations are made in the embodiments of this application.

[0148] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate the desired operating mode of the IoT device to the reader. In this embodiment, the IoT device can send its desired operating mode to the reader via implicit reporting. For example, the IoT device can generate corresponding random numbers for different operating modes and indicate different desired operating modes to the reader by reporting different random numbers. Exemplarily, the reader and the IoT device can generate random numbers according to the same rules. For example, the IoT device can have a corresponding random number generator, and the rules for generating random numbers are the same as those for the reader's random number generator. If the IoT device generates multiple random numbers, each different random number can correspond to a different operating mode, and the reader's random number generator can also include these multiple random numbers. For example, suppose the random number generator corresponding to the IoT device generates two random numbers, and the random number generator corresponding to the reader also generates the above two random numbers. These two random numbers can correspond to the first working mode and the second working mode, respectively. The first message sent by the IoT device to the reader may include the random number corresponding to the first working mode or the second working mode. After receiving the random number, the reader can determine the expected working mode reported by the IoT device based on the working mode corresponding to the random number.

[0149] Step S302: The reader sends a second message to the IoT device.

[0150] Specifically, the second message includes second indication information, which is used to indicate the target operating mode of the IoT device. The target operating mode is determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode. The reader can determine the target operating mode based on the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device and configure the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode. For example, the reader can send the second indication information to the IoT device during message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure. This second indication information can be used to indicate the target operating mode to the IoT device. The target operating mode can be a target operating mode comprehensively determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode. The target operating mode and the desired operating mode can be the same or different. For example, assuming the target operating mode and the desired operating mode are the same, if the desired operating mode received by the reader is a work cycle mode, the target operating mode determined by the reader for the IoT device is a work cycle mode. Furthermore, in this example, the reader can comprehensively determine the parameters of the IoT device in the work cycle mode (e.g., one or more of the following: the period of the work cycle mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period) based on the period and working duration of the work cycle mode of one or more IoT devices. The reader can notify the IoT device via a second message that the target operating mode is the working cycle mode and the corresponding parameters, so as to configure the IoT device to operate in the working cycle mode based on the parameters in the working cycle mode.

[0151] In one possible implementation, the second message is message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure. Message B (e.g., MsgB) in the two-step random access procedure or message 4 (e.g., Msg4) in the four-step random access procedure may include information about the target operating mode. The IoT device can operate in the target operating mode and transmit data with the reader according to the target operating mode. See details... Figure 6 The corresponding step S604 or Figure 7A The corresponding embodiment of step S706A will not be described in detail here.

[0152] In one possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes: determining a random access process that completes a two-step or four-step random access procedure based on random access indication information. In this embodiment, the IoT device can complete a two-step or four-step random access procedure before sending the first message to the reader, and after completing the above random access procedure, the IoT device determines the target operating mode by transmitting the first and second messages with the reader. For specific embodiments of this application where the IoT device completes a two-step or four-step random access procedure before sending the first message to the reader, please refer to... Figure 8 The corresponding steps S801-S807 and Figure 9 The corresponding steps are S901-S908.

[0153] Step S303: The IoT device operates in the target operating mode.

[0154] Specifically, based on the target operating mode indicated by the second indication information in the second message, the IoT device operates in the target operating mode. For example, assuming the target operating mode includes a first operating mode and a second operating mode, if the target operating mode received by the IoT device is the first operating mode (e.g., always-on mode), the IoT device can operate in the first operating mode, meaning the IoT device can continuously maintain an effective working state and transmit data with the reader. If the target operating mode received by the IoT device is the second operating mode (e.g., working cycle mode), the second message received by the IoT device from the reader may include parameters for the working cycle mode in addition to the target operating mode, to configure the IoT device to operate in the working cycle mode based on these parameters.

[0155] In one possible implementation, the step of the IoT device operating in the target operating mode indicated by the second indication information further includes: the IoT device operating in the target operating mode and transmitting data with the reader. In this embodiment, after the IoT device and the reader determine the target operating mode through the interaction of a first message and a second message, the IoT device can operate in the target operating mode and perform operations such as data transmission with the reader. For example, assuming the IoT device operates in a first operating mode (e.g., always-on mode), the reader can continuously transmit data with the IoT device; if the IoT device operates in a second operating mode (e.g., a cycle mode), the reader can periodically transmit data with the IoT device, and this period can be determined based on the IoT device's cycle mode parameters.

[0156] Optionally, the above Figures 1A-3CThe corresponding embodiments describe the system architecture and communication method flow of the IoT device. The communication flow between the IoT device and the reader can include various possible implementations, such as (i) determining the working mode of the IoT device, (ii) determining the working mode of the IoT device after triggering the working mode selection, (iii) determining the working mode of the IoT device in a two-step random access process, (iv) determining the working mode of the IoT device in a four-step random access process, (v) determining the working mode of the IoT device after completing the two-step random access process, and (vi) determining the working mode of the IoT device after completing the four-step random access process. The IoT device in any of the following six implementations can be an environmental IoT device. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 4-9 .

[0157] (a) Determine the working mode of IoT devices.

[0158] Specifically, IoT devices can determine and report their desired operating mode based on their own type or function. This desired operating mode can be a first operating mode or a second operating mode, and operate according to the target operating mode configured by the reader. Optionally, if the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device is the second operating mode, i.e., a work cycle mode, the IoT device can also report information about the cycle period and the duration of operation within the cycle, and receive one or more pieces of information configured by the reader regarding the cycle period, the duration of operation within the cycle, and the start time of the cycle. See details below. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an instruction flow interaction provided in an embodiment of this application. The interaction flow may include the following steps S401-S404.

[0159] Step S401: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0160] Specifically, in this application embodiment, the IoT device can determine the desired operating mode based on its own operating conditions (e.g., type or function). For example, assuming the desired operating mode may include a first operating mode and a second operating mode, in an example where the IoT device determines the desired operating mode based on its own type, the IoT device may determine the desired operating mode by combining one or more of the following: the uplink transmission method with the reader, the presence or absence of a power amplifier (PA), the uplink transmission power, and the frequency modulation range. See also... Figures 1A-2DThe corresponding embodiments describe that the types of IoT devices can include device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. Assuming the IoT device type is device 1, since device 1 does not include a power amplifier (PA), has low uplink power, and low power consumption, the first operating mode can be determined as the desired operating mode, allowing IoT devices of device 1 type to remain in an effective operating state for a longer period. Alternatively, assuming the IoT device type is device 2b, since device 2b has a PA, medium uplink power, and high power consumption, the operating cycle mode can be determined as the desired operating mode, allowing the IoT device to perform energy harvesting within the cycle and remain in an effective operating state for the duration of the cycle. Alternatively, the IoT device can also determine the desired operating mode based on its own functions, taking energy storage methods (e.g., radio frequency energy, solar energy, electrical energy, etc.) as an example. If the energy storage efficiency of the IoT device's energy storage method is high, the first operating mode can be determined as the desired operating mode. If the energy storage efficiency of the IoT device's energy storage method is low, the second operating mode can be determined as the desired operating mode. It is understood that the above embodiments, where the IoT device determines the desired operating mode based on its own type or function, are only one possible implementation method; other examples are also possible, and this application does not impose specific limitations on these embodiments.

[0161] Step S402: The IoT device reports the desired operating mode and the corresponding parameters (if any) to the reader.

[0162] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, the IoT device can report its desired operating mode to the reader via uplink transmission. For example, the uplink transmission method from the IoT device to the reader can include backscatter or direct transmission; see, for example, [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1A-2D The corresponding embodiment describes that the types of IoT devices may include device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. If the IoT device type is device 1 or device 2a, the IoT device can transmit uplink data to the reader via backscatter and report the desired operating mode. If the IoT device type is device 2b, the IoT device can transmit uplink data to the reader via direct transmission and report the desired operating mode. Further, if the desired operating mode of the IoT device is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader may also include parameters corresponding to the second operating mode (e.g., the work cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the operating duration within the cycle.

[0163] Step S403: The reader configures the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0164] Specifically, in this embodiment, the reader can determine the target operating mode based on the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode. The target operating mode and the desired operating mode can be the same or different. Furthermore, in an example where the target operating mode and the desired operating mode are the same, and the desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target operating mode based on the parameters reported by the IoT device corresponding to the desired operating mode. See [link to relevant documentation] for details. Figure 3A The embodiments corresponding to step S302 are described in detail here.

[0165] Step S404: The IoT device and the reader transmit data.

[0166] Specifically, in this embodiment, the reader can determine the data transmission time window based on the target operating mode of the IoT device to ensure the effectiveness and stability of communication with the target IoT device. For example, if the IoT device is operating in a first operating mode, the reader can continuously transmit data with the IoT device; if the IoT device is operating in a working cycle mode, the reader can transmit data with the IoT device when it is turned on. A detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the reader transmitting data with the IoT device based on the target operating mode of the IoT device can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3B and Figure 3C The corresponding implementation examples are described in detail here.

[0167] (ii) Determine the working mode of the IoT device after triggering the working mode selection.

[0168] Specifically, in Figure 4 Before the corresponding step S401, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device. This third message is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on working mode selection conditions. See details below. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a trigger working mode selection instruction flow provided in the embodiments of this application. The flow may include the following steps S501-S505.

[0169] Step S501: The reader sends a third message to the IoT device, and the third message or the trigger working mode selection information in the third message is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode.

[0170] Specifically, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device. This third message itself, or the triggering operating mode selection information included in the third message, can be used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode based on type or function. If the third message, in addition to including the triggering operating mode selection information, further includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select the operating mode based on these conditions. For example, assuming the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, and these conditions include a threshold value, the IoT device can select the operating mode based on the relationship between the threshold value and the corresponding radio frequency power value in the third message. See [link to documentation] for details. Figure 3A The embodiments corresponding to step S301 are described in detail here.

[0171] Step S502: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0172] Specifically, IoT devices determine their desired operating mode (e.g., always-on mode or cycle mode) based on their own type or function. Optionally, if the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select the operating mode based on these conditions. For example, assuming the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, which can be a threshold value, the IoT device can determine its desired operating mode by comparing the RF power value corresponding to the third message sent by the reader with the threshold value. Assuming the reader's configured threshold value is -20 dBm and the RF power value corresponding to the third message is -15 dBm, because this RF power value is greater than the threshold value, the IoT device can determine the first operating mode (e.g., always-on mode) as its desired operating mode. If the threshold value is -20 dBm and the RF power value corresponding to the third message is -30 dBm, since this RF power value is less than the threshold value, the IoT device can determine the second operating mode (e.g., a working cycle mode) as the desired operating mode and configure the cycle period and operating duration of the second operating mode based on the energy harvesting information of the IoT device. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding IoT devices determining their desired operating mode based on their own type or function, please refer to... Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S401 will not be repeated here.

[0173] Step S503: The IoT device reports the desired operating mode and the corresponding parameters (if any) to the reader.

[0174] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device can report its desired operating mode by sending a first message to the reader. Further, if the IoT device's desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader may also include parameters corresponding to the second operating mode (e.g., the work cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the operating duration within the cycle. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the IoT device reporting its desired operating mode via the first message, please refer to... Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S402 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0175] Step S504: The reader configures the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0176] Specifically, the reader can determine the target operating mode based on the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode. The target operating mode and the desired operating mode can be the same or different. Furthermore, in an example where the target operating mode and the desired operating mode are the same, and the desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target operating mode based on the parameters reported by the IoT device that correspond to the desired operating mode. See [link to details] for further information. Figure 3A The embodiments corresponding to step S302 are described in detail here.

[0177] Step S505: The IoT device and the reader transmit data.

[0178] Specifically, in this embodiment, the reader can determine the data transmission time window based on the target operating mode of the IoT device to ensure the effectiveness and stability of communication with the target IoT device. For a detailed description of specific embodiments of data transmission between the reader and the IoT device based on the target operating mode of the IoT device, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3B and Figure 3C The corresponding implementation examples are described in detail here.

[0179] (iii) Determine the working mode of IoT devices in the two-step random access process.

[0180] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device and the reader can establish random access through a two-step random access process, during which the target operating mode of the IoT device is determined. See details... Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application. The interaction process may include the following steps S601-S604.

[0181] Step S601: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions.

[0182] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device and the reader transmit message 0 or the initial message in a two-step random access process. This means that the IoT device initiates random access through a Round start message and / or a Slot start message. The Message 0 or the initial message may also include trigger working mode selection information, which can be used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode. Optionally, in addition to the trigger working mode selection information, the Message 0 or the initial message may also include information about working mode selection conditions, which the IoT device can use to select a working mode. For example, in the two-step random access process, the Round start message can be used to indicate the start of a new round, that is, to indicate a new round of random access between the reader and the IoT device. In this embodiment, the Round start message can also be used to trigger the IoT device to select a desired working mode. In the two-step random access process, the Slot Start message can be used to indicate when the random access begins, that is, to instruct the reader and the IoT device to randomly access each other within a specific time window. In this embodiment, the reader can trigger the IoT device to select its operating mode by sending a Slot Start message. For a detailed description of specific embodiments of triggering the IoT device to select its operating mode, or triggering the IoT device to select its operating mode based on operating mode selection conditions, please refer to... Figure 4 intermediate step S401 or Figure 5 The embodiments corresponding to step S502 are described in detail here.

[0183] Step S602: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0184] Specifically, IoT devices can determine their desired operating mode (e.g., always-on mode or operating cycle mode) based on their own type (e.g., three types: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method). Optionally, if the aforementioned message 0 or the initial message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select its operating mode based on those conditions. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding IoT devices determining their desired operating mode based on their own type or function, please refer to... Figure 4 intermediate step S401 or Figure 5 The embodiments corresponding to step S502 are described in detail here.

[0185] Step S603: The IoT device sends message A to the reader to report the desired operating mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired operating mode (if they exist).

[0186] Specifically, the IoT device and the reader transmit message A (e.g., MsgA) in a two-step random access procedure to report the desired operating mode. The desired operating mode can be reported explicitly directly or implicitly via random numbers. Further, if the IoT device's desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader may also include parameters corresponding to the second operating mode (e.g., the work cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the operating duration within the cycle. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the IoT device reporting its desired operating mode and corresponding parameters (if any) via message A in the two-step random access procedure, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3A The embodiments corresponding to step S301 are described in detail here.

[0187] Step S604: The reader sends message B to the IoT device to configure the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0188] Specifically, during the two-step random access process between the reader and the IoT device, the reader can transmit message B (e.g., MsgB) to the IoT device. Message B can be used for conflict resolution and may include information about the target operating mode, or information about the target operating mode and its corresponding parameters, to configure the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode. The target operating mode is determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode in step S603, and the target operating mode and the desired operating mode may be the same or different. For example, the IoT device can send a specific identifier (such as EPC in step S603) to the reader via message A. After receiving messages A from multiple IoT devices, the reader can select a target IoT device and send message B to that target IoT device. Message B may include information about the target IoT device's EPC. The IoT device receiving message B can determine whether the competition was successful by comparing its own EPC with the EPC in message B. If the EPC in the message B received by the target IoT device matches its own EPC, the target IoT device is deemed to have successfully competed in conflict resolution and can proceed with the subsequent random access process with the reader. For a detailed description of specific implementations regarding the reader's determination of operating modes and parameters, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S403 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0189] (iv) Determine the working mode of IoT devices in the four-step random access process.

[0190] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, the IoT device and the reader can randomly access each other through a four-step random access process, and the target working mode of the IoT device is determined in the random access process. In the four-step random access process, depending on the different steps in which the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode and report the desired working mode, the following three situations can be included: the first situation (the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode in message 0 or the initial message, and reports the desired working mode through message 3), the second situation (the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode in message 0 or the initial message, and reports the desired working mode through message 0 or the initial message), and the third situation (the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode in message 2, and reports the desired working mode through message 3).

[0191] In the example of the first scenario, the IoT device is triggered to select its operating mode in message 0 or the initial message of the four-step random access process, or the IoT device is triggered to select its operating mode and send the operating mode selection conditions, and the desired operating mode is reported through message 3. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7A , Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application. The interaction process may include the following steps S701A-S706A.

[0192] Step S701A: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions.

[0193] Specifically, in this embodiment, the reader communicates with the IoT device via message 0 or initial message in the four-step random access process. Message 0 or initial message may include triggering working mode selection information, which is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired working mode based on type or function. If message 0 or initial message includes information about working mode selection conditions in addition to the triggering working mode selection information, the IoT device can select a working mode based on these conditions. For specific embodiments of the reader sending message 0 or initial message to the IoT device to trigger working mode selection, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on working mode selection conditions, please refer to [link to specific embodiments]. Figure 6 The corresponding embodiment of step S601 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0194] Step S702A: The IoT device sends message 1 to the reader.

[0195] Specifically, IoT devices can transmit message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in the four-step random access process with the reader, meaning that IoT devices can report random numbers to the reader for identification.

[0196] Step S703A: The reader sends message 2 to the IoT device.

[0197] Specifically, the reader can send message 2 to the IoT device. This message 2 can be message 2 in the four-step random access process, used for conflict resolution with the IoT device. For a description of the conflict resolution embodiments in this application, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The embodiments corresponding to step S604 are described in detail here.

[0198] Step S704A: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0199] Specifically, IoT devices determine their desired operating mode (e.g., always-on mode or operating cycle mode) based on their own type (e.g., device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method). Optionally, if the aforementioned message 0 or initial message includes information about operating mode selection conditions in addition to triggering the operating mode selection information, the IoT device can select its operating mode based on these conditions. For a detailed description of specific embodiments for determining the desired operating mode based on the IoT device's operating status, please refer to... Figure 4 Step S401 and Figure 5 The embodiment corresponding to step S502 in the previous section is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0200] Step S705A: The IoT device sends message 3 to the reader to report the desired operating mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired operating mode (if they exist).

[0201] Specifically, in the four-step random access process between the IoT device and the reader, message 1 (e.g., Msg1) is transmitted. This means that the IoT device reports a random number to the reader for identification, and message 1 can carry the IoT device's desired operating mode. If the desired operating mode is a work cycle mode, the IoT device can also report the cycle period and the duration of operation within the cycle to the reader through message 1.

[0202] Step S706A: The reader sends message 4 to the IoT device to configure the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0203] Specifically, the reader can send message 4 to the IoT device to configure the IoT device to operate in a target operating mode. Message 4 may include the target operating mode determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode. The target operating mode and the desired operating mode may be the same or different. This message 4 can be message 4 (Msg4) in the four-step random access process, i.e., the reader sends determining information to the IoT device. Furthermore, in the example where the target operating mode and the desired operating mode are the same, and the desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target operating mode based on the parameters reported by the IoT device that correspond to the desired operating mode. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the reader's determination of the operating mode and parameters, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S403 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0204] Next, we introduce the second scenario: In the four-step random access process, the IoT device is triggered to select its operating mode in message 0 or the initial message, or the IoT device is triggered to select its operating mode and send the operating mode selection conditions, and the desired operating mode is reported through message 1. For details, please refer to... Figure 7B , Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of another four-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application. The interaction process may include the following steps S701B-S706B.

[0205] Step S701B: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions.

[0206] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device and the reader transmit message 0 or the initial message in the four-step random access process. That is, the random access process between the IoT device and the reader is initiated through a Round start message and / or a Slot start message. The message 0 or the initial message may also include information about triggering the IoT device to select a working mode. This triggering information is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired working mode based on type or function. If the message 0 or the initial message includes information about working mode selection conditions in addition to the triggering information, the IoT device can select a working mode based on these conditions. For specific embodiments of how the IoT device and the reader trigger the IoT device to select a working mode using message 0 or the initial message, or how the IoT device triggers the IoT device to select a working mode based on working mode selection conditions, please refer to [link to specific embodiments]. Figure 6 The corresponding embodiment of step S601 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0207] Step S702B: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0208] Specifically, the IoT device determines its desired operating mode based on its own type (e.g., device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method). This desired operating mode can be a first operating mode or a second operating mode. Optionally, if the aforementioned message 0 or the initial message also includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select its operating mode based on these conditions. For a detailed description of specific embodiments for determining the desired operating mode based on the IoT device's operating status, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 Step S401 and Figure 5 The embodiment corresponding to step S502 in the previous section is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0209] Step S703B: The IoT device sends message 1 to the reader to report the desired operating mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired operating mode (if they exist).

[0210] Specifically, in the four-step random access process between the IoT device and the reader, message 1 (e.g., Msg1) is transmitted. This means the IoT device reports a random number to the reader for identification, and message 1 may include information about the IoT device's desired operating mode. Furthermore, if the IoT device's desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader may also include parameters corresponding to the second operating mode (e.g., the work cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the duration of operation within that cycle.

[0211] Step S704B: The reader sends message 2 to the IoT device.

[0212] Specifically, the reader can send message 2 to the IoT device. This message 2 can be message 2 in the four-step random access process, used for conflict resolution with the IoT device. For a detailed description of conflict resolution in the embodiments of this application, please refer to... Figure 7A The embodiments corresponding to step S704A are described in detail here.

[0213] Step S705B: The IoT device sends message 3 to the reader.

[0214] Specifically, in the four-step random access process between the IoT device and the reader, message 3 (e.g., Msg3) is transmitted. Message 3 can be the IoT device sending its own EPC to the reader. The EPC code is the unique identification code of the IoT device, which helps the reader distinguish different IoT devices.

[0215] Step S706B: The reader sends message 4 to the IoT device to configure the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0216] Specifically, the reader can determine the target operating mode of the IoT device based on the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device through message 1 in step S703B, and configure the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist) by sending message 4 to the IoT device. See details in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7A The corresponding embodiment of step S706A is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0217] Next, we will introduce the third scenario: in message 2 of the four-step random access process, the IoT device is triggered to select its operating mode, or the IoT device is triggered to select its operating mode and send the operating mode selection conditions, and the desired operating mode is reported through message 3. See details in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7C , Figure 7C This is a schematic diagram of another four-step random access process provided in the embodiments of this application. The interaction process may include the following steps S701C-S706C.

[0218] Step S701C: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device.

[0219] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, the IoT device and the reader transmit message 0 or the initial message in the four-step random access process, that is, random access is performed between the IoT device and the period (Round) start message and / or slot (Slot) start message.

[0220] Step S702C: The IoT device sends message 1 to the reader.

[0221] Specifically, the IoT device and the reader transmit message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in the four-step random access process, that is, the IoT device reports a random number to the reader to generate a random access identifier so that the reader can identify and process access requests from different IoT devices.

[0222] Step S703C: The reader sends message 2 to the IoT device to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions.

[0223] Specifically, the reader can send message 2 to the IoT device. Message 2 can be message 2 in the four-step random access process, i.e., conflict resolution. In this embodiment, message 2 can be used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or message 2 can include information about triggering the working mode selection and the working mode selection conditions. The IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions. For example, the IoT device sends a random access identifier (such as a random access identifier generated based on the random number in step S702C) to the reader via message 1. After receiving messages 1 from multiple IoT devices, the reader selects a target IoT device and sends message 2 to the target IoT device. Message 2 can include information about the unique random number generated by the target IoT device. The IoT device that receives message 2 can determine whether the competition is successful by comparing its own generated random number with the random number in message 2. If the random number in message 2 received by the target IoT device matches its own generated random number, it is determined that the target IoT device has successfully competed in the conflict resolution and can proceed with the subsequent random access process with the reader. For a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the reader sending messages to IoT devices to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 The corresponding embodiment of step S501 will not be repeated here.

[0224] Step S704C: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0225] Specifically, the IoT device determines its desired operating mode (e.g., a first operating mode or a second operating mode) based on its own type (e.g., three types: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method). Optionally, if the aforementioned message 2 includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select its operating mode based on these conditions. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the IoT device determining its desired operating mode based on its own type or function, please refer to... Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S401 will not be repeated here.

[0226] Step S705C: The IoT device sends message 3 to the reader to report the desired operating mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired operating mode (if they exist).

[0227] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device and the reader transmit message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in the four-step random access process, and report the desired operating mode. The reporting method can be explicit direct reporting or implicit reporting via random numbers. Further, if the IoT device's desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader may also include parameters corresponding to the second operating mode (e.g., the work cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the operating duration within the cycle. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the IoT device reporting its desired operating mode to the reader and the parameters corresponding to the desired operating mode, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The corresponding embodiment of step S603 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0228] Step S706C: The reader sends message 4 to the IoT device to configure the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0229] Specifically, the reader can determine the target operating mode of the IoT device based on the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device via message 3 in step S705C, and configure the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist) by sending message 4 to the IoT device. See details in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7A The corresponding embodiment of step S706A is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0230] (v) Determine the working mode of the IoT device after the two-step random access process is completed.

[0231] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, before the IoT device sends the desired operating mode to the reader, the IoT device can complete a two-step random access process with the reader, and based on... Figure 4 or Figure 5 The corresponding implementation description determines the target operating mode of the IoT device. See details in the documentation. Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access procedure with prior interaction provided in an embodiment of this application. The interaction procedure may include the following steps S801-S807.

[0232] Step S801: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device.

[0233] Specifically, the reader can send message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device, which can be message 0 or an initial message in a two-step random access process.

[0234] Step S802: The IoT device sends message A to the reader.

[0235] Specifically, the IoT device sends message A to the reader. Message A can be message A in the two-step random access process, namely EPC. EPC is the unique identification code of the IoT device, which helps the reader distinguish different IoT devices in random access.

[0236] Step S803: The reader sends message B to the IoT device.

[0237] Specifically, the reader can send message B to the IoT device. This message B can be message B in the two-step random access process, used for conflict resolution with the IoT device.

[0238] Step S804: The reader sends a third message to the IoT device, and the third message or the trigger working mode selection information in the third message is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode.

[0239] Specifically, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device. This third message itself, or the triggering operating mode selection information included in the third message, can be used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode based on type or function. If the third message, in addition to including the triggering operating mode selection information, further includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select the operating mode based on these conditions. See details below. Figure 3A The embodiments corresponding to step S301 are described in detail here.

[0240] Step S805: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of the IoT device.

[0241] Specifically, the IoT device determines its desired operating mode (e.g., a first operating mode or a second operating mode) based on its own type (e.g., three types: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method). Optionally, if the R2D message in step S804 above also includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select the operating mode based on these conditions. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the IoT device determining its desired operating mode, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 intermediate step S401 or Figure 5 The embodiments corresponding to step S502 are described in detail here.

[0242] Step S806: The IoT device reports the desired operating mode and the corresponding parameters (if any) to the reader.

[0243] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device can send a D2R message to the reader via uplink transmission and report its desired operating mode. The D2R message may include information about the desired operating mode. Further, if the IoT device's desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader may also include parameters corresponding to the second operating mode (e.g., the work cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the operating duration within the cycle. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the reporting of desired operating modes by the IoT device, please refer to [link to specific embodiments]. Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S402 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0244] Step S807: The reader configures the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0245] Specifically, the reader can determine the target operating mode based on the desired operating mode information reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode. The target operating mode and the desired operating mode can be the same or different. Furthermore, in an example where the target operating mode and the desired operating mode are the same, and the desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target operating mode based on the parameters reported by the IoT device that correspond to the desired operating mode. See [link to details] for further information. Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S403 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0246] (vi) Determine the working mode of the IoT device after the four-step random access process is completed.

[0247] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, before the IoT device sends the desired operating mode to the reader, the IoT device can complete a four-step random access process with the reader, and based on... Figure 4 or Figure 5 The corresponding implementation description determines the target operating mode of the IoT device. See details in the documentation. Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access process with prior interaction provided in the embodiments of this application. The interaction process may include the following steps S901-S908.

[0248] Step S901: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device.

[0249] Specifically, the reader can send message 0 or initial message to the IoT device, which can be message 0 or initial message in the four-step random access process.

[0250] Step S902: The IoT device sends message 1 to the reader.

[0251] Specifically, the IoT device can send message 1 to the reader, which can be message 1 in the four-step random access process, i.e., a random number.

[0252] Step S903: The reader sends message 2 to the IoT device.

[0253] Specifically, the reader can send message 2 to the IoT device. This message 2 can be message 2 in the four-step random access process, used for conflict resolution with the IoT device.

[0254] Step S904: The IoT device sends message 3 to the reader.

[0255] Specifically, the IoT device can send message 3 to the reader. Message 3 can be message 3 in the four-step random access process, that is, the IoT device sends its own EPC to the reader.

[0256] Step S905: The reader sends a third message to the IoT device, and the third message or the trigger working mode selection information in the third message is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode.

[0257] Specifically, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device. This third message itself, or the triggering operating mode selection information included in the third message, can be used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode based on type or function. If the third message, in addition to including the triggering operating mode selection information, further includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select the operating mode based on these conditions. See details below. Figure 3A The embodiments corresponding to step S301 are described in detail here.

[0258] Step S906: Determine the desired operating mode based on the operating status of IoT devices.

[0259] Specifically, the IoT device determines its desired operating mode based on its own type (e.g., device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage method). This desired operating mode can be a first operating mode or a second operating mode. Optionally, if the R2D message in step S905 includes information about operating mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select its operating mode based on these conditions. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the IoT device determining its desired operating mode based on its own type or function, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 intermediate step S401 or Figure 5 The embodiments corresponding to step S502 are described in detail here.

[0260] Step S907: The IoT device reports the desired operating mode and the corresponding parameters (if any) to the reader.

[0261] Specifically, in this embodiment, the IoT device can send a D2R message to the reader via uplink transmission. This D2R message may include information about the desired operating mode. If the desired operating mode is a second operating mode, the R2D message may also include information about the cycle period and the duration of operation within that cycle. For a detailed description of specific embodiments regarding the reporting of desired operating modes by the IoT device, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S402 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0262] Step S908: The reader configures the target operating mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target operating mode (if they exist).

[0263] Specifically, the reader can determine the target operating mode based on the desired operating mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to operate in the target operating mode. The target operating mode and the desired operating mode can be the same or different. Furthermore, in an example where the target operating mode and the desired operating mode are the same, and the desired operating mode is a second operating mode (e.g., a work cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target operating mode based on the parameters reported by the IoT device that correspond to the desired operating mode. See [link to details] for further information. Figure 4 The corresponding embodiment of step S403 is described, and will not be repeated here.

[0264] It is understandable that when one reader corresponds to multiple IoT devices, that is, multiple IoT devices communicate with the reader in the aforementioned way. Figures 3A-9 Following the communication interaction process described above, IoT devices can operate in the corresponding working mode determined by the above communication interaction process and report various IoT device status information to the reader. For example, when the message sent by the IoT device to the reader includes information about the IoT device's unique identifier and current operating status, an inventory function between the reader and the IoT device can be completed.

[0265] The methods of the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. A related apparatus of the embodiments of this application is provided below.

[0266] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The first communication device 100 can be an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The first communication device 100 may include a first message sending and receiving unit 1001, a first working mode determination unit 1002, and a first random access unit 1003. The detailed description of each unit is as follows.

[0267] The first message receiving unit 1001 is used to send a first message to the reader, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the desired working mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0268] In one possible implementation, the first message sending and receiving unit 1001 is specifically used for:

[0269] The reader receives a second message, the second message including second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate the target operating mode of the IoT device, the target operating mode being determined by the reader based on the desired operating mode;

[0270] The first message receiving unit 1001 is specifically used for:

[0271] The device receives a third message sent by the reader, which triggers the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode.

[0272] In one possible implementation, the third message includes information about the working mode selection conditions; the first message receiving unit 1001 is specifically used for:

[0273] The IoT device selects its operating mode based on the information regarding the operating mode selection criteria.

[0274] In one possible implementation, the third message is message 0 or the initial message Initialmsg in a two-step random access procedure, or message 0, the initial message, or message 2 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0275] In one possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure, or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0276] In one possible implementation, the second message is message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0277] The first working mode determination unit 1002 configures the Internet of Things device to work in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information.

[0278] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter, which includes one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period; the first working mode determination unit 1002 is specifically used for:

[0279] The IoT device operates in the target working mode indicated by the second indication information by configuring the working cycle mode parameters.

[0280] In one possible implementation, the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device; or, the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device and the communication method between the IoT device and the reader.

[0281] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0282] In one possible implementation, the first working mode determining unit 1002, if the information regarding the working mode selection conditions includes a threshold value, is specifically used for:

[0283] If the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message is greater than the threshold value, then the first working mode is determined as the desired working mode of the IoT device.

[0284] In response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value, the second operating mode is determined as the desired operating mode of the IoT device.

[0285] In one possible implementation, the desired operating mode is either a first operating mode or a second operating mode; the first operating mode is an Always ON mode; and the second operating mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0286] In one possible implementation, if the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message further includes the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period, wherein the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: the energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node of the IoT device.

[0287] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter, which includes one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period; based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the first working mode determination unit 1002 is specifically used for:

[0288] Based on the aforementioned work cycle mode parameters, the IoT device operates in the target work mode.

[0289] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate to the reader the desired operating mode of the IoT device.

[0290] The first random access unit 1003 is used to complete a random access process of two steps or four steps for the reader.

[0291] The methods of the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Another related apparatus of the embodiments of this application is provided below.

[0292] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The second communication device 101 can be a reader. The second communication device 101 may include a second message receiving unit 1011, a second working mode determination unit 1012, and a second random access unit 1013. The detailed description of each unit is as follows.

[0293] The second message receiving unit 1011 is used to receive a first message sent by an Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the desired working mode of the IoT device.

[0294] In one possible implementation, the second message sending and receiving unit 1011 is specifically used for:

[0295] A second message is sent to the IoT device, the second message including the second indication information.

[0296] In one possible implementation, the second message sending and receiving unit 1011 is specifically used for:

[0297] A third message is sent to the IoT device, the third message being used to trigger the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode.

[0298] In one possible implementation, the third message includes information about operating mode selection conditions, which are used to instruct the IoT device to determine the desired operating mode.

[0299] The second operating mode determination unit 1012 determines second indication information based on the first indication information. The second indication information is used to indicate the target operating mode of the Internet of Things device. The target operating mode is determined based on the desired operating mode.

[0300] In one possible implementation, the desired operating mode is either a first operating mode or a second operating mode; the first operating mode is an Always ON mode; and the second operating mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0301] In one possible implementation, if the desired operating mode is the second operating mode, the first message further includes the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period, wherein the period of the operating cycle mode and the operating duration within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: the energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance to the charging node of the IoT device.

[0302] In one possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter, which includes one or more of the following: the period of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, the working duration within the period, and the start time of the period; the second working mode determination unit 1012 is specifically used for:

[0303] The parameters of the work cycle mode are determined based on the cycle period and the working duration within the cycle.

[0304] In one possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, which is used to indicate to the reader the desired operating mode of the IoT device.

[0305] The second random access unit 1013 performs a random access process for the IoT device, either a two-step random access process or a four-step random access process.

[0306] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of another IoT device provided in an embodiment of this application. Exemplarily, the IoT device 1200 includes at least one processor 1201 and a memory 1202. The processor 1201 is coupled to the memory 1202; in this embodiment, the coupling can be a communication connection, an electrical connection, or other forms. Specifically, the memory 1202 is used to store program instructions. The processor 1201 is used to call the program instructions stored in the memory 1202, causing the IoT device 1200 to execute the steps performed by the IoT device 1200 in the communication method provided in this embodiment. The description of the relevant steps can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0307] It should be noted that the IoT device 1200 provided in this application embodiment may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The illustrated components can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination of software and hardware.

[0308] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another reader provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the reader 1300 includes at least one processor 1301 and a memory 1302. The processor 1301 is coupled to the memory 1302. In this embodiment, the coupling can be a communication connection, an electrical connection, or other forms. Specifically, the memory 1302 stores program instructions. The processor 1301 calls the program instructions stored in the memory 1302, causing the reader 1300 to execute the steps performed by the reader 1300 in the communication method provided in this embodiment. The description of these steps can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0309] It should be noted that the reader 1300 provided in this application embodiment may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The illustrated components can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination of software and hardware.

[0310] It should be understood that each step in the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor hardware or by instructions in software form. The method steps disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware processor, or being executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0311] This application also provides an electronic device, which may include a memory and a processor. The memory may be used to store a computer program; the processor may be used to invoke the computer program in the memory, causing the electronic device to execute the method executed on the electronic device side in any of the above embodiments.

[0312] This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor for implementing the functions involved on the electronic device side in any of the above embodiments.

[0313] In one possible design, the chip system also includes a memory for storing program instructions and data, which may be located within or outside the processor.

[0314] The chip system can consist of chips or include chips and other discrete components.

[0315] Optionally, the chip system may contain one or more processors. These processors can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, implemented by reading software code stored in memory.

[0316] Optionally, the chip system may contain one or more memories. The memory may be integrated with the processor or disposed separately from it; this application embodiment does not limit this. For example, the memory may be a non-transient processor, such as a read-only memory (ROM), which may be integrated with the processor on the same chip or disposed separately on different chips. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the type of memory or the arrangement of the memory and processor.

[0317] For example, the chip system may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a micro controller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0318] This application also provides a computer program product, the computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions), which, when the computer program is run, causes the computer to perform the method executed on the electronic device side in any of the above embodiments.

[0319] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions). When the computer program is run, it causes the computer to perform the method executed on the electronic device side in any of the above embodiments. The various embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0320] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0321] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0322] In summary, the above description is merely an embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made based on the disclosure of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: The method is applied to an Internet of Things device, and comprises the following steps: sending a first message to a reader, wherein the first message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a desired working mode of the Internet of Things device; receiving a second message sent by the reader, wherein the second message comprises second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the desired working mode; based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Before the step of sending the first message to the reader, the method further comprises the following steps: receiving a third message sent by the reader, and the third message is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the desired working mode.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Before the step of sending the first message to the reader, the method further comprises the following steps: determining the desired working mode based on a running condition of the Internet of Things device, wherein the running condition comprises one or more of a type of the Internet of Things device or a function of the Internet of Things device, and the function comprises an energy storage mode of the Internet of Things device.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device; or the type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on the power consumption of the Internet of Things device and a communication mode between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, The third message comprises information about a working mode selection condition; and the method further comprises the following steps: determining the desired working mode based on the working mode selection condition.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The information about the working mode selection condition comprises a threshold value; and the step of determining the desired working mode based on the working mode selection condition comprises the following steps: in response to a radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value, determining a first working mode as the desired working mode of the Internet of Things device; in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value, determining a second working mode as the desired working mode of the Internet of Things device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The desired working mode is the first working mode or the second working mode; the first working mode is an Always ON mode; and the second working mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, If the desired working mode is the second working mode, the first message further comprises a period of the Duty-cycle mode and a working time length within the period, and the period of the Duty-cycle mode and the working time length within the period are determined based on one or more of an energy storage function, a charging efficiency, a type of the Internet of Things device, and a distance between the Internet of Things device and a charging node.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, If the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further comprises a Duty-cycle mode parameter, and the Duty-cycle mode parameter comprises one or more of a period of a Duty-cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working time length within the period, and a starting time of the period. The step of, based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things device working in the target working mode, comprises the following steps: The IoT device works in the target working mode by configuring the target working mode indicated by the second indication information according to the working cycle mode parameter.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that, The third message is a message 0 or an initial message Initialmsg in a two-step random access procedure, or a message 0 or an initial message or a message 2 in a four-step random access procedure.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The first message is a message A in a two-step random access procedure or a message 1 or a message 3 in a four-step random access procedure.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The second message is a message B in a two-step random access procedure or a message 4 in a four-step random access procedure.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method further comprises, before the step of receiving the first message sent by the IoT device: The random access procedure of the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure is completed for the reader.

14. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected working mode of the IoT device to the reader.

15. A method of communication, comprising: The method applied to the reader comprises: Receiving a first message sent by an IoT device, wherein the first message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate an expected working mode of the IoT device; Sending a second message to the IoT device, wherein the second message comprises second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the IoT device, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the expected working mode.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The method further comprises, before the step of receiving the first message sent by the IoT device: Sending a third message to the IoT device, wherein the third message is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the expected working mode.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The third message comprises information about a working mode selection condition, and the working mode selection condition is used for the IoT device to determine the expected working mode.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized by, The expected working mode is a first working mode or a second working mode, the first working mode is an always on mode Always ON, and the second working mode is a duty cycle mode Duty-cycle.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, If the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further comprises a cycle of the duty cycle mode and a working duration in the cycle, and the cycle of the duty cycle mode and the working duration in the cycle are determined based on one or more of energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance from a charging node of the IoT device.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, If the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further comprises a duty cycle mode parameter, and the duty cycle mode parameter comprises one or more of a cycle of the duty cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working duration in the cycle, and a cycle start time. The method further comprises: Determining the duty cycle mode parameter based on the cycle of the duty cycle mode and the working duration in the cycle.

21. A communications device, characterized by The communication device comprises a processor and a storage medium, and the storage medium stores instructions, and the instructions are run by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20. The communication device comprises a processor and a storage medium, and the storage medium stores instructions, and the instructions are run by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20.

22. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program product comprises instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20 to be implemented.

23. A computer storage medium, comprising, The computer storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20.

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