Vibration auxiliary welding device and laser welding equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of welding, and discloses a vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment, and the vibration-assisted welding device comprises a connecting base provided with a channel extending in the vertical direction; the fixing ring is arranged in the channel; the elastic piece is arranged in the channel and located below the fixing ring, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the elastic piece; the vibrating ring is arranged on the top side of the elastic piece, and the middle of the vibrating ring, the through hole and the middle of the fixing ring are opposite to each other; the vibration unit comprises a magnetic conductive bar and a coil, the magnetic conductive bar is arranged between the fixed ring and the vibration ring, and the coil is wound around the magnetic conductive bar. The vibration ring is driven by electromagnetism to vibrate, a gas medium and sound wave radiation are transmitted to a molten pool area below, periodic disturbance is generated on liquid metal, molten pool convection, bubble escape and grain refinement are promoted, and the liquid metal can be uniformly dispersed; and the vibration isolation effect of the elastic piece is utilized to ensure that vibration cannot be reversely transmitted to influence the laser light path stability, and the welding precision is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding, and discloses a vibration-assisted welding device and a laser welding equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industry and intelligent manufacturing, the quality requirements for laser welding in high-end manufacturing are becoming increasingly stringent, especially in applications such as thin plate welding, high-speed welding, dissimilar material welding, and complex three-dimensional curved surface welding, which place higher demands on the consistency, reliability, and precision of weld quality.

[0003] However, traditional laser welding technology still faces many technical challenges in practical applications. First, the rapid formation and solidification of the molten pool during laser welding results in an extremely short flow time for the liquid metal, limiting the fluidity of the molten pool and making it difficult to achieve sufficient metallurgical bonding, easily leading to defects such as incomplete penetration and lack of fusion. Second, the keyhole formed during laser deep penetration welding is unstable, easily leading to gas entrapment and residual metal vapor, forming porosity defects that seriously affect the mechanical properties of the weld. Third, due to the surface tension and temperature gradient of the molten pool, the weld surface is prone to forming defects such as humps, undercut, and surface unevenness. In addition, the rapid heating and cooling during the welding process generates a large temperature gradient and residual stress, increasing the susceptibility to welding cracks, especially when welding materials such as aluminum alloys, high-strength steel, and titanium alloys.

[0004] To improve the quality of laser welding, vibration-assisted welding technology has emerged. By applying vibration during the welding process, the flow and mixing of the molten pool metal can be promoted, the metallurgical behavior of the molten pool can be improved, the grain structure can be refined, and welding defects can be reduced. Existing vibration-assisted laser welding technologies mainly employ external vibration sources, including mechanical vibration devices, ultrasonic vibration systems, and electromagnetic vibration equipment. While these external vibration solutions improve welding quality to some extent, they generally suffer from the following technical limitations: The vibration devices are bulky, requiring independent support and drive systems, resulting in complex overall equipment structures, large space requirements, and hindering compact production line layouts; vibration energy travels through multiple transmission stages from the source to the welding area, with a transmission path hundreds of millimeters long, leading to significant energy attenuation during transmission. The effective vibration energy acting on the molten pool is less than 30% of the initial energy, resulting in low energy utilization; adjusting vibration parameters typically requires replacing mechanical components or adjusting complex mechanical structures, making online real-time control difficult and failing to meet the adaptive requirements of different materials and welding processes; the external vibration device and laser optical path system are independent of each other, and their spatial separation makes it difficult to precisely match the vibration field with the laser action area, affecting the vibration-assisted effect; and the lack of effective vibration isolation measures allows vibration to easily be transmitted to the laser optical system through the mechanical structure, causing micro-vibrations in optical elements and affecting the stability and focusing accuracy of the laser beam.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new vibration-assisted laser welding technology that is compact in structure, has high vibration energy transfer efficiency, allows for precise parameter control, is highly integrated with laser systems, and possesses good vibration isolation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vibration-assisted welding device and a laser welding equipment to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a vibration-assisted welding device includes: a connecting seat having a channel extending in a vertical direction; a fixing ring disposed within the channel; an elastic member disposed within the channel and located below the fixing ring, the elastic member having a through hole in its middle portion; a vibration ring disposed on the top side of the elastic member, the middle portion of the vibration ring and the through hole being directly opposite the middle portion of the fixing ring; and a vibration unit including a magnetic rod and a coil, the magnetic rod being disposed between the fixing ring and the vibration ring, and the coil being wound around the outside of the magnetic rod.

[0008] This technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects: The connector is used to connect to the external laser welding equipment. The laser generated by the laser welding equipment passes through the middle of the vibrating ring, the through hole, and the middle of the fixed ring to achieve welding at the target position. During welding, the coil wound around the outside of the magnetic rod is energized. After the coil is energized, it generates an alternating magnetic field, which induces eddy currents in the vibrating ring and generates Lorentz force to drive the vibrating ring to generate high-frequency vibration in the vertical direction. Compared with the traditional mechanical drive, this electromagnetic drive method has a faster response speed, higher control precision, less mechanical wear, and lower noise, which greatly improves the reliability and service life of the entire device. The elastic element provides elastic support for the vibrating ring, forming a mass-spring vibration system, which makes the system generate a resonance amplification effect at a specific frequency. On the other hand, the elastic element acts as a vibration isolation element, effectively blocking the high-frequency vibration from being transmitted upward to the laser welding equipment, preventing the vibration from interfering with the focusing accuracy. The periodic displacement of the vibrating ring surface due to the high-frequency vibration in the vertical direction generated by the vibrating ring affects the surrounding air. The molecules in the liquid metal undergo compression and rarefaction, forming a longitudinal wave pressure field. Since the vibrating ring is only 10 to 20 millimeters away from the welding area, and the gas medium layer is extremely thin, the propagation path of the vibration in the gas is short and the energy attenuation is minimal. The gas pressure wave directly acts on the free surface of the molten pool, generating periodic surface tension disturbances, which promotes convection circulation within the liquid metal. In addition, the mechanical vibration generated by the vibrating ring under electromagnetic drive not only transmits pressure waves through the gas medium but also radiates sound wave energy into the space below. When the sound waves propagate in the liquid metal, they generate volumetric strain and shear strain, exciting forced convection and eddy current motion within the molten pool, significantly enhancing the mixing effect of the molten pool. Thus, by vibrating the ring electromagnetically, the vibration is transmitted to the molten pool area below through the gas medium and sound wave radiation, generating periodic disturbances to the liquid metal, promoting molten pool convection, bubble escape, and grain refinement. Furthermore, the vibration isolation effect of the elastic element ensures that the vibration will not be transmitted in reverse, affecting the stability of the laser beam path and guaranteeing welding accuracy.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an air blowing seat is provided on the bottom side of the connecting seat, and an opening is provided on the air blowing seat opposite the through hole. The opening extends to one side of the air blowing seat, and a first air blowing connector is provided on the other side of the air blowing seat. A first air chamber communicating with the first air blowing head is provided inside the air blowing seat, and an air blowing groove is provided on the inner side of the air blowing seat near the opening. The air blowing groove is communicating with the first air chamber.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a second air-blowing connector is provided on the outer side of the air-blowing seat, a second air chamber communicating with the second air-blowing connector is provided inside the air-blowing seat, and an air-blowing hole is provided on the bottom side of the air-blowing seat, the air-blowing hole communicating with the second air chamber.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a protective block is provided on the bottom side of the air blowing seat, and an avoidance hole is provided on the protective block opposite the through hole.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic element is a planar spring, the planar spring is provided with a plurality of positioning holes, and the bottom side of the vibration ring is provided with positioning protrusions corresponding to the positions of the plurality of positioning holes, and the plurality of positioning protrusions are respectively inserted into the plurality of positioning holes.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the top end of the magnetic rod is provided with an upper connector, the bottom end of the magnetic rod is provided with a lower connector, the fixing ring is provided with an upper connecting hole into which the upper connector can be inserted, and the vibrating ring is provided with a lower connecting hole into which the lower connector can be inserted.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a sensor is provided inside the connecting seat, and the sensor can detect the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibrating ring.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the vibration unit is provided in multiple ways around the fixed ring.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a connecting flange is provided on the top side of the connecting seat.

[0017] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a laser welding apparatus includes a laser head and the aforementioned vibration-assisted welding device, wherein the laser head is connected to the top side of the connecting seat, and the emitting end of the laser head is directly opposite the through hole.

[0018] This technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects: During operation, the laser generated by the laser head passes through the middle of the vibrating ring, the through hole, and the middle of the fixed ring to achieve welding at the target position. The vibration-assisted welding device drives the vibrating ring to vibrate through electromagnetic drive, and uses gas medium and sound wave radiation to transmit to the molten pool area below, generating periodic disturbances to the liquid metal, promoting molten pool convection, bubble escape, and grain refinement, thereby improving welding quality. Furthermore, the vibration isolation effect of the elastic element ensures that the vibration will not be transmitted in reverse and affect the stability of the laser optical path, thus guaranteeing welding accuracy.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly explained below. Obviously, the described drawings are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Those skilled in the art can obtain other design schemes and drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1This is a perspective view of the vibration-assisted welding device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of the vibration-assisted welding device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure.

[0024] In the attached diagram: 100-connecting seat, 110-channel, 120-connecting flange, 200-fixing ring, 300-elastic element, 400-vibration ring, 410-positioning protrusion, 510-magnetic rod, 520-coil, 600-air blowing seat, 610-opening, 621-first air blowing connector, 622-first air chamber, 623-air blowing groove, 631-second air blowing connector, 632-air blowing hole, 700-protective block, 710-avoidance hole. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0028] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "setting," "installing," and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0029] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] In the description of this application, the use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "some instances," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," and "some examples" indicates that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0031] Reference Figures 1 to 3 According to a first aspect of the present invention, a vibration-assisted welding device includes a connecting seat 100, a fixing ring 200, an elastic element 300, a vibration ring 400, and a vibration unit. The connecting seat 100 is provided with a channel 110 extending in a vertical direction; the fixing ring 200 is disposed within the channel 110; the elastic element 300 is disposed within the channel 110 and located below the fixing ring 200, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the elastic element 300; the vibration ring 400 is disposed on the top side of the elastic element 300, and the middle of the vibration ring 400 and the through hole are directly opposite to the middle of the fixing ring 200; the vibration unit includes a magnetic rod 510 and a coil 520, the magnetic rod 510 being disposed between the fixing ring 200 and the vibration ring 400, and the coil 520 being wound around the outside of the magnetic rod 510.

[0032] As described above, the connector 100 is used to connect to the laser welding equipment of the external device. The laser generated by the laser welding equipment passes through the middle of the vibrating ring 400, the through hole, and the middle of the fixed ring 200 to achieve welding at the target position. During welding, the coil 520 wound around the outside of the magnetic rod 510 is energized. After the coil 520 is energized, it generates an alternating magnetic field, which induces eddy currents in the vibrating ring 400 and generates Lorentz force to drive the vibrating ring 400 to generate high-frequency vibration in the vertical direction. Compared with the traditional mechanical drive, this electromagnetic drive method has a faster response speed, higher control precision, less mechanical wear, and lower noise, which greatly improves the reliability and service life of the entire device. The elastic element 300 provides elastic support for the vibrating ring 400, forming a mass-spring vibration system, which makes the system generate a resonance amplification effect at a specific frequency. On the other hand, the elastic element 300 acts as a vibration isolation element, effectively blocking the high-frequency vibration from being transmitted upward to the laser welding equipment, preventing the vibration from interfering with the focusing accuracy. Utilizing the high-frequency vibration in the vertical direction generated by the vibrating ring 400, the surface of the vibrating ring 400... Periodic displacement compresses and rarefactions the surrounding gas molecules, forming a longitudinal pressure field. Since the vibrating ring 400 is only 10 to 20 millimeters away from the welding area, the gas medium layer is extremely thin, the propagation path of vibration in the gas is short, and the energy attenuation is minimal. The gas pressure wave directly acts on the free surface of the molten pool, generating periodic surface tension disturbances, which promotes convection circulation inside the liquid metal. In addition, the mechanical vibration generated by the vibrating ring 400 under electromagnetic drive not only transmits pressure waves through the gas medium but also radiates sound wave energy into the space below. When the sound waves propagate in the liquid metal, they generate volumetric strain and shear strain, which excites forced convection and eddy current motion inside the molten pool, significantly enhancing the mixing effect of the molten pool. Thus, by driving the vibrating ring 400 to vibrate electromagnetically, the gas medium and sound wave radiation are used to transmit the vibration to the molten pool area below, generating periodic disturbances to the liquid metal, promoting molten pool convection, bubble escape, and grain refinement. Furthermore, the vibration isolation effect of the elastic element 300 ensures that the vibration will not be transmitted in reverse and affect the stability of the laser beam path, thus ensuring welding accuracy.

[0033] The magnetic rod 510 can be made of chromium rod, which is made of high magnetic permeability chromium steel. It is placed between the fixed plate and the vibrating ring 400, serving both as a magnetic circuit conductor to conduct magnetic flux and as a mechanical connector to fix the position of the vibrating ring 400.

[0034] The electrical parameters of coil 520 can be adjusted in real time according to different materials and plate thicknesses. Coil 520 is wound with high-temperature resistant enameled wire, with the number of turns ranging from 50 to 200, an operating current of 0.5 A to 5 A, and a frequency range of 0.1 to 50 kHz. The control system adjusts the vibration intensity by changing the current amplitude and achieves resonance point tracking by changing the frequency. When welding aluminum alloys, the typical operating frequency is 15 to 20 kHz; when welding stainless steel, it is 20 to 30 kHz; and when welding titanium alloys, it is 30 to 40 kHz.

[0035] The vibrating plate is made of high-strength elastic alloy, such as 65Mn spring steel or titanium alloy, with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and a diameter of 30 to 60 mm. The plate body undergoes precision heat treatment to ensure excellent fatigue strength and vibration transmission performance. The diameter of the central through-hole is determined according to the laser beam size, typically 8 to 20 mm, and the hole walls are polished to avoid laser scattering. The surface of the 400 vibrating ring can be selectively coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating to improve oxidation resistance and wear resistance, extending its service life.

[0036] To further improve welding quality, in this embodiment, an air blowing seat 600 is provided on the bottom side of the connecting seat 100. The air blowing seat 600 has an opening 610 opposite to the through hole. The opening 610 extends to one side of the air blowing seat 600. A first air blowing connector 621 is provided on the other side of the air blowing seat 600. A first air chamber 622 communicating with the first air blowing connector is provided inside the air blowing seat 600. An air blowing groove 623 is provided on the inner side of the air blowing seat 600 near the opening 610. The air blowing groove 623 communicates with the first air chamber 622. The first air blowing connector 621 is connected to the protective gas supply source of the external device. Gas is supplied to the first gas chamber 622 through the first air blowing connector 621. Finally, the protective gas (such as argon or nitrogen) is directly sprayed out from the air blowing groove 623 and enters the welding area in a tangential or radial manner, forming an inert gas protective layer in the welding area. When the vibrating ring 400 vibrates, the lateral airflow and mechanical vibration work together to not only effectively blow away welding spatter and metal vapor, but also generate additional airflow disturbance on the molten pool from the side, keeping the welding area clean and improving the surface quality of the weld. This side blowing design has a better spatter removal effect than coaxial blowing, and does not interfere with the propagation path of the laser beam.

[0037] Furthermore, a second air-blowing connector 631 is provided on the outer side of the air-blowing base 600, and a second air chamber communicating with the second air-blowing connector 631 is provided inside the air-blowing base 600. An air-blowing hole 632 is provided on the bottom side of the air-blowing base 600, and the air-blowing hole 632 communicates with the second air chamber. Similarly, the second air-blowing connector 631 is connected to an external protective gas supply source, and gas is supplied to the second air chamber through the second air-blowing connector 631. Finally, the protective gas (such as argon or nitrogen) is blown downward from the air-blowing hole 632. This can further generate additional airflow disturbance to the molten pool, keep the welding area clean, and improve the surface quality of the weld.

[0038] The high-frequency vibration generated by the vibrating ring 400 produces acoustic radiation in the near-field region, forming a longitudinal wave pressure field that propagates in the protective gas layer. Due to the significant temperature gradient from the ambient temperature to the vicinity of the molten pool in the welding area, the sound velocity increases with increasing temperature, causing the sound rays to refract. The sound beam bends towards the high-temperature region, forming a focusing effect that increases the energy concentration. When the sound wave reaches the gas-liquid interface, the gas layer thickness and the sound wave wavelength satisfy the quarter-wavelength resonance condition, forming a standing wave field at the interface that significantly amplifies the sound pressure amplitude. The generated acoustic radiation pressure applies periodic normal stress to the free surface of the molten pool. After the sound wave enters the liquid metal, it excites longitudinal waves and surface Rayleigh waves. When the wave propagates inside the molten pool, it generates volumetric strain and shear strain. At the same time, the nonlinear effect of the sound wave generates steady-state acoustic flow, accelerating the convection circulation of the liquid metal. Through the multi-physics coupling mechanism of acoustic radiation, gas propagation, interface resonance, and liquid phase disturbance, the vibration energy is efficiently transferred from the solid conduction plate to the liquid molten pool.

[0039] To reduce upward splashing of welding spatter that could damage the structure, in this embodiment, a protective block 700 is provided on the bottom side of the air blowing seat 600, and a clearance hole 710 is provided on the protective block 700 directly opposite the through hole. During welding, the laser generated by the laser welding equipment passes through the clearance hole 710. The protective block 700 can be used to position the welding position, and it can also effectively reduce upward splashing of welding spatter, better protect the internal structure, and improve the overall stability of use.

[0040] The elastic element 300 is mainly used to provide elastic deformation in the vertical direction. It can have various structural forms, such as wave springs. However, due to limited installation space, in this embodiment, the elastic element 300 is a planar spring. The planar spring has multiple positioning holes, and the bottom side of the vibration ring 400 has positioning protrusions 410 corresponding to the positions of these positioning holes. These positioning protrusions 410 are inserted into the positioning holes. The planar spring can be quickly connected to the vibration ring 400 through the cooperation of the positioning protrusions 410 and the positioning holes. In practical applications, the stiffness coefficient of the planar spring can be optimized by adjusting the width, thickness, and number of turns of the helical arm to achieve a reasonable match between its natural frequency and the excitation frequency, thus achieving the best vibration transmission effect.

[0041] As a specific structure for connecting the fixed ring 200 and the vibrating ring 400 with the magnetic rod 510, in this embodiment, the top end of the magnetic rod 510 is provided with an upper connector, and the bottom end of the magnetic rod 510 is provided with a lower connector. The fixed ring 200 is provided with an upper connecting hole into which the upper connector can be inserted, and the vibrating ring 400 is provided with a lower connecting hole into which the lower connector can be inserted. By utilizing the cooperation of the upper connector with the upper connecting hole and the lower connector with the lower connecting hole, the magnetic rod 510 can be quickly installed and connected to the fixed ring 200 and the vibrating ring 400, and the magnetic rod 510 can drive the vibrating ring 400 to generate polarization in the vertical direction.

[0042] Furthermore, a sensor is installed within the connecting seat 100, which can detect the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibration ring 400. Real-time monitoring of vibration amplitude and frequency via the sensor facilitates control and maintenance of optimal vibration conditions. In practical applications, directional control can be achieved by establishing a multi-parameter collaborative control system for frequency, amplitude, airflow, and phase. Specifically, this includes frequency and airflow direction coordination to direct bubbles in a specific direction and allow them to escape; amplitude and frequency scanning coordination to avoid standing wave dead zones and achieve uniform disturbance; vibration and laser power periodic synchronization to control the keyhole formation and closure process; and multi-frequency superposition to generate beat frequency effects and form flow structures of different scales. By presetting parameter combinations corresponding to different materials and plate thicknesses, appropriate collaborative modes can be selected for different welding objectives such as suppressing porosity, refining grains, stabilizing keyholes, and homogenizing composition, thereby achieving directional control of molten pool disturbance.

[0043] Furthermore, multiple vibration units are arranged around the fixed ring 200. Multiple magnetic rods 510 are distributed between the fixed ring 200 and the vibration ring 400, forming a parallel magnetic circuit structure. This parallel design has multiple technical advantages compared to a single magnetic circuit: First, multiple magnetic circuits disperse the magnetic flux, reducing the risk of single-point magnetic saturation and improving the overall magnetic circuit efficiency; second, the uniformly distributed magnetic field reduces eddy current losses and lowers system heat generation; third, multi-point excitation makes the vibration distribution more uniform, avoiding local stress concentration and vibration dead zones that may occur with single-point excitation; finally, even if individual magnetic circuits fail, the system can still maintain basic functions, greatly enhancing the system's fault tolerance.

[0044] To facilitate the fixed connection of the connector 100 to the peripheral device, in this embodiment, a connecting flange 120 is provided on the top side of the connector 100. Bolts can be easily driven into the connecting flange 120 to fasten the connector 100 to the peripheral device quickly and securely.

[0045] In summary, the present invention, based on electromagnetic drive to generate vibration, has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention directly integrates the vibration ring 400 into the air blowing module at the bottom of the laser welding head. The vibration source is only 10 to 20 millimeters away from the molten pool, which is more than 95% shorter than the transmission distance of 200 to 500 millimeters for traditional external vibration devices. According to the vibration attenuation formula... The vibration energy transfer efficiency is improved by more than 20 times, and a stronger molten pool disturbance effect can be achieved with less excitation power, reducing system energy consumption by 70%. 2. The present invention uses a magnetic rod 510 as a magnetic circuit conductor and mechanical support structure. The dual-purpose design greatly simplifies the structure. The magnetic rod 510 conducts magnetic flux and fixes the vibration ring 400 position. Compared with the traditional solution that requires an independent support frame and an independent drive mechanism, it requires fewer parts, has a simpler assembly process, fewer failure points, and higher reliability. It is especially suitable for long-term continuous operation in industrial sites.

[0046] 3. The present invention adopts a side blowing hole 632 design, so that the protective gas enters the welding area from the side in a tangential or radial manner, forming a three-dimensional disturbance mechanism of "lateral airflow + vertical vibration" with the vertical vibration generated by the vibration ring 400. The vibration causes the molten pool metal to fluctuate periodically, and the lateral airflow more effectively carries away spatter and dust. The two work together to make the welding process more stable, and the weld formation coefficient is increased from 0.6 to more than 0.8, completely eliminating defects such as hump and undercut in traditional welding.

[0047] 4. The planar spring vibration damping structure of this invention is precisely designed below the vibration ring 400, forming a three-level vibration control system of "excitation-resonance-isolation". The upper coil 520 provides excitation, the middle vibration ring 400 generates resonance amplification (Q value can reach more than 50), and the lower spring isolates high-frequency vibration, ensuring that the vibration energy acts more completely on the welding area without affecting the optical system, and the laser focusing accuracy is maintained within ±0.05 mm.

[0048] 5. The electromagnetic excitation frequency of this invention can be steplessly adjusted within the range of 0.1 to 50 kHz. Vibration parameters can be controlled in real time by changing the current of coil 520. There is no need to stop the machine to replace mechanical parts. It can adapt to the optimal resonance frequency of different materials, making it more versatile and avoiding the problem of needing multiple sets of equipment for traditional fixed frequency oscillators.

[0049] 6. The vibration ring 400 of this invention has a central opening coaxial with the laser beam. The aperture can be adjusted according to different focal length lenses (φ8 to 20 mm) to ensure unobstructed passage of lasers of various spot sizes. At the same time, the side blowing hole 632 does not occupy the space of the laser channel 110, realizing the complete separation of protective gas supply and laser transmission, maximizing energy utilization, uniform stress on the molten pool, and weld width consistency deviation of less than 3%.

[0050] 7. This invention adopts non-contact electromagnetic drive, with no mechanical friction and wear, and a service life of over 10,000 hours, which is 5 times that of traditional piezoelectric ceramic oscillators (2,000 hours). Moreover, it does not have the Curie temperature limitation of piezoelectric materials and can work stably in ambient temperatures ranging from -40℃ to 200℃, meeting the requirements of extreme working conditions.

[0051] 8. The modular integrated design of this invention allows it to directly replace the standard air nozzle of existing laser welding heads without changing the main structure and control system, providing an economical and feasible technical path for upgrading and transforming a large number of existing laser welding equipment.

[0052] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a laser welding apparatus includes a laser head and the aforementioned vibration-assisted welding device, wherein the laser head is connected to the top side of the connecting seat 100, and the emitting end of the laser head is directly opposite the through hole.

[0053] This technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects: During operation, the laser generated by the laser head passes through the middle of the vibrating ring 400, the through hole, and the middle of the fixed ring 200 to achieve welding at the target position. The vibration-assisted welding device drives the vibrating ring 400 to vibrate through electromagnetic drive, and uses gas medium and sound wave radiation to transmit to the molten pool area below, generating periodic disturbances to the liquid metal, promoting molten pool convection, bubble escape, and grain refinement, thereby improving welding quality. Furthermore, the vibration isolation effect of the elastic element 300 ensures that the vibration will not be transmitted in the reverse direction and affect the stability of the laser optical path, thus guaranteeing welding accuracy.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A vibration-assisted welding device, characterized in that: include: The connector (100) is provided with a channel (110) extending in the vertical direction. A fixing ring (200) is disposed within the channel (110); An elastic element (300) is disposed in the channel (110) and located below the fixing ring (200), and a through hole is provided in the middle of the elastic element (300); A vibration ring (400) is disposed on the top side of the elastic member (300), with the middle part of the vibration ring (400), the through hole and the middle part of the fixing ring (200) facing each other; The vibration unit includes a magnetic rod (510) and a coil (520). The magnetic rod (510) is disposed between the fixed ring (200) and the vibration ring (400), and the coil (520) is wound around the outside of the magnetic rod (510).

2. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blower seat (600) is provided on the bottom side of the connecting seat (100). An opening (610) is provided on the blower seat (600) opposite the through hole. The opening (610) extends to one side of the blower seat (600). A first blower connector (621) is provided on the other side of the blower seat (600). A first air chamber (622) communicating with the first blower head is provided inside the blower seat (600). A blower groove (623) is provided on the inner side of the blower seat (600) near the opening (610). The blower groove (623) communicating with the first air chamber (622).

3. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air blowing seat (600) is provided with a second air blowing connector (631) on the outside, and a second air chamber connected to the second air blowing connector (631) is provided inside the air blowing seat (600). An air blowing hole (632) is provided on the bottom side of the air blowing seat (600), and the air blowing hole (632) is connected to the second air chamber.

4. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A protective block (700) is provided on the bottom side of the air blowing seat (600), and an avoidance hole (710) is provided on the protective block (700) opposite the through hole.

5. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element (300) is a planar spring, which is provided with multiple positioning holes. The bottom side of the vibration ring (400) is provided with positioning protrusions (410) corresponding to the positions of the multiple positioning holes, and the multiple positioning protrusions (410) are respectively inserted into the multiple positioning holes.

6. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the magnetic rod (510) is provided with an upper connector, the bottom end of the magnetic rod (510) is provided with a lower connector, the fixing ring (200) is provided with an upper connecting hole into which the upper connector can be inserted, and the vibration ring (400) is provided with a lower connecting hole into which the lower connector can be inserted.

7. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sensor is provided inside the connector (100), which can detect the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibrating ring (400).

8. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration unit is provided in multiple ways around the fixed ring (200).

9. The vibration-assisted welding device and laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting flange (120) is provided on the top side of the connecting seat (100).

10. A laser welding equipment, characterized in that: Includes a laser head and a vibration-assisted welding device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the laser head is connected to the top side of the connecting seat (100), and the emitting end of the laser head is directly opposite the through hole.

Images