Slope-angle-variable gravel slope model test device and method

Abstract

A variable slope angle gravel slope model test device comprises a base plate, a model box, a permeable step box, a ballasting step box, a propelling plate, a stability maintaining plate, a movable counter-force frame, a propelling base plate and a sunlight and rainwater steel support. The model box is rotationally connected with a fixed rotating shaft ring on the base plate through a front-end rotating shaft below the front end of the model box, the propelling plate is arranged below the model box and can drive the model box to lift and adjust a slope angle by taking the front-end rotating shaft as a circle center, and the stability maintaining plate is arranged in front of the model box to form an auxiliary support; the permeable step box and the weight step box are movably installed at the front end and the rear end in the model box respectively, the movable counter-force frame pushes the propelling plate to move through the propelling base plate, and the sunlight and rainwater steel support is installed on the base plate and used for simulating illumination and rainfall environments. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the slope-angle-variable gravel slope model test device and method, which overcome the defects of the traditional slope model test in the aspects of support safety, initial condition authenticity, economic applicability, observation convenience and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering model testing technology, and in particular to a model testing device and method for a gravel slope with variable slope angle. Background Technology

[0002] Physical model testing is an effective means of studying slope stability and deformation failure mechanisms. However, traditional test models are often constructed with a fixed slope angle, lacking flexible test devices that can change the slope angle. This limits the study of slope stability and failure modes under different slope gradients. Existing experimental devices capable of adjusting the slope angle, such as the authorized invention patent "CN120254224B" which uses hydraulic tilt adjustment to change the slope angle, employs a single-point hinge combined with hydraulic or mechanical jacking. This single-point support method poses a high safety hazard, as the device is prone to torsional deformation during jacking and testing. Furthermore, traditional model box tests require filling the entire box, using a large amount of test material, significantly increasing costs. However, existing research shows that the four corners of the model box are far from the slope deformation and failure surface, maintaining a very stable state. Additionally, current model tests typically involve filling the model box with material after tilting it at a certain angle, failing to simulate the rolling, reorganization, and natural stability of gravel during natural slope formation. This discrepancy with reality affects the initial test conditions and reduces the reliability of the test results.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of variable slope angle slope model test device to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of support safety, initial condition authenticity, economic applicability, and observation convenience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test device and method for a crushed stone slope model with a variable slope angle, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional slope model tests in terms of support safety, initial condition authenticity, economic applicability and observation convenience.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a variable slope angle gravel slope model test device, comprising a base plate, a model box, a permeable step box, a counterweight step box, a propulsion plate, a stabilizing plate, a movable reaction frame, a propulsion pad, and a solar and rainwater steel support; the model box is rotatably connected to a fixed rotating shaft ring on the base plate via a front rotating shaft below its front end; the propulsion plate is located below the model box and can drive the model box to rise and adjust the slope angle around the front rotating shaft; the stabilizing plate is located in front of the model box to form auxiliary support; the permeable step box and the counterweight... Stepped boxes are movably installed at the front and rear ends inside the model box. A movable reaction frame pushes the propulsion plate to move via a propulsion pad. A solar and rainwater steel bracket is installed on the base plate to simulate sunlight and rainfall environments. The device is suitable for slope model tests using granular materials such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, and specific engineering fillers. During the test, the steel rollers at the rear end of the model box can move along the roller movement grooves on the propulsion plate. Water is injected through the ballast water inlet of the stepped box to simulate the soil pressure behind the slope. The sunlight and rainwater steel bracket's sun lamps and spray holes can respectively simulate sunlight and rainfall. Arc-shaped rear roller grooves are opened on both sides of the bottom rear end of the model box. The rear rollers include two circular steel rollers and a roller shaft between the steel rollers, with the steel rollers rotating around the roller shaft. A roller hole matching the roller shaft size is opened between the two rear roller grooves at the bottom rear end of the model box.

[0006] Preferably, the model box is a hollow, open-top cubic structure. The side panels of the model box are made of high-strength transparent acrylic sheets. The bottom plate of the model box is made of high-strength steel, with a hollow water collection layer in the middle. High-density, small-aperture circular drainage holes are provided above the water collection layer. A circular water outlet hole, connected to the water collection layer, is provided near the front pivot of the model box. Multiple hanging net rings are fixedly installed on the top of the model box, and a circular rear water inlet hole is provided near the center of the upper surface of the rear end plate. The front pivot includes two protruding cylindrical pivot heads and a cylindrical pivot body in the middle. The outer dimensions of the pivot heads match the internal dimensions of the fixed pivot rings, and the outer dimensions of the pivot body match the outer dimensions of the fixed pivot rings.

[0007] Preferably, the permeable step box is a hollow stepped box structure, including a permeable step side plate, a permeable step back plate, a permeable step bottom plate, and a stepped permeable step. High-density small-diameter circular permeable step holes that communicate with the interior are opened on the permeable step back plate, the permeable step bottom plate, and the permeable step. The permeable step holes have the same size as the permeable seepage holes on the bottom plate of the model box and are connected.

[0008] Preferably, the ballast step box is a hollow, stepped box structure, including ballast step side plates, ballast step back plates, ballast step bottom plates, and stepped ballast steps. A circular ballast water inlet hole is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the ballast step back plate, and the ballast water inlet hole is in the same position and size as the water inlet hole at the rear end of the model box. A partition is provided under each step inside the ballast step box, and the partition is connected to the ballast step bottom plate. A circular partition water hole is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the partition, and both the ballast water inlet hole and the partition water hole are adjacent to the lower end face of each ballast step.

[0009] Preferably, the feed plate includes a bottom feed base plate and an upper feed angle plate that can be stacked and added. The sides of both the feed base plate and the feed angle plate are fan-shaped, and each feed base plate and feed angle plate can add a slope angle of 5°. Both the feed base plate and the feed angle plate are provided with a feed plate block with a symmetrical bottom surface, a feed plate slot with a symmetrical top surface, and a roller moving slot with a symmetrical top surface. The roller moving slot gradually recesses downward from the front end to the rear end, and its width dimension is completely consistent with the size of the steel roller of the model box. When the steel roller moves to the rear end of the roller moving slot, it can be completely embedded in the slot and make the bottom plate of the model box completely fit with the top of the feed plate. The feed base plate is also provided with a feed base protrusion with a serrated front end and a feed base groove, and the feed angle plate is also provided with a feed angle protrusion with a serrated front end and a feed angle groove.

[0010] Preferably, the stabilization plate includes a bottom stabilization base plate and stackable stabilization and heightening plates on top. Both the stabilization base plate and the stabilization and heightening plates have fan-shaped side structures, and each stabilization base plate and stabilization and heightening plate can increase the slope angle by 5°. Both the stabilization base plate and the stabilization and heightening plates are provided with symmetrical stabilization plate blocks on the bottom and symmetrical stabilization plate slots on the top. The stabilization base plate is also provided with a serrated stabilization base insertion block and a stabilization base slot at the front end, and the stabilization and heightening plates are also provided with a serrated stabilization and heightening insertion block and a stabilization and heightening slot at the front end. The width of each stabilization base slot and the width of each stabilization and heightening slot are the same as the width of the front pivot. The width and length of the stabilization plate are both greater than the width and height of the model box, and its top can completely cover the front end plate of the model box.

[0011] Preferably, the movable reaction frame includes a reaction base, a reaction moving plate, a reaction fixing frame, a support column, a first pusher, and a second pusher. Both the first and second pushers are jack devices and are controlled by different motors. The first pusher is located at the center of the reaction base and has a larger power and size. The second pushers are arranged in layers on the reaction moving plate, with two pushers on each layer, and have relatively smaller power and size. The bottom of the reaction moving plate is provided with moving feet that match the base plate's propulsion track. It moves between the reaction base and the reaction fixing frame via the support column. The thrust of the first and second pushers can push the propulsion plate forward.

[0012] Preferably, the propulsion pads are arranged in layers, including a bottom pad, several middle pads, and a top pad. The side of the propulsion pads near the second pusher is a flat structure, and the side near the propulsion plate is an arc-shaped structure, which is stacked and fitted into the rear end of the propulsion plate. The bottom of the bottom pad is provided with a pad moving block that slides and matches the propulsion moving track. The bottom pad and each middle pad are symmetrically provided with two cylindrical pad locking blocks at the top. Each middle pad and the top pad are symmetrically provided with two cylindrical pad locking slots at the bottom. The pad locking blocks and pad locking slots of adjacent propulsion pads are the same size. The width of the propulsion pads is the same as the width of the propulsion plate. Each layer of propulsion pads is controlled with a 10° slope angle, and the number is adjusted according to the slope angle required for the test.

[0013] Preferably, the solar-rainwater steel support includes a lower steel support and an upper steel support. The upper steel support can be moved up and down within the lower steel support by a motor to adjust its height. A first crossbeam is fixedly installed at the top of the upper steel support, and a second crossbeam is installed below the first crossbeam. Several daylight lamps are installed on the first crossbeam, and water spray holes are provided. The first crossbeam has an internal hollow structure and is connected to the water inlet of the crossbeam of the upper steel support. The number of solar-rainwater steel supports, the horizontal distance between them, and the height difference between adjacent supports can be adjusted according to the test slope angle, engineering environment, and ecological vegetation conditions.

[0014] The test method for a variable-angle gravel slope model includes the following steps: A permeable step box and a counterweight step box are placed in a horizontal position within the model box; model materials are filled in layers and monitoring equipment is installed; a protective net is laid flat and fixed to the hanging net ring; according to the test slope angle, a corresponding number of angle-increasing plates, stabilizing and height-increasing plates, and advancement pads are installed; the advancement plates are gradually pushed by the first and second pushers of the moving reaction frame, raising the model box and forming a stable support with the stabilizing plate; water is injected into the counterweight step box through the counterweight inlet hole to simulate soil pressure; the illumination intensity of the sunlight and rainwater steel support and the water spray volume of the sprinkler holes are adjusted; after the slope model stabilizes, the test is carried out, and monitoring data is recorded simultaneously, while slope deformation is observed through the transparent side panel of the model box; after the test, the model box is reset, and the model materials, plant roots, and water in the counterweight step box are cleaned.

[0015] This invention provides a test apparatus and method for a model of a gravel slope with a variable slope angle, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The variable slope angle crushed stone slope model test device provided by the present invention pushes the model box to the front end through the push plate, so that the bottom of the model box is fully in contact with the push plate. While adjusting the slope angle, it can overcome the problem of instability of the test box caused by adjusting the slope angle using a single-point support method such as a hydraulic tilt adjustment device, and avoid accidents. 2. The variable slope angle gravel slope model test device provided by the present invention can further ensure the stability and safety of the model box during the model test by installing a stabilizing plate at the front end of the model box; 3. The variable slope angle gravel slope model test device provided by the present invention can reduce the overall weight of the model box during the model test by installing a hollow permeable step box and a counterweight step box inside the model box; the step shape of the permeable step box and the counterweight step box can serve as a height benchmark when the model material is filled in layers, enhance the stability between the bottom material of the slope and the model box in the slope model with an inclination angle, and prevent the slope from overturning forward during the raising process; the setting of the permeable step box and the counterweight step box has been taken to avoid the location of the slope sliding failure surface, and will not affect the model test results, thereby helping to save the amount of model material used; 4. The variable slope angle crushed stone slope model test device provided by the present invention has a ballast step box that can further help simulate the earth pressure on the back of the engineering slope. The water-proof plate inside the ballast step box helps to apply earth pressure in layers and effectively avoids excessive accumulation of water at the bottom of the box during the water injection process. 5. The variable slope angle gravel slope model test device provided by the present invention has a model box side plate made of transparent acrylic sheet material, which facilitates the recording of slope deformation during the test; and facilitates the observation of plant root growth after planting. 6. The variable slope angle crushed stone slope model test device provided by the present invention has a roller moving groove that is gradually concave from the front end to the rear end, which facilitates the steel roller to enter the roller moving groove and finally embed itself in the roller moving groove, so that the bottom plate of the model box is completely in contact with the top of the push plate, ensuring the stability of the model box and the safety of the test. 7. The variable slope angle gravel slope model test device provided by the present invention accurately simulates the downward migration of water in the slope under rainfall conditions by setting up seepage holes in the bottom plate, water collection layer in the bottom plate, water outlet holes in the bottom plate and permeable step box, thus avoiding root rot of plants. 8. The variable slope angle gravel slope model test device provided by the present invention uses multiple sunlight and rainwater steel supports with different height differences and different spacings to help simulate different lighting and rainfall test conditions. 9. The variable slope angle crushed stone slope model test method provided by the present invention fills the model material in the flat state of the model box, which overcomes the inaccuracy of the traditional layered filling of materials in the sloping state. After filling, the slope angle of the model box is changed to simulate the crushed stone rolling and slope failure in the natural state, and overcomes the neglect of the natural rolling state of crushed stone when filling materials in the sloping state. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the model box, permeable step box, and ballast step box of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 4 This is an anatomical diagram of the model box of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front rotating shaft of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed rotating collar of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable stepped tank of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the permeable stepped tank of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the counterweight step box of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the counterweight step box of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the substrate plate of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the angle-increasing plate of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stabilizing substrate of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the height-increasing and stabilizing plate of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable reaction frame of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the propulsion pad of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar and rainwater steel support frame of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the setup for Example 1 of the test method of the present invention; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the setup for Example 2 of the test method of the present invention; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the setup for Example 3 of the test method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] like Figure 1As shown, a variable slope angle gravel slope model test device includes a base plate 1, a model box 2, a permeable step box 3, a counterweight step box 4, a propulsion plate 5, a stabilizing plate 6, a movable reaction frame 7, a propulsion pad 8, and a solar and rainwater steel support 9. The model box 2 is rotatably connected to a fixed rotating ring 13 on the base plate 1 via a front rotating shaft 25 at its lower front end. The propulsion plate 5 is located below the model box 2 and can drive the model box 2 to rise and adjust the slope angle around the front rotating shaft 25. The stabilizing plate 6 is located in front of the model box 2 to form auxiliary support. The permeable step box 3 and the counterweight step box 4 are movably installed. Inside the model box 2, at the front and rear ends, the movable reaction frame 7 pushes the propulsion plate 5 to move via the propulsion pad 8. The sunlight and rainwater steel bracket 9 is installed on the base plate 1 to simulate the lighting and rainfall environment. The device is suitable for slope model tests of granular materials such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, and specific engineering fillers. During the test, the steel roller 261 at the rear end of the model box 2 can move along the roller moving groove 53 on the propulsion plate 5. Water is injected through the ballast water inlet 45 of the ballast step box 4 to simulate the soil pressure behind the slope. The sunlight lamp 931 and the water spray hole 941 of the sunlight and rainwater steel bracket 9 can respectively simulate lighting and rainfall. The arc-shaped rear roller groove 28 is opened on both sides of the bottom rear end of the model box. The rear roller includes two circular steel rollers 261 and a roller shaft 262 between the steel rollers. The steel rollers 261 rotate around the roller shaft 262. A roller hole 281 matching the size of the roller shaft is opened between the two rear roller grooves 28 at the bottom rear end of the model box. The model box is lifted around the front pivot by a propulsion plate, and the slope angle can be flexibly adjusted by moving the steel rollers along the roller movement groove, avoiding the risk of torsional deformation of single-point support and providing better support stability. At the same time, it integrates a permeable step box, a counterweight step box and a solar and rainwater steel support, which can simultaneously simulate the soil pressure, sunlight and rainfall environment behind the slope, covering the actual stress and natural environmental conditions of the slope, improving the authenticity of the initial test conditions. It has a high degree of functional integration, requires no additional auxiliary devices, and is suitable for slope model tests of various granular materials, with a wide range of applications.

[0018] Preferred, such as Figure 2-6As shown, the model box 2 is a hollow cube structure with an open top. The side panels 22 on both sides are made of high-strength transparent acrylic sheet. The bottom plate 21 of the model box is made of high-strength steel, with a hollow bottom plate water collection layer 212 in the middle. High-density small-diameter circular bottom plate seepage holes 211 are opened above the bottom plate water collection layer 212. A circular bottom plate water outlet hole 213 communicating with the bottom plate water collection layer 212 is opened near the front pivot 25 of the model box bottom plate. Multiple hanging net rings 27 are fixedly installed on the top of the model box 2. A circular rear water inlet hole 241 is opened near the middle of the upper end face of the rear plate 24. The front pivot 25 includes cylindrical pivot heads 252 with protrusions on both sides and a cylindrical pivot body 251 in the middle. The outer dimensions of the pivot heads 252 match the internal dimensions of the fixed pivot ring 13, and the outer dimensions of the pivot body 251 match the outer dimensions of the fixed pivot ring 13. The side panels of the model box are made of high-strength transparent acrylic sheets, which facilitates real-time observation of slope deformation and plant root growth, solving the problem of obstruction in traditional model box observations. The water collection layer, high-density seepage holes and water outlet holes of the bottom plate form a complete drainage channel, which can accurately simulate the migration of slope water after rainfall and avoid water accumulation affecting the experiment. The top hanging net ring facilitates the fixing of the protective net, and the rear water inlet provides convenience for ballast water injection. The cubic hollow structure takes into account both the convenience of filling and structural stability. The material combination of the side plates and the bottom plate balances the observation requirements, structural strength and economic applicability.

[0019] Preferred, such as Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the permeable step box 3 is a hollow, stepped box structure, including a permeable step side plate 32, a permeable step back plate 33, a permeable step bottom plate 34, and a stepped permeable step 31. High-density, small-diameter circular permeable holes 35, which are internally connected, are provided on the permeable step back plate 33, the permeable step bottom plate 34, and the permeable step 31. The permeable step holes 35 are the same size as and connected to the bottom plate seepage holes 211 of the model box bottom plate 21. The hollow stepped structure of the permeable step box reduces its own weight and serves as a height benchmark for layered material filling, enhancing the fit between the bottom material of the slope and the model box, and preventing slope overturning during slope angle adjustment. The permeable holes on its back plate, bottom plate, and steps are the same size as and connected to the seepage holes on the bottom plate of the model box, ensuring a continuous water infiltration path, accurately simulating the permeability characteristics of the bottom layer of the slope, and the structural design avoids the slope slippage failure surface, saving material usage without interfering with the test results.

[0020] Preferred, such as Figure 9 , 10As shown, the ballast step box 4 is a hollow stepped box structure, including a ballast step side plate 42, a ballast step back plate 43, a ballast step bottom plate 44, and a stepped ballast step 41. The ballast step back plate 43 has a circular ballast water inlet hole 45 near the middle of its upper end face. The ballast water inlet hole 45 is in the same position and size as the rear end water inlet hole 241 of the model box 2. Inside the ballast step box 4, there is a partition 46 under each step. The partition 46 is connected to the ballast step bottom plate 44. The partition 46 has a circular partition water hole 461 near the middle of its upper end face. The ballast water inlet hole 45 and the partition water hole 461 are both adjacent to the lower end face of each ballast step 41. The ballast stepped box simulates the earth pressure behind the slope by injecting water through the water inlet. The internal layered partitions and water holes of the partitions prevent water accumulation and allow for the application of earth pressure in layers, which conforms to the stress gradient of the actual slope. The ballast water inlet is in the same position and size as the water inlet at the rear of the model box, ensuring smooth water injection and convenient installation and disassembly. The hollow stepped structure reduces the overall load of the model box and enhances the interlocking with the filling material through the step shape, further improving the stability of the model box after the slope angle is adjusted.

[0021] Preferred, such as Figure 11 , 12 As shown, the feed plate 5 includes a bottom feed base plate 51 and a feed angle increasing plate 52 that can be stacked on top. The sides of both the feed base plate 51 and the feed angle increasing plate 52 are fan-shaped structures, and each feed base plate 51 and feed angle increasing plate 52 can increase the slope angle by 5°. Both the feed base plate 51 and the feed angle increasing plate 52 are provided with a feed plate blocking block 55 with a symmetrical bottom surface, a feed plate blocking groove 54 with a symmetrical top surface, and a roller moving groove 53 with a symmetrical top surface. The front end of the roller moving groove 53 is... The rear end gradually dips downwards, and its width is exactly the same as the size of the steel roller 261 of the model box 2. When the steel roller 261 moves to the last end of the roller moving groove 53, it can be completely embedded in the groove and make the bottom plate 21 of the model box completely fit with the top of the push plate 5. The push base plate 51 is also provided with a push base protrusion 511 with a serrated front end and a push base groove 512. The push angle increasing plate 52 is also provided with a push angle increasing protrusion 521 with a serrated front end and a push angle increasing groove 522. The propulsion plate consists of a propulsion base plate and stackable propulsion angle-increasing plates. The fan-shaped structure design allows a single plate to precisely increase the slope angle by 5°. Through stacking and combination, multiple slope angle adjustments can be achieved to meet different test slope requirements. The locking blocks and slots of the propulsion plate ensure uniform force distribution after stacking, preventing displacement or loosening. The roller moving groove gradually recesses from the front end to the rear end, allowing the steel roller to be fully embedded in the groove, achieving a tight fit between the model box bottom plate and the propulsion plate, maximizing the support contact area, and improving test safety. The serrated protrusions and grooves facilitate precise docking and ensure the accuracy of slope angle adjustment.

[0022] Preferred, such as Figure 13 , 14As shown, the stabilization plate 6 includes a bottom stabilization base plate 61 and an upper stabilization elevation plate 62 that can be stacked and added. The sides of both the stabilization base plate 61 and the stabilization elevation plate 62 are fan-shaped, and the slope angle that can be increased by each stabilization base plate 61 and the stabilization elevation plate 62 is 5°. Both the stabilization base plate 61 and the stabilization elevation plate 62 are provided with symmetrical stabilization plate blocks 64 on the bottom surface and symmetrical stabilization plate slots 63 on the top surface. The stabilization base plate 61 is also provided with a stabilization base insertion block 611 and a stabilization base slot 612 with a serrated front end. The stabilization elevation plate 62 is also provided with a stabilization elevation insertion block 621 and a stabilization elevation slot 622 with a serrated front end. The width of each stabilization base slot 612 and the stabilization elevation slot 622 is the same as the width of the front pivot 25. The width and length of the stabilization plate 6 are both greater than the width and height of the model box 2, and its top can completely cover the front end plate 23 of the model box. The stabilizing plate is wider and longer than the model box, and its top can completely cover the front plate of the model box, forming all-round auxiliary support and significantly reducing the risk of tipping over during slope adjustment and testing. The stabilizing base plate and the heightening plate have a fan-shaped structure, and each piece can match a 5° slope increment, which is synchronized with the adjustment gear of the push plate to ensure precise matching of support and slope. The design of the card blocks and slots, and the serrated inserts and slots enables rapid stacking and precise positioning. The slot size matches the front pivot, ensuring support stability. The high-strength material and full-coverage design protect the front of the model box and improve the overall durability of the device.

[0023] Preferred, such as Figure 15 As shown, the movable reaction frame 7 includes a reaction base 71, a reaction moving plate 72, a reaction fixing frame 73, a support column 74, a first pusher 75, and a second pusher 76. Both the first pusher 75 and the second pusher 76 are jack devices and are controlled by different motors. The first pusher 75 is located at the center of the reaction base 71 and has a larger power and size. The second pusher 76 is arranged in layers on the reaction moving plate 72, with two pushers on each layer, and has a relatively smaller power and size. The bottom of the reaction moving plate 72 is provided with a moving foot that matches the propulsion moving track 11 of the base plate 1. It moves between the reaction base 71 and the reaction fixing frame 73 through the support column 74. The thrust of the first pusher 75 and the second pusher 76 can realize the forward push of the propulsion plate 5. The mobile reaction frame adopts a dual-pusher design. The first pusher is located in the center and has greater power, responsible for overall propulsion. The second pusher is arranged in layers and has less power, responsible for fine adjustment. Together with independent motor control, it can achieve graded control of thrust and smooth and controllable slope angle adjustment. The bottom moving feet of the reaction moving plate match the propulsion track of the base plate, which can flexibly adjust the pushing position to adapt to different slope angle adjustment requirements. The support column connects the reaction base and the fixed frame to form a stable force-bearing frame, avoids deformation of the reaction frame during the pushing process, and ensures thrust transmission efficiency and test safety.

[0024] Preferred, such as Figure 16As shown, the propulsion pads 8 are arranged in layers, including a bottom pad 81, several middle pads 82, and a top pad 83. The side of the propulsion pads 8 closest to the second pusher 76 is flat, while the side closest to the propulsion plate 5 is arc-shaped and, after stacking, fits into the rear end of the propulsion plate 5. The bottom of the bottom pad 81 has a pad moving block 84 that slides and matches the propulsion moving track 11. The bottom pad 81 and each middle pad 82 have two cylindrical pad locking blocks 85 symmetrically arranged on their upper parts. Each middle pad 82 and the top pad 83 have two cylindrical pad slots 86 symmetrically arranged on their bottom parts. The pad locking blocks 85 and pad slots 86 of adjacent propulsion pads 8 have the same dimensions. The width of the propulsion pads 8 is the same as the width of the propulsion plate 5. Each layer of propulsion pads 8 is controlled at a 10° slope angle, and the number is adjusted according to the slope angle required for the test. The number of layers of propulsion pads 8 is the same as the number of layers of the second pusher 76. The propulsion pads are layered, with each layer allowing for a 10° slope angle control. This complements the adjustment settings of the propulsion plate and stabilizing plate, and through stacking, they can precisely match the required slope angle for the test, improving adjustment accuracy. The arc-shaped structure on the side closest to the propulsion plate fits tightly into the rear end of the propulsion plate after stacking, ensuring uniform thrust transmission and preventing deformation of the propulsion plate due to localized stress. The locking blocks and slots work together to enable quick splicing of the layered pads. The bottom pad's moving block matches the propulsion movement track, facilitating position adjustment and operation. Furthermore, the pad width matches the propulsion plate, and the number of layers corresponds to the layering of the second pusher, ensuring that the thrust fully covers the propulsion plate and guaranteeing the stability of the slope angle adjustment.

[0025] Preferred, such as Figure 17 As shown, the solar-rainwater steel support 9 includes a lower steel support 91 and an upper steel support 92. The upper steel support 92 can be moved up and down within the lower steel support 91 by a motor to adjust its height. A first crossbeam 93 is fixedly installed at the top of the upper steel support 92, and a second crossbeam 94 is installed below the first crossbeam 93. Several daylight lamps 931 are installed on the first crossbeam 93, and water spray holes 941 are opened on it. The first crossbeam 93 has an internal hollow structure and is connected to the water inlet 942 of the crossbeam of the upper steel support 92. The number, horizontal distance interval, and height difference between adjacent supports of the solar-rainwater steel support 9 can be adjusted according to the test slope angle, engineering environment, and ecological vegetation conditions. The solar and rainwater steel support system uses a motor to control the up-and-down movement of the upper steel support, allowing for flexible height adjustment. The intensity of the solar lamps and the water spray volume can be independently controlled. The number of supports, the horizontal spacing, and the height difference between adjacent supports can be adjusted according to the slope angle, engineering environment, and plant conditions, adapting to various experimental scenarios. The hollow structure of the first crossbeam connects to the water inlet, ensuring uniform water spraying. The solar lamps and water spray holes are arranged in layers to enhance the realism of the environmental simulation. The steel support material ensures structural strength and can withstand the long-term wear and tear from sunlight and water spraying, balancing adaptability and durability.

[0026] The variable-angle gravel slope model test method includes the following steps: A permeable step box 3 and a counterweight step box 4 are placed in a horizontal state in the model box 2. Model materials are filled in layers and monitoring equipment is installed. A protective net E1 is laid flat and fixed to the hanging net ring 27. According to the test slope angle, a corresponding number of angle-increasing plates 52, stabilizing and height-increasing plates 62, and advancing pads 8 are installed. The advancing plates 5 are gradually pushed by the first pusher 75 and the second pusher 76 of the moving reaction frame 7, raising the model box 2 and forming a stable support with the stabilizing plate 6. Water is injected into the counterweight step box 4 through the counterweight water inlet 45 to simulate soil pressure. The light intensity of the solar lamp 931 and the water spray volume of the sprinkler hole 941 of the solar and rainwater steel support 9 are adjusted. After the slope model stabilizes, the test is carried out, and monitoring data is recorded simultaneously. Slope deformation is observed through the transparent model box side plate 22. After the test, the model box 2 is reset, and the model materials, plant roots, and water in the counterweight step box 4 are cleaned. The experimental method involves filling the model box with materials in a horizontal state, which can realistically simulate the rolling, reorganization, and natural stabilization of gravel during the formation of a natural slope. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional inclined filling, which ignores the natural accumulation characteristics, and improves the reliability of the test results. The steps are clear and standardized, forming a complete process from device setup, slope angle adjustment, environmental simulation to data recording and device reset, which facilitates standardized operation and reduces test errors. Combined with the intuitive observation of the transparent side plate and the data recording of the monitoring equipment, it can realize the simultaneous collection of multi-dimensional information such as slope deformation and stress. After the test, the model box can be reset and the materials can be cleaned up easily. The device can be reused, reducing the test cost.

[0027] In the early stages of the experiment, the propulsion plate and stabilization plate were not installed. The first and second pushers were retracted to their initial retracted state, and all the solar and rainwater steel supports were raised to their maximum height. The model box was in a horizontal state, and a wooden board with a height sufficient to fully support the model box could be placed between the base plate and the model box. With the model box in a horizontal state, the permeable step box and the counterweight step box were placed respectively. According to the model test design, the slope model material was filled in layers according to the height of each step. Generally, the bottom of the model box was filled with dense and intact E2 bottom layer soil and rock material, and then the E3 top layer of crushed stone was filled on top of it, which was gradually broken upwards. The material inside the model box gradually broke and became incomplete from the bottom to the top, which was due to the change in rock mass structure caused by weathering. During the filling of the model material, pressure boxes, moisture monitoring boxes, optical fibers and other monitoring equipment were installed at each layer. An E1 protective net was laid flat on the top of the model box and fixed to the hanging net ring.

[0028] Place the propulsion base plate on the propulsion moving track, ensuring the front end of the base plate abuts against the rear roller of the model box. Determine the model slope angle according to the experimental design, and install a corresponding number of propulsion angle-increasing plates above the propulsion base plate, and a corresponding number of propulsion pads behind the propulsion plate. Place the stabilizing base plate in the stabilizing slot, and install a corresponding number of stabilizing height-increasing plates above it. Turn on the motor controlling the first pusher, and control the first pusher to move the reaction force moving plate forward, removing the support template at the bottom of the model box. When the top of the second pusher contacts the propulsion pad, stop the reaction force moving plate from moving forward. Continue turning on the control motor of the first pusher, pushing the propulsion plate into the bottom of the model box, causing the rear roller to move within the roller moving slot until the reaction force moving plate contacts the reaction force fixing frame, then maintain the extended position of the first pusher. Turn on the control motor of the second pusher, causing the propulsion plate to continue moving forward until it is completely pushed into the model. At the bottom of the box, the steel rollers are fully embedded in the roller movement grooves, and the front plate of the model box contacts the top surface of the stabilizing plate, maintaining the extended position of the second pusher. According to the test conditions, a certain weight of water is injected into the ballast step box from the rear water inlet and the ballast water inlet of the model box. The slope model may begin to experience rockfall and deformation; wait for the slope model to return to a stable state. Adjust the height of the solar and rainwater steel supports covering the model box and the height difference between each support. Adjust the illumination intensity of the solar lamps and the water output of the spray holes according to the test conditions. Begin the relevant model test and simultaneously record and analyze the data of each monitoring instrument. Observe the slope deformation through the transparent acrylic plate. After the test, raise the height of each solar and rainwater steel support and adjust the motors of the first and second pushers respectively to move the pusher plate gradually to the rear end, finally making the model box horizontal. Remove the model materials inside the model box and the water in the ballast step box to end the model test.

[0029] When filling the model material, plant seeds are sown in the top model material; after the model box is tilted and stabilized, appropriate slope protection methods can be applied, such as applying anchor bolts inward on the slope surface and spraying bio-concrete on the protective net; subsequently, slope deformation and plant root growth can be observed through transparent acrylic panels.

[0030] like Figure 18As shown, this application also provides an implementation method 1 for a variable slope angle gravel slope model test device: In the early stage of the test, before the push plate and stabilization plate are installed, the first pusher and the second pusher are both retracted to the initial retracted state, and all the sunlight and rainwater steel supports are raised to the highest height. The model box is in a horizontal state, and a wooden board E5 with a height sufficient to fully support the model box can be placed between the base plate and the model box; in the horizontal state of the model box, a permeable step box and a counterweight step box are placed respectively; according to the model test design, the slope model material is filled in layers according to the height of each step. Generally, the bottom of the model box is filled with dense and complete E2 bottom layer soil and rock material, and then the E3 top layer gravel is filled on top of it with layers that are broken upwards; the material in the model box is gradually broken and incomplete from bottom to top, which is due to the change of rock mass structure caused by weathering; when the model material is filled, pressure boxes, moisture monitoring boxes, optical fibers and other monitoring equipment are installed at each layer; E1 protective net is laid flat on the top of the model box and the protective net E1 is fixed on the hanging net ring.

[0031] like Figure 19As shown, this application also provides an implementation method 2 for a variable slope angle gravel slope model test device: The propulsion base plate is placed on the propulsion moving track, with the front end of the propulsion base plate abutting against the rear roller of the model box; the model slope angle is determined according to the test design scheme, and a corresponding number of propulsion angle-increasing plates are installed above the propulsion base plate, and a corresponding number of propulsion pads are installed behind the propulsion plate; a stabilizing base plate is placed in the stabilizing slot, and a corresponding number of stabilizing height-increasing plates are installed above it; the motor controlling the first pusher is turned on, controlling the first pusher to push the reaction force moving plate forward, removing the support template at the bottom of the model box, and stopping the reaction force moving plate from moving forward when the top of the second pusher contacts the propulsion pad; the control motor of the first pusher is turned on again, pushing the propulsion plate into the bottom of the model box, causing the rear roller to move in the roller moving slot until the reaction force moving plate contacts the reaction force fixing frame, and then the first pusher is kept in the extended position; the control motor of the second pusher is turned on, causing the propulsion plate to continue moving forward. Proceed forward until the push plate is fully pushed into the bottom of the model box, the steel rollers are fully embedded in the roller movement grooves, and the front plate of the model box contacts the top surface of the stabilizing plate, maintaining the extended position of the second pusher; according to the test conditions, inject a certain weight of water into the ballast step box from the rear water inlet and the ballast water inlet of the model box; the slope model may begin to experience rockfall and deformation, wait for the slope model to return to a stable state; adjust the height of the solar and rainwater steel supports covering the model box and the height difference between each support, and adjust the illumination intensity of the solar lamps and the water output of the spray holes according to the test conditions; begin the relevant model test, and simultaneously record and analyze the data of each monitoring instrument, observing the slope deformation through the transparent acrylic plate; after the test, raise the height of each solar and rainwater steel support, and adjust the control motors of the first and second pushers respectively, so that the push plate gradually moves to the rear end, finally making the model box horizontal; remove the model materials inside the model box and the water in the ballast step box, and end the model test.

[0032] like Figure 20As shown, this application also provides an implementation method 3 for a variable slope angle gravel slope model test device: When filling the model material, plant seeds are sown in the top model material; after all model material is filled and netting is installed, the propulsion base plate is placed on the propulsion moving track, with the front end of the propulsion base plate abutting against the rear roller of the model box; the model slope angle is determined according to the test design scheme, and a corresponding number of propulsion angle-increasing plates are installed above the propulsion base plate, and a corresponding number of propulsion pads are installed behind the propulsion plate; a stabilizing base plate is placed in the stabilizing slot, and a stabilizing base plate is placed above it. Install the appropriate number of stabilizing and height-increasing plates; turn on the motor controlling the first pusher to move the reaction force moving plate forward, remove the support template at the bottom of the model box, and stop the reaction force moving plate from moving forward when the top of the second pusher contacts the propulsion pad; turn on the control motor of the first pusher again to push the propulsion plate into the bottom of the model box, so that the rear roller moves in the roller moving groove until the reaction force moving plate contacts the reaction force fixing frame, and then keep the first pusher in the extended position; turn on the control motor of the second pusher to make the propulsion plate continue to move forward. Continue pushing the pusher plate until it is fully inserted into the bottom of the model box, the steel rollers are fully embedded in the roller movement grooves, and the front plate of the model box contacts the top surface of the stabilizing plate, maintaining the extended position of the second pusher; according to the test conditions, inject a certain weight of water into the ballast step box from the rear water inlet and the ballast water inlet of the model box; the slope model may begin to experience rockfall and deformation, wait for the slope model to return to a stable state; apply appropriate slope protection methods, such as adding anchor bolts inward on the slope surface and spraying bio-concrete on the protective net; adjust the height of the sun and rain steel support covering the top of the model box. The height difference between each support and the intensity of the sunlight and the water output of the spray holes were adjusted according to the test conditions. The relevant model tests were then conducted, and data from each monitoring instrument were recorded and analyzed simultaneously. Slope deformation and root growth of plant E4 were observed through a transparent acrylic plate. After the test, the height of each sunlight and rainwater steel support was raised, and the motors of the first and second pushers were adjusted to gradually move the propulsion plate to the rear end, ultimately bringing the model box to a horizontal position. The model materials, plant roots, and water in the counterweight step box were removed from the model box, ending the model test. In the above embodiments, E1 is the protective net, E2 is the bottom layer of soil and rock, E3 is the top layer of gravel, E4 is the plant, and E5 is the supporting wooden board.

[0033] This invention abandons the traditional single-point support mode of slope model test devices. It utilizes a dual-support design of a propulsion plate and a stabilizing plate, combined with stacked propulsion angle-increasing plates, stabilizing height-increasing plates, and propulsion pads to achieve precise and flexible adjustment of the slope angle. Simultaneously, the fitting structure of steel rollers and roller movement grooves ensures stability and safety during the test process, effectively avoiding the risk of torsional deformation. The test method of filling model materials in a horizontal state realistically simulates the rolling of gravel and the natural stabilization state during the formation of a natural slope, improving the authenticity of the initial test conditions. Through internally hollow permeable step boxes and counterweight step boxes, it saves model material usage while also serving as a layer height scale. The permeable structure of the permeable step boxes, in conjunction with the model box drainage system, can accurately simulate water migration. The counterweight step boxes can simulate the soil pressure behind the slope through layered water injection, preventing water accumulation. The transparent side panels of the model box facilitate real-time observation of slope deformation and plant root growth. The sunlight and rainwater steel supports can be flexibly adjusted in height, spacing, and light and rainfall parameters to adapt to various test scenarios. Overall, it achieves a comprehensive improvement in support safety, the authenticity of initial conditions, economic applicability, and observation convenience.

[0034] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for a scree slope model with variable slope angle, characterized in that: The system includes a base plate (1), a model box (2), a permeable step box (3), a counterweight step box (4), a propulsion plate (5), a stabilizing plate (6), a mobile reaction frame (7), a propulsion pad (8), and a solar and rainwater steel support (9). The model box (2) is rotatably connected to the fixed rotating ring (13) on the base plate (1) via a front rotating shaft (25) below its front end. The propulsion plate (5) is located below the model box (2) and can drive the model box (2) to lift and adjust the slope angle around the front rotating shaft (25). The stabilizing plate (6) is located in front of the model box (2) to form auxiliary support. The permeable step box (3) and the counterweight step box (4) are connected to the base plate (1). The heavy step box (4) is installed at the front and rear ends inside the model box (2). The moving reaction frame (7) pushes the push plate (5) to move through the push pad (8). The sunlight and rainwater steel bracket (9) is installed on the base plate (1) to simulate the light and rain environment. During the test, the steel roller (261) at the rear end of the model box (2) can move along the roller moving groove (53) on the push plate (5). Water is injected through the ballast water inlet (45) of the ballast step box (4) to simulate the soil pressure behind the slope. The sunlight lamp (931) and the water spray hole (941) of the sunlight and rainwater steel bracket (9) can respectively realize the simulation of light and rain.

2. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box (2) is a cubic structure with a hollow interior and an open top. The side panels (22) of the model box on both sides are made of high-strength transparent acrylic sheet. The bottom plate (21) of the model box is made of high-strength steel material. A hollow bottom plate water collection layer (212) is opened in the middle. A high-density small-diameter circular bottom plate seepage hole (211) is opened above the bottom plate water collection layer (212). A circular bottom plate water outlet hole (213) communicating with the bottom plate water collection layer (212) is opened near the front pivot (25) of the bottom plate (21). Multiple hanging net rings (27) are fixedly installed on the top of the model box (2). A circular rear end water inlet hole (241) is opened near the middle of the upper end face of the rear end plate (24).

3. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The permeable step box (3) is a hollow stepped box structure, including a permeable step side plate (32), a permeable step back plate (33), a permeable step bottom plate (34), and a stepped permeable step (31). High-density small-diameter circular permeable step holes (35) that are connected to the interior are opened on the permeable step back plate (33), the permeable step bottom plate (34), and the permeable step (31). The permeable step holes (35) are the same size as the bottom plate seepage holes (211) of the model box bottom plate (21) and are connected.

4. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ballast step box (4) is a hollow stepped box structure, including a ballast step side plate (42), a ballast step back plate (43), a ballast step bottom plate (44), and a stepped ballast step (41). A circular ballast water inlet hole (45) is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the ballast step back plate (43). The ballast water inlet hole (45) is in the same position and size as the rear end water inlet hole (241) of the model box (2). A partition (46) is provided under each step inside the ballast step box (4). The partition (46) is connected to the ballast step bottom plate (44). A circular partition water hole (461) is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the partition (46). The ballast water inlet hole (45) and the partition water hole (461) are both adjacent to the lower end face of each ballast step (41).

5. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advance plate (5) includes a bottom advance base plate (51) and an upper advance angle plate (52) that can be stacked. The sides of both the advance base plate (51) and the advance angle plate (52) are fan-shaped. Both the advance base plate (51) and the advance angle plate (52) are provided with a bottom-symmetrical advance plate block (55), a top-symmetrical advance plate slot (54), and a top-symmetrical roller moving slot (53). The roller moving slot (53) gradually recesses downward from the front end to the rear end, and its width dimension is the same as that of the advance base plate (51) and the advance angle plate (52). The steel rollers (261) of the model box (2) are all the same size. When the steel rollers (261) move to the last end of the roller moving groove (53), they can be completely embedded in the groove and make the bottom plate (21) of the model box completely fit with the top of the push plate (5). The push base plate (51) is also provided with a push base protrusion (511) and a push base groove (512) with a serrated front end. The push angle plate (52) is also provided with a push angle protrusion (521) and a push angle groove (522) with a serrated front end.

6. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilization plate (6) includes a bottom stabilization base plate (61) and an upper stabilization extension plate (62) that can be stacked and added. The sides of both the stabilization base plate (61) and the stabilization extension plate (62) are fan-shaped. Both the stabilization base plate (61) and the stabilization extension plate (62) are provided with symmetrical stabilization plate clips (64) on the bottom surface and symmetrical stabilization plate slots (63) on the top surface. The stabilization base plate (61) is also provided with a stabilization base insertion block (61) with a serrated front end. 1) and the stabilizing base slot (612), the stabilizing height-increasing plate (62) is also provided with a serrated front end stabilizing height-increasing plug (621) and a stabilizing height-increasing slot (622), the width of each stabilizing base slot (612) and stabilizing height-increasing slot (622) is consistent with the width of the front end pivot (25); the width and length of the stabilizing plate (6) are both greater than the width and height of the model box (2), and its top can completely cover the front end plate (23) of the model box.

7. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable reaction frame (7) includes a reaction base (71), a reaction moving plate (72), a reaction fixing frame (73), a support column (74), a first pusher (75), and a second pusher (76). The first pusher (75) and the second pusher (76) are both jack devices and are controlled by different motors. The first pusher (75) is located at the center of the reaction base (71). The second pushers (76) are arranged in layers on the reaction moving plate (72), with two on each layer. The bottom of the reaction moving plate (72) is provided with moving feet that match the propulsion moving track (11) of the base plate (1). It moves between the reaction base (71) and the reaction fixing frame (73) through the support column (74). The first pusher (75) and the second pusher (76) push the propulsion plate (5) forward.

8. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propulsion pad (8) is arranged in layers, including a bottom pad (81), several middle pads (82) and a top pad (83). The side of the propulsion pad (8) near the second pusher (76) is a flat structure, and the side near the propulsion plate (5) is an arc structure and is stacked and fitted with the rear end of the propulsion plate (5). The bottom of the bottom pad (81) is provided with a pad moving block (84) that slides and matches the propulsion moving track (11). The bottom pad (81) and each middle pad (82) are symmetrically provided with two cylindrical pad clamping blocks (85) on the upper part. Each middle pad (82) and the top pad (83) are symmetrically provided with two cylindrical pad slots (86) at the bottom. The pad clamping blocks (85) and pad slots (86) of adjacent propulsion pads (8) are the same size.

9. The experimental device for a variable slope angle gravel slope model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar-rainwater steel support (9) includes a lower steel support (91) and an upper steel support (92). The upper steel support (92) can be moved up and down within the lower steel support (91) by a motor to adjust its height. A first crossbeam (93) is fixedly installed at the top of the upper steel support (92). A second crossbeam (94) is installed below the first crossbeam (93). Several daylight lamps (931) are installed on the first crossbeam (93), and water spray holes (941) are opened. The first crossbeam (93) has an internal hollow structure and is connected to the crossbeam inlet (942) of the upper steel support (92). The number of solar-rainwater steel supports (9), the horizontal distance interval, and the height difference between adjacent supports can be adjusted according to the test slope angle, engineering environment, and ecological plant conditions.

10. A test method for a variable slope angle gravel slope model based on the device described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Place the permeable step box (3) and the counterweight step box (4) in the model box (2) in a horizontal state, fill the model material in layers and set up the monitoring equipment, lay the protective net (E1) and fix it to the hanging net ring (27); install the corresponding number of propulsion angle increasing plates (52), stabilizing height increasing plates (62) and propulsion pads (8) according to the test slope angle; gradually push the propulsion plate (5) through the first pusher (75) and the second pusher (76) of the moving reaction frame (7) to raise the model box (2) and The stabilizer plate (6) forms a stable support; water is injected into the ballast step box (4) through the ballast water inlet hole (45) to simulate soil pressure, and the light intensity of the sun lamp (931) and the water spray volume of the water spray hole (941) of the sun and rain steel support (9) are adjusted; after the slope model is stabilized, the test is carried out, the monitoring data is recorded at the same time, and the slope deformation is observed through the transparent model box side plate (22); after the test, the model box (2) is reset, and the model materials, plant roots and water in the ballast step box (4) are cleaned.

Images