Window body assembly, space unit and use method

Abstract

The invention provides a window body assembly, a space unit and a using method. The window body assembly comprises photovoltaic assemblies and transparent substrates which are arranged at intervals. The supporting assembly is used for adjusting the spacing distance between the photovoltaic assembly and the transparent substrate, and the two ends of the supporting assembly abut against the photovoltaic assembly and the transparent substrate respectively; a radiation refrigeration coating is arranged on one surface, deviating from the transparent substrate, of the photovoltaic module; a water absorption and drainage coating is arranged on the face, away from the photovoltaic assembly, of the transparent substrate. According to the technical scheme, utilization of multiband radiation energy is achieved through cooperation of the photovoltaic module and the radiation refrigeration coating, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the temperature transfer effect and the condensation control effect are adjusted by adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate. In addition, condensation is guided through the water absorption and drainage coating, so that the situation that the condensation directly falls onto plants is reduced, and the situation that the surfaces of crops mildew is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building technology, and in particular to a window component, a space unit, and a method of using it. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of agricultural greenhouses, how to synergistically achieve efficient energy utilization, air and water resource recovery, crop growth environment optimization, and building energy conservation is one of the key issues currently facing the industry. The core pain point lies in the fact that the greenhouse environment is prone to high humidity due to crop transpiration. If humidity is not properly controlled, the resulting condensation will drip directly onto the crop surface, easily causing mold, leaf rot, and other diseases, which not only affect crop yield and quality but may also cause significant economic losses to growers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a form component, a space unit, and a method of use to improve the control of condensation.

[0004] In a first aspect, a window assembly is provided, which includes photovoltaic modules and a transparent substrate arranged at intervals; it also includes a support component for adjusting the interval between the photovoltaic modules and the transparent substrate, wherein both ends of the support component abut against the photovoltaic modules and the transparent substrate respectively. The photovoltaic module has a radiation cooling coating on the side facing away from the transparent substrate; The transparent substrate has a water-absorbing and water-releasing coating on the side facing away from the photovoltaic module.

[0005] In the above technical solution, the combination of photovoltaic modules and a radiation-cooling coating enables the utilization of multi-band radiation energy, improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic modules and the transparent substrate, the temperature transfer effect is adjusted, controlling the condensation effect. Additionally, the water-absorbing and releasing coating guides the condensation, reducing the likelihood of it falling directly onto plants and minimizing mold growth on crop surfaces.

[0006] In one specific implementation, the form assembly further includes a flow guiding component, the flow guiding component including a flow guiding channel for collecting condensate from the absorbent / discharge coating, and a flow guiding pipe communicating with the flow guiding channel.

[0007] In one specific implementation, there are multiple flow channels and multiple flow pipes; and the multiple flow pipes are connected to the multiple flow channels to form a grid-like flow channel.

[0008] In one specific implementation, the guide channel is arranged at an angle, and the two ends of the guide channel are at different heights.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the flow channel is fixedly connected to the transparent substrate, and / or, The flow guide tube is fixedly connected to the transparent substrate.

[0010] In one specific implementation, the water-absorbing and releasing coating is made of gel-based materials, phase change composite fiber materials, or porous adsorption materials.

[0011] In one specific implementation, the support assembly includes multiple expansion components and a driving mechanism; each expansion component includes a first support rod, a second support rod, and a driving nut, wherein the first support rod and the second support rod are respectively hinged to the driving nut, the first support rod abuts against the photovoltaic module, and the second support rod abuts against the transparent substrate; The drive mechanism includes a lead screw and a drive assembly that drives the lead screw to rotate; the drive nut is threadedly connected to the lead screw.

[0012] In one specific implementation, the support assembly includes an elastic airbag located between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate, and an air pump for inflating the elastic airbag.

[0013] In a second aspect, a spatial unit is provided, comprising a wall and a roof; and a window assembly as described above disposed on the wall or the roof.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the combination of photovoltaic modules and a radiation-cooling coating enables the utilization of multi-band radiation energy, improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic modules and the transparent substrate, the temperature transfer effect is adjusted, controlling the condensation effect. Additionally, the water-absorbing and releasing coating guides the condensation, reducing the likelihood of it falling directly onto plants and minimizing mold growth on crop surfaces.

[0015] In one specific implementation scheme, a humidity module is also included for detecting the humidity within the space unit; It also includes a control module, which is used to adjust the spacing between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate through the support component based on the comparison result of the detected humidity and the set value.

[0016] In one specific implementation, the control module is specifically used to: when the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than a set value, control the support component to reduce the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to increase condensation; and when the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than the set value, control the support component to increase the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to reduce condensation.

[0017] Thirdly, a method for using a spatial unit is provided, wherein the spatial unit is any of the spatial units described above, and the method includes the following steps: Detect humidity within the space unit; Based on the comparison between the detected humidity and the set value, the spacing between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate is adjusted by the support component.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the temperature transfer effect is adjusted by changing the distance between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate, thereby controlling the condensation effect. Furthermore, a water-absorbing and releasing coating guides the condensation, reducing the likelihood of it falling directly onto plants and minimizing mold growth on crop surfaces.

[0019] In one specific implementation scheme, when the space unit includes a humidity module, adjusting the spacing between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate via the support component based on a comparison between the detected humidity and a set value specifically includes: When the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than a set value, the support component is controlled to reduce the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to increase condensation. When the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than a set value, the support component is controlled to increase the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to reduce condensation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a scenario where the form component provided in this application is applied to a spatial unit; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the form component provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the flow guiding components provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the flow channel and the transparent substrate provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 The flow guiding component provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another supporting component provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in one or more embodiments of this specification do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] To facilitate understanding of the window component provided in this application embodiment, its application scenarios are first described. The window component provided in this application embodiment is applied in different scenarios, such as in spatial units, including those in desert areas, tropical regions, or other climate types. These spatial units can be of different types, such as greenhouses used in agriculture or houses used for human habitation. In addition to the above scenarios, the window component can also be applied to transportation vehicles, such as in spatial units of airplanes, ships, and automobiles. Current windows, when utilizing solar energy, exhibit low multi-band energy utilization. Furthermore, windows cannot recover moisture from humid air and do not control condensation, thus failing to improve the efficiency of water energy utilization. Therefore, this application embodiment provides a window component to improve the utilization of light energy and control condensation. A detailed description follows with reference to specific drawings and embodiments.

[0024] refer to Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This diagram illustrates an application scenario of the form component 100 provided in this embodiment. The form component 100 provided in this embodiment is applied to a spatial unit. Figure 1 As shown, the spatial unit includes walls 20 and a roof 10, which is a gable roof. Crops 30 are cultivated within the spatial unit. A window assembly 100 can be arranged on either the wall 20 or the roof 10. When the window assembly 100 is applied to the roof 10, its slope is the same as the slope of the roof 10, such as... Figure 1 The angle θ shown is ≥ 5°. When the form assembly 100 is applied to the wall 20, the form assembly 100 is parallel to the wall 20, and the space unit assembly is perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In use, light can pass through the form assembly 100 to illuminate the space unit, providing light energy.

[0025] Please refer to the above. Figure 2 , Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a window assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. The window assembly 100 provided in this embodiment mainly includes a photovoltaic module 110 and a transparent substrate 130, wherein the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 are arranged at intervals to form a double-layer structure. It should be understood that when the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 are arranged, the photovoltaic module 110 is closer to the outside of the spatial unit, while the transparent substrate 130 is closer to the inside of the spatial unit. This allows sunlight to first illuminate the photovoltaic module 110 and then pass through the transparent substrate 130. The photovoltaic module 110 is a semi-transparent photovoltaic module to allow light to pass through it, while the transparent substrate 130 is a highly transparent substrate to ensure indoor light transmittance.

[0026] A cavity, specifically an adjustable air chamber 170, is formed between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 to adjust the heat conduction effect. In a specific configuration, a support component 150 is also provided between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130. Both ends of the support component 150 abut against the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130, respectively, and are used to adjust the distance between them. This support component 150 is of adjustable length; adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 can be achieved by adjusting the length of the support component 150.

[0027] By adjusting the thickness of the air cavity 170, the heat transfer efficiency between the two layer structures (photovoltaic module 110 and transparent substrate 130) can be controlled, thereby precisely controlling the condensation level inside the transparent substrate 130. For example, when condensation needs to be reduced, the thickness of the air cavity 170 can be increased, lowering the heat transfer efficiency. Conversely, when condensation needs to be increased, the thickness of the air cavity 170 can be decreased, improving the heat transfer efficiency. In practical applications, the temperature and humidity requirements within the space unit can be conveyed according to the different time periods of the space unit.

[0028] When using the 170mm thickness adjustment of the air cavity to control condensation, there is no need to rely on ventilation or heating devices to control condensation, reducing additional energy consumption; the photovoltaic module 110 generates electricity to supplement the energy demand of the space unit, and combined with the water-saving effect of water recycling, it reduces the energy and water consumption of the space unit in two ways, thereby significantly reducing the overall operating cost.

[0029] Continue to refer to Figure 2As shown, a radiation-cooling coating 120 is provided on the side of the photovoltaic module 110 facing away from the transparent substrate 130. This side of the photovoltaic module 110 is the surface facing outwards from the spatial unit. Light passes through the radiation-cooling coating 120 before irradiating the photovoltaic module 110. Under light irradiation, the radiation-cooling coating 120 emits long-wave radiation to achieve cooling, while simultaneously allowing short-wave radiation to pass through. The short-wave radiation is received by the semi-transparent photovoltaic module 110 for power generation. Furthermore, the cooling effect of the radiation-cooling coating 120 reduces the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 110, mitigating the problem of decreased conversion efficiency due to temperature increases, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 110.

[0030] As can be seen from the above description, by integrating radiative cooling, shortwave radiation utilization and photovoltaic module 110, the synergistic utilization of multi-band radiative energy is achieved, changing the existing single energy utilization mode. At the same time, by using radiative cooling to cool down the photovoltaic module 110, the problem of its conversion efficiency decline due to temperature rise is effectively alleviated, and energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0031] A water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 is provided on the side of the transparent substrate 130 facing away from the photovoltaic module 110, that is, the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 is provided on the indoor side of the transparent substrate 130. The water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 allows condensate to roll and flow quickly, avoiding condensation and hanging residue. In addition, since the window assembly 100 is inclined or vertically arranged relative to the horizontal plane, the condensate formed on the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 can flow along the surface of the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 under its own power, thus guiding the flow direction of the condensate without power and reducing the risk of condensation falling onto the crops 30. In an optional embodiment, the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 can absorb water vapor in the air during the day / night and release it during the day or night or when the active device is heated, realizing the capture and recycling of moisture in the greenhouse air.

[0032] As can be seen from the above description, in the technical solution disclosed in this application, the photovoltaic module 110 and the radiative cooling coating 120 work together to utilize multi-band radiative energy, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 110. Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130, the temperature transfer effect is adjusted, controlling the condensation effect. In addition, the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 guides the condensation, reducing the direct fall of condensation onto plants when this window component is applied to a greenhouse, thus reducing the likelihood of mold growth on the surface of the crops 30. When applied to other types of space units, it can improve the situation regarding condensation dripping.

[0033] The water-absorbing and releasing coating provided in this application embodiment can be prepared using different materials. For example, it can be a gel-based material, a phase change composite fiber material, or a porous adsorbent material. Exemplarily, gel-based materials have the characteristic of reversible change in water absorption after heating or stress, and can be used for moisture absorption and release cycles in greenhouses. For example, a gel composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and lithium chloride can be used to form a porous network structure with high hygroscopicity, stability, and scalability. Phase change composite fiber materials change morphology when heated, compressing pores and thus changing water absorption, such as paraffin / cotton composite fibers. Porous adsorbent materials have a sponge-like porous structure, desorbing moisture when heated and reabsorbing moisture when cooled, such as activated alumina.

[0034] Please refer to the above. Figure 3 As shown, in one specific implementation, the window assembly 100 further includes a guide assembly 160 for guiding condensation on the absorbent coating 140 to the ground. The guide assembly 160 includes a guide channel 161 and a guide pipe 162, wherein the guide channel 161 and the guide pipe 162 communicate to form a channel for guiding condensate, such as... Figure 3 The dashed lines with lead ends indicate the direction of condensate flow. In use, the condensate formed on the absorbent coating 140 flows downwards under its own weight and collects in the guide channel 161. See also... Figure 5 As shown, the condensate in the guide channel 161 flows into the guide pipe 162 and is guided to the water storage tank 40 of the irrigation system. After being stored in the water storage tank 40, the condensate undergoes a condensate return process. Figure 5 As shown, the irrigation system can irrigate the crops 30 through the water distribution pipe 50 during irrigation, thereby realizing the reuse of condensate. The water distribution pipe 50 can be controlled by the control switch 60.

[0035] Continue to refer to Figure 3In one optional embodiment, the number of guide channels 161 and guide pipes 162 provided in this application embodiment can be multiple, and the multiple guide pipes 162 and multiple guide channels 161 are connected to form a grid-like guide channel. For example, the multiple guide channels 161 can be arranged in an array, forming multiple rows, with each row having multiple guide channels 161. Guide pipes 162 are spaced apart between adjacent rows of guide channels 161, and both ends of each guide channel 161 in this arrangement are connected to the guide pipe 162 on the corresponding side. When the flow channel is formed by the flow channel 161 and the flow pipe 162, the water absorption and discharge coating 140 can be divided into multiple areas. Each area collects condensate through the corresponding flow channel 161, which reduces the path length of condensate flowing into the flow channel 161. The collected condensate is distributed in different flow channels 161, which reduces the amount of condensate in each flow channel 161, thereby reducing the risk of excessive condensate overflowing from the flow channel 161.

[0036] In one alternative, a row of guide channels 161 is arranged parallel to one edge of the window assembly 100, and multiple rows of guide channels 161 are arranged parallel to the other edge of the window assembly 100, thereby dividing the light-transmitting area (the area where the transparent substrate 130 is located) within the window assembly 100 into approximately equal-sized areas.

[0037] In one alternative arrangement, the guide channel 161 is inclined, and the two ends of the guide channel 161 are at different heights. When arranged in this way, the length direction of the guide channel 161 is inclined relative to the flow direction of the condensate. When the condensate flows into the guide channel 161, it can still rely on gravity to flow, thereby reducing the residence time of the condensate in the guide channel 161 and improving the flow efficiency of the condensate.

[0038] Please refer to the above. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in the specific arrangement of the guide channel 161, the guide channel 161 includes a support surface 1611 parallel to the water absorption and discharge coating 140 and an arc-shaped surface 1612 connected to the support surface 1611. A space for condensate is formed between the support surface 1611 and the arc-shaped surface 1612, and an opening is formed between the support surface 1611 and the arc-shaped surface 1612, serving as the condensate inlet of the guide channel 161. In this manner, on the opening side of the guide channel 161, along the vertical direction (as shown by the reference line), the arc-shaped surface 1612 partially protrudes outward from the outer edge of the support surface 1611. When the condensate flows to the horizontal plane, it can fall directly into the arc-shaped surface 1612 and be guided into the guide channel 161 through the arc-shaped surface 1612.

[0039] When the guide channel 161 and the guide pipe 162 are connected, the guide pipes 162 distributed on both sides of the same guide channel 161 are fixedly connected to the corresponding ends of the guide channel 161 and are in communication. When condensate flows through the guide channel 161, the condensate can be distributed and transported in different guide pipes 162. Moreover, through the grid-like guide channel formed by the guide channel 161 and the guide pipe 162, when there is too much condensate in a local area, the risk of overflow can be reduced by internal diversion, ensuring the effective conduction of condensate.

[0040] Continue to refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the flow guiding assembly 160 is arranged, it is fixed to the transparent substrate 130. For example, a flow guiding channel 161 can be fixedly connected to the transparent substrate 130, and / or a flow guiding tube 162 can be fixedly connected to the transparent substrate 130. Specifically, when fixing the flow guiding assembly 160, only the flow guiding channel 161 or only the flow guiding tube 162 can be fixedly connected to the transparent substrate 130. Alternatively, both the flow guiding channel 161 and the flow guiding tube 162 can be fixedly connected to the transparent substrate 130 simultaneously. In specific fixing connections, they can be fixedly connected using connectors or by adhesive bonding. When using connectors, they can be fixedly connected using threaded connectors, such as bolts or screws. Alternatively, they can be fixedly connected using different connectors such as snap-fit ​​connectors or riveting connectors.

[0041] The support component 150 provided in this embodiment is an adjustable-length support component, which can be implemented through different structures. For example, such as... Figure 6As shown, the support assembly 150 provided in this embodiment includes multiple expansion assemblies 151 and a driving mechanism 152. The expansion assemblies 151 are used to adjust the spacing between two layered structures, while the driving mechanism 152 provides power to drive the expansion assemblies 151. For example, the expansion assembly 151 includes a first support rod 1512, a second support rod 1513, and a driving nut 1511. The first support rod 1512 and the second support rod 1513 are positioned on either side of the driving nut 1511 and are hinged to it. Furthermore, the first support rod 1512 abuts against the photovoltaic module 110, and the second support rod 1513 abuts against the transparent substrate 130. The first support rod 1512, the second support rod 1513, and the driving nut 1511 form a horizontal V-shaped structure. When the driving nut 1511 moves, the angle between the first support rod 1512 and the second support rod 1513 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the spacing between the two layered structures. The drive mechanism 152 includes a lead screw and a drive assembly for driving the lead screw to rotate. This drive assembly can be a motor or a combination of a motor and a reducer. In use, the lead screw is threadedly connected to the drive nut 1511. When the lead screw rotates, it causes the drive nut 1511 to slide, thereby adjusting the angle between the first support rod 1512 and the second support rod 1513, thus adjusting the spacing between the two layers. It should be understood that the length direction of the lead screw is parallel to the surface of the transparent substrate 130 to ensure that the drive nut 1511 translates along the tilt direction of the transparent substrate 130 during movement.

[0042] In an alternative embodiment, when arranging the expansion components 151, multiple expansion components 151 can be arranged in an array to form multiple support points between the two layer structures. When the drive mechanism 152 cooperates with the expansion components 151, each drive mechanism 152 can correspond to one row of expansion components 151, or one row of expansion components 151 can correspond to two drive mechanisms 152. The specific correspondence can be adjusted according to actual needs, and no specific limitation is made in the embodiments of this application.

[0043] In an optional configuration, the first support rod 1512 and the second support rod 1513 can each form a stable connection with their respective layer structures. For example, the first support rod 1512 can be rotatably connected to the photovoltaic module 110 via a universal joint, and the second support rod 1513 can be rotatably connected to the transparent substrate 130 via a universal joint. When arranged in this manner, a stable connection point can be formed between the transparent substrate 130 and the photovoltaic module 110, thereby ensuring the stability between the two layer structures by pulling the two layer structures together using the expansion component 151.

[0044] In addition to the support component 150 described in the example above, the support component 150 may also be used in other ways, for example, such as Figure 7As shown, the support assembly 150 includes an elastic air bladder 153 located between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130, and an air pump for inflating the elastic air bladder 153. In this configuration, the distance between the transparent substrate 130 and the photovoltaic module 110 can be adjusted by the air pressure within the elastic air bladder 153. For example, when the air pump inflates the elastic air bladder 153, the volume of the elastic air bladder 153 increases, which can push the transparent substrate 130 and the photovoltaic module 110 away from each other, thereby increasing the area between the two layers. When the air pump deflates the air bladder 153, the volume of the elastic air bladder 153 decreases, which can bring the transparent substrate 130 and the photovoltaic module 110 closer together, thereby reducing the distance between the two layers.

[0045] Of course, in addition to the above-described method, the support component 150 can also adopt other structures, such as pneumatic telescopic rods or hydraulic rods, or other structures with adjustable lengths.

[0046] In addition to the structure exemplified above, the window assembly provided in this application embodiment may also include a frame, with the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 arranged within the frame. When the spacing between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 is adjustable, one layer structure of the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 may be fixedly connected to the frame, while the other layer structure may slide within the frame to ensure that the spacing between the two layer structures is adjustable.

[0047] In an alternative scheme, when the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 are arranged within the frame, and when the elastic airbag 153 is used to adjust the spacing between the two layer structures, the scheme can be simplified to a sealed connection between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 and the frame, so that the frame, the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 form a sealed space, and the air pump can directly inflate or deflate the sealed space to achieve the adjustment of the spacing between the two layer structures.

[0048] In one optional embodiment, the number of transparent substrates 130 and photovoltaic modules 110 in the window assembly 100 provided in this application embodiment can be one or more, or the number of transparent substrates 130 can be one and the number of photovoltaic modules 110 can be multiple, or the number of transparent substrates 130 can be multiple and the number of photovoltaic modules 110 can be one. The specific correspondence is not specifically limited in this application embodiment; the size and number of the transparent substrates 130 and photovoltaic modules 110 can be selected according to the actual size of the window assembly 100.

[0049] As can be seen from the above description, the structure of the window component provided in this application embodiment has the following advantages: 1. Improve the comprehensive utilization rate of multi-band energy: By integrating radiation cooling, shortwave radiation utilization and photovoltaic module 110, the synergistic utilization of multi-band radiation energy is realized, changing the existing single energy utilization mode. At the same time, radiation cooling is used to cool down the photovoltaic module 110, effectively alleviating the problem of decreased conversion efficiency caused by temperature rise, and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0050] 2. Efficiently recover moisture and reduce water consumption: The hydrophobic / hydrophilic coating on the inner surface of the window component 100 optimizes the condensation rolling flow, and combined with the collection design of the flow guiding component 160, it realizes efficient recovery of moisture in the high humidity indoor air; the recovered condensate can be reused for irrigation of crops 30, reducing dependence on external water supply and reducing water consumption and water costs in the space unit.

[0051] 3. Reduce crop diseases and ensure growth quality: The adjustable air layer precisely controls the amount of condensation, preventing excessive condensation from dripping directly onto the surface of the crop. At the same time, it efficiently recovers water to reduce the high humidity environment indoors, thereby reducing the risk of diseases such as mold and leaf rot in the crop and ensuring the growth quality and yield of the crop.

[0052] 4. Reduced energy consumption and operating costs: No need to rely on ventilation and heating devices to control condensation, reducing additional energy consumption; the photovoltaic modules generate electricity to supplement the energy needs of the space unit, and combined with the water recycling effect, it reduces the energy and water consumption of the space unit, thereby significantly reducing the overall operating costs.

[0053] 5. Ensure the light transmittance of the space unit: The sloping roof structure 10 and the reasonable layout of the air guiding components 160 are adopted to avoid additional shading of the light passing through the window structure of the space unit, ensuring that the transmittance ratio of the semi-transparent photovoltaic modules 110 meets the photosynthetic needs of the crop 30 and does not affect the normal growth of the crop 30.

[0054] This application embodiment also provides a spatial unit, which includes a wall 20 and a roof 10; and a window assembly 100 of any of the above-mentioned features disposed on the wall 20 or the roof 10. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the form assembly 100 when it is arranged on the roof 10. When the form assembly 100 is arranged on the roof 10, its frame can be fixed to the roof 10. When the form assembly 100 is arranged on the wall 20, its arrangement is similar to that when it is arranged on the roof 10, only the position is changed, and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] In the above technical solution, the photovoltaic module 110 and the radiative cooling coating 120 work together to utilize multi-band radiative energy, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 110. Furthermore, by adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130, the temperature transfer effect is adjusted, controlling the condensation effect. Additionally, the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 guides the condensation, reducing the likelihood of it falling directly onto plants and minimizing mold growth on the surface of the crop 30.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the space unit provided in this application further includes a humidity module and a control module. The humidity module detects the humidity within the space unit, while the control module adjusts the spacing between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 via the support component 150 based on a comparison between the detected humidity and a set value. This control module can control whether condensation is needed based on the indoor humidity requirements. When the humidity is too high and condensation is needed to reduce air humidity, or when the humidity is too low and condensation needs to be reduced, the spacing between the two layers can be adjusted to regulate the heat transfer effect.

[0057] The humidity module provided in this application embodiment can be a hygrometer or other device capable of measuring humidity, which will not be described in detail here. The control module provided in this application embodiment can be a microcontroller, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a central control computer, or other control modules.

[0058] In a specific example, the control module is used to: reduce the gap between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 when the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than a set value, thereby increasing condensation; and increase the gap between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 when the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than the set value, thereby reducing condensation. In specific adjustments, the spacing between the two layers can be adjusted by extending or retracting the support component 150. For example, when the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than the set value, the length of the support component 150 is reduced, thereby decreasing the gap between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 and reducing heat transfer. When the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than the set value, the length of the support component 150 is extended, thereby increasing the gap between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 and increasing heat transfer.

[0059] It should be understood that the above control logic applies to situations where the temperature outside the space unit is higher than the temperature inside the space unit, such as the control logic during a sunny day. When the temperature outside the space unit is lower than the temperature inside the space unit, the control logic is the opposite of the control logic when the temperature outside the space unit is higher than the temperature inside the space unit, and will not be explained further here.

[0060] This application also provides a method for using a spatial unit, wherein the spatial unit is any of the spatial units described above, and the method includes the following steps: Step 001: Detect the humidity inside the space unit; Specifically, the humidity is detected using a humidity module.

[0061] Step 002: Based on the comparison between the detected humidity and the set value, adjust the spacing between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 using the support component 150.

[0062] Specifically, when the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than the set value, the control support component 150 reduces the gap between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 to increase condensation. When the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than the set value, the control support component 150 increases the gap between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130 to reduce condensation.

[0063] In the above technical solution, the temperature transfer effect is adjusted and the condensation effect is controlled by adjusting the distance between the photovoltaic module 110 and the transparent substrate 130. In addition, the water-absorbing and releasing coating 140 guides the condensation, thereby reducing the possibility of it falling directly onto the plants and reducing the occurrence of mold on the surface of the crop 30.

[0064] One or more embodiments of this specification are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0065] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A form component, characterized in that, It includes photovoltaic modules and a transparent substrate arranged at intervals; it also includes a support component for adjusting the interval between the photovoltaic modules and the transparent substrate, wherein both ends of the support component abut against the photovoltaic modules and the transparent substrate respectively; The photovoltaic module has a radiation cooling coating on the side facing away from the transparent substrate; The transparent substrate has a water-absorbing and water-releasing coating on the side facing away from the photovoltaic module.

2. The window component according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a flow guiding component, which includes a flow guiding channel for collecting condensate from the absorbent and desorbent coating, and a flow guiding pipe connected to the flow guiding channel.

3. The form component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of flow channels is multiple, and the number of flow pipes is multiple; and the multiple flow pipes are connected to the multiple flow channels to form a grid-like flow channel.

4. The form component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guide channel is arranged at an angle, and the two ends of the guide channel are at different heights.

5. The form component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow channel is fixedly connected to the transparent substrate, and / or, The flow guide tube is fixedly connected to the transparent substrate.

6. The form component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-absorbing and releasing coating is made of gel-based materials, phase change composite fiber materials, or porous adsorption materials.

7. The form component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The support assembly includes multiple expansion components and a driving mechanism; each expansion component includes a first support rod, a second support rod, and a driving nut, wherein the first support rod and the second support rod are respectively hinged to the driving nut, the first support rod abuts against the photovoltaic module, and the second support rod abuts against the transparent substrate; The drive mechanism includes a lead screw and a drive assembly that drives the lead screw to rotate; the drive nut is threadedly connected to the lead screw.

8. The form component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The support assembly includes an elastic airbag located between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate, and an air pump for inflating the elastic airbag.

9. A spatial unit, characterized in that, Includes walls and roofs; and a window assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 disposed on the walls or roofs.

10. The spatial unit according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a humidity module for detecting the humidity within the space unit; It also includes a control module, which is used to adjust the spacing between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate through the support component based on the comparison result of the detected humidity and the set value.

11. The spatial unit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The control module is specifically used to: when the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than a set value, control the support component to reduce the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to increase condensation; and when the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than a set value, control the support component to increase the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to reduce condensation.

12. A method of using a spatial unit, characterized in that, The spatial unit is the spatial unit as described in any one of claims 9 to 11, and the method includes the following steps: Detect humidity within the space unit; Based on the comparison between the detected humidity and the set value, the spacing between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate is adjusted by the support component.

13. The method of using the spatial unit according to claim 12, characterized in that, When the space unit includes a humidity module, adjusting the spacing between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate via the support component based on the comparison result of the detected humidity and the set value specifically includes: When the humidity detected by the humidity module is greater than a set value, the support component is controlled to reduce the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to increase condensation. When the humidity detected by the humidity module is less than a set value, the support component is controlled to increase the gap between the photovoltaic module and the transparent substrate to reduce condensation.

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