Cultivation method suitable for ledum palustre in high and cold environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method suitable for ledum palustre in a high and cold environment. The cultivation method comprises the following cultivation steps that seed sources are screened and collected; carrying out stress resistance treatment on the seeds; performing quality optimization configuration; three-stage stress-resistant domestication seedling raising; performing frozen soil isolation planting; dynamic environment monitoring; and overwintering management. According to the application, gibberellin physiological activation and program-controlled gradient freezing processes are adopted to induce cold-resistant protein (LEA protein) expression, so that the seed germination rate is increased from 38% to 86%, an antioxidant enzyme system in the seeds is activated by low-temperature stress, the SOD activity is increased by 2.1 times, the malondialdehyde content is reduced by 62%, and the cell membrane stability is remarkably enhanced; a temperature gradient decreasing and short-day stress seedling raising system is constructed, radicle germination and cotyledon expansion are promoted, the activity of a photosynthetic assimilation key enzyme Rubisco is stimulated to be improved by 40%, the chlorophyll a / b ratio is optimized to 3.2, the proline accumulation amount reaches 180% of that of wild seedlings, the soluble sugar content is improved by 90%, and a low-temperature resistance physiological basis is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of cold-region plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments. Background Technology

[0002] Rhododendron is an evergreen shrub belonging to the Ericaceae family. Its branches and leaves contain active substances such as myrtol (0.8%-1.7%) and terpineol, making it valuable in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries. The Greater Khingan Mountains region has abundant wild Rhododendron resources (estimated at approximately 2 million tons), but large-scale cultivation faces three major technical bottlenecks: Low seed germination rate: The germination rate of conventional container seedling cultivation is only 35%-40% (DB2327 / T 105-2025). This is because the seeds are small (thousand-seed weight 0.05g) and require low-temperature stratification, making it difficult to break dormancy in cold environments. Poor overwintering survival rate: Extreme low temperature of -30℃ causes root damage. Traditional soil covering for cold protection (15cm thick layer of pine needles and moss) cannot prevent the permafrost layer from seeping down. The root zone temperature drops to -15℃, and the seedling mortality rate is >50%. Growth regulation lag: Sudden environmental changes in high-altitude and cold regions (such as flooding during snowmelt and early frost damage) lack real-time response mechanisms, and manual monitoring is delayed by more than 2 hours.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as the "Technical Regulations for Container Sowing and Seedling Raising of Rhododendron simsii," have standardized the sowing process, but they have significant shortcomings: they rely on natural climate to break seed dormancy, their cold-proof structures have insufficient heat insulation performance, and they lack automated environmental control devices. Furthermore, the development and utilization of Rhododendron simsii resources in the Greater Khingan Mountains region has long relied on wild harvesting, lacking a superior breeding system, resulting in unstable content of active ingredients (the average content of myrtleene aldehyde in wild species is only 0.8%), which restricts the development of the industry chain.

[0004] Therefore, a cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the aforementioned technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, including the following cultivation steps: 1) Seed source screening and collection: In the cold temperate coniferous forest area of ​​the Greater Khingan Mountains at an altitude of ≥800m, select mother plants of Rhododendron simsii that are 5 years old and free from diseases and pests, and collect the fruits from late August to mid-September when the capsules turn from green to yellow. Seed stress resistance treatment: The capsules were dried in the shade and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pure seeds. The seeds were soaked in a mixture of 0.1% gibberellin and 5°C ice water for 24 hours, and then placed in a programmable freezer to perform a gradient cooling program. 3) Quality optimization configuration: Mix larch forest soil, decomposed pine needles and peat soil in a volume ratio of 3:2:1, and add 0.1% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; 4) Three-stage stress-resistant acclimatization seedling raising: Stage 1: Sow in greenhouse with daytime temperature of 20±2℃ / nighttime temperature of 8±1℃, humidity of 80%, and cover with a shading net with 75% light transmittance. During Phase Two, the temperature will be reduced by 2°C every 5 days until the daytime temperature is 10°C and the nighttime temperature is 0°C. The shade net will be removed and UV-B irradiation will be carried out for 1 hour daily. During the third stage, the animals were moved to an outdoor acclimatization shed, with a temperature cycle of -5℃→5℃→-2℃ and daily light exposure of ≤6 hours. 5) Frozen soil isolation planting: On a sunny slope with a slope of ≤15°, dig a 40×40×40cm planting hole, lay a 10cm gravel layer at the bottom, fill a 20cm mixed substrate in the middle, and cover the surface with a 5cm moss layer mixed with 10% phase change microcapsules. The phase change microcapsules are composed of a paraffin core and a silica shell, with a phase change point of -5℃. 6) Dynamic environmental monitoring: PT1000 root temperature sensors are installed for every 10 plants, and FDR soil moisture sensors are installed for every 20 plants. Data is transmitted to the cloud platform via LoRa modules. When the root temperature is <-3℃, the carbon fiber heating wire is activated, and it is turned off when the temperature reaches -1℃. When the soil moisture content is >45%, the drainage pump is activated until the moisture content drops to 35%. 7) Overwintering management: Spray 0.2% azoxystrobin suspension before October 20th each year, cover with a double-layer structure, and activate the 20Hz vibration snow removal device when the snow thickness is >20cm.

[0007] In addition, the cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii in cold environments proposed in this application may also have the following additional technical features: As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 2), the cooling process involves reducing the temperature from 25°C to -20°C at a rate of 2°C / h and maintaining it for 48 hours, then increasing it back to 5°C at a rate of 1°C / h.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 4), the intensity of daily UV-B irradiation for 1 hour is 2.5 W / m², and the wavelength is 280-315 nm.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 4), the time for -5℃ is 4:00-8:00, the time for 5℃ is 8:00-16:00, and the time for -2℃ is 16:00-4:00.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 5), the spacing between planting holes is ≥50cm, the gravel layer has a particle size of 2-4cm, the paraffin core has a diameter of 50μm, and the silica shell has a thickness of 5μm.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 6), the temperature sensor is buried at a depth of 15cm with an accuracy of ±0.3℃, the FDR soil moisture sensor is buried at a depth of 10cm, the carbon fiber heating wire has a power of 50W / hole, and the water pump has a flow rate of 5L / min.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 7), the double-layer structure consists of a lower layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric and an upper layer of 20cm pine needles.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 5), the latent heat of phase change of the phase change microcapsules is ≥180J / g, and the amount incorporated is 10% of the weight of the moss.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: In step 6), the sensor is cold-resistant to -40℃.

[0015] Advantages of this invention: According to the cultivation method of Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments in this application, the expression of cold-resistant protein (LEA protein) is induced by gibberellin physiological activation and programmed gradient freezing technology, which increases the seed germination rate from 38% to 86%. Low temperature stress activates the antioxidant enzyme system in the seeds, increases SOD activity by 2.1 times, reduces malondialdehyde content by 62%, and significantly enhances cell membrane stability. A seedling system under temperature gradient descent and short-day stress was constructed to promote radicle germination and cotyledon unfolding, stimulate the activity of Rubisco, a key photosynthetic enzyme, to increase by 40%, optimize the chlorophyll a / b ratio to 3.2, achieve 180% of the proline accumulation of wild seedlings, increase soluble sugar content by 90%, and form the physiological basis for low-temperature resistance. By stabilizing the root zone temperature above -3℃ (12℃ higher than traditional methods), the overwintering survival rate increased from 47% to 92%. With a response delay of less than 10 seconds, the efficiency of handling extreme cold damage is 720 times higher than that of manual methods.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is the cultivation flowchart of this application; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the temperature changes during the three-stage acclimatization process in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0019] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method for cultivating Rhododendron simsii in cold, high-altitude environments according to embodiments of this application.

[0020] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii in high-altitude and cold environments according to Embodiment 1 of this application may include the following cultivation steps: Seed source screening and collection: In the cold temperate coniferous forest area of ​​the Greater Khingan Mountains at an altitude of ≥800m, select mother plants of Rhododendron simsii that are 5 years old or older and free from diseases and pests, and collect the fruits from late August to mid-September when the capsules turn from green to yellow. Seed stress resistance treatment: The capsules were dried in the shade and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pure seeds. The seeds were soaked in a mixture of 0.1% gibberellin (GA3) and 5°C ice water for 24 hours. Then, they were placed in a programmable freezer and subjected to a gradient cooling program, from 25°C to -20°C at a rate of 2°C / h and maintained for 48 hours, and then restored to 5°C at a rate of 1°C / h. Optimized substrate configuration: Mix larch forest soil, decomposed pine needles, and peat moss in a volume ratio of 3:2:1, and add 0.1% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; Three-stage stress-resistant acclimatization seedling cultivation: Stage 1 (0-30 days), greenhouse sowing, daytime temperature 20±2℃ / nighttime temperature 8±1℃, humidity 80%, covered with 75% light transmittance shade net; Phase 2 (30-60 days): Every 5 days, the temperature will be reduced by 2°C to a daytime temperature of 10°C and a nighttime temperature of 0°C. The shade net will be removed and UV-B irradiation will be carried out for 1 hour daily (intensity 2.5W / m², wavelength 280-315nm). Phase 3 (60-90 days): Move to an outdoor acclimatization shed, with a temperature cycle of -5℃ (4:00-8:00) → 5℃ (8:00-16:00) → -2℃ (16:00-4:00), and daily light exposure ≤ 6 hours; Frozen soil isolation planting: On a sunny slope with a slope of ≤15°, dig planting holes of 40×40×40cm (hole spacing ≥50cm). Lay a 10cm gravel layer (particle size 2-4cm) at the bottom, fill a 20cm mixed substrate in the middle, and cover the surface with a 5cm moss layer containing 10% phase change microcapsules. The phase change microcapsules are composed of a paraffin core (50μm in diameter) and a silica shell (5μm thick), with a phase change point of -5℃ and a latent heat of phase change of ≥180J / g. The amount of microcapsules added is 10% of the weight of the moss. Dynamic environmental monitoring: PT1000 root temperature sensors (buried 15cm, accuracy ±0.3℃) are installed for every 10 plants, and FDR soil moisture sensors (buried 10cm) are installed for every 20 plants. Data is transmitted to the cloud platform via LoRa module. When the root temperature is <-3℃, the carbon fiber heating wire (50W / hole) is activated, and the temperature is raised to -1℃ before being turned off. When the soil moisture content is >45%, the drainage pump (flow rate 5L / min) is activated until the moisture content drops to 35%. The response delay is <10 seconds, and the sensor is cold-resistant to -40℃. Winter management: Spray 0.2% azoxystrobin suspension before October 20th each year, cover with a double-layer structure (bottom layer of permeable non-woven fabric + top layer of 20cm pine needles), and activate a 20Hz vibration snow removal device when the snow thickness is >20cm.

[0021] The following example illustrates this further, providing Example 2: Seed source screening and collection: Mother plant selection: In the larch-Rhododendron mixed forest at an altitude of 850m in Huzhong District (52°36'N), select healthy mother plants that are 5 years or older (with no disease spots or insect infestation on branches and leaves), and collect the fruits when the capsules turn from green to yellow (September 10). Seed stress resistance treatment: After the capsules were air-dried, they were passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pure seeds (thousand-seed weight 0.048-0.052g). A 0.1% gibberellin (GA3) ice-water solution (5℃) was prepared, and the seeds were soaked for 24 hours. They were then placed in breathable bags in a programmable freezer and subjected to gradient cooling: 25℃ → -20℃ (2℃ / h, 48h) → 5℃ (1℃ / h). Three-stage stress-resistant acclimatization seedling cultivation: Stage 1 (from sowing to emergence), the substrate is mixed with larch forest soil: decomposed pine needles: peat moss = 3:2:1, and 0.1% carbendazim is added for disinfection. The mixture is filled into 32-cell trays, with 3 seeds sown in each cell, and covered with 1mm thick fine moss. The greenhouse is controlled at a daytime temperature of 20±2℃ / nighttime temperature of 8±1℃, humidity of 80%, and a shading net light transmittance of 75%. Phase 2 (seedling hardening): Starting 30 days after emergence, decrease the temperature by 2°C every 5 days until the daytime temperature reaches 10°C and the nighttime temperature reaches 0°C. Remove the shade net and irradiate with UV-B for 1 hour daily (intensity 2.5W / m², wavelength 280-315nm). Phase 3 (Field Simulation): Move the seedling trays to the outdoor acclimatization shed; Temperature cycle: -5℃ (4:00-8:00) → 5℃ (8:00-16:00) → -2℃ (16:00-4:00); Light control: 6 hours per day (9:00-15:00). Site selection and excavation: for sunny slopes with a slope of ≤15°, excavate planting holes of 40×40×40cm (spacing between holes ≥50cm); Layered filling: Bottom layer: 10cm gravel layer (particle size 2-4cm) to enhance drainage and flood prevention; Middle layer: 20cm mixed substrate (same composition as seedling stage); Top layer: 5cm moss mixed with 10% phase change microcapsules (paraffin-based, phase change point -5℃). Planting protection: After transplanting, lay a permeable non-woven fabric (50g / m²) and press the edges firmly to prevent the insulation layer from being lost; Sensor deployment: One PT1000 root temperature sensor (buried at a depth of 15cm) is deployed for every 10 plants, and one FDR soil moisture sensor (buried at a depth of 10cm) is deployed for every 20 plants. Control mechanism: When T 根系 <-3℃, activate the carbon fiber heating wire (50W / hole), automatically shut off when the temperature reaches -1℃, and when θ 土壤 >45%: Turn on the drain pump (flow rate 5L / min) until the moisture content drops to 35%; Disease control: Spray 0.2% azoxystrobin suspension before October 20 (operate according to GB / T 8321 standard); Double-layer coverage: lower layer, water-permeable non-woven fabric (50g / m²), to block cold air from directly penetrating; upper layer: 20cm pine needle layer, for heat preservation and breathability. Mechanical snow removal: When the snow depth is >20cm, use the vibrating snowplow (frequency 20Hz) to prevent snow pressure from damaging branches.

[0022] Through the above technical solutions, the seed germination rate of this application is increased from the conventional 38% to 86%, the survival rate of 3-year-old seedlings reaches 92%, the active ingredients are improved, the myrtle aldehyde content of domesticated seedlings reaches 1.7%, which is 113% higher than that of wild species (0.8%), energy consumption and cost are optimized, phase change microcapsules reduce heating energy consumption by 42%, the Internet of Things system reduces manual inspection costs by 75%, ecological compatibility is achieved, over-harvesting of wild resources is avoided, and the biodiversity index of artificial cultivation bases is increased by 30%.

[0023] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0025] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, characterized in that, The following cultivation steps are included: 1) Seed source screening and collection: In the cold temperate coniferous forest area of ​​the Greater Khingan Mountains at an altitude of ≥800m, select mother plants of Rhododendron simsii that are 5 years old and free from diseases and pests, and collect the fruits from late August to mid-September when the capsules turn from green to yellow. Seed stress resistance treatment: The capsules were dried in the shade and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pure seeds. The seeds were soaked in a mixture of 0.1% gibberellin and 5°C ice water for 24 hours, and then placed in a programmable freezer to perform a gradient cooling program. 3) Quality optimization configuration: Mix larch forest soil, decomposed pine needles and peat soil in a volume ratio of 3:2:1, and add 0.1% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection; 4) Three-stage stress-resistant acclimatization seedling raising: Stage 1: Sow in greenhouse with daytime temperature of 20±2℃ / nighttime temperature of 8±1℃, humidity of 80%, and cover with a shading net with 75% light transmittance. During Phase Two, the temperature will be reduced by 2°C every 5 days until the daytime temperature is 10°C and the nighttime temperature is 0°C. The shade net will be removed and UV-B irradiation will be carried out for 1 hour daily. During the third stage, the animals were moved to an outdoor acclimatization shed, with a temperature cycle of -5℃→5℃→-2℃ and daily light exposure of ≤6 hours. 5) Frozen soil isolation planting: On a sunny slope with a slope of ≤15°, dig a 40×40×40cm planting hole, lay a 10cm gravel layer at the bottom, fill a 20cm mixed substrate in the middle, and cover the surface with a 5cm moss layer mixed with 10% phase change microcapsules. The phase change microcapsules are composed of a paraffin core and a silica shell, with a phase change point of -5℃. 6) Dynamic environmental monitoring: PT1000 root temperature sensors are installed for every 10 plants, and FDR soil moisture sensors are installed for every 20 plants. Data is transmitted to the cloud platform via LoRa modules. When the root temperature is <-3℃, the carbon fiber heating wire is activated, and it is turned off when the temperature reaches -1℃. When the soil moisture content is >45%, the drainage pump is activated until the moisture content drops to 35%. 7) Overwintering management: Spray 0.2% azoxystrobin suspension before October 20th each year, cover with a double-layer structure, and activate the 20Hz vibration snow removal device when the snow thickness is >20cm.

2. The cultivation method of Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the cooling process involves reducing the temperature from 25°C to -20°C at a rate of 2°C / h and maintaining it for 48 hours, then increasing it back to 5°C at a rate of 1°C / h.

3. The cultivation method for Rhododendron in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the intensity of daily UV-B irradiation for 1 hour is 2.5 W / m², and the wavelength is 280-315 nm.

4. The cultivation method for Rhododendron in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the time for -5℃ is 4:00-8:00, the time for 5℃ is 8:00-16:00, and the time for -2℃ is 16:00-4:

00.

5. The cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the spacing between planting holes is ≥50cm, the gravel layer has a particle size of 2-4cm, the paraffin core has a diameter of 50μm, and the silica shell has a thickness of 5μm.

6. The cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), the temperature sensor is buried at a depth of 15cm with an accuracy of ±0.3℃, the FDR soil moisture sensor is buried at a depth of 10cm, the carbon fiber heating wire has a power of 50W / hole, and the water pump has a flow rate of 5L / min.

7. The cultivation method for Rhododendron simsii in high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7), the double-layer structure consists of a lower layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric and an upper layer of 20cm pine needles.

8. The cultivation method of Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the latent heat of phase change of the phase change microcapsules is ≥180J / g, and the amount incorporated is 10% of the weight of the moss.

9. The cultivation method of Rhododendron simsii suitable for high-altitude and cold environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), the sensor is cold-resistant to -40℃.

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