Ramp material distribution system and technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of stockpiling, in particular to a ramp material distribution system and process, the system comprises a stockpiling machine, the stockpiling machine is provided with a cantilever, a walking mechanism, a swing mechanism, a pitching mechanism and symmetrically arranged arc motion mechanisms; the arc motion mechanism comprises an adjusting wheel and a hard wheel; according to the ramp working condition, all the mechanisms are subjected to joint debugging and joint control, and the arc motion mechanism is switched to multiple working modes, specifically, the first mode is adopted on a built auxiliary road, and the adjusting wheel is used for buffering and reducing losses; during collaborative operation of the equipment, a second mode is adopted in the operation edge area of the stacker, and stability and controllability are enhanced by increasing the diameter of an adjusting wheel and making contact with a hard wheel; a third mode is adopted on the material pile platform stacked in a layered mode, the hard wheels are driven to press downwards, and the extending pieces are embedded into the loose materials so as to enhance the anti-sliding capacity; and through various self-adaptive strategies, the problems that the stability is poor, the operation range is limited and the efficiency is low when the stacker operates on the ramp are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material stacking technology, specifically to a ramp material placement system and process. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of bulk material handling, the storage and retrieval of materials are key links in the production process. To achieve large-scale and high-efficiency storage operations, specialized stacking equipment such as cantilever stackers and bridge stacker-reclaimers have been widely developed and applied. On flat or gently sloping sites, conventional material placement processes such as walking stacking, rotary stacking, or a combination of both can efficiently form orderly stockpiles to meet subsequent needs.

[0003] However, the application environment of traditional fabric placement technology is usually based on an idealized flat or very gentle slope stockpile foundation. However, in actual engineering, due to geographical environment, topographical conditions, land costs, or specific process layout limitations, stockpile sites are often not in an ideal state. Especially in mountainous mining areas or coastal ports built on mountains, it is often necessary to use natural slopes to build stockpiles. The original foundation surface of such sites has a large inclination angle. When the slope of the stockpile foundation increases to a certain extent, the adaptability of the standard fabric placement technology based on the assumption of a flat site is significantly reduced, making it difficult or even impossible to apply standard equipment in stockpiles with a large inclination angle.

[0004] Chinese patent CN110065778A discloses a slewing mechanism for a fixed-arm slewing stacker, comprising: a traveling platform frame, a drive unit, a traveling shaft, a central axle box assembly, active rubber-coated wheel sets, an active wheel fixing device, a follower rubber-coated wheel set, rolling bearings, a bearing fixing device, and an end axle box assembly. The traveling platform frame is connected to the main body of the fixed-arm slewing stacker via a connecting assembly, and two sets of slewing mechanisms are mounted on the traveling platform frame. The drive unit is mounted on one side of the wheel, and a high-torque three-in-one motor reducer is connected to the traveling shaft. The traveling shaft is mounted on the traveling platform frame, with the drive unit mounted at one end and axle box assemblies mounted on both sides of the other end. The central axle box assembly is mounted on the side closer to the drive unit, and the end axle box assembly is mounted on the other side. Wheel assemblies are mounted in the middle of the traveling shaft. This design enables the two traveling wheels on the same axis of the drive mechanism to rotate simultaneously at different turning radii.

[0005] Although the aforementioned patent documents demonstrate that the use of rubber-coated wheels provides sufficient support for the entire machine, the effective working area changes significantly when the equipment is deployed on an inclined base surface due to the slope. Specifically, on sloping terrain, the effective swing range of the stacker's boom is greatly reduced, making it difficult to fully cover the preset stacking width area. Furthermore, the equipment's center of gravity shifts when operating on a slope, creating a potential risk of overturning. At the same time, the stability of the equipment during movement and rotation is difficult to guarantee. All these factors directly and adversely affect the accuracy of material placement and operational safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ramp fabric distribution system and process, which aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a ramp material placement system, including a stacker, the stacker comprising a cantilever and a main support structure disposed at its bottom, and further comprising: The traveling mechanism is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the main support structure and is used to drive the cantilever to move along the length of the material pile. The slewing mechanism and the pitching mechanism are both located between the cantilever and the main support structure, and are used to drive the cantilever to rotate in the horizontal plane and pitch in the vertical plane. The circular arc motion mechanism is symmetrically distributed at one end of the main support structure facing the cantilever discharge end. It includes a connector that is movably connected to the main support structure. A deflector is provided between the connector and the main support structure. A frame is provided at the end of the connector. A first adjustment unit and a second adjustment unit are provided inside the frame. By adjusting the working mode of the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit, the stacker can achieve adaptive adjustment of its posture in different working areas of the ramp. The joint commissioning and control unit controls the various components of the stacker to perform corresponding actions based on the stacker's working status and ramp environmental parameters, in order to maintain the stacker's operational stability on the ramp.

[0008] Preferably, the first adjustment unit includes a mounting bracket disposed inside the frame, an adjustment wheel on the mounting bracket, and a drive element for adjusting the expansion amount of the adjustment wheel.

[0009] Preferably, the second adjustment unit includes hydraulic components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mounting frame. One end of the hydraulic component is connected to the frame, and the other end is provided with a mounting component. Both ends of the hydraulic component are provided with rollers. The outer side of the roller is provided with a hard wheel, and the hard wheel is provided with a reinforcing member.

[0010] Preferably, the reinforcement includes: The mounting component has a cavity inside, and the cavity contains the pushing part. The protruding part has a through cavity on the hard wheel, and an array of protruding parts are arranged inside the through cavity; A connecting channel, located inside the roller body, is used to connect the guide cavity and the cavity; When the pushing part extends, the medium inside the cavity enters the interior of the conducting cavity through the connecting channel, and drives the protruding part to extend out of the conducting cavity.

[0011] The present invention also provides a ramp fabric process, comprising the following steps: The stockpiling parameters and ramp terrain parameters are set through the joint debugging and control unit; The stacker is controlled to move to the initial working position on the ramp via the traveling mechanism, and the pitch angle of the cantilever is adjusted via the pitch mechanism; During the stockpiling process, the joint commissioning and control unit monitors the stockpile outline and equipment attitude in real time based on sensors, and performs the following joint commissioning and control operations: Based on the comparison between the real-time monitored height of the material pile and the preset target height, the pitch mechanism is controlled to adjust the pitch angle of the cantilever or the slewing mechanism is controlled to perform step-by-step slewing. When the cantilever is controlled to rotate, the deflector extends to drive the connecting member to deflect, so that the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit contact the ground, providing stable support for the cantilever rotation.

[0012] Preferably, when the stacker is performing stacking operations in the ramp area, an auxiliary road network is constructed on the ramp, and the stacker is controlled to move and position along the auxiliary roads, with the cantilever performing rotating stacking on the curved road.

[0013] Preferably, when the stacker is performing a slewing operation on the auxiliary road, the joint adjustment and control unit controls the adjusting wheel and the hard wheel to be in a first working mode, wherein the adjusting wheel is in a first expanded state, its outer diameter is equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the hard wheel, and the hydraulic components are in a contracted state.

[0014] Preferably, when the stacker is performing stacking operations in the ramp area, for the ramp area that the stacker cannot directly cover, the stacker and auxiliary equipment work together. When the cantilever rotates to the edge of the effective working width of the ramp, the joint adjustment and control unit controls the adjusting wheel and the hard wheel located on the deflection side to be in the second working mode, wherein the adjusting wheel is in the second expansion state, so that its outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the hard wheel and contacts the outer wall of the hard wheel, so as to increase the stability of the deflection side and generate a damping effect.

[0015] Preferably, when the stacker is performing stacking operations in the ramp area, a layered stacking process is adopted: First, a lower-level stockpile is built as a base platform, and the stacker operates on this stockpile platform. When the stacker is rotating on the stacking platform, the joint control unit controls the adjusting wheel and the hard wheel to be in the third working mode, controls the hydraulic components to extend so that the hard wheel moves down to increase the ground pressure, and controls the protruding component to extend out of the hard wheel.

[0016] Preferably, in the third working mode, the joint adjustment and control unit independently controls the expansion of the adjusting wheel to increase the grounding area and ensures that the protruding part does not contact the adjusting wheel.

[0017] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. By setting up adjusting wheels and hard wheels, and combining the control system to coordinate and control components such as deflection components and hydraulic components, the present invention enables the equipment to switch to the optimal working mode on different bases such as pre-constructed auxiliary roads, the edge area of ​​the original slope, and the platform of the already piled loose material, which significantly enhances the equipment's anti-slip, anti-overturning ability and adaptability when operating on slopes.

[0018] 2. The concrete placement process based on auxiliary road networks, the main and auxiliary equipment coordinated concrete placement process, and the layered stacking concrete placement process proposed in this invention provide a variety of reliable solutions for different slope conditions and engineering needs. In particular, the combination of "upper row" and "lower row" in the layered stacking process cleverly utilizes the pre-formed material pile as a stable working platform to advance step by step, effectively reducing the risks and difficulties of direct operation on the original steep slope. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a stacker in the prior art; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pitching mechanism and a circular motion mechanism in the prior art; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circular arc motion mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first working state of the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second working state of the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the third working state of the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reinforcement component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary road structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an implementation diagram of the ramp fabric laying process in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an implementation diagram of the ramp fabric laying process in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0020] In the picture: 100. Rotary mechanism; 200. Cantilever; 300. Pitch mechanism; 400. Walking mechanism; 1. Circular arc motion mechanism; 101. Connecting component; 102. Deflecting component; 103. Frame; 104. First adjustment unit; 1041. Mounting bracket; 1042. Adjusting wheel; 105. Second adjustment unit; 1051. Hydraulic component; 1052. Mounting component; 1053. Roller; 1054. Hardened wheel; 2. Reinforcing component; 201. Cavity; 202. Pushing part; 203. Conducting cavity; 204. Protrusion; 205. Connecting channel. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0022] Specific reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a ramp material distribution device, including a stacker, the stacker including a cantilever 200, the cantilever 200 as the main load-bearing structure of the stacker, the belt conveyor of the cantilever 200 is responsible for receiving the incoming material and conveying the material to the throwing point, the boom of the cantilever 200 can be designed as a fixed length or telescopic. The bottom of the cantilever 200 is provided with a main support structure, which is used to support the cantilever 200. Both ends of the main support structure are provided with a traveling mechanism 400. The traveling mechanism 400 moves along the path through wheels, drive motors and transmission systems to realize the extension of the length of the material pile.

[0023] A rotary mechanism 100 is provided at the connection between the feed end of the cantilever 200 and the main support structure. The rotary mechanism 100 is used to drive the cantilever 200 to rotate horizontally around the central column or support column. In this embodiment, the rotary mechanism 100 consists of a rotary motor, a rotary bearing and a transmission device. The discharge end of the cantilever 200 and the main support structure are equipped with a pitching mechanism 300. The pitching mechanism 300 is used to control the cantilever 200 to perform up and down pitching movements in order to adjust the unloading height and form material piles of different shapes and layer heights. The pitching mechanism 300 includes a hydraulic cylinder or a wire rope winch system. The main support structure is provided with a symmetrically distributed arc motion mechanism 1 at one end of the cantilever 200 facing the discharge end. The arc motion mechanism 1 includes a connector 101 connected to the main support structure. The other end of the connector 101 is provided with a frame 103. The frame 103 is provided with a first adjustment unit 104 and a second adjustment unit 105. The first adjustment unit 104 and the second adjustment unit 105 achieve stable operation of the cantilever 200 in different working modes through shape changes.

[0024] The main support structure is provided with a support, which is connected to the connecting member 101 through a deflector 102. The deflector 102 includes a hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the support and the other end of which is hinged to the connecting member 101.

[0025] The first adjustment unit 104 includes a mounting bracket 1041 disposed on the frame 103. In this embodiment, the mounting bracket 1041 is in the shape of an "I". Each of the four ends of the mounting bracket 1041 is provided with an adjustment wheel 1042. The adjustment wheel 1042 includes a rubber expansion wheel. The frame 103 is provided with a driving element, which is used to drive the expansion amount of the adjustment wheel 1042.

[0026] The second adjustment unit 105 includes hydraulic components 1051 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mounting frame 1041. One end of the hydraulic component 1051 is connected to the frame 103, and the other end is provided with a mounting component 1052. Both ends of the mounting component 1052 are provided with rollers 1053, and the outer side of the rollers 1053 is provided with hard wheels 1054.

[0027] The mounting component 1052 has a reinforcing component 2 inside. The reinforcing component 2 includes a cavity 201 disposed inside the mounting component 1052. A pushing part 202 is disposed inside the cavity 201. The hard wheel 1054 has a guiding cavity 203. An array of protruding parts 204 are disposed on the guiding cavity 203.

[0028] It should be noted that the conductive cavity 203 includes an annular cavity, and an array of placement cavities are provided on the outer side of the annular cavity, with the protrusion 204 located inside the placement cavity.

[0029] A connecting channel 205 is provided between the guide cavity 203 and the cavity 201. The connecting channel 205 is located inside the roller body 1053. When the pushing part 202 extends, the medium (hydraulic oil) located inside the cavity 201 will enter the interior of the guide cavity 203 through the connecting channel 205 and drive the protruding part 204 to extend out of the guide cavity 203.

[0030] In the initial state, the deflector 102 is in a retracted state, at which time the first adjustment unit 104 and the second adjustment unit 105 are not in contact with the ground.

[0031] Before the rotary stacker starts operation, by selecting the control mode and starting the system, the stacker performs a self-check procedure to confirm that the traveling mechanism 400, the slewing mechanism 100, the pitching mechanism 300, and the cantilever 200 belt conveyor are all in normal condition. Then, the stacker moves to the designated starting stacking position in the stockyard via its traveling mechanism 400. At the same time, the cantilever 200 is adjusted to the preset pitch angle via the pitching mechanism 300, and the slewing mechanism 100 is reset to the initial angle, preparing for subsequent stacking operations.

[0032] In automatic stacking mode, the stacker starts working according to the preset stacking process; the material is transferred to the cantilever 200 belt conveyor via the ground belt conveyor and the tail car. After being transported to the end of the cantilever 200, the material is dropped into the stockyard.

[0033] The stacker achieves stacking operations by coordinating the rotational motion of the cantilever 200 with its own stepping movement. The cantilever 200 starts from one side and rotates continuously or stepwise to the other side, forming an arc-shaped material strip on the stockpile. When the cantilever 200 reaches the preset boundary position, the rotation stops or reverses, and the stacker trolley automatically moves backward by a set step distance. After that, the cantilever 200 starts to rotate in the opposite direction to stack materials, and so on, forming a continuous stacking operation.

[0034] It should be noted that when the cantilever 200 is rotating, the control system extends the control deflector 102, which drives the connector 101 to deflect, so that the first adjustment unit 104 and the second adjustment unit 105 come into contact with the ground.

[0035] Throughout the stacking process, the control system continuously scans the outline of the material pile below the cantilever 200 using non-contact ranging devices such as laser scanners, and constructs a three-dimensional model to detect the height of the material pile in real time. Based on the real-time measured height of the material pile, it compares it with the preset target height, and then dynamically adjusts the pitch angle of the cantilever 200 or triggers a slewing step signal. When the height of the material pile reaches the set value, the laser scanner will send a signal, and the control system will instruct the pitch mechanism 300 to raise the cantilever 200 or control the slewing mechanism 100 to step by an angle to ensure that the material pile is stacked in layers according to the predetermined shape and to effectively utilize the stockyard space.

[0036] When the stockpiled material reaches the predetermined stockpiling tonnage or when the stockpile crane travels to the limit position of the rear boundary of the stockpile, the stockpiling operation of the stockpile crane ends. At this time, the control system first stops the material supply, and then stops the operation of the belt conveyor after all the material on the 200mm cantilever belt is unloaded.

[0037] Subsequently, the cantilever 200 continues to move, usually rotating to a safe non-working angle, and is then raised to a preset stopping position by the pitch mechanism 300. Example 2

[0038] Although the above scheme can achieve rotary stacking, in actual engineering, due to geographical environment, terrain conditions, land costs or specific process layout limitations, the stacking yard site is often not in an ideal state. When the slope of the stacking yard foundation increases to a certain extent, the effective working range of the stacker will decrease sharply with the increase of the slope. At the same time, in the slope environment, the stacker will experience a center of gravity shift, which will make it difficult for the stacker to maintain the established posture when performing the material placement task, thus affecting the material placement accuracy and efficiency. In view of this, this embodiment proposes a slope material placement process based on embodiment one.

[0039] Specific reference Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides a ramp fabrication process including the following steps: One or more auxiliary roads are pre-planned and constructed on the yard ramp, including roundabout roads and connecting roads, forming a network.

[0040] The stacker moves and positions itself on the auxiliary road network to perform stacking operations from the side of the road outwards.

[0041] The layout of auxiliary roads should ensure that their slope meets the requirements for the safe movement of the stacker and can cover the target stacking area.

[0042] It is important to note that the layout of auxiliary roads is based on a series of related calculations and optimization designs, taking into account the specific terrain parameters of the stockpile, the physical dimensions and performance indicators of the selected stacker, and the geometric specifications of the target stockpile. The primary goal of the calculation is to ensure that the slope, turning radius, and other parameters of the auxiliary roads are always within the range of stable operation of the stacker.

[0043] Specifically, the calculation of road width needs to take into account the width of the stacker itself, the necessary safety swing margin when the stacker is running, and the safety distance required for the road shoulder. Specifically, based on the ground contact width of the stacker tires, an additional safety margin determined according to the dynamic operating data of the stacker is added to obtain the minimum applicable width of the road, ensuring that the equipment will not slip or collapse at the edges when moving and operating.

[0044] The chord length and radius of the road are determined by satisfying the minimum turning radius of each piece of equipment. The minimum turning radius provided in the equipment technical manual is used as a constraint. The road curvature radius and chord length are repeatedly simulated and adjusted to obtain the road curvature radius and chord length, so that various types of equipment can turn and make U-turns smoothly on the road without interference or the need for multiple advances and retreats. The height and longitudinal slope of the road are designed to address the difficulties faced by the equipment when operating on the original steep slope. Earthwork calculations are performed based on the natural slope of the storage yard to determine the fill and cut elevations of key points on the road. This ensures that the longitudinal slope of the completed road (i.e., the slope in the direction of travel) is within the maximum climbing angle allowed by the equipment design, providing the equipment with a gentle "slide".

[0045] This implementation transforms the original continuous steep slope into a series of work platforms that allow equipment to operate safely and stably by pre-constructing a permanent or temporary auxiliary road system.

[0046] In practical implementation, a comprehensive analysis of the natural slope of the stockpile, the physical dimensions and performance parameters of the stacker, and the geometric dimensions of the target stockpile is first required. Based on this analysis, a reasonable auxiliary road network is planned on the stockpile ramp. The auxiliary road network includes an array of arc-shaped roads for the circular motion mechanism 1 to move above. A longitudinal road is provided in the middle of the arc-shaped roads for the stacker to move above. The specific structure of the auxiliary road network is detailed in [reference needed]. Figure 10 As shown.

[0047] The width of the auxiliary road must be greater than the width of the equipment itself, and a safety margin must be reserved to ensure the stability of the equipment during movement and positioning. The radius of curvature of the auxiliary road must meet the minimum turning radius requirement of the equipment to ensure that the equipment can enter and exit smoothly. The elevation setting of the auxiliary road is another key point in the calculation. Its purpose is to reduce the longitudinal slope of the road surface to within the safe operating slope allowed by the stacker design through appropriate earthwork filling and excavation, so as to fundamentally improve the operating conditions of the equipment.

[0048] Once the road system is completed, the stacker can move along the road. The equipment is not fixed at one point, but travels along the road. Each time it moves to a work station, it uses its current position as a base point and utilizes the rotation and pitch of the cantilever 200 to stack materials in a fan-shaped area on one or both sides of the road. Through this cyclical operation of "movement-positioning-distribution-removal", the stacker can systematically complete the distribution of materials in the entire steep-angle stockpile as if it were working on flat ground.

[0049] When the stacker is stacking materials via the auxiliary road, the feed end of the stacker is always on the longitudinal road of the auxiliary road network, and the discharge end of the stacker, namely the arc motion mechanism 1, reciprocates on the arc road.

[0050] When the circular motion mechanism 1 reciprocates on the curved road, the control adjustment wheel 1042 and the hard wheel 1054 are in the first working mode, that is, the adjustment wheel 1042 is in the first expansion state and the hydraulic component 1051 is in the contraction state. At this time, the center points of the adjustment wheel 1042 and the hard wheel 1054 are on the same straight line.

[0051] In the first working mode, the outer diameter of the adjusting wheel 1042 is equal to or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hardened wheel 1054 (see details). Figure 6 As shown, this increases the contact and load-bearing ratio between the adjusting wheel 1042 and the ground, and uses the elastic deformation of the rubber to buffer the pressure and wear of the equipment's own weight on the curved road surface, thereby reducing damage to the road, extending the road's service life and ensuring smooth steering. Example 3

[0052] While the above embodiments can achieve slewing stockpiling operations in slope environments, in actual application, it is necessary to pre-construct an auxiliary road network that meets the needs of heavy equipment passage and operation. This process not only requires the investment of large earthmoving machinery, but also consumes a large amount of building materials, and generates corresponding labor and time costs. Moreover, once the auxiliary road network is completed, its layout is basically fixed. If the stockpile conditions change, the existing road system may not be compatible. If the road needs to be modified or rebuilt, additional costs will inevitably be incurred. In view of this, a further improvement scheme is proposed based on Embodiment 1, and another stockpiling process suitable for slopes is given.

[0053] Specific reference Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides a ramp fabrication process including the following steps: The stacker selects an initial working position on the ramp and stacks materials, using its own capacity to cover the first part of the stack width area.

[0054] For the remaining stack width area that the stacker cannot directly cover, auxiliary equipment such as bulldozers and excavators will transport and spread the material from the main stockpile to the designated location, thereby jointly completing the stacking of the entire target stack width. This mode is suitable for situations where the equipment still has some area under a certain slope, but is not enough to cover the full width.

[0055] This implementation applies to situations where the stacker still has a certain effective operating range on a specific ramp, but this range is insufficient to cover the entire target stack width. By decomposing the stacking task, the stacker is responsible for stacking the core area within its capacity, while the extended stacking task in the edge area is handed over to auxiliary equipment, thereby solving the problem of insufficient capacity of a single device through collaborative operation.

[0056] In practice, the maximum coverage width that the main equipment can stably and effectively cover on the slope is first calculated based on the actual slope of the stockpile, the length of the 200mm cantilever, the range of the pitch angle, and the width of the target stockpile.

[0057] Then, by positioning the stacker at one or more optimal working points on the ramp, the material is stacked at a fixed point, and the area within its effective range is piled up to the required height. For the remaining pile width area that the stacker cannot directly cover, auxiliary equipment such as bulldozers or excavators are used to carry out the work, and the material on top of the main pile formed by the stacker is laterally extended to the boundary of the target pile width by shoveling and spreading.

[0058] In this mode, the rotation angle of the cantilever 200 is limited within the effective working width of the ramp. Simultaneously, during the rotation of the cantilever 200, the control system identifies the movement angle of the rotation mechanism 100 to determine whether the discharge end of the cantilever 200 is within the edge region of the effective working width of the ramp. When the discharge end of the cantilever 200 is within the edge region of the effective working width of the ramp, the control system controls the corresponding adjusting wheel 1042 and the hard wheel 1054 to be in the second working mode. Specifically, when the discharge end of the cantilever 200 is within the edge region on the left side of the ramp, the adjusting wheel 1042 located on the left side of the cantilever 200 is controlled to be in the second expansion state, with the outer diameter of the adjusting wheel 1042 being larger than the outer diameter of the hard wheel 1054 (see details). Figure 7 As shown), and in contact with the outer wall of the hardened wheel 1054, the increased diameter of the adjusting wheel 1042 increases its contact area with the ramp surface, thereby significantly improving the grounding stability of the equipment on this side and resisting the overturning moment generated by the extension and rotation of the cantilever 200; on the other hand, due to the speed difference and contact friction between the adjusting wheel 1042 and the hardened wheel 1054, a certain damping effect is generated on the rotation of the hardened wheel 1054, thereby effectively reducing the overall moving speed of the cantilever 200 when rotating in the edge area, making the operation process more stable and controllable.

[0059] Similarly, when the cantilever 200 rotates to the right edge area, the right adjustment wheel 1042 will perform the same action. Example 4

[0060] While the above embodiments can achieve rotary stacking operations in ramp environments, in practical applications, continuous intervention from auxiliary equipment is necessary. This not only increases the costs of fuel consumption, maintenance, and manual operation for the auxiliary equipment, but more importantly, the secondary transfer of materials takes time, forcing the main stacker's operation to be frequently interrupted or in a waiting state, thus significantly reducing the overall efficiency of the entire stacking line. In addition, the auxiliary equipment needs to operate on the narrow edge of the ramp, which itself faces a high risk of slippage, making it difficult to guarantee operational safety. In view of this, further improvements are proposed based on Embodiment 1, and another ramp material placement process is proposed.

[0061] Specific reference Figures 1 to 12As shown, the present invention provides a ramp fabrication process including the following steps: The entire stockpiling process is divided into multiple levels. First, a stockpile is built at a lower level to serve as the foundation for subsequent operations.

[0062] The stacker operates on a lower-level material stacking platform, stacking materials upwards to cover the area in front. During this process, the working surface of the stacker is at a relatively gentle angle.

[0063] Afterwards, the stacker moves to a higher-level stockpile platform to operate, and the stacker discharges material downwards to cover the area behind it. At this time, the equipment working surface also remains flat.

[0064] This implementation combines "upper discharge" and "lower discharge," utilizing the existing material pile as a stable foundation to complete the material stacking of the entire ramp length and width in stages and areas. This model effectively reduces the operational difficulty of the equipment on the original ramp.

[0065] In practice, the stacking process is divided into several levels based on the target total stacking height and the performance of the equipment. The stacking operation starts from the bottom level, and the equipment stacks the first layer of material on the original ramp. When the first layer of material reaches the predetermined height and width, the newly formed stacking platform creates conditions for the stacking operation of the second layer.

[0066] When proceeding to the second layer of material stacking, the stacker can be placed on the already compacted and leveled platform of the first layer for operation. At this point, the working surface of the stacker is no longer the original steep ramp, but a relatively flat material stack surface, greatly improving stability; at this level, the process can flexibly combine the "top-discharge" and "bottom-discharge" operation modes.

[0067] The term "upper discharge" refers to the stacker scattering material in front of the ramp, to an area that has not yet been stacked; while "lower discharge" refers to the stacker scattering material behind the ramp, to an area that has already been stacked. By controlling the position of the stacker on the material stacking platform and the direction of the cantilever 200, the stacking task at this level can be completed systematically.

[0068] When stacking higher layers, the stacker can stop on the pile that has already been stacked to a certain height, using it as a solid base to continue discharging material upwards to achieve the target stack height, or discharging material downwards to trim the slope of the pile or fill specific areas.

[0069] In this mode, the circular motion mechanism 1 needs to perform rotational operations on the material pile platform. However, the material pile platform is composed of loose materials, which can easily lead to insufficient grip. Therefore, when the circular motion mechanism 1 performs rotational operations on the material pile platform, the control adjustment wheel 1042 and the hard wheel 1054 are in the third working mode. In this working mode, the control system controls the hydraulic component 1051 to extend. The hydraulic component 1051 drives the hard wheel 1054 to move downward through the mounting component 1052 and the roller body 1053 to increase the ground pressure. At the same time, the control push part 202 extends. The piston plate located at the output end of the push part 202 pushes the medium (hydraulic oil) inside the cavity 201 to enter the interior of the guide cavity 203 through the connecting channel 205. The medium entering the guide cavity 203 pushes the protruding part 204 to extend out of the guide cavity 203 (specifically as follows). Figure 8 As shown, the extended member 204 can effectively embed itself into the material on the stockpile platform, thereby providing additional anti-slip grip during equipment rotation and greatly enhancing operational stability. It should be noted that in this third working mode, the central axes of the hard wheel 1054 and the adjusting wheel 1042 are not on the same straight line. Therefore, after the protruding part 204 extends out of the guide cavity 203, the end of the protruding part 204 away from the hard wheel 1054 does not contact the adjusting wheel 1042. In addition, the control system can also independently control the adjusting wheel 1042 to expand further to increase its contact area with the ground. It is necessary to control the expansion amount of the adjusting wheel 1042 to avoid the adjusting wheel 1042 from contacting the protruding part 204.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0071] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ramp concrete placement system, comprising a stacker, the stacker including a cantilever (200) and a main support structure disposed at its bottom, characterized in that, The traveling mechanism (400) is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the main support structure and is used to drive the cantilever (200) to move along the length of the stockpile; The slewing mechanism (100) and the pitching mechanism (300) are disposed between the cantilever (200) and the main support structure, and are used to drive the cantilever (200) to rotate in the horizontal plane and pitch in the vertical plane; The circular arc motion mechanism (1) is symmetrically distributed at one end of the main support structure facing the discharge end of the cantilever (200). It includes a connector (101) that is movably connected to the main support structure. A deflector (102) is provided between the connector (101) and the main support structure. A frame (103) is provided at the end of the connector (101). A first adjustment unit (104) and a second adjustment unit (105) are provided in the frame (103). By adjusting the working mode of the first adjustment unit (104) and the second adjustment unit (105), the stacker can achieve adaptive adjustment of its posture in different working areas of the ramp. The joint commissioning and control unit controls the various components of the stacker to perform corresponding actions based on the stacker's working status and ramp environmental parameters, in order to maintain the stacker's operational stability on the ramp.

2. The ramp material distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first adjustment unit (104) includes a mounting bracket (1041) disposed inside the frame (103), an adjustment wheel (1042) on the mounting bracket (1041) and a drive element for adjusting the expansion amount of the adjustment wheel (1042).

3. The ramp material distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second adjustment unit (105) includes hydraulic components (1051) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mounting frame (1041). One end of the hydraulic component (1051) is connected to the frame (103), and the other end is provided with a mounting component (1052). Both ends are provided with rollers (1053). A hard wheel (1054) is provided on the outer side of the roller (1053), and a reinforcing member (2) is provided on the hard wheel (1054).

4. The ramp fabric distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reinforcement (2) includes: The pusher (202) is provided inside the mounting member (1052), and the pusher (202) is provided inside the cavity (201). The protruding part (204) has a through cavity (203) on the hard wheel (1054), and the through cavity (203) has an array of protruding parts (204). A connecting channel (205) is provided inside the roller body (1053) to connect the guide cavity (203) and the cavity (201). When the pusher (202) extends, the medium inside the cavity (201) enters the interior of the conduction cavity (203) through the connecting channel (205) and drives the protrusion (204) to extend out of the conduction cavity (203).

5. A ramp fabrication process, employing the ramp fabrication system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The stockpiling parameters and ramp terrain parameters are set through the joint debugging and control unit; The stacker is controlled to move to the initial working position on the ramp via the traveling mechanism (400), and the pitch angle of the cantilever (200) is adjusted via the pitch mechanism (300); During the stockpiling process, the joint commissioning and control unit monitors the stockpile outline and equipment attitude in real time based on sensors, and performs the following joint commissioning and control operations: Based on the comparison between the real-time monitored height of the material pile and the preset target height, the pitch mechanism (300) is controlled to adjust the pitch angle of the cantilever (200) or the slewing mechanism (100) is controlled to perform step slewing. When the cantilever (200) is controlled to rotate, the deflector (102) is extended to drive the connector (101) to deflect so that the first adjustment unit (104) and the second adjustment unit (105) contact the ground, providing stable support for the rotation of the cantilever (200).

6. The ramp fabric laying process according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the stacker is stacking material in the ramp area, an auxiliary road network is built on the ramp, and the stacker is controlled to move and position along the auxiliary roads. The cantilever (200) performs slewing stacking on the curved road.

7. The ramp fabric laying process according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the stacker is performing a slewing operation on the auxiliary road, the joint adjustment and control unit controls the adjusting wheel (1042) and the hard wheel (1054) to be in the first working mode, wherein the adjusting wheel (1042) is in the first expansion state, its outer diameter is equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the hard wheel (1054), and the hydraulic component (1051) is in the contraction state.

8. The ramp fabric laying process according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the stacker is performing stacking operations in the ramp area, for the ramp area that the stacker cannot directly cover, the stacker and auxiliary equipment work together. When the cantilever (200) rotates to the edge area of ​​the effective working width of the ramp, the joint adjustment and control unit controls the adjusting wheel (1042) and the hard wheel (1054) located on the deflection side to be in the second working mode, wherein the adjusting wheel (1042) is in the second expansion state, so that its outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the hard wheel (1054) and contacts the outer wall of the hard wheel (1054) to increase the stability of the deflection side and generate a damping effect.

9. The ramp fabric laying process according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the stacker is stacking materials in the ramp area, a layered stacking process is used: First, a lower-level stockpile is built as a base platform, and the stacker operates on this stockpile platform. When the stacker is rotating on the stacking platform, the joint control unit controls the adjusting wheel (1042) and the hard wheel (1054) to be in the third working mode, controls the hydraulic component (1051) to extend so that the hard wheel (1054) moves down to increase the ground pressure, and controls the protruding component (204) to extend out of the hard wheel (1054).

10. The ramp fabric laying process according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the third working mode, the joint adjustment and control unit independently controls the expansion of the adjustment wheel (1042) to increase the grounding area and ensures that the protruding part (204) does not contact the adjustment wheel (1042).

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