Vertical self-protection multi-power-head shaft end milling and drilling machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool machining, and provides a vertical self-protection multi-power-head shaft end milling and drilling machine tool which comprises a rack and further comprises a clamping mechanism, a Z-axis moving mechanism, an upper machining mechanism and a lower machining mechanism. The clamping mechanism is used for clamping a workpiece, and the lower machining mechanism is located below the Z-axis moving mechanism. The Z-axis moving mechanism is configured to synchronously drive the clamping mechanism and the upper machining mechanism to conduct downward feeding along the Z axis while the upper machining mechanism conducts machining on the workpiece. After the upper machining mechanism completes machining and retreats from the workpiece, the lower machining mechanism machines the workpiece in the state that the Z-axis moving mechanism continues to move downwards, and therefore continuous machining of the upper end and the lower end of the workpiece is achieved. According to the vertical self-protection multi-power-head shaft end milling and drilling machine tool, the clamping mechanism and the upper machining mechanism are integrally arranged on the Z-axis moving mechanism, and the lower machining mechanism is fixed to the lower portion of the rack, so that machining of the upper end and the lower end of a workpiece is integrated on the same machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of machine tool processing, specifically to a vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine. Background Technology

[0002] As a key core component that integrates high strength, high precision, high balance and high reliability, the compressor crankshaft has a complex manufacturing process and extremely high requirements for machining accuracy.

[0003] Traditional machining processes typically involve multiple machines and multiple setups: First, the outer cylindrical surface of one end of the crankshaft needs to be milled and the center positioning hole needs to be machined on a machining center; then, the workpiece is transferred to another machining center of the same specifications to mill the outer cylindrical surface of the other end and machine the center positioning hole; finally, it needs to be transferred to a third special machine tool to complete the drilling of the center through hole.

[0004] This discrete process arrangement leads to high production costs and low production efficiency. More importantly, the multiple transfers and repeated clamping of the workpiece between machine tools inevitably introduce secondary positioning errors, which directly affect the final coaxiality, positional accuracy, and other key geometric tolerances of the crankshaft, thus restricting the improvement of the overall precision and consistency of the product.

[0005] In addition, some existing horizontal machine tools have two opposing machining mechanisms, which results in a large machine tool footprint. Moreover, the synchronous movement of the two opposing machining mechanisms makes the machine tool transmission mechanism complex.

[0006] Therefore, further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention proposes a vertical self-protecting multi-power head spindle end milling and drilling machine. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head spindle end milling and drilling machine integrates the clamping mechanism and the upper machining mechanism on the Z-axis moving mechanism, and fixes the lower machining mechanism at the lower position of the machine frame, so as to realize the integration of machining of the upper and lower ends of the workpiece on the same machine tool. The clamping mechanism, the upper machining mechanism, and the Z-axis moving mechanism are respectively arranged vertically opposite to the lower machining mechanism to form a vertical machine tool, reducing the horizontal space occupied by the machine tool.

[0008] A vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool designed for this purpose includes a frame, as well as a clamping mechanism, a Z-axis moving mechanism, an upper machining mechanism and a lower machining mechanism; The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the workpiece. The upper machining mechanism and the clamping mechanism are arranged vertically on the Z-axis moving mechanism, and the lower machining mechanism is located below the Z-axis moving mechanism. The Z-axis moving mechanism is configured to simultaneously drive the clamping mechanism and the upper machining mechanism to feed downward along the Z-axis while the upper machining mechanism is machining the workpiece. After the upper machining mechanism completes machining and exits the workpiece, the lower machining mechanism continues to machine the workpiece while the Z-axis moving mechanism continues to move downward, thereby realizing continuous machining of the upper and lower ends of the workpiece.

[0009] The Z-axis moving mechanism is equipped with an X-axis moving module, and the clamping mechanism is set on the X-axis moving module. A third processing mechanism is provided on the side of the frame corresponding to the lower processing mechanism. After the current machining mechanism completes the machining and removes the workpiece, the X-axis moving module moves the workpiece to the position above the corresponding third machining mechanism. Then, the Z-axis moving mechanism moves the workpiece downward, and the third machining mechanism processes the workpiece.

[0010] The clamping mechanism is provided with two or more clamping stations for clamping workpieces, and the upper processing mechanism and the lower processing mechanism are each provided with two or more. During processing, two or more workpieces are simultaneously clamped on the clamping mechanism. Each workpiece is processed sequentially by the upper and lower processing mechanisms. Each workpiece is then moved sequentially by the X-axis moving module to the position above the corresponding third processing mechanism for further processing. This allows for the simultaneous and continuous processing of two or more workpieces on the same machine tool without the need for repeated clamping.

[0011] The upper processing mechanism, lower processing mechanism and third processing mechanism are respectively equipped with cutting tools for processing workpieces. Each cutting tool is detachably installed on the upper processing mechanism, lower processing mechanism and third processing mechanism to replace the corresponding cutting tool according to the processing technology of the workpiece.

[0012] The frame is equipped with a first limit switch for detecting the travel position of the Z-axis moving mechanism, and the Z-axis moving mechanism is equipped with a second limit switch for detecting the travel position of the X-axis moving module.

[0013] Both the lower processing mechanism and the third processing mechanism include a linkage component, a lower power head, and a lower motor located at the lower part of the frame. The lower power head is equipped with a cutting tool and is fixedly connected to the linkage component. The motor shaft of the lower motor is connected to the linkage component for transmission. A protective cover is provided on the outside of the lower power head to prevent liquid from entering the lower power head and the lower motor. The protective cover covers the outer periphery of the lower power head and the upper outer periphery of the linkage component. The lower power head is provided with a sealing end cap for sealing the tool mounting area, and the tool is detachably mounted on the lower power head.

[0014] The X-axis moving module includes an X-axis moving block, a first nut sleeve, a mounting base, an X-axis guide rail assembly, a first lead screw, and an X-axis motor. The X-axis guide rail assembly and the first lead screw are both mounted on the mounting base. The first lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the X-axis motor. The first nut sleeve is threaded onto the first lead screw. The clamping mechanism, the first nut sleeve, and the slider of the X-axis guide rail assembly are respectively fixedly connected to the X-axis moving block. During machining, the X-axis motor drives the first lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the X-axis moving block and clamping mechanism to reciprocate along the X-axis guide rail assembly via the first nut sleeve.

[0015] The Z-axis moving mechanism is equipped with a Z-axis moving module, which is connected to the upper processing mechanism to drive the upper processing mechanism to move closer to or away from the workpiece along the Z-axis. The Z-axis movement module includes a fixed base, a protective cover, a first Z-axis motor, and a Z-axis movement block. The first Z-axis motor is driven by the Z-axis moving block, and the upper machining mechanism is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving block. The Z-axis moving block and its transmission components with the first Z-axis motor are encapsulated in the fixed seat by a protective cover. The Z-axis moving block is slidably connected to the protective cover so that the protective cover has a protective effect without affecting the up-and-down movement of the upper machining mechanism along the Z-axis.

[0016] The fixed base has a first locking flange at the opening position, the protective cover has a second locking flange, the Z-axis moving block has a first slot limited on the first locking flange, a second slot limited on the second locking flange, and a connecting block for connecting the upper processing mechanism. The connecting block extends laterally along the outer side of the protective cover, and there is a gap at the connection position between the upper processing mechanism and the connecting block that moves relative to the protective cover. The Z-axis movement module also includes a second lead screw, a second nut sleeve, and a first Z-axis guide rail assembly; the second lead screw, the second nut sleeve, and the first Z-axis guide rail assembly are all installed in a fixed base; The second nut sleeve is threadedly connected to the second lead screw, and the second nut sleeve is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving block. The Z-axis moving block is provided with an inner connecting part for connecting the slider of the first Z-axis guide rail assembly; the output shaft of the first Z-axis motor is connected to the second lead screw. During processing, the first Z-axis motor drives the second lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the Z-axis moving block and the upper processing mechanism to reciprocate along the first Z-axis guide rail assembly via the second nut sleeve.

[0017] The Z-axis moving mechanism includes a second Z-axis motor, a second Z-axis guide rail assembly, a third lead screw, a Z-axis moving plate, and a third nut sleeve; the output shaft of the second Z-axis motor is connected to the third lead screw, the third nut sleeve is threadedly connected to the third lead screw, and the third nut sleeve, the fixed seat, the clamping mechanism, and the slider of the second Z-axis guide rail assembly are respectively fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving plate; During processing, the second Z-axis motor drives the third lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the Z-axis moving plate, Z-axis moving module, upper processing mechanism, and clamping mechanism to reciprocate along the second Z-axis guide rail assembly via the third nut sleeve. The clamping mechanism includes a fixed block, a clamping block and a clamping cylinder. The piston rod of the clamping cylinder is fixedly connected to the clamping block to drive the clamping block to move closer to or away from the fixed block, thereby releasing or clamping the workpiece. The upper processing mechanism includes a base, a transmission box, an upper power head, an upper motor, and a sleeve; the sleeve and the Z-axis moving block are fixedly connected to the base, the upper power head is rotatably disposed inside the sleeve, the upper motor is driven by the upper power head, and the transmission box is used to encapsulate and protect the transmission connection components between the upper motor and the upper power head. Transmission connection components include synchronous belt pulley sets, gear reduction sets, or worm gear transmission sets; The workpiece is a compressor crankshaft. The compressor crankshaft is drilled and / or milled on the outer periphery by the upper machining mechanism, and it is also drilled and / or milled on the outer periphery by the lower machining mechanism.

[0018] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine integrates the clamping mechanism and upper machining mechanism onto the Z-axis moving mechanism, while fixing the lower machining mechanism at the lower part of the frame. This allows for the integrated machining of both ends of the workpiece on the same machine tool. The clamping mechanism, upper machining mechanism, and Z-axis moving mechanism are arranged vertically opposite to the lower machining mechanism, forming a vertical machine tool. This reduces the lateral space occupied by the machine tool, and the lower machining mechanism eliminates the moving mechanism, simplifying machine tool components and machining operations. During upper machining, the Z-axis moving mechanism synchronously drives the clamping mechanism and upper machining mechanism to feed downwards along the Z-axis, followed by the lower machining mechanism. This eliminates the need for multiple equipment transfers and multiple workpiece clamping, avoiding secondary positioning errors introduced by multiple clamping. It significantly improves the coaxiality, positional accuracy, and other key geometric tolerances of workpieces such as crankshafts, ensuring product consistency. At the same time, the continuous machining mode greatly improves production efficiency and solves many drawbacks of traditional discrete processes.

[0019] By incorporating a third machining mechanism on one side of the lower machining mechanism of the machine tool, after the lower machining mechanism completes its processing, the axis moving module moves the workpiece to the top of the third machining mechanism. The Z-axis moving mechanism then drives the workpiece downwards for subsequent processing. This design further expands the machine tool's processing capabilities, eliminating the need to transfer the workpiece to other dedicated machine tools, enabling integrated multi-process machining and shortening the production flow. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for repeated clamping throughout the process, continuously mitigating positioning errors, ensuring stable machining accuracy, and reducing workpiece transfer time and manpower input, further improving production efficiency and meeting complex machining requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the disassembled assembly of the Z-axis moving plate and the third lead screw according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a Z-axis moving plate with a third nut sleeve on its back, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a machining mechanism, clamping mechanism and Z-axis moving module mounted on a Z-axis moving plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the screw assembly of the clamping mechanism and the X-axis moving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention showing the fixed connection between the X-axis moving block and the first nut sleeve.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the Z-axis moving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram showing the assembly and disassembly of the upper machining mechanism and the Z-axis moving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly structure of the upper machining mechanism and the Z-axis moving module from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the frame according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0033] See Figures 1-12 A vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool includes a frame 1, a clamping mechanism 2, a Z-axis moving mechanism 3, an upper machining mechanism 4, and a lower machining mechanism 5; The clamping mechanism 2 is used to clamp the workpiece 6. The upper processing mechanism 4 and the clamping mechanism 2 are arranged vertically on the Z-axis moving mechanism 3, and the lower processing mechanism 5 is located below the Z-axis moving mechanism 3. The Z-axis moving mechanism 3 is configured to simultaneously drive the clamping mechanism 2 and the upper processing mechanism 4 to feed downward along the Z-axis while the upper processing mechanism 4 processes the workpiece 6. After the upper machining mechanism 4 completes machining and exits the workpiece 6, the lower machining mechanism 5 continues to machine the workpiece 6 while the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 continues to move downward, thereby realizing continuous machining of the upper and lower ends of the workpiece 6.

[0034] The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine integrates the clamping mechanism 2 and the upper machining mechanism 4 onto the Z-axis moving mechanism 3, and fixes the lower machining mechanism 5 at the lower part of the frame 1. This allows for the integrated machining of both ends of the workpiece 6 onto the same machine tool. The clamping mechanism 2, the upper machining mechanism 4, and the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 are respectively arranged vertically opposite to the lower machining mechanism 5, forming a vertical machine tool. This reduces the lateral space occupied by the machine tool. The lower machining mechanism 5 eliminates the need for a moving mechanism, simplifying the machine tool components and machining operations. When the upper machining mechanism 4 is machining, the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 simultaneously drives the clamping mechanism 2 and the upper machining mechanism 4 to feed downwards along the Z-axis. Subsequently, the lower machining mechanism 5 continues machining. This eliminates the need for multiple equipment transfers and multiple clamping of the workpiece 6, avoiding secondary positioning errors introduced by multiple clamping. It significantly improves the coaxiality, positional accuracy, and other key geometric tolerances of workpieces such as crankshafts, ensuring product machining consistency. At the same time, the continuous machining mode greatly improves production efficiency and solves many drawbacks of traditional discrete processes.

[0035] The Z-axis moving mechanism 3 is provided with an X-axis moving module 7, the clamping mechanism 2 is provided on the X-axis moving module 7, and the frame 1 is provided with a third processing mechanism 8 on the side corresponding to the lower processing mechanism 5. After the current processing mechanism 5 completes processing and removes the workpiece 6, the X-axis moving module 7 moves the workpiece 6 to the position above the corresponding third processing mechanism 8. Then, the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 moves the workpiece 6 downward, and the third processing mechanism 8 processes the workpiece.

[0036] After the lower machining mechanism 5 completes its processing, the X-axis moving module 7 moves the workpiece 6 above the third machining mechanism 8, and the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 drives the workpiece 6 downward to achieve subsequent processing. This design further expands the machine tool's processing capabilities, eliminating the need to transfer the workpiece 6 to other dedicated machine tools, enabling integrated processing of multiple processes and shortening the production flow. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for repeated clamping throughout the process, continuously avoiding positioning errors, ensuring stable processing accuracy, and reducing workpiece 6 transfer time and manpower input, further improving production efficiency and meeting complex processing requirements.

[0037] The clamping mechanism 2 is provided with two or more clamping stations for clamping the workpiece 6, and the upper processing mechanism 4 and the lower processing mechanism 5 are each provided with two or more. During processing, two or more workpieces 6 are simultaneously clamped on the clamping mechanism 2. Each workpiece 6 is processed sequentially by the upper processing mechanism 4 and the lower processing mechanism 5. Each workpiece 6 is then moved sequentially by the X-axis moving module 7 to the position above the corresponding third processing mechanism 8 for further processing. This allows for the simultaneous and continuous processing of two or more workpieces 6 on the same machine tool without the need for repeated clamping of the workpieces 6.

[0038] The multiple clamping stations of clamping mechanism 2 and the multiple sets of upper and lower machining mechanisms 4 and 5 can support the simultaneous clamping and continuous processing of at least two workpieces 6. After each workpiece 6 is processed sequentially by the upper and lower machining mechanisms 4 and 5, it is moved one by one to the third machining mechanism 8 via the X-axis movement module 7 to complete the subsequent processes. The entire process eliminates the need for multiple clamping operations, reducing clamping time and labor intensity, and avoiding accuracy deviations caused by repeated clamping, ensuring the consistency of processing multiple workpieces 6. The collaboration of multiple stations and multiple machining mechanisms significantly increases the processing volume per unit time, substantially improves production efficiency, and reduces the processing cost per unit, making it suitable for mass production scenarios.

[0039] The upper machining mechanism 4, lower machining mechanism 5, and third machining mechanism 8 are each equipped with cutting tools for machining the workpiece 6. Each cutting tool is detachably mounted on the upper machining mechanism 4, lower machining mechanism 5, and third machining mechanism 8, allowing for replacement of the corresponding cutting tool according to the machining process of the workpiece 6. The cutting tools include drill bits, milling cutters, etc.

[0040] The cutting tools of the upper machining mechanism 4, lower machining mechanism 5, and third machining mechanism 8 are detachable, allowing for flexible tool replacement according to different machining processes of the compressor crankshaft. No machine tool or dedicated machining module needs need to be changed; different machining requirements such as drilling and peripheral milling can be achieved simply by changing the cutting tools, enhancing the machine tool's versatility and adaptability. The detachable connection between the cutting tool and the tool head (power head) is existing technology and will not be detailed here.

[0041] The frame 1 is provided with a first limit switch for detecting the travel position of the Z-axis moving mechanism 3, and the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 is provided with a second limit switch for detecting the travel position of the X-axis moving module 7.

[0042] The first limit switch detects the travel position of the Z-axis moving mechanism 3, and the second limit switch detects the travel position of the X-axis moving module 7, enabling precise control of their travel. This prevents damage to the clamping mechanism 2, machining mechanism, or workpiece 6 due to overtravel, ensuring the safety and stability of equipment operation. Precise travel limits ensure the positioning accuracy of each mechanism during machining, guaranteeing machining accuracy, preventing travel deviations from affecting product quality, reducing scrap rates, and improving the reliability and controllability of the production process. Since the machining processes of workpiece 6 vary in different batches, the installation position of the limit switches on the machine tool can be adjusted (through several spaced fixing holes or a strip-shaped slot). This adjustment mainly targets the first limit switch, as the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 has a downward feed process, and this downward feed displacement needs to be adjusted. Before mass production of workpiece 6, adjustment is required to check whether the dimensions of workpiece 6 meet the process standards during the adjustment machining process.

[0043] Both the lower processing mechanism 5 and the third processing mechanism 8 include a linkage 9, a lower power head 10 and a lower motor 11 located at the lower part of the frame 1; The lower power head 10 is equipped with a cutting tool and is fixedly connected to the linkage 9. The motor shaft of the lower motor 11 is connected to the linkage 9 for transmission. The lower power head 10 is provided with a protective cover 12 to prevent liquid from entering the lower power head 10 and the lower motor 11. The protective cover 12 covers the outer periphery of the lower power head 10 and the upper outer periphery of the linkage 9. The lower power head 10 is equipped with a sealing end cap 13 on its upper part for sealing the tool mounting area, and the tool is detachably mounted on the lower power head 10. The lower shaft end of the linkage 9 is connected to the main servo motor (lower motor 11) via a coupling. The upper end of the lower power head 10 is provided with an inner tapered hole, which can be used to clamp different milling and drilling tools as needed to complete the required end face milling and drilling operations.

[0044] The lower machining mechanism 5 and the third machining mechanism 8 are driven by the lower motor 11 to operate the tool of the linkage 9 and the lower power head 10. The protective cover 12 covers the outer periphery of the lower power head 10 and the upper outer periphery of the linkage 9, and the sealing end cover 13 seals the tool mounting area. This effectively prevents cutting fluid, iron filings, and other liquid impurities from entering the lower power head 10 and the lower motor 11 during machining, ensuring the stability and service life of the mechanism, and reducing maintenance frequency and costs.

[0045] The upper outer periphery of the linkage 9 is provided with a connecting seat, which is fixedly connected to the frame 1. The connecting seat has an inner cavity, and the linkage 9 is installed in the inner cavity and extends out of the connecting seat. The connecting seat presses down on the linkage 9, so that the linkage 9 can rotate stably during rotation. The protective cover 12 also covers the connecting seat.

[0046] The lower part of the frame 1 is provided with a receiving chamber 101 for receiving cutting fluid and a storage chamber 102 for storing cutting fluid. A filter screen is provided on the upper part of the storage chamber 102. During the processing, the water pump 15 draws liquid from the storage chamber 102 to cool the cutting tool and the workpiece 6. Then, the liquid and iron filings slide from the receiving chamber 101 onto the storage chamber 102. The filter screen prevents iron filings from entering the storage chamber 102, thus realizing the recycling of cutting fluid.

[0047] The X-axis moving module 7 includes an X-axis moving block 701, a first nut sleeve 702, a mounting base 703, an X-axis guide rail assembly 704, a first lead screw 705, and an X-axis motor 706. The X-axis guide rail assembly 704 and the first lead screw 705 are both mounted on the mounting base 703. The first lead screw 705 is connected to the output shaft of the X-axis motor 706. The first nut sleeve 702 is threaded onto the first lead screw 705. The clamping mechanism 2, the first nut sleeve 702, and the slider of the X-axis guide rail assembly 704 are respectively fixedly connected to the X-axis moving block 701. During machining, the X-axis motor 706 drives the first lead screw 705 to rotate, which in turn drives the X-axis moving block 701 and the clamping mechanism 2 to reciprocate along the X-axis guide rail assembly 704 via the first nut sleeve 702.

[0048] The X-axis movement module 7 drives the first lead screw 705 to rotate via the X-axis motor 706. This, in conjunction with the first nut sleeve 702 and the X-axis guide rail assembly 704 (where the X-axis guide rail assembly 704 constrains the first nut sleeve 702 to only perform linear motion), drives the X-axis moving block 701 and the clamping mechanism 2 to move smoothly back and forth. The combination of lead screw drive and guide rail ensures the smoothness and positioning accuracy of the movement process, guaranteeing the accurate alignment of the workpiece 6 with the third processing mechanism 8 after displacement, laying the foundation for subsequent processing accuracy. The transmission structure is simple and reliable, enabling rapid and precise displacement of the workpiece 6, reducing process changeover time, improving overall production efficiency, and adapting to the high-frequency displacement requirements of batch processing.

[0049] The Z-axis moving mechanism 3 is provided with a Z-axis moving module 14, which is connected to the upper processing mechanism 4 to drive the upper processing mechanism 4 to move closer to or further away from the workpiece 6 along the Z-axis. The Z-axis moving module 14 includes a fixed base 1401, a protective cover 1407, a first Z-axis motor 1403, and a Z-axis moving block 1405. The first Z-axis motor 1403 is connected to the Z-axis moving block 1405 for transmission. The upper machining mechanism 4 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving block 1405. The Z-axis moving block 1405 and its transmission components with the first Z-axis motor 1403 are encapsulated in the fixed base 1401 by the protective cover 1407. The Z-axis moving block 1405 is slidably connected to the protective cover 1407 so that the protective cover 1407 has a protective effect without affecting the upper machining mechanism 4 moving up and down along the Z-axis.

[0050] The Z-axis moving module 14 drives the second lead screw 1402 via the first Z-axis motor 1403, which in turn moves the Z-axis moving block 1405 and the upper machining mechanism 4 along the first Z-axis guide rail assembly 1404. The protective cover 1407 encapsulates the transmission components within the fixed base 1401. The protective cover 1407 prevents cutting fluid, metal shavings, and other debris from contaminating the transmission components, ensuring transmission accuracy and the lifespan of the mechanism. The sliding connection between the Z-axis moving block 1405 and the protective cover 1407 provides effective protection without affecting the vertical movement of the upper machining mechanism 4. The structural design is reasonable, and the cooperation between the lead screw and the guide rail ensures the feed accuracy of the upper machining mechanism 4, guaranteeing machining quality.

[0051] The fixed base 1401 has a first locking flange 1408 at the opening position, the protective cover 1407 has a second locking flange 1411, the Z-axis moving block 1405 has a first slot 1409 limited on the first locking flange 1408, a second slot 1410 limited on the second locking flange 1411, and a connecting block 1412 for connecting the upper processing mechanism 4. The connecting block 1412 extends laterally along the outside of the protective cover 1407, and there is a gap at the connection position between the upper processing mechanism 4 and the connecting block 1412 that moves relative to the protective cover 1407. The Z-axis moving module 14 also includes a second lead screw 1402, a second nut sleeve 1406, and a first Z-axis guide rail assembly 1404; the second lead screw 1402, the second nut sleeve 1406, and the first Z-axis guide rail assembly 1404 are all installed in the fixed base 1401; The second nut sleeve 1406 is threadedly connected to the second lead screw 1402, and the second nut sleeve 1406 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving block 1405. The Z-axis moving block 1405 is provided with an inner connecting part 1413 for connecting the slider of the first Z-axis guide rail assembly 1404; the output shaft of the first Z-axis motor 1403 is connected to the second lead screw 1402. During processing, the first Z-axis motor 1403 drives the second lead screw 1402 to rotate, and through the second nut sleeve 1406, it drives the Z-axis moving block 1405 and the upper processing mechanism 4 to reciprocate along the first Z-axis guide rail assembly 1404.

[0052] The Z-axis moving mechanism 3, driven by the second Z-axis motor 301 and the third lead screw 303, smoothly moves the Z-axis moving plate 304 and related components. In conjunction with the Z-axis moving module 14, it achieves precise feeding of the upper machining mechanism 4 and synchronous displacement of the clamping mechanism 2. This ensures that during the machining process of the upper machining mechanism 4, the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 simultaneously drives the clamping mechanism 2 to operate synchronously with the upper machining mechanism 4. This dual Z-axis transmission structure design not only guarantees the machining feed accuracy of the upper machining mechanism 4 on the workpiece 6, but also achieves precise alignment of the workpiece 6 driven by the clamping mechanism 2 with the lower machining mechanism 5 and the third machining mechanism 8, significantly improving machining accuracy.

[0053] The Z-axis moving mechanism 3 includes a second Z-axis motor 301, a second Z-axis guide rail assembly 302, a third lead screw 303, a Z-axis moving plate 304, and a third nut sleeve 305; the output shaft of the second Z-axis motor 301 is connected to the third lead screw 303, the third nut sleeve 305 is threadedly connected to the third lead screw 303, and the third nut sleeve 305, the fixed seat 1401, the clamping mechanism 2, and the slider of the second Z-axis guide rail assembly 302 are respectively fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving plate 304; During processing, the second Z-axis motor 301 drives the third lead screw 303 to rotate, and through the third nut sleeve 305, it drives the Z-axis moving plate 304, Z-axis moving module 14, upper processing mechanism 4, and clamping mechanism 2 to reciprocate along the second Z-axis guide rail assembly 302. The clamping mechanism 2 includes a fixed block 201, a clamping block 202 and a clamping cylinder 203. The piston rod of the clamping cylinder 203 is fixedly connected to the clamping block 202 to drive the clamping block 202 to move closer to or away from the fixed block 201, thereby releasing or clamping the workpiece 6. The upper processing mechanism 4 includes a base 401, a transmission box 402, an upper power head 403, an upper motor 404, and a sleeve 405; the sleeve 405 and the Z-axis moving block 1405 are fixedly connected to the base 401, the upper power head 403 is rotatably disposed in the sleeve 405, the upper motor 404 is connected to the upper power head 403 in a transmission connection, and the transmission box 402 is used to encapsulate and protect the transmission connection components between the upper motor 404 and the upper power head 403; The sleeve 405 is equipped with a coupling, which is rotatably connected inside the sleeve 405 and connected to the upper power head 403. One end of the coupling is connected to the drive shaft, which is connected to the transmission component in the transmission box 402. The sleeve 405 is equipped with a coupling cover corresponding to the coupling. The coupling cover is installed on the sleeve 405 by snap-fit ​​or screw, which facilitates the adjustment and inspection of the coupling operation.

[0054] The transmission connection components include a synchronous belt pulley set, a gear reduction set, or a worm gear transmission set; the upper power head 403 is driven to operate by the upper motor 404.

[0055] Workpiece 6 is a compressor crankshaft. The compressor crankshaft is drilled and / or milled on the outer periphery by the upper machining mechanism 4, and is also drilled and / or milled on the outer periphery by the lower machining mechanism 5.

[0056] The clamping mechanism 2 drives the clamping block 202 to cooperate with the fixed block 201 via the clamping cylinder 203, enabling the workpiece 6 to be quickly clamped and released. This operation is convenient and efficient, reducing clamping time. The upper machining mechanism 4 uses a transmission box 402 to encapsulate the transmission connection components, providing protection. Multiple transmission methods, such as synchronous belt pulleys and gear reduction sets, are available to adapt to different machining speeds and torque requirements, ensuring stable and reliable power transmission. For the machining design of the compressor crankshaft, drilling and peripheral milling at both ends can be achieved through the upper machining mechanism 4 and the lower machining mechanism 5, respectively, meeting the core machining requirements of the crankshaft. The overall structure has a high degree of integration, with all components working together to ensure machining accuracy while improving machining efficiency and equipment applicability.

[0057] The work process is as follows: First, the operator clamps the compressor crankshaft to be processed by cooperating the clamping block 202 driven by the clamping cylinder 203 with the fixing block 201 of the clamping mechanism 2 to complete the clamping and fixing. Each clamping station clamps and fixes the workpiece 6. After the corresponding button is pressed, the second Z-axis motor 301 of the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 drives the third lead screw 303 to rotate. Through the third nut sleeve 305, the Z-axis moving plate 304, Z-axis moving module 14, upper processing mechanism 4 and clamping mechanism 2 are fed downward along the second Z-axis guide rail assembly 302. At the same time, the first Z-axis motor 1403 of the Z-axis moving module 14 drives the second lead screw 1402 to rotate. Through the second nut sleeve 1406, the Z-axis moving block 1405 and the upper processing mechanism 4 move closer to the workpiece 6 along the first Z-axis guide rail assembly 1404. The upper motor 404 of the upper processing mechanism 4 drives the upper power head 403 to rotate through the transmission connection component. The tool on the upper power head 403 is used to drill and / or mill the upper end of the workpiece 6.

[0058] After the upper machining mechanism 4 completes the machining, the workpiece 6 is removed. The Z-axis moving mechanism 3 continues to drive the clamping mechanism 2 to feed downward, so that the workpiece 6 is close to the lower machining mechanism 5. The lower motor 11 of the lower machining mechanism 5 drives the linkage 9 to drive the lower power head 10 to rotate. The tool on the lower power head 10 performs drilling and / or peripheral milling on the lower end of the workpiece 6. The protective cover 12 and the sealing end cover 13 play a protective role in this process to prevent liquid and iron blood from entering the lower power head 10.

[0059] After the lower machining mechanism 5 completes its machining, the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 moves, causing the workpiece 6 to leave the machining area of ​​the lower machining mechanism 5. The first limit switch detects the travel position of the Z-axis moving mechanism 3. The X-axis motor 706 of the X-axis moving module 7 drives the first lead screw 705 to rotate, which, through the first nut sleeve 702, drives the X-axis moving block 701 and the clamping mechanism 2 to move along the X-axis guide rail assembly 704, moving the workpiece 6 above the third machining mechanism 8. The second limit switch detects the travel position of the X-axis moving module 7 to ensure accurate alignment. Subsequently, the Z-axis moving mechanism 3 again drives the workpiece 6 downward, and the lower motor 11 of the third machining mechanism 8 drives the linkage 9 to drive the lower power head 10 to rotate, performing subsequent machining on the workpiece 6 using a cutting tool.

[0060] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: It also includes a clamping mechanism (2), a Z-axis moving mechanism (3), an upper machining mechanism (4), and a lower machining mechanism (5); The clamping mechanism (2) is used to clamp the workpiece (6). The upper processing mechanism (4) and the clamping mechanism (2) are arranged vertically on the Z-axis moving mechanism (3), and the lower processing mechanism (5) is located below the Z-axis moving mechanism (3). The Z-axis moving mechanism (3) is configured to simultaneously drive the clamping mechanism (2) and the upper processing mechanism (4) to feed downward along the Z-axis while the upper processing mechanism (4) processes the workpiece (6); After the upper processing mechanism (4) completes processing and exits the workpiece (6), the lower processing mechanism (5) processes the workpiece (6) while the Z-axis moving mechanism (3) continues to move downward, thereby realizing continuous processing of the upper and lower ends of the workpiece (6).

2. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving mechanism (3) is provided with an X-axis moving module (7), and the clamping mechanism (2) is provided on the X-axis moving module (7). The frame (1) is provided with a third processing mechanism (8) on the side corresponding to the lower processing mechanism (5). After the current processing mechanism (5) completes the processing and exits the workpiece (6), the X-axis moving module (7) drives the workpiece (6) to move to the position above the corresponding third processing mechanism (8). Then the Z-axis moving mechanism (3) drives the workpiece (6) to feed downward, and the third processing mechanism (8) processes the workpiece (6).

3. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (2) is provided with two or more clamping stations for clamping workpieces (6), and the upper processing mechanism (4) and the lower processing mechanism (5) are each provided with two or more. During processing, two or more workpieces (6) are simultaneously clamped on the clamping mechanism (2). Each workpiece (6) is processed sequentially by the upper processing mechanism (4) and the lower processing mechanism (5). Each workpiece (6) is then moved sequentially by the X-axis moving module (7) to the position above the corresponding third processing mechanism (8) for further processing. This allows for the simultaneous and continuous processing of two or more workpieces (6) on the same machine tool without the need for repeated clamping of the workpieces (6).

4. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper processing mechanism (4), the lower processing mechanism (5) and the third processing mechanism (8) are respectively equipped with cutting tools for processing the workpiece (6). Each cutting tool is detachably installed on the upper processing mechanism (4), the lower processing mechanism (5) and the third processing mechanism (8) to replace the corresponding cutting tool according to the processing technology of the workpiece (6).

5. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with a first limit switch for detecting the travel position of the Z-axis moving mechanism (3), and the Z-axis moving mechanism (3) is provided with a second limit switch for detecting the travel position of the X-axis moving module (7).

6. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the lower processing mechanism (5) and the third processing mechanism (8) include a linkage component (9), a lower power head (10), and a lower motor (11) located at the lower part of the frame (1). The lower power head (10) is equipped with a cutting tool and is fixedly connected to the linkage (9). The motor shaft of the lower motor (11) is connected to the linkage (9) for transmission. The lower power head (10) is provided with a protective cover (12) to prevent liquid from entering the lower power head (10) and the lower motor (11). The protective cover (12) covers the outer periphery of the lower power head (10) and the upper outer periphery of the linkage (9). The lower power head (10) is provided with a sealing end cap (13) for sealing the tool installation area, and the tool is detachably installed on the lower power head (10).

7. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis moving module (7) includes an X-axis moving block (701), a first nut sleeve (702), a mounting base (703), an X-axis guide rail assembly (704), a first lead screw (705), and an X-axis motor (706). The X-axis guide rail assembly (704) and the first lead screw (705) are both mounted on the mounting base (703). The first lead screw (705) is connected to the output shaft of the X-axis motor (706). The first nut sleeve (702) is threaded onto the first lead screw (705). The clamping mechanism (2), the first nut sleeve (702), and the slider of the X-axis guide rail assembly (704) are respectively fixedly connected to the X-axis moving block (701). During processing, the X-axis motor (706) drives the first lead screw (705) to rotate, and through the first nut sleeve (702), it drives the X-axis moving block (701) and the clamping mechanism (2) to reciprocate along the X-axis guide rail assembly (704).

8. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving mechanism (3) is provided with a Z-axis moving module (14), which is connected to the upper processing mechanism (4) to drive the upper processing mechanism (4) to move closer to or further away from the workpiece (6) along the Z-axis. The Z-axis moving module (14) includes a fixed base (1401), a protective cover (1407), a first Z-axis motor (1403), and a Z-axis moving block (1405). The first Z-axis motor (1403) is connected to the Z-axis moving block (1405) for transmission. The upper processing mechanism (4) is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving block (1405). The Z-axis moving block (1405) and its transmission components with the first Z-axis motor (1403) are encapsulated in the fixed base (1401) by a protective cover (1407). The Z-axis moving block (1405) is slidably connected to the protective cover (1407) so that the protective cover (1407) has a protective effect when it does not affect the upper processing mechanism (4) moving up and down along the Z-axis.

9. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixed base (1401) has a first locking flange (1408) at the opening position, the protective cover (1407) has a second locking flange (1411), the Z-axis moving block (1405) has a first slot (1409) limited on the first locking flange (1408), a second slot (1410) limited on the second locking flange (1411), and a connecting block (1412) for connecting the upper processing mechanism (4). The connecting block (1412) extends laterally along the outside of the protective cover (1407), and there is a gap at the connection position between the upper processing mechanism (4) and the connecting block (1412) that allows relative movement along the protective cover (1407). The Z-axis moving module (14) also includes a second lead screw (1402), a second nut sleeve (1406), and a first Z-axis guide rail assembly (1404); the second lead screw (1402), the second nut sleeve (1406), and the first Z-axis guide rail assembly (1404) are all installed in the fixed base (1401); The second nut sleeve (1406) is threadedly connected to the second lead screw (1402), and the second nut sleeve (1406) is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving block (1405). The Z-axis moving block (1405) is provided with an inner connecting part (1413) for connecting the slider of the first Z-axis guide rail assembly (1404); the output shaft of the first Z-axis motor (1403) is connected to the second lead screw (1402); During processing, the first Z-axis motor (1403) drives the second lead screw (1402) to rotate, and through the second nut sleeve (1406), it drives the Z-axis moving block (1405) and the upper processing mechanism (4) to reciprocate along the first Z-axis guide rail assembly (1404).

10. The vertical self-protecting multi-power head end milling and drilling machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving mechanism (3) includes a second Z-axis motor (301), a second Z-axis guide rail assembly (302), a third lead screw (303), a Z-axis moving plate (304), and a third nut sleeve (305); the output shaft of the second Z-axis motor (301) is connected to the third lead screw (303), the third nut sleeve (305) is threadedly connected to the third lead screw (303), and the sliders of the third nut sleeve (305), the fixed seat (1401), the clamping mechanism (2), and the second Z-axis guide rail assembly (302) are respectively fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving plate (304); During processing, the second Z-axis motor (301) drives the third lead screw (303) to rotate, and through the third nut sleeve (305), it drives the Z-axis moving plate (304), Z-axis moving module (14), upper processing mechanism (4), and clamping mechanism (2) to reciprocate along the second Z-axis guide rail assembly (302); The clamping mechanism (2) includes a fixed block (201), a clamping block (202) and a clamping cylinder (203). The piston rod of the clamping cylinder (203) is fixedly connected to the clamping block (202) to drive the clamping block (202) to move closer to or away from the fixed block (201) so as to release or clamp the workpiece (6). The upper processing mechanism (4) includes a base (401), a transmission box (402), an upper power head (403), an upper motor (404), and a sleeve (405); the sleeve (405) and the Z-axis moving block (1405) are fixedly connected to the base (401), the upper power head (403) is rotatably disposed in the sleeve (405), the upper motor (404) is connected to the upper power head (403) in a transmission, and the transmission box (402) is used to encapsulate and protect the transmission connection components between the upper motor (404) and the upper power head (403); Transmission connection components include synchronous belt pulley sets, gear reduction sets, or worm gear transmission sets; The workpiece (6) is a compressor crankshaft. The compressor crankshaft is drilled and / or milled on the outer periphery by the upper machining mechanism (4), and is also drilled and / or milled on the outer periphery by the lower machining mechanism (5).

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