Earthquake isolation structure AMD intelligent linkage control system based on earthquake energy storage principle

Abstract

The invention provides a seismic isolation structure AMD intelligent linkage control system based on a seismic energy storage principle, which comprises a seismic isolation support, a hydraulic inerter damper, an energy transfer module, an energy storage module and a sensor network, and is provided with a variable damping intelligent control unit, an active tuned mass damper and an AMD intelligent control unit. Structural dynamic response, the stress state and the energy state of the shock insulation support are obtained in a unified mode through the linkage control unit, and the damping characteristic of the hydraulic inerter damper and the control force of the active tuned mass damper are coordinated at the same time on the basis of a collaborative optimization strategy. The control direction, the control time sequence and the energy use of the two types of control units are kept consistent. According to the method, the acceleration of the upper structure can be reduced, interlayer displacement can be controlled, the shock insulation support is prevented from being pulled, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, conflicts and repeated control in an independent control mode are avoided, and therefore the overall anti-seismic performance of the shock insulation structure under the complex seismic mode and strong seismic working conditions is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of structural engineering and seismic isolation control technology, and in particular to an AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage, it has been proposed to place hydraulic inertial-capacitive dampers in the isolation layer in conjunction with variable damping intelligent control units. By adjusting the damping characteristics, adaptive dissipation and recovery of seismic energy can be achieved, thereby controlling the displacement of the isolation layer and improving energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, another technical solution involves placing actively tuned mass dampers at the top of the main building structure, driven by an independent AMD intelligent control unit, to reduce the acceleration and inter-story displacement of the superstructure and generate a reverse overturning moment to suppress tension on the isolation supports. Both of these technologies achieve certain effects on their respective controlled objects, but they typically exist as independent control systems, lacking a unified collaborative control mechanism.

[0003] Under complex seismic motion, the variable damping control of the isolation layer and the active tuned mass damping control at the top may conflict in terms of control objectives and directions. For example, when the variable damping intelligent control unit increases the damping to reduce the displacement of the isolation layer, it may lead to an increase in the acceleration of the superstructure; while when the AMD intelligent control unit outputs a large control force to reduce the response of the superstructure, it may change the stress distribution of the isolation layer, increasing the risk of tension on the supports. At the same time, the two control systems often rely on the same seismic energy storage link for energy supply, lacking a unified energy allocation and priority management strategy. This can easily lead to situations where one control unit over-consumes energy while the other under-consumes energy, resulting in unstable overall control performance.

[0004] In addition, existing technologies for variable damping intelligent control units and AMD intelligent control units mostly optimize objective functions independently based on their respective control algorithms, making it difficult to take into account multiple control objectives such as superstructure acceleration, inter-story displacement, seismic isolation bearing tension risk, and energy recovery efficiency in a timely manner. In some working conditions, they may even "cancel out" each other or cause redundant control.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a linkage control unit that can simultaneously sense the structural response and energy state on the basis of existing seismic energy storage and isolation structures. This unit will coordinate the control parameters, control timing, and energy use of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit, enabling the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper and the actively tuned mass damper to work together. This will achieve multi-objective collaborative optimization while avoiding control conflicts, thereby improving the overall seismic performance and energy utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage. By introducing a linkage control unit, multi-objective coordinated adjustment of variable damping control and AMD active control under the same decision-making framework is realized, avoiding the directional conflict and energy competition problems caused by traditional independent control.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0008] An AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage includes: the main structure of the building, seismic isolation bearings, hydraulic inertial-capacitive dampers, energy transfer modules, energy storage modules and sensor networks, as well as a variable damping intelligent control unit, an active tuned mass damper, an AMD intelligent control unit and a linkage control unit;

[0009] The seismic isolation bearing is installed at the bottom support of the main structure of the building, and the bottom layer of the main structure of the building is defined as the seismic isolation layer. The hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper is installed in the seismic isolation layer and connected to the seismic isolation bearing. It is used to provide damping force during an earthquake and convert the earthquake input energy into the kinetic energy of water. The energy transfer module is connected to the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper and is used to convert the kinetic energy of water into the gravitational potential energy, flywheel mechanical energy and electrical energy of water. The energy storage module includes a water tank for storing the gravitational potential energy and an energy storage unit for storing the flywheel mechanical energy and the electrical energy. The energy storage module is used to provide driving energy for the variable damping intelligent control unit and the active tuned mass damper.

[0010] The sensor network includes acceleration sensors arranged at the nodes of vertical members and horizontal beams of the main structure of the building and force sensors arranged at the bottom of the seismic isolation bearing, for real-time monitoring of the dynamic response of the main structure of the building and the stress state of the seismic isolation bearing.

[0011] The variable damping intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the sensor network and the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper, and is used to adjust the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper according to the monitoring data collected by the sensor network.

[0012] The active tuned mass damper is located at the top of the main structure of the building and is used to apply control force to the main structure of the building under seismic action; the AMD intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the sensor network, the active tuned mass damper and the energy storage module, and is used to calculate the target control force of the active tuned mass damper in real time based on the monitoring data collected by the sensor network and the energy state of the energy storage module.

[0013] The linkage control unit is communicatively connected to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit. It is used to coordinate the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper and the control force of the active tuned mass damper according to the dynamic response of the main structure of the building, the stress state of the seismic isolation bearing, and the energy state of the energy storage module. This allows the damping characteristics and the control force to work synergistically in time and direction, thereby simultaneously reducing the acceleration response of the main structure of the building, controlling the inter-story displacement within the allowable range, preventing the seismic isolation bearing from being under tension, and improving the efficiency of seismic energy recovery and utilization.

[0014] Preferably, the linkage control unit uses the dynamic response of the main building structure, the force state of the seismic isolation bearing, and the energy state of the energy storage module collected by the sensor network as input information, and outputs variable damping control commands to the variable damping intelligent control unit and AMD control commands to the AMD intelligent control unit, respectively, so as to realize the coordinated adjustment of the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper and the control force of the active tuned mass damper.

[0015] Preferably, when the linkage control unit adopts a multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy, it simultaneously takes reducing the acceleration response of the main structure of the building, controlling the inter-story displacement within the allowable range, preventing the seismic isolation bearing from being under tension, maximizing the seismic energy dissipation efficiency, and optimizing the energy recovery and storage effect in the energy storage module as collaborative optimization objectives, and comprehensively evaluates the control effects of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit based on a unified control performance evaluation index.

[0016] Preferably, the linkage control unit adopts an adaptive weight allocation algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the control weights allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit based on the changes in the dynamic response amplitude and frequency characteristics of the main structure of the building, the stress state of the seismic isolation bearing, and the energy state of the energy storage module. This ensures that the acceleration response of the main structure of the building is reduced first under small and medium earthquake conditions, and that the inter-story displacement is controlled first and the seismic isolation bearing is prevented from being under tension under long-duration and strong earthquake conditions.

[0017] Preferably, the linkage control unit includes a performance evaluation module. The performance evaluation module is used to evaluate the linkage control effect of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit under the current working condition in real time based on the comparison results of the acceleration response, inter-story displacement and stress state of the main structure of the building before and after control, and automatically adjust the target weights and control parameters in the multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy according to the evaluation results.

[0018] Preferably, the linkage control unit includes a seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module. The seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module is used to determine the compression state of the seismic isolation bearing in real time based on the monitoring data of the force sensor. When it is detected that the seismic isolation bearing may be under tension, the linkage control unit coordinates and controls the variable damping intelligent control unit to improve the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper, and controls the AMD intelligent control unit to drive the active tuned mass damper to generate a reverse overturning moment, so as to jointly suppress the tension of the seismic isolation bearing.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes an energy management unit, which is communicatively connected to the linkage control unit and the energy storage module. The energy management unit is used to dynamically adjust the energy usage priority and energy consumption limit allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit based on the predicted earthquake duration and intensity and the energy status of the energy storage module, so as to prioritize the control requirements of the active tuned mass damper and the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper under critical operating conditions.

[0020] Preferably, the linkage control unit is configured with an emergency linkage control mode. When the sensor network detects extreme ground motion conditions, the linkage control unit automatically controls the variable damping intelligent control unit to switch the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper to a preset maximum damping state, and simultaneously controls the AMD intelligent control unit to switch the active tuned mass damper to a preset maximum output state, so as to enhance the safety of the main structure of the building and the seismic isolation bearing.

[0021] Preferably, the system further includes an energy recovery efficiency monitoring module, which is communicatively connected to the linkage control unit and the energy storage module. This module is used to calculate in real time the energy capture rate, energy conversion efficiency, and energy utilization rate of seismic energy passing through the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper, the energy transfer module, and the energy storage module. The calculation results are then fed back to the linkage control unit, which optimizes the linkage control strategy and energy distribution strategy of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit, while meeting the vibration control requirements of the main building structure and the anti-tensile requirements of the seismic isolation bearings.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] This invention introduces a linkage control unit into the existing variable damping intelligent control unit and AMD intelligent control unit, establishing a unified multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy. This overcomes the limitation of existing technologies where the two types of control units treat the isolation layer displacement and superstructure vibration as independent objectives, lacking unified coordination. The linkage control unit simultaneously considers acceleration response, inter-story displacement, isolation bearing stress state, and energy recovery and storage requirements within the same decision-making framework. This ensures that the control directions of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper and the actively tuned mass damper no longer conflict, fundamentally solving the problems of traditional "mutual cancellation" or "repetitive control."

[0024] This invention uses the stress state of the seismic isolation bearing as the core input of the linkage control unit, achieving unified judgment and response strategy formulation for the bearing tension risk. It resolves the contradiction that variable damping control may increase upper acceleration due to increased damping, and AMD active control may alter the stress distribution of the lower layer due to applied control force. When the linkage control unit detects potential tension in the seismic isolation bearing, it simultaneously instructs the variable damping intelligent control unit to increase the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-compressive damper and instructs the AMD intelligent control unit to generate a reverse overturning moment, suppressing bearing tension through a dual-path approach. This gives the invention a significant lower-layer safety advantage under strong earthquakes and pulse-type earthquakes.

[0025] This invention addresses the problem of insufficient energy priority management and even energy monopoly by a single control unit when traditional variable damping control and AMD control share the same seismic energy storage link by introducing an adaptive weight adjustment mechanism based on energy state into the linkage control unit. The linkage control unit automatically allocates the upper limit of energy usage based on the energy state of the energy storage module, the earthquake intensity, and its duration. Under limited energy storage conditions, it prioritizes critical control actions, ensuring stable operation of both control units under different earthquake magnitudes and improving the overall robustness and post-disaster control continuity of the system.

[0026] This invention establishes a real-time performance evaluation mechanism for the structural dynamic response before and after control, enabling the linkage control unit to dynamically adjust the control strategies of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit based on the actual control effect. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies where two control systems independently optimize their own objective functions while ignoring the overall structural control requirements. The performance evaluation module comprehensively evaluates acceleration reduction rate, inter-story displacement reduction rate, changes in tensile risk of seismic isolation bearings, and energy recovery efficiency, giving the linkage control strategy continuous adaptive capability and maintaining consistent control performance during multiple rounds of strong earthquakes.

[0027] This invention constructs an emergency linkage control mode that simultaneously coordinates the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper to enter its maximum damping state and the actively tuned mass damper to enter its maximum output state under extreme seismic conditions. This creates a synergistic enhancement effect between the variable damping control path and the active control path, solving the problem in traditional technologies where the two systems cannot maintain consistent responses under extreme circumstances. This emergency linkage mechanism significantly enhances the seismic resistance of the structure under severe conditions such as long-duration earthquakes and near-fault pulse earthquakes, ensuring controlled superstructure response, safe seismic isolation bearings, and continuous energy supply, thereby improving overall seismic toughness at the system level. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 1. Main structure; 2. Seismic isolation bearing; 3. Hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper; 4. Bottom support; 5. Top support; 6. Water tank; 7. Energy transfer module; 8. Energy storage module; 9. Active tuned mass damper (AMD). Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The purpose of this invention is to provide an AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage. This system constructs a collaborative control link across the isolation layer and the superstructure, achieving integrated coordination of damping adjustment, active power output, and energy management. This enables the seismic isolation structure to achieve significantly improved overall seismic performance and energy utilization efficiency under complex seismic modes and strong earthquake conditions.

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a seismic isolation structure variable damping-AMD intelligent linkage control system based on the principle of seismic energy storage, including a main building structure 1, seismic isolation bearings 2, a hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper 3, an energy transfer module 7, an energy storage module 8, an actively tuned mass damper AMD9, a sensor network, a variable damping intelligent control unit, an AMD intelligent control unit, and a linkage control unit; the seismic isolation bearings 2 are installed at the bottom support of the main building structure 1, defining the bottom layer of the main structure as the seismic isolation layer; the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper 3 is installed in the seismic isolation layer, with one end connected to the bottom of the seismic isolation layer via a bottom support 4, and the other end connected to the top of the seismic isolation layer via a top support 5, used to provide damping force during an earthquake and convert the earthquake input energy into the kinetic energy of water; the energy transfer module 7 is connected to the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper 3, used to convert the kinetic energy of water into the gravitational potential energy of water, flywheel mechanical energy, and electrical energy; the energy storage module 8 includes components for storing gravitational potential energy. The structure includes a water tank 6 and an energy storage unit for storing the mechanical and electrical energy of the flywheel; the active tuned mass damper AMD9 is located at the top of the structure; the sensor network includes accelerometers and force sensors, with the accelerometers arranged at the nodes between the vertical members and the crossbeams of the main structure, and the force sensors arranged at the bottom of the seismic isolation bearing 2; the variable damping intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the sensor network and the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper 3, and is used to adjust the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper 3 in real time according to sensor data; the AMD intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the sensor network and the active tuned mass damper AMD9, and is used to adjust the output mode of the active tuned mass damper AMD9 in real time according to sensor data; the linkage control unit is connected to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit respectively, and is used to coordinate and control the cooperative operation of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper 3 and the active tuned mass damper AMD9.

[0036] Specifically, the number of acceleration sensors is 1 to 0.5 times the number of floors; the number of force sensors is 1 to the total number of seismic isolation supports.

[0037] Specifically, the variable damping intelligent control unit includes a data acquisition subunit, a signal processing subunit, a control decision subunit, an actuator, and a feedback adjustment module. The data acquisition subunit is used to acquire monitoring data from acceleration sensors and force sensors in real time. The signal processing subunit is used to filter, amplify, and digitize the acquired raw signals to extract structural vibration characteristic parameters. The control decision subunit calculates the optimal damping coefficient in real time based on the structural response using a fuzzy logic control algorithm or a neural network control algorithm. The actuator includes an electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve arranged inside the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper, used to adjust the valve opening by receiving control commands. The feedback adjustment module is used to monitor the damping force output effect in real time, forming a closed-loop control circuit.

[0038] Specifically, the electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve is driven by a high-precision stepper motor, with a valve opening adjustment accuracy of 0.1mm and a response time of less than 50ms, enabling stepless adjustment of the damping force within the range of 10%-100% of the rated capacity.

[0039] Specifically, the electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve is directly powered by the energy storage module 8.

[0040] Specifically, the AMD intelligent control unit includes a data acquisition unit, a signal processing unit, a control decision unit, an AMD drive mechanism, and a feedback adjustment module. The data acquisition unit is used to acquire monitoring data from acceleration sensors and force sensors in real time. The signal processing unit is used to filter, amplify, and digitize the acquired raw signals to extract structural vibration characteristic parameters. The control decision unit calculates the optimal control force of the AMD in real time based on the structural response using a fuzzy logic control algorithm or a neural network control algorithm. The AMD drive mechanism includes a servo motor and a transmission device, used to adjust the movement of the AMD mass block by receiving control commands. The feedback adjustment module is used to monitor the AMD output effect in real time, forming a closed-loop control circuit.

[0041] Specifically, the AMD drive mechanism is driven by a high-precision servo motor, with a control force adjustment accuracy of ±1% of the rated output and a response time of less than 100ms, enabling stepless adjustment of the control force within the range of 5%-100% of the rated capacity.

[0042] Specifically, the servo motor is directly powered by the energy storage module 8.

[0043] Specifically, the linkage control unit adopts a multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy, which simultaneously considers the following control objectives: reducing structural acceleration response, controlling inter-story displacement within the allowable range, preventing seismic isolation bearings from being under tension, maximizing seismic energy dissipation efficiency, and optimizing energy recovery and storage effects.

[0044] Specifically, the system's workflow includes the following steps:

[0045] (1) Monitor the dynamic response of the structure and the working status of the seismic isolation layer in real time through a sensor network;

[0046] (2) The data acquisition unit transmits the monitoring data to the signal processing unit for feature extraction;

[0047] (3) The linkage control unit coordinates the generation of variable damping control commands and AMD control commands based on the structural response characteristics;

[0048] (4) The variable damping intelligent control unit adjusts the opening of the electro-hydraulic proportional discharge valve and adjusts the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper.

[0049] (5) The AMD intelligent control unit adjusts the magnitude and direction of AMD output;

[0050] (6) The feedback adjustment module monitors the actual control effect, compares it with the target value, and further optimizes the control parameters;

[0051] (7) The energy management unit dynamically adjusts the energy storage strategy according to the system status.

[0052] Specifically, the system is also equipped with an emergency linkage control mode. When extreme ground vibration is detected, the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper 3 is automatically controlled to switch to the maximum damping state, and the AMD9 is controlled to switch to the maximum output state.

[0053] Specifically, in the emergency response control mode, the system simultaneously activates the energy reserve mode to prioritize power supply to the variable damping control system, AMD system, and key sensors.

[0054] Specifically, the system also includes an energy management unit, which has an intelligent load scheduling function and can dynamically adjust the energy consumption distribution of each subsystem based on the earthquake duration and intensity prediction.

[0055] Specifically, the system also includes an energy recovery efficiency monitoring module, which is used to calculate the energy capture rate, conversion efficiency and utilization rate in real time, and to continuously improve the control strategy through optimization algorithms.

[0056] Specifically, the energy storage unit of the energy storage module 8 adopts a hybrid configuration of flywheel energy storage, lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor.

[0057] Specifically, the water tank 6 adopts a multi-level partition design, is equipped with a water level monitoring sensor and a pressure sensor, and forms a closed-loop water circulation system with a hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper.

[0058] Specifically, the mass block of the actively tuned mass damper AMD9 is driven by a hydraulic actuator, which is powered by the energy storage module 8.

[0059] Specifically, the linkage control unit also includes a seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module, which monitors the compression state of the seismic isolation bearing in real time. When it is detected that the bearing may be under tension, it coordinates the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper 3 and the active tuned mass damper AMD9 to work together to generate a reverse overturning moment.

[0060] Specifically, the linkage control unit adopts an adaptive weight allocation algorithm to dynamically adjust the control weights of the variable damping control system and the AMD control system based on the seismic characteristics and structural response state.

[0061] Specifically, the system has a performance evaluation module for evaluating the linkage control effect in real time and automatically adjusting the control strategy and parameters based on the evaluation results.

[0062] In this embodiment, the linkage control unit uses data provided by the sensor network and energy storage module as unified input to construct linkage control state variables for collaborative decision-making. Specifically, within each control cycle (preferably no more than 0.02 seconds), the linkage control unit collects the acceleration response, inter-story displacement, and vertical force and horizontal shear force of each floor of the main building structure, as well as the seismic isolation bearings. Simultaneously, it obtains energy state data such as the current water tank level, flywheel speed, and energy storage unit voltage and current from the energy storage module. In this embodiment, the "structural response index" is defined as a dimensionless value calculated based on the ratio of the peak acceleration at the top floor to the maximum inter-story displacement relative to the design limit; the "bearing safety index" is defined as the safety margin between the vertical compression and tension critical states of the seismic isolation bearings; and the "energy state index" is defined as the ratio of the available energy of the energy storage module to its maximum capacity. All three are normalized to between 0 and 1 and used as input variables for subsequent multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategies. In a typical configuration, this embodiment considers a structural response index greater than 0.7 as an excessively high response, a support safety index less than 0.3 as a high risk of tensile stress, and an energy state index less than 0.2 as a state of energy storage shortage.

[0063] In this embodiment, the linkage control unit calculates the collaborative control requirement level for the current control cycle based on the aforementioned linkage control state variables, and generates target allocations for the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit accordingly. To this end, this embodiment categorizes control targets into three types: "vibration reduction control targets," "support tension resistance targets," and "energy utilization targets." A preset mapping relationship is used to convert structural response indicators, support safety indicators, and energy state indicators into importance levels for these three types of targets. For example, when the structural response indicator is in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 and the support safety indicator is greater than 0.5, this embodiment sets the vibration reduction control target to a medium importance level, the support tension resistance target to a general importance level, and the energy utilization target to a medium importance level. When the support safety indicator is below 0.3, this embodiment elevates the support tension resistance target to the highest importance level, while appropriately lowering the vibration reduction control target. Based on this, this embodiment defines a "control weight coefficient" to characterize the relative weight of each control objective in the multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy. The control weight coefficient is allocated in the range of 0 to 1, and the sum of the three types of control weight coefficients is limited to 1.0. For example, when the support is under high tension risk, the support tension control weight coefficient can be increased to more than 0.5.

[0064] In this embodiment, the linkage control unit decomposes the control task into variable damping control requirements and AMD control requirements according to the control weight coefficient, thereby forming a collaborative control command for the two sub-control units. Specifically, this embodiment allocates the requirements that focus more on controlling the displacement of the isolation layer and improving the energy dissipation ratio to the variable damping intelligent control unit, and allocates the requirements that focus more on suppressing the vibration of the superstructure and generating the reverse overturning moment to the AMD intelligent control unit. For example, when the weights of vibration reduction control and energy utilization targets are high while the tensile strength target of the bearing is at a medium level, the linkage control unit sets the variable damping control requirement to a medium-high level. The corresponding instruction to the variable damping intelligent control unit is to adjust the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper to 0.8 to 1.2 times the nominal damping level, while simultaneously setting the AMD control requirement to a medium level. The corresponding instruction to the AMD intelligent control unit is to control the active tuned mass damper to output a control force of approximately 50% to 70% of the rated output. When the bearing tensile strength control weight coefficient increases to above 0.5, this embodiment simultaneously increases both the variable damping control requirement and the AMD control requirement, allowing the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper to be adjusted to approximately 1.2 times the nominal damping level, and the control force of the active tuned mass damper to be increased to approximately 80% of the rated output.

[0065] In this embodiment, the linkage control unit also implements energy allocation and control priority management based on the energy state index to ensure coordinated operation of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit when both rely on the energy storage module for power. This embodiment defines the "energy priority level" as an energy usage strategy level based on the current energy state index. When the energy state index is higher than 0.6, the linkage control unit allows both the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit to operate within their respective rated control ranges. When the energy state index is between 0.3 and 0.6, this embodiment sets the energy priority to a medium level, prioritizing control actions for support tension and critical vibration reduction needs. For example, it limits the maximum energy consumption of the variable damping intelligent control unit to no more than 70% of its peak energy consumption and limits the maximum output of the AMD intelligent control unit to no more than 80% of its rated output. When the energy state index is lower than 0.3, this embodiment enters an energy-constrained strategy, retaining only necessary controls for support tension and excessive response of the superstructure. The upper limit of the control force of the actively tuned mass damper can be further limited to within 60% of its rated value. Numerical calculations and experimental results under multiple strong earthquakes and long-duration earthquake conditions show that, through the collaborative optimization and energy coordination mechanism of the above-mentioned linkage control unit, this embodiment can reduce the peak acceleration of the top floor by about 20% to 30%, reduce the maximum inter-story displacement by about 15% to 25%, and reduce the peak tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation bearing from about 0.9 to about 0.6, while maintaining the energy reserve of the energy storage module at no less than 20% of the total capacity throughout the entire earthquake process.

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the linkage control unit is equipped with an adaptive weight allocation module, which calculates the control weights allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit in real time based on the dynamic response amplitude and frequency characteristics of the main building structure, the stress state of the seismic isolation bearings, and the energy state of the energy storage module. In this embodiment, "control weight" is defined as the relative proportion of the effect allocated to each control channel under the multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy. Its value ranges from 0 to 1, and the sum of the two is fixed at 1. It is used to characterize whether to prioritize variable damping adjustment or prioritize the output of the actively tuned mass damper under the current working condition. The linkage control unit first classifies the current seismic condition into a minor earthquake condition, a long-duration earthquake condition, or a strong earthquake condition based on the ratio of the top-floor acceleration to the set limit, the ratio of the maximum inter-story displacement to the set limit, the tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation bearing, and the energy status index of the energy storage module. For example, when the top-floor acceleration and the maximum inter-story displacement are both below 30% of the corresponding limit, and the tensile risk coefficient of the bearing is below 0.3, it is determined to be a minor earthquake condition; when the maximum inter-story displacement is close to or exceeds 70% of the limit or the tensile risk coefficient of the bearing is above 0.5, it is determined to be a long-duration earthquake condition or a strong earthquake condition.

[0067] In this embodiment, the adaptive weight allocation module dynamically updates the control weights based on the above-mentioned working condition judgment results and the changing trends of each index within each control cycle. Under minor and moderate earthquake conditions, in order to prioritize reducing the acceleration response of the main building structure, this embodiment allocates more control weights to the AMD intelligent control unit. For example, the control weight of the AMD intelligent control unit is set in the range of 0.6 to 0.7, and the control weight of the variable damping intelligent control unit is set in the range of 0.3 to 0.4, so that the active tuned mass damper plays a dominant role in the control of high-frequency and mid-to-high-frequency components. Under long-duration and strong earthquake conditions, in order to prioritize the control of inter-story displacement and prevent the seismic isolation bearings from being under tension, this embodiment appropriately increases the control weight of the variable damping intelligent control unit to the range of 0.6 to 0.7, while adjusting the control weight of the AMD intelligent control unit to the range of 0.3 to 0.4, so that the damping adjustment of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper plays a dominant role in the control of low-frequency and long-period response, while the active tuned mass damper is mainly used to suppress excessive vibration of the top floor and cooperate to generate reverse overturning moment. In cases where the risk factor of bearing tension increases significantly, this embodiment can further temporarily increase the control weight allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit to above 0.7 to enhance the constraint capability of the seismic isolation layer.

[0068] In this embodiment, to avoid abrupt changes in the output of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit due to rapid changes in control weights, the adaptive weight allocation module sets step size constraints and a smoothing mechanism for the control weight update process. Specifically, this embodiment limits the change amplitude of a single control weight within each control cycle to no more than 0.05, and uses the moving average of the control weights over the most recent control cycles (e.g., 5 control cycles) as the effective weights actually involved in control decisions, thereby gradually adjusting the control weights according to changes in seismic conditions, rather than instantaneously jumping. Under multiple representative seismic input conditions, this embodiment, through the above-mentioned adaptive weight allocation algorithm, can reduce the peak acceleration of the top floor by about 20% to 30% in small and medium earthquake conditions, and reduce the maximum inter-story displacement by about 15% to 25% in long-duration and strong earthquake conditions, while keeping the tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation bearing below 0.6, proving that the adaptive weight allocation algorithm can achieve a coordinated balance between vibration reduction, limiting, and tensile protection objectives under different magnitudes and waveforms.

[0069] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the linkage control unit includes a performance evaluation module. This module compares and analyzes the acceleration response, inter-story displacement, and stress state of the building's main structure before and after control within a unified time window. To this end, this embodiment pre-records the structural response at the beginning of the seismic action, either before linkage optimization or only using the initial control strategy, as a pre-control reference response. After the linkage control strategy is implemented, the performance evaluation module calculates the post-control response indicators using the same sampling period and time window. The preferred time window length is 5 seconds, and the preferred sampling interval is no greater than 0.01 seconds. The peak acceleration at the top floor, the maximum inter-story displacement of each floor, and the most unfavorable vertical stress on the seismic isolation bearings are extracted within each time window to construct the "pre-control response indicators" and "post-control response indicators." By ensuring the same statistical standards are used before and after control, this embodiment can obtain comparable response comparison data within each time window, providing a foundation for subsequent evaluation of the linkage control effect.

[0070] In this embodiment, the performance evaluation module constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation metric for the linkage control effect based on pre-control response indicators and post-control response indicators. Specifically, this embodiment defines "acceleration reduction rate" as the ratio of the peak acceleration of the top floor before control minus the peak acceleration of the top floor after control, and then divided by the peak acceleration of the top floor before control; "inter-story displacement reduction rate" as the ratio of the maximum inter-story displacement before control minus the maximum inter-story displacement after control, and then divided by the maximum inter-story displacement before control; and "support tension risk reduction degree" as the ratio of the tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation support before control minus the tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation support after control, and then divided by the tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation support before control. The performance evaluation module calculates the above three indicators within each time window and can combine them linearly or nonlinearly to form a single control performance evaluation value, which is used to intuitively characterize the comprehensive effect of the current linkage control strategy. In a typical setting, this embodiment considers an acceleration reduction rate of 20% or more, an inter-story displacement reduction rate of 15% or more, and a support tension risk reduction degree of 30% or more as indicating that the linkage control effect has reached the expected level.

[0071] In this embodiment, the performance evaluation module automatically adjusts the target weights and control parameters in the multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy based on the evaluation results of the aforementioned linkage control effect. When the acceleration reduction rate is significantly lower than the preset target while the inter-layer displacement reduction rate already meets the requirements, this embodiment appropriately increases the target weights related to reducing the acceleration response and feeds feedback to the linkage control unit, prompting the linkage control unit to increase the control weights allocated to the AMD intelligent control unit in the next control cycle, while appropriately reducing the control weights allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit; for example, the control weight of the AMD intelligent control unit can be increased from 0.4 to 0.6, and the control weight of the variable damping intelligent control unit can be decreased from 0.6 to 0.4. When the inter-layer displacement reduction rate or the reduction degree of support tension risk is lower than the target value, this embodiment conversely increases the target weights related to inter-layer displacement control and support tension prevention, and guides the linkage control unit to enhance the control strength of adjusting the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper. Through the above weight adjustment mechanism, the performance evaluation module can enable the multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy to continuously and adaptively converge towards meeting the current operating conditions.

[0072] In this embodiment, to avoid drastic fluctuations in the control strategy due to frequent adjustments, the performance evaluation module employs a combination of step size limits and moving averages when updating target weights and control parameters. The magnitude of a single adjustment within each time window is preferably no more than 0.1 of the current value of the corresponding weight, and the corresponding control period is preferably no greater than 0.5 seconds. Furthermore, when calculating the effective target weights for actual control decisions, a moving average is applied to the update results of the most recent several time windows (e.g., 5 time windows). This embodiment can also set upper and lower limits, such as a single target weight not lower than 0.2 and not higher than 0.6, to prevent a certain control target from being completely ignored or overemphasized. In numerical simulations and experiments with multiple representative seismic motion inputs, this embodiment, through the dynamic evaluation and adjustment mechanism of the performance evaluation module, reduced the peak acceleration of the top layer by approximately 20%–30% compared to the non-coordinated optimization condition, reduced the maximum inter-story displacement by approximately 15%–25%, and reduced the peak tensile risk coefficient of the seismic isolation bearing by approximately 30%–40%, verifying the supporting role of the performance evaluation module in multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategies and its role in improving the coordinated control effect.

[0073] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the linkage control unit includes a seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module. This module is used to determine the vertical force on the seismic isolation bearing in real time to identify whether the bearing is in a normal compressive state or gradually approaching a tensile state. The seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module uses the vertical force and horizontal shear force output by force sensors arranged at the bottom of the seismic isolation bearing as basic data. By comprehensively comparing the instantaneous value, rate of change, and minimum compressive force of the vertical force, it calculates the "bearing tensile risk coefficient." This coefficient characterizes the degree of proximity of the bearing to the critical tensile state, and its value ranges from 0 to 1. This embodiment also calculates the additional vertical effect of the seismic isolation bearing based on the overturning trend of the main building structure. When the vertical force is significantly lower than 30% of the design minimum compressive force and the tensile risk coefficient is greater than 0.5, the bearing is judged to have a high tensile risk; when the risk coefficient reaches 0.7 or higher, it is considered a critical state requiring immediate linkage control. The force sensor sampling frequency is preferably not less than 200 times per second to meet the real-time requirements of bearing status determination under seismic loading.

[0074] As an example, this embodiment introduces an index based on the coupling of vertical force and overturning effect to calculate the "support tension risk coefficient," which is used to quantitatively determine the tension risk of seismic isolation supports in the linkage control. The formula for calculating the support tension risk coefficient is as follows: ;

[0075] in, This is the tensile risk coefficient for seismic isolation bearings, used to characterize the degree to which the bearings approach the critical tensile state from a safe compressive state. Its value range is [value range missing]. ; The vertical resultant force of the seismic isolation bearing is calculated by the force sensor during the current control cycle; The minimum safe bearing pressure for seismic isolation bearings is determined based on the self-weight of the main structure of the building, additional dead loads, and code requirements. Its value is usually 0.2 to 0.4 times the average bearing pressure under design conditions. The equivalent overturning moment, calculated based on the structural overturning effect and referred to the isolation layer during the current control cycle, can be obtained from the horizontal inertial force at the top floor and the distribution of internal forces between stories. The overturning moment limit, determined based on the structural overturning design and the tensile performance of the seismic isolation bearings, can be selected as the structural overturning design value. times; This is an operator that takes the non-negative part and is used to ignore negative contributions when the safety margin is sufficient. The upper limit truncation operator is used to ensure that the tensile risk factor of the support does not exceed 1. When near and near hour, Approaching 1; in this embodiment, when When the value is greater than 0.7, it is determined that the seismic isolation bearing has a high risk of being subjected to tension. The linkage control unit is triggered to simultaneously improve the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper and enhance the reverse overturning moment generated by the active tuned mass damper.

[0076] In this embodiment, when the seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module determines that the bearing is at risk of tension, the linkage control unit coordinates the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit to carry out collaborative anti-tension control according to a unified linkage control strategy. Specifically, this embodiment sends a variable damping control command to the variable damping intelligent control unit, temporarily increasing the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper to 1.2 to 1.4 times the nominal damping level, thereby enhancing the horizontal constraint capability of the seismic isolation layer and suppressing excessive displacement of the seismic isolation layer. At the same time, the linkage control unit sends an anti-tension priority control command to the AMD intelligent control unit, driving the active tuned mass damper to output a reverse overturning moment, the upper limit of which can be increased to 80% to 90% of the rated output, to counteract the overturning tendency of the upper part of the structure and restore the compression state of the seismic isolation bearing. Under multiple representative strong earthquake conditions, the dual-path anti-tension mechanism of this embodiment can reduce the peak value of the bearing tension risk coefficient from about 0.9 to about 0.6, significantly reducing the probability of tension on the seismic isolation bearing while maintaining a 20% to 30% reduction in the top-level acceleration, and improving the overall safety margin of the seismic isolation structure.

[0077] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0078] (1) This invention integrates the variable damping control system and the AMD control system and uses a linkage control unit for coordination, thereby achieving complementary advantages and collaborative work of the two systems, significantly improving the overall vibration reduction effect, and realizing system integration and collaborative control.

[0079] (2) This invention converts seismic energy into various forms of usable energy through a hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper and an energy transfer module, which powers the variable damping system and the AMD system, solves the problem of traditional active control systems relying on external power sources, significantly improves system reliability and endurance, and enhances energy utilization efficiency and system self-supply capability.

[0080] (3) The present invention generates a reverse overturning moment by applying an active control force through the top AMD, and combined with the real-time adjustment of the variable damping system, effectively suppresses the tensile stress of the support, extends the support life and improves the overturning stability of the structure, and enhances the structural protection capability.

[0081] (4) Based on multi-sensor data and intelligent algorithms, the linkage control unit can adjust the parameters of the variable damping system and the AMD system in real time to achieve multi-objective optimization control, taking into account the damping effect, support protection and energy recovery efficiency, and realizing intelligent adaptive control.

[0082] (5) The present invention uses a high-precision servo motor and an electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve, which has a short system response time and high control accuracy. It can adapt to the randomness and suddenness of ground vibration, ensure timely and accurate control, and improve the system response speed and control accuracy.

[0083] (6) The emergency linkage mode and intelligent energy management of the present invention ensure the normal operation of the core functions of the system under extreme working conditions, improve the overall seismic toughness and safety, and enhance the system's robustness and emergency response capabilities.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0085] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage, characterized in that, include: The building's main structure, seismic isolation bearings, hydraulic inertial-capacitive dampers, energy transfer modules, energy storage modules, and sensor networks also include a variable damping intelligent control unit, an actively tuned mass damper, an AMD intelligent control unit, and a linkage control unit. The seismic isolation bearing is installed at the bottom support of the main structure of the building, and the bottom layer of the main structure of the building is defined as the seismic isolation layer. The hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper is installed in the seismic isolation layer and connected to the seismic isolation bearing. It is used to provide damping force during an earthquake and convert the earthquake input energy into the kinetic energy of water. The energy transfer module is connected to the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper and is used to convert the kinetic energy of water into the gravitational potential energy, flywheel mechanical energy and electrical energy of water. The energy storage module includes a water tank for storing the gravitational potential energy and an energy storage unit for storing the flywheel mechanical energy and the electrical energy. The energy storage module is used to provide driving energy for the variable damping intelligent control unit and the active tuned mass damper. The sensor network includes acceleration sensors arranged at the nodes of vertical members and horizontal beams of the main structure of the building and force sensors arranged at the bottom of the seismic isolation bearing, for real-time monitoring of the dynamic response of the main structure of the building and the stress state of the seismic isolation bearing. The variable damping intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the sensor network and the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper, and is used to adjust the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper according to the monitoring data collected by the sensor network. The active tuned mass damper is located at the top of the main structure of the building and is used to apply control force to the main structure of the building under seismic action; the AMD intelligent control unit is communicatively connected to the sensor network, the active tuned mass damper and the energy storage module, and is used to calculate the target control force of the active tuned mass damper in real time based on the monitoring data collected by the sensor network and the energy state of the energy storage module. The linkage control unit is communicatively connected to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit. It is used to coordinate the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper and the control force of the active tuned mass damper according to the dynamic response of the main structure of the building, the stress state of the seismic isolation bearing, and the energy state of the energy storage module. This allows the damping characteristics and the control force to work synergistically in time and direction, thereby simultaneously reducing the acceleration response of the main structure of the building, controlling the inter-story displacement within the allowable range, preventing the seismic isolation bearing from being under tension, and improving the efficiency of seismic energy recovery and utilization.

2. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage control unit takes the dynamic response of the main structure of the building, the force state of the seismic isolation bearing, and the energy state of the energy storage module collected by the sensor network as input information, and outputs variable damping control commands to the variable damping intelligent control unit and AMD control commands to the AMD intelligent control unit, respectively, so as to realize the coordinated adjustment of the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper and the control force of the active tuned mass damper.

3. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the linkage control unit adopts a multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy, it simultaneously takes reducing the acceleration response of the main structure of the building, controlling the inter-story displacement within the allowable range, preventing the seismic isolation bearing from being under tension, maximizing the seismic energy dissipation efficiency, and optimizing the energy recovery and storage effect in the energy storage module as collaborative optimization objectives. The control effects of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit are comprehensively evaluated based on a unified control performance evaluation index.

4. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage control unit adopts an adaptive weight allocation algorithm. Based on the changes in the dynamic response amplitude and frequency characteristics of the main building structure, the stress state of the seismic isolation bearings, and the energy state of the energy storage module, it dynamically adjusts the control weights allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit. This ensures that under small and medium earthquake conditions, the acceleration response of the main building structure is reduced first, and under long-duration and strong earthquake conditions, the inter-story displacement is controlled first, and the seismic isolation bearings are prevented from being subjected to tension.

5. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage control unit includes a performance evaluation module. The performance evaluation module is used to evaluate the linkage control effect of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit under the current working condition in real time based on the comparison results of the acceleration response, inter-story displacement and stress state of the main structure of the building before and after control, and automatically adjust the target weights and control parameters in the multi-objective collaborative optimization control strategy according to the evaluation results.

6. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage control unit includes a seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module. The seismic isolation bearing status monitoring module is used to determine the compression state of the seismic isolation bearing in real time based on the monitoring data of the force sensor. When it is detected that the seismic isolation bearing may be under tension, the linkage control unit coordinates and controls the variable damping intelligent control unit to improve the damping characteristics of the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper, and controls the AMD intelligent control unit to drive the active tuned mass damper to generate a reverse overturning moment, so as to jointly suppress the tension of the seismic isolation bearing.

7. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an energy management unit, which is communicatively connected to the linkage control unit and the energy storage module. The energy management unit is used to dynamically adjust the energy usage priority and energy consumption limit allocated to the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit based on the predicted earthquake duration and intensity and the energy status of the energy storage module, so as to prioritize the control needs of the active tuned mass damper and the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper under critical operating conditions.

8. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage control unit is equipped with an emergency linkage control mode. When the sensor network detects extreme ground motion conditions, the linkage control unit automatically controls the variable damping intelligent control unit to switch the hydraulic inertial capacitive damper to a preset maximum damping state, and simultaneously controls the AMD intelligent control unit to switch the active tuned mass damper to a preset maximum output state, so as to enhance the safety of the main structure of the building and the seismic isolation bearing.

9. The AMD intelligent linkage control system for seismic isolation structures based on the principle of seismic energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an energy recovery efficiency monitoring module, which is communicatively connected to the linkage control unit and the energy storage module. This module is used to calculate in real time the energy capture rate, energy conversion efficiency, and energy utilization rate of seismic energy through the hydraulic inertial-capacitive damper, the energy transfer module, and the energy storage module. The calculation results are then fed back to the linkage control unit, which optimizes the linkage control strategy and energy distribution strategy of the variable damping intelligent control unit and the AMD intelligent control unit, while meeting the vibration control requirements of the main building structure and the anti-tensile requirements of the seismic isolation bearings.

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