Safety pressure relief system for high-pressure reaction kettle and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reaction kettle, belongs to the technical field of application safety of high-pressure reaction kettles, and solves the problem of insufficient safety guarantee of an existing high-pressure reaction kettle. The pressure relief system comprises a high-pressure reaction kettle body, a kettle cover used for sealing is arranged on the high-pressure reaction kettle body, a feeding pipe, a first pressure relief pipe and a second pressure relief pipe which are communicated with the interior of the high-pressure reaction kettle are inserted into the kettle cover, the feeding pipe is communicated with a feeding device used for feeding, and the second pressure relief pipe is communicated with a discharging device used for discharging. The first pressure relief pipe is provided with an automatic control pressure relief device, the tail end of the first pressure relief pipe is communicated with a collecting tank, the second pressure relief pipe is provided with a rupture disk, and the rupture pressure of the rupture disk is higher than the opening pressure of the automatic control pressure relief device. According to the safety pressure relief system for the high-pressure reaction kettle and the control method, multi-stage, redundant and intelligent cooperative safety protection is achieved, the pipeline overpressure risk is reduced, and safety guarantee is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of safety technology for high-pressure reaction kettles, and in particular to a safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reaction kettle and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the fields of chemical industry, materials, energy, etc., high-pressure reaction kettles are often used for high-temperature and high-pressure tests. For example, a CF-20L reaction kettle has a design pressure of 15 MPa and a design temperature of 250 DEG C. In actual use, the following problems often arise: the traditional equipment only relies on bursting discs or manual pressure relief valves, the response is lagging, and it cannot cope with slow pressure rise or control system failure. High-temperature and high-pressure media (such as insulating oil) are directly discharged after being discharged, which can easily cause fires, environmental pollution or equipment damage. Moreover, the existing operating procedures require multiple people to cooperate, manual pressure adjustment, and repeated confirmation, and there is still a risk of overpressure and overtemperature.

[0003] Although automatic pressure relief valves or bursting discs are used alone in the prior art, there is a lack of system-level coordinated control and medium safety processing mechanism, and the whole process of safety protection from early warning, discharge to disposal cannot be realized. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reaction kettle and a control method, which realizes multi-level, redundant and intelligent coordinated safety protection, reduces the risk of pipeline overpressure, improves safety protection, and has the characteristics of convenient use and strong practicality.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present application is: a safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reaction kettle, comprising a high-pressure reaction kettle body, a kettle cover for sealing is arranged on the high-pressure reaction kettle body, a feed pipe, a first pressure relief pipe and a second pressure relief pipe which are in communication with the inside of the high-pressure reaction kettle are respectively inserted into the kettle cover, the feed pipe is communicated with a feeding device for feeding, an automatic control pressure relief device is arranged on the first pressure relief pipe, a collecting tank is communicated with the end of the first pressure relief pipe, a bursting disc is arranged on the second pressure relief pipe, the burst pressure of the bursting disc is higher than the opening pressure of the automatic control pressure relief device, a drainage pipe is communicated with the second pressure relief pipe, a drainage storage device is connected to the end of the drainage pipe, an insulating medium is arranged in the drainage storage device, a monitoring device for monitoring the pressure inside the high-pressure reaction kettle body is arranged below the second pressure relief pipe of the bursting disc, and the monitoring device is electrically connected with a PLC controller.

[0006] As a further improvement, the feeding device comprises a metering pump, a stainless steel hose and a first electromagnetic valve, the first electromagnetic valve is installed on the feeding pipe, the input end of the feeding pipe is connected with the output end of the metering pump, the input end of the metering pump is connected with one end of the stainless steel hose, and the first electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the external PLC controller.

[0007] Further, the monitoring device comprises a pressure sensor and a first pressure gauge, the pressure sensor and the first pressure gauge are respectively installed on the second pressure relief pipe through branch pipes, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the PLC controller.

[0008] Further, the automatic control pressure relief device comprises a second electromagnetic valve, and the second electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the external PLC controller.

[0009] Further, the automatic control pressure relief device comprises a back pressure valve, and the back pressure valve is installed on the first pressure relief pipe.

[0010] Further, the first pressure relief pipe at two ends of the automatic control pressure relief device is connected with a standby pipe in parallel, and a manual on-off valve is arranged on the standby pipe.

[0011] Further, the drainage storage device comprises a welding needle valve, a second pressure gauge and a storage tank, the storage tank is communicated with a drainage pipe, the drainage pipe is provided with the welding needle valve, and the second pressure gauge is installed on the storage tank.

[0012] Further, the storage tank and the collection tank are each provided with a welding needle valve at the top and the bottom.

[0013] Further, the drainage pipe and the feeding pipe are each provided with a one-way valve.

[0014] A control method of a safety pressure relief system of a high-pressure reaction kettle comprises the following steps: S1, setting the rated working pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle, the opening pressure threshold of the automatic control pressure relief device and the burst pressure threshold of the burst disc through a PLC controller; S2, a monitoring device monitors the pressure inside the high-pressure reaction kettle in real time and transmits a pressure signal to the PLC controller; when the pressure reaches or exceeds the opening pressure threshold of the automatic control pressure relief device, a back pressure valve is opened to release pressure or a second electromagnetic valve is opened to make the medium be discharged to a collection tank through a first pressure relief pipe under the control of the PLC controller; S3, if the automatic control pressure relief device fails to effectively relieve pressure or the pressure rises sharply to the burst pressure threshold of the burst disc, the burst disc ruptures, the medium enters the drainage storage device through the second pressure relief pipe and the drainage pipe, and simultaneously, the PLC controller performs linkage operation according to the preset logic, including: controlling the first electromagnetic valve to close, cutting off the feed pipe; controlling the second electromagnetic valve to close or switching, ensuring that the relief path is forced to guide to the drainage storage device; S4, the medium entering the drainage storage device contacts the insulating medium therein, and is subjected to fire retardant, cooling, condensation or adsorption treatment, so as to realize safe storage; S5, after the system pressure returns to normal and the temperature drops to a safe range, the burst disc that has been actuated is replaced, the state of the automatic control pressure relief device and the pipeline is checked, and the PLC controller alarm is reset, in preparation for the next operation.

[0015] Advantages Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. By setting the automatic control pressure relief device and the burst disc with different opening pressures, a two-stage pressure relief mechanism of primary relief and ultimate protection is formed, which effectively deals with different speed and degree of overpressure working conditions, and has high safety.

[0016] 2. By integrating the PLC controller, the monitoring device, the feeding device and the pressure relief device, real-time pressure monitoring, automatic abnormality judgment and linkage of the actuator are realized, such as automatic cutting off of the feed and switching of the relief path, so that the response is rapid, and human operation errors and delays are reduced.

[0017] 3. The drainage storage device is specially provided and equipped with insulating medium, so that the high-temperature, high-pressure or dangerous medium discharged by the burst disc is treated in time, secondary accidents are effectively prevented, and the environmental protection and intrinsic safety level are improved.

[0018] 4. The provision of the standby pipe and the manual switch valve provides a manual operation path when the main automatic pressure relief device fails or is maintained, ensuring the continuous availability and maintenance convenience of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application.

[0020] Wherein: 1-high pressure reaction kettle body, 2-feeding device, 21-first electromagnetic valve, 22-metering pump, 23-stainless steel metal hose, 3-monitoring device, 31-pressure sensor, 32-first pressure gauge, 4-drainage storage device, 41-second pressure gauge, 42-welded needle valve, 43-storage tank, 5-feed pipe, 6-second pressure relief pipe, 7-first pressure relief pipe, 8-back pressure valve, 9-second electromagnetic valve, 10-manual switch valve, 11-standby pipe, 12-drainage pipe, 13-collection tank, 14-check valve, 15-burst disc, 16-kettle cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The application will be further described below with reference to the specific embodiments in the drawings.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1 As shown in the drawings, the safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor of the application comprises a high-pressure reactor body 1, the high-pressure reactor body 1 is provided with a reactor cover 16 for sealing, the reactor cover 16 is respectively inserted with a feeding pipe 5, a first pressure relief pipe 7 and a second pressure relief pipe 6 which are in communication with the inside of the high-pressure reactor, the feeding pipe 5 is communicated with a feeding device 2 for feeding, the first pressure relief pipe 7 is provided with an automatic control pressure relief device, the end of the first pressure relief pipe 7 is communicated with a collection tank 13, the second pressure relief pipe 6 is provided with a bursting disc 15, the burst pressure of the bursting disc 15 is higher than the opening pressure of the automatic control pressure relief device, the second pressure relief pipe 6 is communicated with a drainage pipe 12, the end of the drainage pipe 12 is connected with a drainage storage device 4, the drainage storage device 4 is provided with an isolation medium, the second pressure relief pipe 6 below the bursting disc 15 is provided with a monitoring device 3 for monitoring the pressure inside the high-pressure reactor body 1, and the monitoring device 3 is electrically connected with a PLC controller.

[0023] In the embodiment, the first pressure relief pipe 7 is provided with the automatic control pressure relief device as a primary relief device, and the second pressure relief pipe 6 is provided with the bursting disc 15 as a secondary relief device, the operator sets the core safety parameters, the rated working pressure P0 of the high-pressure reactor, the opening pressure threshold P1 (P1>P0) of the primary relief device and the burst pressure threshold P2 (P2>P1) of the bursting disc through the PLC controller, after the system is started, the monitoring device (pressure sensor) installed on the second pressure relief pipe continuously and real-timely collects the pressure signal inside the high-pressure reactor and transmits it to the PLC controller. The PLC compares the monitoring pressure with the preset threshold dynamically, the system keeps a sealed running state in the normal pressure range, when the pressure is abnormal, the primary relief device with the pressure lower than P2 responds first to try to control the pressure in the safety range; if the primary relief fails or an emergency situation of pressure sudden rise occurs, when the pressure reaches a higher P2, the bursting disc 15 as a physical ultimate guarantee acts to open an independent channel. All the media discharged through the secondary channel are guided to the drainage storage device 4 for forced safety treatment, this structure realizes multi-level redundant protection, organically combines the active controllable discharge with the passive physical discharge, solves the problem of insufficient reliability of a single relief device. At the same time, by forcibly connecting the ultimate discharge path to the storage device with processing capacity, the active safe storage of the dangerous medium is realized, the secondary disasters caused by the direct discharge of high-temperature and flammable medium into the environment are fundamentally avoided, and the intrinsic safety level of the system is significantly improved.

[0024] Specifically, the feeding device 2 comprises a metering pump 22, a stainless steel metal hose 23 and a first electromagnetic valve 21, the first electromagnetic valve 21 is installed on the feeding pipe 5, the input end of the feeding pipe 5 is connected with the output end of the metering pump 22, the input end of the metering pump 22 is connected with one end of the stainless steel metal hose 23, the first electromagnetic valve 21 is electrically connected with an external PLC controller, when the system is normally running, the PLC can control the first electromagnetic valve 21 to open, and cooperate with the metering pump 22 to accurately feed. When the PLC judges that the system has overpressure according to the signal of the monitoring device 3, especially when the secondary pressure relief is triggered, the first electromagnetic valve 21 will be immediately sent a closing instruction, realizing accurate control and emergency shutdown of feeding. The linkage with the PLC can cut off the continuous input of dangerous materials in the first time when the safety system is started, and improve the safety level.

[0025] Preferably, the monitoring device 3 comprises a pressure sensor 31 and a first pressure gauge 32, the pressure sensor 31 and the first pressure gauge 32 are respectively installed on the second pressure relief pipe 6 through branch pipes, the pressure sensor 31 is electrically connected with the PLC controller, the pressure sensor 31 serves as an electronic monitoring device of the system, provides continuous and accurate digital pressure signals for the PLC, and is an input source of automatic control logic, the first pressure gauge 32 provides intuitive, reliable and non-power-dependent pressure readings for the on-site operator, and is used for auxiliary verification and judgment in emergency.

[0026] Further, the automatic control pressure relief device comprises a second electromagnetic valve 9, the second electromagnetic valve 9 is electrically connected with the external PLC controller.

[0027] In the present example, the PLC compares the real-time pressure with the set value P1, when the pressure ≥ P1, the second electromagnetic valve 9 is controlled to open and relieve pressure. This way has high integration, flexible control, is convenient for realizing complex linkage logic with the first electromagnetic valve 21 in the system, can record action data, and is suitable for occasions requiring accurate management and process tracing.

[0028] Further, the automatic control pressure relief device comprises a back pressure valve 8, the back pressure valve 8 is installed on the first pressure relief pipe 7, the back pressure valve 8 is a mechanical automatic valve, the opening pressure of which is set according to P1 before installation, when the pressure in the kettle reaches P1, the back pressure valve 8 is automatically opened and relieved by relying on the balance between the medium pressure and the internal spring force. The advantage of its pure mechanical structure is rapid response, non-dependence on external power or control system, and high independent action reliability.

[0029] Further, the first pressure relief pipe 7 is connected in parallel with a standby pipe 11, and a hand-operated switch valve 10 is arranged on the standby pipe 11. When the automatic control pressure relief device needs to be repaired, maintained or fails, the hand-operated switch valve 10 is opened, so that the first pressure relief pipe 7 keeps unobstructed through the standby pipe 11, ensuring that the operator can still adjust the pressure by manually using the first pressure relief pipe 7 and the collection tank 13 when the primary pressure relief device is unavailable, greatly improving the usability and maintainability of the system.

[0030] Further, the drainage storage device 4 comprises a welding needle valve 42, a second pressure gauge 41 and a storage tank 43. The storage tank 43 is in communication with the drainage pipe 12, the welding needle valve 42 is arranged on the drainage pipe 12, and the second pressure gauge 41 is arranged on the storage tank 43. The top and bottom of the storage tank 43 and the collection tank 13 are each provided with a welding needle valve 42.

[0031] In this embodiment, after the rupture disc 15 breaks, the medium rushes into the storage tank 43 and mixes, cools, absorbs or chemically reacts with the pre-installed insulation medium, such as water or oil or adsorbent, so as to be safely contained and treated. The welding needle valve 42 is used for venting before operation, sampling or emptying after operation, and the second pressure gauge 41 is used for monitoring the safety state during the treatment process.

[0032] Further, a one-way valve 14 is arranged on the drainage pipe 12 and the feed pipe 5. The one-way valve 14 on the drainage pipe 12 prevents the medium in the drainage storage device 4 from flowing back to the reaction kettle during normal times or when the system is under negative pressure. The one-way valve 14 on the feed pipe 5 prevents the medium in the reaction kettle from flowing back into the feeding device 2.

[0033] A control method of a safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reaction kettle, comprising the following steps: S1, setting the rated working pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle, the opening pressure threshold of the automatic control pressure relief device and the burst pressure threshold of the rupture disc by the PLC controller. The rated working pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is P0, the opening pressure threshold of the automatic control pressure relief device is P1, and the burst pressure threshold of the rupture disc is P2. The pressure gradient P0 S2, the monitoring device monitors the pressure inside the high-pressure reaction kettle in real time and transmits the pressure signal to the PLC controller. When the pressure reaches or exceeds the opening pressure threshold of the automatic control pressure relief device, the back pressure valve opens to relieve pressure or the PLC controller controls the second electromagnetic valve to open, so that the medium is discharged to the collection tank through the first pressure relief pipe; S3. If the automatic pressure relief device fails to effectively relieve pressure or the pressure rises sharply to the burst pressure threshold of the rupture disc, the rupture disc will rupture, and the medium will enter the drainage storage device through the second pressure relief pipe and the drainage pipe. At the same time, the PLC controller will execute linkage operations according to the preset logic, including: controlling the first solenoid valve to close and cut off the feed pipeline; controlling the second solenoid valve to close or switch to ensure that the relief path is forcibly guided to the drainage storage device. S4. The medium entering the diversion and storage device comes into contact with the isolation medium therein and undergoes flame arrest, cooling, condensation or adsorption treatment to achieve safe sealing. S5. After the system pressure returns to normal and the temperature drops to a safe range, replace the activated rupture disc, check the status of the automatic control pressure relief device and pipeline, reset the PLC controller alarm, and prepare for the next operation.

[0034] The safety pressure relief system for the high-pressure reaction kettle of the embodiment is used, the operator sets the core safety parameters through the PLC controller, the rated working pressure P0 of the high-pressure reaction kettle, the opening pressure threshold P1 (P1>P0) of the first pressure relief device and the burst pressure threshold P2 (P2>P1) of the bursting disc, after the system is started, the monitoring device (pressure sensor) installed on the second pressure relief pipeline continuously and real-timely collects the pressure signal inside the high-pressure reaction kettle and transmits to the PLC controller. The PLC compares the monitoring pressure with the preset threshold dynamically, the system keeps the sealed running state in the normal pressure range, when the pressure in the reaction kettle is increased due to the reaction heat release, excessive feeding and the like and reaches or exceeds the first opening pressure threshold P1, the PLC determines that the general overpressure occurs, if the back pressure valve 8 is configured: the mechanical valve is automatically opened when the medium pressure reaches the spring preset value P1, the instantaneous pressure relief is realized without relying on external power, if the second electromagnetic valve 9 is configured: the PLC directly outputs the control signal, the second electromagnetic valve 9 on the first pressure relief pipeline 7 is opened, the discharged medium is safely guided to the collecting tank 13 for temporary storage through the first pressure relief pipeline 7, if the first relief cannot effectively control the pressure, or the pressure is sharply increased to the ultimate pressure threshold P2 due to the out-of-control reaction, the system enters the emergency state, under the overpressure impact, the bursting disc 15 installed on the second pressure relief pipeline 6 is physically broken, the irreversible large flow area discharge port is formed, the PLC immediately sends the closing instruction to the first electromagnetic valve 21 on the feeding pipe 5, the feeding path to the feeding device 2 is completely cut off, the reactants are prevented from continuously entering the reaction kettle, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium discharged through the bursting disc 15 is directly guided into the flow storage device 4 through the second pressure relief pipeline 6 and the flow guide pipe 12 under the guidance of the one-way valve 14. In the storage tank 4 of the device, the discharged medium is fully contacted with the pre-filled isolation medium, the safety storage is realized through the cooling, condensation, inertization, absorption or chemical reaction and the like, and the fire, explosion or pollution risk is eliminated. The safety pressure relief system and the control method for the high-pressure reaction kettle of the embodiment realize the multi-stage, redundant and intelligent collaborative safety protection, reduce the pipeline overpressure risk, improve the safety guarantee, and have the characteristics of convenient use and strong practicality.

[0035] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present application, which will not affect the effect and practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor, comprising a high-pressure reactor body (1), wherein the high-pressure reactor body (1) is provided with a reactor lid (16) for sealing, characterized in that, The lid (16) is connected to a feed pipe (5), a first pressure relief pipe (7), and a second pressure relief pipe (6) that are connected to the inside of the high-pressure reactor. The feed pipe (5) is connected to a feeding device (2) for feeding. The first pressure relief pipe (7) is equipped with an automatic pressure relief device. The end of the first pressure relief pipe (7) is connected to a collection tank (13). The second pressure relief pipe (6) is equipped with a rupture disc (15). The rupture pressure of the rupture disc (15) is higher than the opening pressure of the automatic pressure relief device. The second pressure relief pipe (6) is connected to a drainage pipe (12). The end of the drainage pipe (12) is connected to a drainage storage device (4). The drainage storage device (4) is equipped with an isolation medium. The second pressure relief pipe (6) below the rupture disc (15) is equipped with a monitoring device (3) for monitoring the internal pressure of the high-pressure reactor body (1). The monitoring device (3) is electrically connected to a PLC controller.

2. The safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device (2) includes a metering pump (22), a stainless steel metal hose (23) and a first solenoid valve (21). The first solenoid valve (21) is installed on the feed pipe (5). The input end of the feed pipe (5) is connected to the output end of the metering pump (22). The input end of the metering pump (22) is connected to one end of the stainless steel metal hose (23). The first solenoid valve (21) is electrically connected to an external PLC controller.

3. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring device (3) includes a pressure sensor (31) and a first pressure gauge (32). The pressure sensor (31) and the first pressure gauge (32) are respectively installed on the second pressure relief pipe (6) through a branch pipe. The pressure sensor (31) is electrically connected to the PLC controller.

4. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The automatic control pressure relief device includes a second solenoid valve (9), which is electrically connected to an external PLC controller.

5. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic pressure relief device includes a back pressure valve (8), which is installed on the first pressure relief pipe (7).

6. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A spare pipe (11) is connected in parallel to the first pressure relief pipe (7) located at both ends of the automatic control pressure relief device, and a manual switch valve (10) is provided on the spare pipe (11).

7. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage storage device (4) includes a welding needle valve (42), a second pressure gauge (41) and a storage tank (43). The storage tank (43) is connected to the drainage pipe (12) at the top. The drainage pipe (12) is equipped with a welding needle valve (42). The second pressure gauge (41) is installed on the storage tank (43).

8. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage tank (43) and the collection tank (13) are equipped with welded needle valves (42) at the top and bottom.

9. A safety pressure relief system for a high-pressure reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the drain pipe (12) and the feed pipe (5) are equipped with one-way valves (14).

10. A control method for a safety pressure relief system of a high-pressure reactor, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Set the rated working pressure of the high-pressure reactor, the opening pressure threshold of the automatic pressure relief device, and the burst pressure threshold of the rupture disc through the PLC controller. S2. The monitoring device monitors the pressure inside the high-pressure reactor in real time and transmits the pressure signal to the PLC controller. When the pressure reaches or exceeds the opening pressure threshold of the automatic control pressure relief device, the back pressure valve opens to relieve pressure or the PLC controller controls the second solenoid valve to open, so that the medium is released into the collection tank through the first pressure relief pipe. S3. If the automatic pressure relief device fails to effectively relieve pressure or the pressure rises sharply to the burst pressure threshold of the rupture disc, the rupture disc will rupture, and the medium will enter the drainage storage device through the second pressure relief pipe and the drainage pipe. At the same time, the PLC controller will execute linkage operations according to the preset logic, including: controlling the first solenoid valve to close and cut off the feed pipeline; controlling the second solenoid valve to close or switch to ensure that the relief path is forcibly guided to the drainage storage device. S4. The medium entering the diversion and storage device comes into contact with the isolation medium therein and undergoes flame arrest, cooling, condensation or adsorption treatment to achieve safe sealing. S5. After the system pressure returns to normal and the temperature drops to a safe range, replace the activated rupture disc, check the status of the automatic control pressure relief device and pipeline, reset the PLC controller alarm, and prepare for the next operation.

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