A superconducting cavity electron beam welding device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of welding technology and discloses a superconducting cavity electron beam welding device, comprising an installation assembly with a vacuum welding chamber, a welding torch assembly located within the vacuum welding chamber, and a detection and control assembly. The welding torch assembly includes a welding torch mechanism, a pitch adjustment mechanism, and a position adjustment mechanism. The fixed end of the pitch adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber, the fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the pitch adjustment mechanism, and the welding torch mechanism is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the position adjustment mechanism. This superconducting cavity electron beam welding device avoids large-scale displacement of the adjusted structure in the lateral and vertical directions, thereby effectively reducing the risk of collision and interference between the welding torch and the lateral structure (beam tube) on the workpiece to be welded, as well as the beam used to install the real-time detection device within the vacuum welding chamber, during the adjustment process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and more specifically to a superconducting cavity electron beam welding device. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting cavities are key components in high-end scientific devices such as particle accelerators. Their welding quality directly affects the electromagnetic performance, mechanical stability, and long-term operational reliability of the cavity. Since superconducting cavities are usually made of thin-walled metal materials and the welds are mostly annular or complex curved structures, the requirements for weld formation consistency, weld penetration stability, and inner surface quality are extremely high. Electron beam welding is widely used in the manufacturing process of superconducting cavities due to its advantages such as high energy density, small heat-affected zone, and stable weld quality. In actual welding, the superconducting cavity is usually driven by a rotary mechanism to rotate continuously, and the welding torch needs to stably track the curved weld generated by the rotation in the vacuum welding chamber.

[0003] In existing superconducting cavity electron beam welding devices, the welding torch is typically positioned within a vacuum welding chamber. The pitch angle of the torch is adjusted via a pitch control mechanism to match the curved weld seam formed during the rotary welding process of the superconducting cavity, ensuring the electron beam incident direction aligns with the local weld morphology. However, as the torch pitch angle changes, the welding distance between the torch tip and the welding surface also changes. To ensure optimal welding focus and energy coupling conditions, current technologies generally employ a three-axis linkage structure (X / Y / Z) to move the torch's spatial position, thereby compensating for the welding distance. This three-axis linkage adjustment method... Although welding distance recovery can be achieved, when a transverse bundle tube is welded on the superconducting cavity, and a beam or other structure for installing a real-time detection device is also set up in the vacuum welding chamber, the welding torch and its three-axis linkage mechanism are prone to collision and interference with the above-mentioned protruding or transverse components during the adjustment process. In order to reduce the risk of interference, some existing technologies attempt to limit the overall displacement of the welding torch by fixing and clamping the tail end of the welding torch. However, this method has extremely high requirements for the strength and rigidity of the clamping structure. Long-term repeated adjustment and stress can easily lead to deformation or fatigue of the clamping part, thereby causing a decrease in the positioning accuracy of the welding torch, ultimately affecting the welding quality and the service life of the equipment.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still struggle to balance interference avoidance, structural reliability, and long-term stable welding accuracy in terms of welding torch pitch adjustment and welding distance compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a superconducting cavity electron beam welding device, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] Design a superconducting cavity electron beam welding device, including an installation assembly with a vacuum welding chamber, a welding torch assembly located inside the vacuum welding chamber, and a detection and control assembly;

[0008] The welding torch assembly includes a welding torch mechanism, a pitch adjustment mechanism, and a position adjustment mechanism. The fixed end of the pitch adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber, the fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the pitch adjustment mechanism, and the welding torch mechanism is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the position adjustment mechanism.

[0009] The welding torch mechanism is provided with a first position and a second position along the extension direction, and the position adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the position of the welding torch mechanism between the first position and the second position.

[0010] The detection and control component is used to detect the weld position of the workpiece in real time, and control the pitch adjustment mechanism to adjust the pitch angle based on the detected weld position.

[0011] Optionally, the pitch adjustment mechanism includes a worm, a turbine, and a support cylinder. The outer circular surface of the turbine meshes with the outer circular surface of the worm. The support cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of the turbine along a first direction, and its axis is perpendicular to the center of the turbine along the first direction. The end face of the support cylinder is slidably connected to the welding torch mechanism through an open through hole. The fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder.

[0012] Optionally, the pitch adjustment mechanism further includes a first drive motor, the output end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the worm gear.

[0013] Optionally, the position adjustment mechanism includes an electric push rod, the fixed end of which is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder, and the telescopic end of which is fixedly connected to the end of the welding gun mechanism located outside the support cylinder. The electric push rod is connected in parallel in the circuit of the first drive motor.

[0014] Optionally, the position adjustment mechanism includes a second drive motor and a crank-rocker assembly. The fixed end of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder, and the driving end of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to the power input end of the crank-rocker assembly. The power output end of the crank-rocker assembly is rotatably connected to the end of the welding torch mechanism located outside the support cylinder. The second drive motor is connected in parallel to the circuit of the first drive motor.

[0015] Optionally, the crank rocker assembly includes a drive rod and a transmission rod. One end of the drive rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor, and the other end of the drive rod is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod. The other end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the end of the welding torch mechanism located outside the support cylinder.

[0016] Optionally, the output end of the second drive motor is provided with a reduction gearbox, and the output end of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to the end of the drive rod away from the transmission rod through the reduction gearbox.

[0017] Optionally, a lifting assembly is also included, which includes a lifting rod and a support block. The fixed end of the lifting rod is fixedly connected to the top wall of the vacuum welding chamber, and the support block is fixedly connected to the lifting end of the lifting rod. The support block has a support cavity, and the worm and turbine are rotatably connected inside the support cavity. The first drive motor is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the support block, and the drive end passes through the support cavity and is fixedly connected to one end of the worm.

[0018] Optionally, the mounting assembly includes a welding housing and a rotary mechanism. The vacuum welding chamber is formed on the welding housing. The rotary mechanism includes a rotary table and a rotary drive mechanism. The fixed end of the rotary drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber. The rotary table is fixedly connected to the drive end of the rotary drive mechanism. The surface of the rotary table is provided with a bearing position for placing the workpiece to be welded.

[0019] This invention provides a superconducting cavity electron beam welding device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This superconducting cavity electron beam welding device welds the workpiece placed in the vacuum welding chamber using a welding torch mechanism. The detection and control component monitors the weld position of the workpiece in real time and controls the pitch adjustment mechanism to adjust the pitch angle of the welding torch mechanism based on the weld position. During the pitch adjustment process, the welding distance between the welding torch mechanism and the welding surface changes with the angle. At this time, the position adjustment mechanism can drive the welding torch mechanism to extend or retract along its extension direction between a first position and a second position while maintaining the welding torch mechanism's pitch attitude, thereby compensating for and adjusting the welding distance. The welding torch mechanism port can maintain the set effective welding distance at different pitch angles, and distance compensation is only performed in the axial direction of the welding torch mechanism. This avoids large-scale displacement of the adjustment structure in the lateral and vertical directions, thereby effectively reducing the risk of collision and interference between the welding torch and the transverse structure (bundle tube) on the workpiece to be welded, as well as the crossbeam used to install the real-time detection device in the vacuum welding chamber during the adjustment process. At the same time, it also avoids the rigidity and strength requirements of the welding torch mechanism installation clamp, and avoids the problems of deformation, loosening or fatigue of the clamping part due to long-term stress or repeated adjustment. This helps to maintain the installation accuracy of the welding torch mechanism and improve its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the superconducting cavity electron beam welding device in this invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the welding torch assembly in this invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional view of the pitch adjustment mechanism in this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the welding torch assembly in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 10. Mounting assembly; 11. Vacuum welding chamber; 12. Welding shell; 13. Rotation mechanism; 131. Rotary table; 20. Welding torch assembly; 21. Welding torch mechanism; 22. Pitch adjustment mechanism; 221. Worm gear; 222. Turbine; 223. Support cylinder; 224. First drive motor; 23. Position adjustment mechanism; 231. Electric push rod; 232. Second drive motor; 233. Crank rocker assembly; 2331. Drive rod; 2332. Transmission rod; 30. Detection and control assembly; 40. Lifting assembly; 41. Lifting rod; 42. Bearing block. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] This invention provides a welding device, specifically for electron beam welding of superconducting cavities. During the production of a superconducting cavity, welding is required at the seam (weld) formed by assembling two semi-superconducting cavities. The two semi-superconducting cavities are welded together using an electron beam to form the superconducting cavity. The pitch angle is finely adjusted to match the curve of the weld to improve the weld quality. During this process, the welding distance changes due to variations in the pitch angle, necessitating adjustment of the welding distance to further improve the welding quality.

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a superconducting cavity electron beam welding device, comprising an installation assembly 10 having a vacuum welding chamber 11, a welding torch assembly 20 located in the vacuum welding chamber 11, and a detection and control assembly 30;

[0030] The welding torch assembly 20 includes a welding torch mechanism 21, a pitch adjustment mechanism 22, and a position adjustment mechanism 23. The fixed end of the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber 11, the fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism 23 is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the pitch adjustment mechanism 22, and the welding torch mechanism 21 is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the position adjustment mechanism 23.

[0031] The welding torch mechanism 21 is provided with a first position and a second position along the extension direction, and the position adjustment mechanism 23 is used to adjust the position of the welding torch mechanism 21 between the first position and the second position.

[0032] The detection control component 30 is used to detect the weld position of the workpiece in real time, and control the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 to adjust the pitch angle based on the detected weld position.

[0033] Both the welding torch assembly 20 and the detection and control assembly 30 are arranged within the vacuum environment formed by the vacuum welding chamber 11 (specifically, the vacuum welding chamber 11 is capable of being evacuated, which is existing technology) to meet the requirements of electron beam welding for vacuum degree and beam stability. The fixed end of the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 is directly fixed inside the vacuum welding chamber 11 as a reference support for adjusting the attitude of the welding torch. The fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism 23 is installed on the adjustment end of the pitch adjustment mechanism 22, so that the position adjustment mechanism 23 swings as a whole with the attitude change of the pitch adjustment mechanism 22. The welding torch assembly 21 is then fixed to the adjustment end of the position adjustment mechanism 23, so that the welding torch assembly 21 can change the pitch angle under the drive of the pitch adjustment mechanism 22, and can also achieve feed / retreat along its own extension direction under the drive of the position adjustment mechanism 23. Through the above-mentioned series structure, the pitch adjustment changes the matching relationship between the electron beam incident direction and the weld curve, while the position adjustment is used to compensate for the welding distance changes caused by pitch changes or weld space deviations, so that the welding torch port can move closer to or further away from the welding surface along the extension direction without changing the pitch attitude, thereby maintaining a stable effective welding distance and focal coupling.

[0034] Furthermore, the welding torch mechanism 21 has a first position and a second position preset along its extension direction. The position adjustment mechanism 23 is used to drive the welding torch mechanism 21 to switch or continuously adjust between the two positions. The first position can be understood as a movable limit position, and the second position can be understood as a standby position, ensuring that the port of the welding torch mechanism 21 maintains a set torch distance from the weld. The detection and control component 30 detects the weld position of the workpiece to be welded in real time, and controls the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 to dynamically adjust the pitch angle based on the detection results, so that the incident direction of the welding beam or welding electron beam is synchronously matched with the changes in the weld curve and local normal during the rotation welding process of the superconducting cavity. The position adjustment mechanism 23 works together to achieve gun distance compensation, improve the consistency of curved weld welding, reduce the risk of collision interference and improve welding efficiency. Specifically, the detection and control component 30 detects the weld position in real time and drives the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 to make dynamic angle adjustments. At the same time, the position adjustment mechanism 23 compensates for the welding distance, so that the welding gun mechanism 21 can maintain a stable welding posture and effective gun distance under different pitch angles and weld spatial positions, avoiding the problems of focus drift and energy density instability caused by welding distance fluctuations, thereby improving the consistency of penetration depth and weld formation quality of the curved weld of the workpiece during the rotary welding process.

[0035] The welding torch mechanism 21 can be a laser welding torch or an electron beam welding torch, both of which are existing technologies and are only cited here.

[0036] In this embodiment, as a preferred option, the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 includes a worm gear 221, a turbine gear 222, and a support cylinder 223. The outer surface of the turbine gear 222 meshes with the outer surface of the worm gear 221. The support cylinder 223 is fixedly connected to the end of the turbine gear 222 along a first direction, and its axis is perpendicular to the center of the turbine gear 222 along the first direction. The end face of the support cylinder 223 is slidably connected to the welding torch mechanism 21 through a through hole. The fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism 23 is fixedly connected to the support cylinder 223. On the surface, when the worm 221 rotates, it drives the turbine 222 to rotate around its center through meshing transmission, thereby converting the rotational motion of the worm 221 into the angular displacement output of the turbine 222. The support cylinder 223 is fixedly connected to the end of the turbine 222 along the first direction, so that the support cylinder 223 rotates synchronously with the turbine 222. At the same time, the centers of the support cylinder 223 and the turbine 222 are perpendicular to each other along the first direction, which means that the rotation of the support cylinder 223 and the rotation of the turbine 222 are concentric. Furthermore, the support cylinder 22... The end face of 3 has a through hole, through which the welding torch mechanism 21 can form a sliding connection with the support cylinder 223, allowing the welding torch mechanism 21 to extend and retract in the direction defined by the support cylinder 223. The support cylinder 223 rotates with the turbine 222, thereby driving the welding torch to pitch and swing. Therefore, the welding torch mechanism 21 can still maintain a coaxial guiding relationship with the support cylinder 223 during the pitch angle adjustment process, avoiding additional runout caused by angle adjustment. In addition, the support cylinder 223 can provide auxiliary support for the welding torch mechanism 21. The fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism 23 is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder 223, so that the position adjustment mechanism 23 participates in the pitch movement together with the support cylinder 223. The support cylinder 223 serves as the mounting base to compensate the position of the welding torch mechanism 21 along the extension direction, so that the welding torch mechanism 21 can not only adapt to the pitch adjustment required for curved welds, but also maintain a stable welding distance through extension and contraction compensation after pitch changes, and reduce the risk of interference with the surrounding structure of the vacuum welding chamber 11.

[0037] In this embodiment, as a preferred option, the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 further includes a first drive motor 224. The output end of the first drive motor 224 is fixedly connected to one end of the worm 221. The first drive motor 224 is used to drive the worm 221, causing the worm 221 to rotate and drive the meshing turbine 222 to rotate. The outer circular surface of the worm 221 meshes with the outer circular surface of the turbine 222. When the worm 221 rotates under the drive of the first drive motor 224, the helical tooth surface of the worm 221 continuously pushes the tooth surface of the turbine 222, thereby driving the turbine 222 to rotate around its center. The high-speed, low-torque output of the first drive motor 224 can be converted into the low-speed, high-torque rotational output of the turbine 222 through the worm 221. Since the meshing transmission between the worm 221 and the turbine 222 has a strong self-holding characteristic, when the first drive motor 224 stops outputting or holds its position, the turbine 222 is not prone to rotating back due to external disturbances or reverse load, which is beneficial to the stable maintenance of the pitch angle during the welding process.

[0038] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the position adjustment mechanism 23 includes an electric push rod 231. The fixed end of the electric push rod 231 is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder 223, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod 231 is fixedly connected to the end of the welding gun mechanism 21 located outside the support cylinder 223. The electric push rod 231 is connected in parallel in the circuit of the first drive motor 224. The electric push rod 231 is a known technology and can be an electric telescopic rod. It is only used here for reference. The purpose is to directly act on the welding gun mechanism 21 through the linear telescopic stroke of the electric push rod 231, so that the welding gun mechanism 21 extends or retracts along its own extension direction under the sliding guide provided by the through hole on the end face of the support cylinder 223. When the first drive motor 224 is driven to drive the worm gear 221 to rotate and drive the turbine 222 and the support cylinder 223 to rotate, the electric push rod 231 can obtain the action conditions synchronously with the power supply of the same circuit, thereby realizing the coordinated cooperation of pitch angle adjustment and axial telescopic compensation.

[0039] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, the superconducting cavity electron beam welding device further includes a lifting assembly 40. The lifting assembly 40 includes a lifting rod 41 and a support block 42. The lifting rod 41 can be an electrically telescopic rod, which is a known technology. The fixed end of the lifting rod 41 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the vacuum welding chamber 11. The support block 42 is fixedly connected to the lifting end of the lifting rod 41. The support block 42 has a support cavity. The worm gear 221 and the turbine gear 222 are both rotatably connected inside the support cavity. The first drive motor 224 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the support block 42, and the drive end penetrates into the support cavity and is fixedly connected to one end of the worm gear 221. The fixed end of the lifting rod 41... The lifting assembly 40 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the vacuum welding chamber 11, so that the top wall of the chamber serves as the force reference and forms a vertical lifting guide in the vacuum chamber. The bearing block 42 is fixedly connected to the lifting end of the lifting rod 41 and rises or falls as a whole with the lifting rod 41, thereby driving the pitch adjustment mechanism 22 installed on the bearing block 42 to adjust the height synchronously with the welding torch assembly 20. The bearing cavity opened in the bearing block 42 is used to accommodate and support the worm gear 221 and the turbine 222. The worm gear 221 and the turbine 222 are rotatably connected in the bearing cavity, which enables the worm gear 221 and the turbine 222 to maintain a stable corresponding rotation position during the lifting process.

[0040] In this embodiment, as a preferred option, the mounting assembly 10 includes a welding housing 12 and a rotary mechanism 13. The vacuum welding chamber 11 is formed on the welding housing 12. The rotary mechanism 13 includes a rotary table 131 and a rotary drive mechanism. The fixed end of the rotary drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber 11. The rotary table 131 is fixedly connected to the drive end of the rotary drive mechanism. The surface of the rotary table 131 is provided with a bearing position for placing the workpiece to be welded.

[0041] The fixed end of the rotary drive mechanism is fixedly connected inside the vacuum welding chamber 11, so that the rotary drive mechanism uses the inner wall of the chamber as a rigid support reference, and can stably output driving torque in a vacuum environment. The rotary table 131 is fixedly connected to the drive end of the rotary drive mechanism. The rotary drive mechanism can be a drive motor, specifically a stepper motor, which is a known technology. Therefore, the output rotational motion of the rotary drive mechanism can be directly transmitted to the rotary table 131, so that the rotary table 131 can rotate continuously or in sections around a preset rotation axis, thereby providing controlled rotational motion conditions for the workpiece to be welded. The surface of the rotary table 131 is provided with a bearing position for placing the workpiece to be welded (such as a superconducting cavity). A clamping mechanism can be provided on the bearing position to limit the installation position and attitude of the workpiece to be welded on the rotary table 131, so that the workpiece to be welded maintains a stable geometric relationship with respect to the rotation axis during rotation, which facilitates the formation of a continuous welding trajectory around the circumference of the cavity. The clamping mechanism is a known technology and is only cited here.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] Please see Figure 4 Based on Embodiment 1, except for the position adjustment mechanism 23, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1. The position adjustment mechanism 23 includes a second drive motor 232 and a crank rocker 233. The fixed end of the second drive motor 232 is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder 223, and the drive end of the second drive motor 232 is fixedly connected to the power input end of the crank rocker 233. The power output end of the crank rocker 233 is rotatably connected to the end of the welding torch mechanism 21 located outside the support cylinder 223. The second drive motor 232 is connected in parallel in the circuit of the first drive motor 224.

[0044] When the crank rocker arm 233 is in the initial position, that is, the welding torch mechanism 21 is horizontally positioned and the pitch angle is not adjusted, the welding torch mechanism 21 is in the second position. When the second drive motor 232 rotates forward or reverse, the crank rocker arm 233 operates, which can move the welding torch mechanism 21 from the second position to the first position. The distance moved is determined by the rotation angle of the power input end of the crank rocker arm 233. That is, when the welding torch mechanism 21 adjusts the pitch angle upward, the first drive motor 224 rotates forward, which causes one end of the welding torch mechanism 21 to tilt upward as the turbine 222 rotates. The second drive motor 232, which is connected in parallel with the first drive motor 224, rotates synchronously in the forward direction. At this time, the power output end of the crank rocker arm 233 pulls the welding torch mechanism 21 to move from the second position to the first position. When the pitch angle is adjusted to the preset position, the first drive motor 224 is de-energized and stops rotating. At this time, the second drive motor 232 is de-energized and stops rotating synchronously. The welding torch mechanism 21 is located between the second position and the first position.

[0045] When the weld curve of the workpiece changes and the welding torch mechanism 21 needs to be adjusted downwards to change its pitch angle, the first drive motor 224 reverses, causing one end of the welding torch mechanism 21 to fall downwards as the turbine 222 rotates. The second drive motor 232, connected in parallel with the first drive motor 224, rotates synchronously in the opposite direction. At this time, the power output end of the crank rocker arm 233 pulls the welding torch mechanism 21 from the first position to the second position until the crank rocker arm 233 is in the initial position, at which point the welding torch mechanism 21 is horizontal. At this point, the welding torch mechanism 21 needs to be adjusted downwards to change its pitch angle. 1. When the angle is adjusted downward relative to the horizontal position, the second drive motor 232 and the first drive motor 224 remain in reverse. At this time, the crank rocker arm 233 continues to operate in reverse relative to the initial position due to the reverse rotation of the second drive motor 232. The power output end of the crank rocker arm 233 pulls the welding torch mechanism 21 from the second position to the first position. When the pitch angle is adjusted to the preset position, the first drive motor 224 is de-energized and stops rotating. At this time, the second drive motor 232 is de-energized and stops rotating simultaneously. The welding torch mechanism 21 is located between the second position and the first position.

[0046] Both the first drive motor 224 and the second drive motor 232 are stepper motors or brushless motors, which can be variable speed or graded constant speed. These are existing known technologies and are only cited here.

[0047] Specifically, the second drive motor 232 can continuously reverse, while the welding torch mechanism 21 will not continue to move from the first position to the second position due to the reverse rotation of the second drive motor 232. Instead, it will remain in the second position when in a horizontal position. Subsequently, when adjusting the pitch angle downwards, there is no need to stop the second drive motor 232. The second drive motor 232 can continue to reverse along with the first drive motor 224. After the welding torch mechanism 21 moves to the second position, it will move back to the first position. Similarly, when the welding torch mechanism 21 needs to be rotated from downwards to upwards, there is no need to stop the machine, and the angle can be continuously adjusted without complex control logic, which can be combined with continuous adjustment. The angle changes continuously, and the position of the welding torch mechanism 21 extends or retracts, realizing continuous, smooth and coordinated adjustment of the welding posture. The second drive motor 232 is connected in parallel with the first drive motor 224 to ensure automatic synchronization of pitch adjustment and position compensation. The special configuration of the crank rocker arm allows the welding torch mechanism 21 to move along the same trajectory (towards the first position) regardless of whether the second drive motor 232 rotates forward or backward. Thus, when the pitch angle changes continuously, the extension length of the welding torch mechanism 21 can be adaptively adjusted without stopping the machine to switch, which simplifies the control logic, eliminates the direction switching gap, improves the response speed and accuracy of tracking complex welds, and improves the reliability and continuity of the welding process.

[0048] In this embodiment, as a preferred option, the crank rocker arm component 233 includes a drive rod 2331 and a transmission rod 2332. One end of the drive rod 2331 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor 232, and the other end of the drive rod 2331 is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod 2332. The other end of the transmission rod 2332 is rotatably connected to the end of the welding torch mechanism 21 located outside the support cylinder 223. The drive rod 2331, as the driving member, has one end fixed to the output shaft of the second drive motor 232, directly converting the continuous rotary motion of the motor into circular motion with the motor shaft as the center. The other end is rotatably connected to the transmission rod 2332 (i.e., it can also be understood as a hinge). The transmission rod 2332, as the driven member and connecting rod, receives the circular motion of the drive rod 2331 and converts it into its own rotational motion. The planar motion of the other end (i.e., the hinge point with the welding torch mechanism 21) is ultimately output as the reciprocating displacement of the welding torch mechanism 21 along the direction of the support cylinder 223, thereby realizing position compensation for the extension or retraction of the welding torch mechanism 21. When the welding torch mechanism 21 is in a horizontal state (second position), regardless of whether the second drive motor 232 rotates forward or backward, the drive rod 2331 pushes the transmission rod 2332 to move, which will cause the end of the welding torch mechanism 21 to move from the second position to the first position. This makes it possible for the rotation direction of the second drive motor 232 to be matched with the displacement direction in a complex manner, so that when the pitch angle is adjusted upward or downward, the welding torch mechanism 21 can automatically perform adaptive position compensation in the same direction (towards the first position), thereby achieving continuous and smooth coordinated motion without stopping to switch directions.

[0049] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, a reduction gearbox is provided at the output end of the second drive motor 232. The output end of the second drive motor 232 is fixedly connected to the end of the drive rod 2331 away from the transmission rod 2332 through the reduction gearbox. The reduction gearbox can also be understood as a gearbox, both of which are existing technologies and are only cited here. This can convert the high-speed, low-torque output of the second drive motor 232 into a low-speed, high-torque output suitable for driving the crank-rocker mechanism, ensuring that the drive rod 2331 can obtain sufficient and stable traction force to overcome motion resistance and accurately control the position movement of the welding torch mechanism 21. By reducing the movement speed of the final output end, the movement of the entire position compensation mechanism is made more stable and controllable, avoiding Because direct drive of the motor may produce excessively fast movements or impacts, the precision and stability during fine-tuning are improved. By changing or adjusting the gearbox's transmission ratio, the overall motion speed and output characteristics of the crank-rocker mechanism can be changed (specifically, the rotation angle of the drive rod 2331 can be controlled according to the rotation speed, thereby obtaining the length that the welding torch mechanism 21 needs to extend for different welded parts). This allows it to adapt to welded parts of different specifications and welding process requirements. At the same time, for precision welds that require fine, slow compensation, a gearbox with a larger transmission ratio can be selected to achieve slower and more precise displacement. For applications requiring rapid response, a configuration with a smaller transmission ratio can be selected.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A superconducting cavity electron beam welding device, characterized in that: It includes an installation assembly (10) with a vacuum welding chamber (11), a welding torch assembly (20) located in the vacuum welding chamber (11), and a detection and control assembly (30). The welding torch assembly (20) includes a welding torch mechanism (21), a pitch adjustment mechanism (22), and a position adjustment mechanism (23). The fixed end of the pitch adjustment mechanism (22) is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber (11), the fixed end of the position adjustment mechanism (23) is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the pitch adjustment mechanism (22), and the welding torch mechanism (21) is fixedly connected to the adjustment end of the position adjustment mechanism (23). The welding torch mechanism (21) is provided with a first position and a second position along the extension direction, and the position adjustment mechanism (23) is used to adjust the position of the welding torch mechanism (21) between the first position and the second position. The detection control component (30) is used to detect the weld position of the workpiece to be welded in real time, and control the pitch adjustment mechanism (22) to adjust the pitch angle based on the detected weld position. The pitch adjustment mechanism (22) includes a worm (221), a worm wheel (222), and a support cylinder (223). The outer circular surface of the worm wheel (222) meshes with the outer circular surface of the worm (221). The support cylinder (223) is fixedly connected to the end of the worm wheel (222) along a first direction, and its axis is perpendicular to the center of the worm wheel (222) along the first direction. The end face of the support cylinder (223) is slidably connected to the welding torch mechanism (21) through a through hole. The pitch adjustment mechanism (22) further includes a first drive motor (224), the output end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the worm gear (221); The position adjustment mechanism (23) includes a second drive motor (232) and a crank rocker arm (233). The fixed end of the second drive motor (232) is fixedly connected to the surface of the support cylinder (223). The drive end of the second drive motor (232) is fixedly connected to the power input end of the crank rocker arm (233). The power output end of the crank rocker arm (233) is rotatably connected to the end of the welding torch mechanism (21) located outside the support cylinder (223). The second drive motor (232) is connected in parallel in the circuit of the first drive motor (224).

2. The superconducting cavity electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank rocker arm (233) includes a drive rod (2331) and a transmission rod (2332). One end of the drive rod (2331) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor (232), and the other end of the drive rod (2331) is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod (2332). The other end of the transmission rod (2332) is rotatably connected to the end of the welding torch mechanism (21) located outside the support cylinder (223).

3. The superconducting cavity electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the second drive motor (232) is provided with a reduction gearbox, and the output end of the second drive motor (232) is fixedly connected to the end of the drive rod (2331) away from the transmission rod (2332) through the reduction gearbox.

4. The superconducting cavity electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a lifting assembly (40), which includes a lifting rod (41) and a support block (42). The fixed end of the lifting rod (41) is fixedly connected to the top wall of the vacuum welding chamber (11). The support block (42) is fixedly connected to the lifting end of the lifting rod (41). The support block (42) has a support cavity. The worm (221) and worm wheel (222) are rotatably connected in the support cavity. The first drive motor (224) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the support block (42), and the drive end passes through the support cavity and is fixedly connected to one end of the worm (221).

5. The superconducting cavity electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting assembly (10) includes a welding housing (12) and a rotary mechanism (13). The vacuum welding chamber (11) is opened on the welding housing (12). The rotary mechanism (13) includes a rotary table (131) and a rotary drive mechanism. The fixed end of the rotary drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the vacuum welding chamber (11). The rotary table (131) is fixedly connected to the drive end of the rotary drive mechanism. The surface of the rotary table (131) is provided with a bearing position for placing the workpiece to be welded.

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