Unmanned aerial vehicle carrying type low-damage insect negative pressure collection device and collection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying type low-damage insect negative pressure collecting device and a collecting method. Comprising an unmanned aerial vehicle, a negative pressure collecting module installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle body, an insect suction channel assembly communicating with the negative pressure collecting module, an airflow decoupling and guiding assembly arranged at the air inlet end of the insect suction channel assembly, and an insect buffering and collecting bin arranged at the tail end of the insect suction channel assembly. And the suction adjusting and controlling module is electrically connected with the negative pressure collecting module. According to the invention, airflow interference is effectively weakened, and airflow adsorption stability and collection accuracy are improved; dynamic adaptive adjustment of suction is realized, and the working condition adaptability of the device is enhanced; the insect damage rate is greatly reduced and the sample quality is guaranteed due to the multi-stage deceleration buffer design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of early warning technology for agricultural and forestry pests and diseases, and in particular to a drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device and collection method. Background Technology

[0002] Insect collection methods often rely on manual handheld tools (such as insect suction tubes and nets), which are not only inefficient and unable to cover large areas, high altitudes, or dense forests—complex or inaccessible areas—but also prone to mechanical damage to insects' morphology and structure during collection, affecting sample integrity and subsequent analytical accuracy. To overcome the limitations of manual collection, drone-mounted collection devices have gradually emerged as a solution, enabling large-scale, long-distance insect collection through the mobility of drones. Among these, negative pressure adsorption collection has become one of the mainstream methods for drone-mounted collection due to its ease of operation and good capture effect on small insects.

[0003] During drone flight, the rotor rotation generates a strong downwash airflow. However, most existing negative pressure collection devices lack effective airflow isolation and regulation structures, causing the adsorption airflow to directly overlap and interfere with the rotor downwash airflow, resulting in a turbulent adsorption airflow field and unstable flow velocity. This airflow interference not only reduces the success rate of capturing target insects but may also cause the collection device to deviate in its adsorption and positioning of insects due to airflow disturbances, making it impossible to accurately capture insect samples from the target area. Furthermore, slight changes in the drone's flight attitude (such as pitch and roll) can further exacerbate the fluctuations in negative pressure airflow, causing the adsorption suction to fluctuate and affecting collection stability. Therefore, we designed a drone-mounted, low-damage insect negative pressure collection device and method to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device and method. This device effectively reduces airflow interference, improves the stability of adsorption airflow and collection accuracy, achieves dynamic adaptation and adjustment of suction force to enhance the adaptability of the device under operating conditions, and features a multi-stage deceleration and buffer design to significantly reduce insect damage rate and ensure sample quality.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device includes a drone, a negative pressure collection module installed on the drone body, an insect-absorbing channel assembly connected to the negative pressure collection module, an airflow decoupling and guiding component located at the air inlet of the insect-absorbing channel assembly, an insect buffer collection chamber located at the end of the insect-absorbing channel assembly, and a suction adjustment and control module electrically connected to the negative pressure collection module. The airflow decoupling and guiding component arranges the air inlet direction of the insect-absorbing channel assembly non-coaxially with the downwash airflow direction of the drone rotor, forming a relatively independent negative pressure airflow channel to weaken the impact of rotor turbulence on the stability of the adsorbed airflow. The insect buffer collection chamber has at least two levels of buffer structure built-in to gradually reduce the movement speed of the insects during inhalation while maintaining negative pressure connection, thereby reducing damage to the insects' morphological structure. The suction adjustment and control module is used to adjust the suction power of the negative pressure collection module according to the drone's flight parameters.

[0006] Preferably, the negative pressure acquisition module is a miniature brushless centrifugal fan or a miniature vacuum pump, and a pressure stabilizing chamber is provided between the negative pressure acquisition module and the insect suction channel assembly. The pressure stabilizing chamber is used to reduce negative pressure fluctuations caused by changes in the flight attitude of the UAV.

[0007] Preferably, the suction adjustment and control module adjusts the rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module through a PWM signal, and the flight parameters include the flight altitude and flight speed of the UAV.

[0008] Preferably, the airflow decoupling and guiding component includes a guide shroud and a flow isolation cavity. The guide shroud guides the airflow direction, and the flow isolation cavity forms a relatively independent negative pressure airflow channel, thereby achieving decoupling between the adsorption airflow and the downwash airflow from the UAV rotor.

[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the insect suction channel assembly gradually changes along the direction of insect entry to form a deceleration structure, and the inner wall of the insect suction channel assembly is a smooth surface or covered with a flexible buffer coating.

[0010] Preferably, the two-stage buffer structure includes a front-stage rigid deceleration net and a rear-stage flexible buffer net, wherein the mesh size of the rigid deceleration net and the flexible buffer net gradually decreases along the direction in which the insect enters.

[0011] Preferably, the insect buffer collection chamber is a detachable collection box structure, which is used to achieve independent packaging and collection of samples from different sampling points, and the collection box is sealed and connected to the insect suction channel assembly to maintain a negative pressure environment.

[0012] Based on the above-mentioned device, the present invention also discloses an insect collection method, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Control the drone to fly to the target sampling area and adjust the flight attitude to make the airflow decoupling and the flow guidance components avoid the core area of ​​the rotor downwash disturbance. S2. The negative pressure acquisition module is activated through the suction adjustment and control module. The rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module is adjusted according to the current flight altitude and speed of the drone to form a stable adsorption airflow. S3. An independent negative pressure airflow channel is constructed by the airflow decoupling and the flow guide hood and the flow isolation cavity of the flow guide component, which guides the target insect to enter through the insect suction channel component. The insect is initially decelerated by the change of the diameter of the insect suction channel component. S4. After the insects enter the insect buffer collection chamber, they are gradually decelerated by a rigid deceleration net and a flexible buffer net to complete the low-damage capture. S5. After sampling is completed, turn off the negative pressure acquisition module, disassemble the insect buffer collection chamber, seal the sample, and proceed with the next round of sampling or recovery.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes airflow decoupling and a flow-guiding structure to arrange the adsorption airflow and the downwash airflow from the UAV rotor non-coaxially, forming an independent negative pressure airflow channel. This fundamentally isolates the influence of rotor turbulence on the adsorption airflow field, avoiding capture deviations caused by superimposed turbulent airflow. Simultaneously, the added pressure-stabilizing cavity between the negative pressure acquisition module and the insect-absorbing channel buffers negative pressure fluctuations caused by changes in the UAV's flight attitude, ensuring stable adsorption suction and airflow velocity, significantly improving the capture success rate and positioning accuracy of target insects in complex flight environments.

[0014] 2. The suction adjustment and control module can dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module through PWM signals based on the real-time flight parameters of the drone (such as flight altitude and flight speed), thereby precisely controlling the suction power. When the flight altitude is high, the suction power can be increased to form sufficient adsorption potential energy; when the flight speed is high and the environmental airflow disturbance is strong, the suction power can be adjusted to balance the adsorption effect and insect protection, avoiding capture failure or insect pulling damage caused by fixed suction power, so that the device can adapt to different flight conditions and collection scenarios.

[0015] 3. The insect suction channel uses a gradually changing tube diameter structure to initially decelerate the insect, and combined with a smooth inner wall or flexible buffer coating, it reduces frictional damage during the insect's movement. The two-stage buffer structure inside the insect buffer collection chamber gradually attenuates the insect's movement speed through a rigid deceleration net and a flexible buffer net, avoiding mechanical damage such as wing breakage and appendage detachment caused by the insect's high-speed impact on the collection chamber. In particular, it can protect the morphological structure and physiological activity of small and fragile insects, ensuring that the collected samples meet the high-precision research needs of subsequent morphological observation, molecular biological detection, etc.

[0016] 4. The detachable sealed collection chamber design enables independent packaging and rapid replacement of samples from multiple sampling points. This prevents cross-contamination caused by mixing samples from different sampling points, ensuring sample independence and detection accuracy. It also maintains sealing performance during disassembly, preventing insect escape and damage from negative pressure environment, thereby improving continuous sampling efficiency and sample integrity.

[0017] 5. The rational connection between the negative pressure acquisition module and the airflow channel, combined with the synergistic effect of the pressure stabilizing chamber and the airflow decoupling structure, effectively alleviates the problems of negative pressure fluctuations and airflow turbulence, enhancing the device's operational stability in large-area, complex terrain (high altitude, dense forest) scenarios. The overall structure is compact, adaptable to UAV carrying requirements, and balances acquisition efficiency, sample quality, and ease of operation, making it better suited for practical applications in fields such as ecological monitoring and pest and disease early warning compared to existing devices.

[0018] In summary, this invention effectively reduces airflow interference, improves the stability of adsorption airflow and the accuracy of collection; achieves dynamic adaptation and adjustment of suction force, enhancing the adaptability of the device under operating conditions; and features a multi-stage deceleration and buffer design, significantly reducing insect damage rate and ensuring sample quality. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of a drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of a drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third structure of a drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of a drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device proposed in this invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. UAV, 2. Negative pressure collection module, 3. Insect suction channel component, 4. Airflow decoupling and guiding component, 5. Insect buffer collection chamber, 6. Suction adjustment and control module, 31. Pressure stabilizing chamber, 41. Flow guide hood, 42. Flow isolation chamber, 51. Rigid deceleration net, 52. Flexible buffer net. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-4A drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device includes a drone body 1, a negative pressure collection module 2, an insect suction channel component 3, an airflow decoupling and guiding component 4, an insect buffer collection chamber 5, and a suction adjustment and control module 6. The components work together to achieve low-damage negative pressure collection of insects by the drone 1 in flight.

[0023] The negative pressure collection module 2 is installed below the main body of the UAV 1, relying on the main body of the UAV 1 for installation support and power supply, and is used to generate negative pressure adsorption airflow during operation; the negative pressure collection module 2 is connected to the insect buffer collection chamber 5 through the insect suction channel component 3, which provides a directional transmission path for insects and guides them into the buffer collection chamber 5.

[0024] The air intake end of the insect suction channel assembly 3 is equipped with an airflow decoupling and guiding assembly 4. The airflow decoupling and guiding assembly 4 works with the insect suction channel assembly 3 to optimize the air intake environment. This is to make the air intake direction of the insect suction channel assembly 3 non-coaxial with the airflow direction of the UAV 1 rotor downwash. It forms a relatively independent negative pressure airflow channel through the guide shroud 41 and the baffle cavity 42, thereby reducing the impact of the UAV 1 rotor turbulence on the stability of the adsorption airflow. (The guide shroud 41 adopts a streamlined curved surface design, which can guide the rotor downwash airflow to be split along the surface of the shroud. The baffle cavity 42 has a built-in guide plate, which makes the adsorption airflow form a spiral upward flow channel, achieving physical isolation and flow channel optimization dual decoupling with the downwash airflow. Compared with the traditional shielding structure, the stability of the adsorption airflow is improved by 40%.)

[0025] A pressure stabilizing chamber 31 is provided between the negative pressure collection module 2 and the insect suction channel component 3 to balance the airflow pressure between the two, thereby reducing the fluctuation effect of the flight attitude change of the UAV 1 on the negative pressure suction.

[0026] The insect buffer collection chamber 5 is located at the end of the insect suction channel assembly 3 and receives the insects transported by the insect suction channel assembly 3. It includes at least two-stage buffer structures: a rigid deceleration net 51 at the front and a flexible buffer net 52 at the rear. The two-stage buffer structures achieve deceleration and buffering step by step. As the insects enter the buffer collection chamber 5, their movement speed gradually decreases, thereby reducing damage to the insect's morphological structure. (The insect buffer collection chamber 5 has a built-in one-way flow guide valve, which only allows insects to enter the collection chamber from the insect suction channel. The valve closes automatically when disassembled. The top of the collection chamber is equipped with a vent hole (0.2mm in diameter) to balance the internal air pressure and prevent the insects from escaping due to airflow impact when opened.)

[0027] The suction adjustment and control module 6 is electrically connected to the negative pressure acquisition module 2. It responds to the flight parameters of the UAV 1 in real time and feeds them back to the negative pressure acquisition module 2. It is used to adjust the suction force of the negative pressure acquisition module 2 according to the flight altitude and speed of the UAV 1. In this embodiment, the suction adjustment and control module 6 adjusts the rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module 2 through a PWM signal to precisely control the suction output of the negative pressure acquisition module 2. (The suction adjustment and control module 6 obtains real-time flight parameters (altitude, speed) through the flight control system interface of the UAV 1, uses CAN bus communication, and the transmission delay is ≤100ms; the module has a built-in microcontroller (model STM32F103), which adjusts the rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module through a PWM signal (frequency 50Hz), with an adjustment accuracy of ±10rpm).

[0028] In some embodiments, the device may also be equipped with an insect-attracting component, which may be a high-contrast color attractant, a micro-vibration device, or a non-toxic odor release device, in conjunction with the insect-attracting channel component 3 to enhance the attraction effect on the target insects, thereby increasing the probability that the target insects will enter the insect-attracting channel component 3.

[0029] Based on the above-described device, the present invention also provides a method for collecting insects, comprising the following steps: S1. Control the drone 1 to fly to the target sampling area and adjust the flight attitude so that the airflow decoupling and the flow guiding component 4 avoids the core area of ​​the rotor downwash turbulence. S2. The negative pressure acquisition module 2 is activated by the suction adjustment and control module 6. The rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module 2 is adjusted according to the current flight altitude and flight speed of the drone 1 to form a stable adsorption airflow. S3. An independent negative pressure airflow channel is constructed by decoupling the airflow and guiding the flow hood 41 and the flow isolation cavity 42 of the flow guide component 4, guiding the target insect to enter through the insect suction channel component 3, and using the change of the pipe diameter of the insect suction channel component 3 to achieve the initial deceleration of the insect; S4. After the insects enter the insect buffer collection chamber 5, they are gradually decelerated by the rigid deceleration net 51 and the flexible buffer net 52 to complete the low-damage capture. S5. After sampling is completed, turn off the negative pressure acquisition module 2, disassemble the insect buffer collection chamber 5, seal the sample and proceed with the next round of sampling or recovery.

[0030] The above structure and method enable stable and low-damage collection of insects by UAV1 in flight.

Claims

1. A drone-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device, characterized in that, The device includes a drone (1), a negative pressure acquisition module (2) installed on the body of the drone (1), an insect suction channel assembly (3) connected to the negative pressure acquisition module (2), an airflow decoupling and guiding assembly (4) located at the air inlet of the insect suction channel assembly (3), an insect buffer collection chamber (5) located at the end of the insect suction channel assembly (3), and a suction adjustment and control module (6) electrically connected to the negative pressure acquisition module (2). The airflow decoupling and guiding component (4) makes the air intake direction of the insect suction channel component (3) non-coaxial with the airflow direction of the rotor downwash of the UAV (1), and forms a relatively independent negative pressure airflow channel to weaken the influence of rotor turbulence on the stability of the adsorption airflow. The insect buffer collection chamber (5) has at least two levels of buffer structure built in, which is used to gradually reduce the movement speed of insects during inhalation while maintaining negative pressure connection, thereby reducing damage to the insect's morphological structure. The suction adjustment and control module (6) is used to adjust the suction of the negative pressure acquisition module (2) according to the flight parameters of the UAV (1).

2. The UAV-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure acquisition module (2) is a miniature brushless centrifugal fan or a miniature vacuum pump, and a pressure stabilizing chamber (31) is provided between the negative pressure acquisition module (2) and the insect suction channel assembly (3). The pressure stabilizing chamber (31) is used to reduce the negative pressure fluctuation caused by the change in the flight attitude of the UAV (1).

3. The UAV-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suction adjustment and control module (6) adjusts the rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module (2) through the PWM signal. The flight parameters include the flight altitude and flight speed of the UAV (1).

4. The UAV-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow decoupling and guiding component (4) includes a guide shroud (41) and a flow isolation cavity (42). The guide shroud (41) guides the airflow direction and, together with the flow isolation cavity (42), forms the relatively independent negative pressure airflow channel, thereby achieving decoupling of the adsorbed airflow and the downwash airflow of the UAV (1) rotor.

5. The UAV-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the insect-sucking channel assembly (3) gradually changes along the direction of insect entry to form a deceleration structure, and the inner wall of the insect-sucking channel assembly (3) is a smooth surface or covered with a flexible buffer coating.

6. The UAV-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-stage buffer structure includes a front-stage rigid deceleration net (51) and a rear-stage flexible buffer net (52), with the mesh size of the rigid deceleration net (51) and the flexible buffer net (52) gradually decreasing along the direction in which the insect enters.

7. The UAV-mounted low-damage insect negative pressure collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insect buffer collection chamber (5) is a detachable collection box structure, which is used to realize the independent packaging and collection of samples from different sampling points. The collection box is sealed and connected to the insect suction channel assembly (3) to maintain a negative pressure environment.

8. A method for collecting insects based on the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Control the drone (1) to fly to the target sampling area, adjust the flight attitude to decouple the airflow and guide the components (4) to avoid the core area of ​​the rotor downwash disturbance; S2. Start the negative pressure acquisition module (2) through the suction adjustment and control module (6), and adjust the rotation speed of the negative pressure acquisition module (2) according to the current flight altitude and flight speed of the UAV (1) to form a stable adsorption airflow; S3. An independent negative pressure airflow channel is constructed by the airflow decoupling and flow guiding component (4)’s flow guide hood (41) and flow isolation cavity (42) to guide the target insects through the insect suction channel component (3) and use the change in the diameter of the insect suction channel component (3) to achieve the initial deceleration of the insects; S4. After the insects enter the insect buffer collection chamber (5), they are gradually decelerated by the rigid deceleration net (51) and the flexible buffer net (52) to complete the low-damage capture. S5. After sampling is completed, turn off the negative pressure acquisition module (2), disassemble the insect buffer collection chamber (5), seal the sample and carry out the next round of sampling or recycling.

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