High-temperature-resistant bearing and preparation process thereof
By using specific alloy materials and a refined heat treatment process, the problem of insufficient bearing durability at high temperatures has been solved, improving the bearing's high-temperature resistance and hardness, and ensuring the stable operation of the mechanical system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511782167.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing bearings have insufficient durability at high temperatures, leading to damage to the microstructure of the material, severe wear, and affecting the normal operation of the mechanical system.
Alloy materials with specific component ratios, including C, Mn, Si, Mo, Cr, Al, Nb, V, La, Y, and Nd, are optimized in terms of microstructure through refined heat treatment processes, including hot rolling, rolling, forging, normalizing, spheroidizing annealing, quenching, and tempering.
It significantly improves the high-temperature resistance and hardness of bearings, extends their service life, and ensures the stable operation of mechanical systems in high-temperature environments.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing technology, specifically to a high-temperature resistant bearing and its manufacturing process. Background Technology
[0002] Bearings, as an indispensable component in modern machinery, are widely used in numerous fields such as energy and automobiles. However, in these fields, bearings often need to operate continuously at high temperatures. For example, the operating temperature of bearings in new energy vehicle motors can reach 150-200℃, wind turbine gearbox bearings operate at 120-180℃ for extended periods, and bearings in metallurgical equipment face temperatures exceeding 300℃. High operating temperatures can damage the microstructure and mechanical properties of bearing materials. Under long-term friction, the bearing surface is prone to wear and spalling, ultimately leading to a decrease in bearing precision and deviations in the fit between the bearing and other components, affecting the normal operation of the entire mechanical system. Therefore, improving the high-temperature resistance of bearings has become an urgent and crucial task, with immeasurable significance for the development of numerous industries. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention proposes a high-temperature resistant bearing and its manufacturing process, which solves the problem of insufficient high-temperature resistance of bearings in related technologies.
[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: This invention proposes a high-temperature resistant bearing, composed of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.87%~0.94%, Mn 0.25%~0.4%, Si 0.33%~0.66%, Mo 0.55%~0.85%, Cr 4.2%~6.2%, Al 0.35%~0.45%, Nb 0.1%~0.2%, V 0.15%~0.35%, W 0.5%~1.1%, La 0.005%~0.009%, Y 0.008%~0.011%, Nd 0.006%~0.014%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
[0005] As a further technical solution, the high-temperature bearing is composed of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.87%~0.94%, Mn 0.25%~0.4%, Si 0.33%~0.66%, Mo 0.55%~0.85%, Cr 4.2%~6.2%, Al 0.35%~0.45%, Nb 0.1%~0.2%, V 0.15%~0.35%, W 0.5%~1.1%, La 0.005%~0.009%, Y 0.008%~0.011%, Nd 0.006%~0.014%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities, and 0.023%≤La+Y+Nd≤0.029%.
[0006] The present invention strictly limits the total mass percentage of elements La, Y and Nd in the high-temperature bearing component to 0.023%≤La+Y+Nd≤0.029%, which significantly improves the high-temperature resistance of the bearing.
[0007] This invention also proposes a manufacturing process for a high-temperature resistant bearing, comprising the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentage, melt the raw materials to form an alloy liquid, pour it into a steel ingot, cool it to room temperature, and hot roll the steel ingot to obtain a steel billet; S2. The steel billet is rolled, the rolled steel billet is cut into sections, heated and forged to obtain forgings, and the forgings are rolled and expanded to obtain bearing semi-finished products; S3. The bearing semi-finished product is subjected to normalizing and carburizing treatment; S4. After normalizing, the bearing semi-finished product undergoes spheroidizing annealing, quenching, and tempering, followed by precision grinding to obtain a high-temperature resistant bearing.
[0008] As a further technical solution, the hot rolling temperature is 1200~1250℃, the time is 4~6h, and the temperature is air-cooled to 600~700℃ and then cooled to room temperature.
[0009] As a further technical solution, the initial rolling temperature is 1050~1150℃, the holding time is 5~10min, the initial rolling temperature is 860~1000℃, the final rolling temperature is 780~820℃, and the temperature is cooled to 650~680℃ and then air-cooled.
[0010] As a further technical solution, the heating temperature is 800~900℃, and the holding time is 35~55min.
[0011] As a further technical solution, the forging ratio is 1.7~2.2, and the temperature is 860~900℃.
[0012] As a further technical solution, the normalizing temperature is 880~940℃, and the holding time is 2~3h.
[0013] As a further technical solution, the spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out at a temperature of 760~790℃ for a time of 4~6h.
[0014] As a further technical solution, the quenching temperature is 860~880℃, the holding time is 15~20min, and the quenching is done by oil quenching.
[0015] As a further technical solution, the tempering treatment involves heating to 150-250°C at a heating rate of 6-10°C / min, holding at that temperature for 4.5-7.0 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 24-80°C / min.
[0016] As a further technical solution, the tempering process includes a first tempering process and a second tempering process.
[0017] As a further technical solution, the temperature of the first tempering treatment is 180~190℃, the holding time is 1.5~2.5h, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature at a rate of 40~50℃ / min.
[0018] As a further technical solution, during the second tempering treatment, the temperature is first maintained at 200~250℃ for 1.0~1.5h, then cooled from 200~250℃ to 150~170℃ at a cooling rate of 24~36℃ / min, maintained for 2.0~3.0h, and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 60~80℃ / min.
[0019] In the manufacturing process of high-temperature bearings, this invention employs a two-stage cooling and tempering process. The cooling rate of the first tempering is controlled at 40-50°C / min, which is beneficial for subsequent tempering. The second tempering process first uses a cooling rate of 24-36°C / min to further optimize the microstructure, thereby improving the bearing's hardness. Then, a cooling rate of 60-80°C / min is used for rapid cooling to strengthen the resistance of dislocations and carbides to plastic deformation. By controlling the cooling rate three times during the tempering process, the hardness of the bearing is improved.
[0020] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In this invention, elements La, Y, and Nd are added during the bearing manufacturing process. The combination of these three elements increases the bearing's high-temperature resistance. Element La has an optimizing effect on carbides, element Y has the effect of purifying grain boundaries and refining grains, and element Nd strengthens the matrix and inhibits grain boundary movement. The optimizing effect of element La on carbides provides a more stable basic structure for the grain boundary strengthening and matrix strengthening of elements Y and Nd. The synergistic effect of these three elements significantly improves the high-temperature resistance of the bearing. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] Example 1 A high-temperature bearing comprises the following components by mass percentage: C 0.94%, Mn 0.4%, Si 0.66%, Mo 0.85%, Cr 6.2%, Al 0.45%, Nb 0.2%, V 0.35%, W 1.1%, La 0.009%, Y 0.011%, Nd 0.014%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities; A manufacturing process for a high-temperature resistant bearing includes the following steps: Weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentage, melt the raw materials to form an alloy liquid, pour it into a steel ingot, cool it to room temperature, hot roll the steel ingot at 1200℃ for 6 hours, air cool it to 600℃ and then rapidly cool it to room temperature to obtain a steel billet. The steel billet is then rolled at an initial temperature of 1050℃, held at this temperature for 10 minutes, with an initial rolling temperature of 860℃ and a final rolling temperature of 780℃. It is then rapidly cooled to 650℃ and air-cooled. The rolled steel billet is cut into segments, which are then heated at 800℃ for 55 minutes and forged at a forging ratio of 1.7 and 860℃ to obtain forgings. The forgings are then rolled and expanded to obtain bearing semi-finished products. The bearing semi-finished product was normalized at 880℃, held at that temperature for 3 hours, and then air-cooled. The normalized bearing semi-finished product was spheroidized annealed at 760℃ for 6 hours, cooled in the furnace, then heated to 860℃ and held for 20 minutes, followed by oil quenching, then heated to 150℃ at a heating rate of 6℃ / min and held for 7.0 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at 24℃ / min to obtain a high-temperature resistant bearing.
[0023] Example 2 A high-temperature bearing comprises the following components by mass percentage: C 0.87%, Mn 0.25%, Si 0.33%, Mo 0.55%, Cr 4.2%, Al 0.35%, Nb 0.1%, V 0.15%, W 0.5%, La 0.005%, Y 0.009%, Nd 0.006%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities; A manufacturing process for a high-temperature resistant bearing includes the following steps: Weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentage, melt the raw materials to form an alloy liquid, pour it into a steel ingot, cool it to room temperature, hot roll the steel ingot at 1250℃ for 4 hours, air cool it to 700℃ and then rapidly cool it to room temperature to obtain a steel billet. The steel billet is then rolled at an initial temperature of 1150℃, held at this temperature for 5 minutes, with an initial rolling temperature of 1000℃ and a final rolling temperature of 820℃. It is then rapidly cooled to 680℃ and air-cooled. The rolled steel billet is cut into segments, which are then heated at 900℃ for 35 minutes and forged at a forging ratio of 2.2 and 900℃ to obtain forgings. The forgings are then rolled and expanded to obtain bearing semi-finished products. The bearing semi-finished product was normalized at 940℃, held at that temperature for 2 hours, and then air-cooled. The normalized bearing semi-finished product was spheroidized annealed at 790℃ for 4 hours, cooled in the furnace, then heated to 880℃ and held for 15 minutes, followed by oil quenching, then heated to 150℃ at a heating rate of 6℃ / min and held for 7.0 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at 24℃ / min to obtain a high-temperature resistant bearing.
[0024] Example 3 A high-temperature bearing comprises the following components by mass percentage: C 0.90%, Mn 0.30%, Si 0.46%, Mo 0.68%, Cr 5.2%, Al 0.40%, Nb 0.15%, V 0.25%, W 0.85%, La 0.006%, Y 0.008%, Nd 0.008%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities; A manufacturing process for a high-temperature resistant bearing includes the following steps: Weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentage, melt the raw materials to form an alloy liquid, pour it into a steel ingot, cool it to room temperature, hot roll the steel ingot at 1220℃ for 5 hours, air cool it to 680℃ and then rapidly cool it to room temperature to obtain a steel billet. The steel billet is then rolled at an initial temperature of 1100℃, held at this temperature for 8 minutes, with an initial rolling temperature of 920℃ and a final rolling temperature of 800℃. It is then rapidly cooled to 660℃ and air-cooled. The rolled steel billet is cut into segments, which are then heated at 860℃ for 40 minutes and forged at a forging ratio of 2.0 and 880℃ to obtain forgings. The forgings are then rolled and expanded to obtain bearing semi-finished products. The bearing semi-finished product was normalized at 900℃, held at that temperature for 2.2 hours, and then air-cooled. The normalized bearing semi-finished product was spheroidized annealed at 780℃ for 4.8h, cooled in the furnace, then heated to 870℃ and held for 18min, followed by oil quenching, then heated to 150℃ at a heating rate of 6℃ / min and held for 7.0h, and then cooled to room temperature at 24℃ / min to obtain a high-temperature resistant bearing.
[0025] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 lies only in that it is a high-temperature bearing composed of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.90%, Mn 0.30%, Si 0.46%, Mo 0.68%, Cr 5.2%, Al 0.40%, Nb 0.15%, V 0.25%, W 0.85%, La 0.007%, Y 0.010%, Nd 0.006%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
[0026] Example 5 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 lies only in that it is a high-temperature bearing composed of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.90%, Mn 0.30%, Si 0.46%, Mo 0.68%, Cr 5.2%, Al 0.40%, Nb 0.15%, V 0.25%, W 0.85%, La 0.008%, Y 0.011%, Nd 0.010%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
[0027] Example 6 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 lies only in that it is a high-temperature bearing composed of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.90%, Mn 0.30%, Si 0.46%, Mo 0.68%, Cr 5.2%, Al 0.40%, Nb 0.15%, V 0.25%, W 0.85%, La 0.009%, Y 0.011%, Nd 0.013%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
[0028] Example 7 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 lies only in step S3 of the high-strength bearing preparation process. The normalized bearing semi-finished product is subjected to spheroidizing annealing at 780°C for 1.3 hours, cooled in the furnace, then heated to 870°C and held for 18 minutes. Subsequently, it is oil quenched, then heated to 250°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min and held for 4.5 hours. Finally, it is cooled to room temperature at 80°C / min to obtain a high-temperature resistant bearing.
[0029] Example 8 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 lies only in the use of two tempering treatments in step S3 of the high-strength bearing preparation process: the normalized bearing semi-finished product is spheroidized annealed at 780°C for 1.3 hours, cooled in the furnace, then heated to 870°C and held for 18 minutes, followed by oil quenching, and then subjected to the first tempering treatment by heating to 180°C at 10°C / min, holding for 2.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature at 35°C / min; the second tempering treatment is performed by heating to 200°C at 10°C / min, holding for 1.5 hours, cooling to 150°C at a cooling rate of 22°C / min, holding for 3.0 hours, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 55°C / min.
[0030] Example 9 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 lies only in the use of two tempering treatments in step S3 of the high-strength bearing manufacturing process: the normalized bearing semi-finished product is spheroidized annealed at 780°C for 1.3 hours, cooled in the furnace, then heated to 870°C and held for 18 minutes, followed by oil quenching, and then subjected to the first tempering treatment by heating to 190°C at 10°C / min, holding for 1.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature at 55°C / min; the second tempering treatment is performed by heating to 250°C at 10°C / min, holding for 1.0 hour, cooling to 170°C at a cooling rate of 40°C / min, holding for 2.0 hours, and cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 90°C / min.
[0031] Example 10 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 8 is only that the first tempering treatment involves heating to 180°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding for 2.5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 40°C / min; the second tempering treatment involves heating to 200°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding for 1.5 hours, then cooling to 150°C at a rate of 24°C / min, holding for 3.0 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 60°C / min.
[0032] Example 11 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 8 is only that the first tempering treatment involves heating to 180°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding for 2.5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 50°C / min; the second tempering treatment involves heating to 200°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding for 1.5 hours, then cooling to 150°C at a rate of 36°C / min, holding for 3.0 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 80°C / min.
[0033] Example 12 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 8 is only that the first tempering treatment involves heating to 180°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding for 2.5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 55°C / min; the second tempering treatment involves heating to 200°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding for 1.5 hours, then cooling to 150°C at a rate of 42°C / min, holding for 3.0 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at a rate of 85°C / min.
[0034] Comparative Example 1 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the element La is not added.
[0035] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that element Y is not added.
[0036] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the element Nd is not added.
[0037] The high-temperature bearings prepared in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested according to the following method: 1. Tensile strength: The test method is specified in GB / T 228.2-2015 "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: High temperature test method", and the test temperature is 600℃; 2. Hardness: The bearing hardness shall be tested in accordance with the test method specified in GB / T 230.2-2022 "Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test - Part 2: Inspection and calibration of hardness testers and indenters"; The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Performance test results of high-temperature bearings prepared in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3
[0038] 1. Compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the bearings prepared in Examples 1 to 12 have higher tensile strength at high temperature than the bearings prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the combination of La, Y and Nd in this invention can significantly improve the high temperature resistance of the bearings.
[0039] 2. Compared with Examples 3 to 6, the bearings prepared in Examples 4 to 5 still maintained a tensile strength of over 534 MPa at high temperatures, which is significantly better than the bearings prepared in Examples 3 and 6. This indicates that further limiting the addition of elements La, Y and Nd (0.023%≤La+Y+Nd≤0.029%) improves the high-temperature resistance of the bearings.
[0040] 3. Comparing Example 3 with Examples 7-12, the hardness values of the bearings obtained in Examples 10-11 are significantly higher than those obtained in Examples 3, 7-9, and 12. This indicates that selecting two cooling and tempering treatments, and controlling the cooling rate of the first tempering treatment to 40-50℃ / min, and the second tempering treatment to first use a cooling rate of 24-36℃ / min and then a cooling rate of 60-80℃ / min, has a positive effect on improving the hardness of the bearings.
[0041] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-temperature resistant bearing, characterized in that, It consists of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.87%~0.94%, Mn 0.25%~0.4%, Si 0.33%~0.66%, Mo 0.55%~0.85%, Cr 4.2%~6.2%, Al 0.35%~0.45%, Nb 0.1%~0.2%, V 0.15%~0.35%, W 0.5%~1.1%, La 0.005%~0.009%, Y 0.008%~0.011%, Nd 0.006%~0.014%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
2. A high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It consists of the following components by mass percentage: C 0.87%~0.94%, Mn 0.25%~0.4%, Si 0.33%~0.66%, Mo 0.55%~0.85%, Cr 4.2%~6.2%, Al 0.35%~0.45%, Nb 0.1%~0.2%, V 0.15%~0.35%, W 0.5%~1.1%, La 0.005%~0.009%, Y 0.008%~0.011%, Nd 0.006%~0.014%, with the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities, and 0.023%≤La+Y+Nd≤0.029%.
3. A manufacturing process for a high-temperature resistant bearing, used to manufacture the high-temperature resistant bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentage, melt the raw materials to form an alloy liquid, pour it into a steel ingot, cool it to room temperature, and hot roll the steel ingot to obtain a steel billet; S2. The steel billet is rolled, the rolled steel billet is cut into sections, heated and forged to obtain forgings, and the forgings are rolled and expanded to obtain bearing semi-finished products; S3. The bearing semi-finished product is subjected to normalizing and carburizing treatment; S4. After normalizing, the bearing semi-finished product undergoes spheroidizing annealing, quenching, and tempering, followed by precision grinding to obtain a high-temperature resistant bearing.
4. The manufacturing process of a high-strength bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hot rolling temperature is 1200~1250℃, the time is 4~6h, and the temperature is air-cooled to 600~700℃ and then cooled to room temperature; The initial rolling temperature is 1050~1150℃, the holding time is 5~10min, the initial rolling temperature is 860~1000℃, the final rolling temperature is 780~820℃, and the temperature is cooled to 650~680℃ and then air-cooled. The heating temperature is 800~900℃, and the holding time is 35~55min; The forging ratio is 1.7~2.2, and the temperature is 860~900℃.
5. The manufacturing process of a high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The normalizing treatment is performed at a temperature of 880~940℃, held for 2~3 hours, and then air-cooled.
6. The manufacturing process of a high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spheroidizing annealing treatment is performed at a temperature of 760~790℃ for 4~6 hours.
7. The manufacturing process of a high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The quenching process is carried out at a temperature of 860~880℃ for 15~20 minutes, followed by oil quenching.
8. The manufacturing process of a high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tempering process involves heating the temperature to 150-250°C at a rate of 6-10°C / min, holding it at that temperature for 4.5-7.0 hours, and then cooling it to room temperature at a rate of 24-80°C / min.
9. The manufacturing process of a high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tempering process includes a first tempering process and a second tempering process.
10. The manufacturing process of a high-temperature resistant bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first tempering treatment is performed at a temperature of 180~190℃, held for 1.5~2.5h, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 40~50℃ / min. During the second tempering process, the temperature is first maintained at 200~250℃ for 1.0~1.5h, then cooled from 200~250℃ to 150~170℃ at a cooling rate of 24~36℃ / min, maintained for 2.0~3.0h, and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 60~80℃ / min.