Old photovoltaic panel pyrolyzing furnace and pyrolyzing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of old photovoltaic panel recycling, in particular to an old photovoltaic panel pyrolyzing furnace and a pyrolyzing method.The old photovoltaic panel pyrolyzing furnace comprises an old photovoltaic panel conveying system, a pyrolyzing system connected with the old photovoltaic panel conveying system and a high-temperature incineration system connected with the pyrolyzing system; the pyrolysis system is used for pyrolyzing old photovoltaic panels on the old photovoltaic panel conveying system, and the high-temperature incineration system is used for receiving waste gas generated by the pyrolysis system. According to the method, a natural gas pyrolysis technology is adopted, and high-efficiency and high-quality recovery of a material level is realized through'mild dissection 'of an old photovoltaic panel; compared with a traditional electric pyrolysis technology, high-temperature natural gas is used for indirect heating, the temperature rise is fast, the thermal inertia is small, the heat conduction efficiency is high, the single-furnace treatment period is shortened by about 20-30%, and the energy cost is obviously lower than that of electricity; the equipment is integrated with an incineration system, black smoke and organic harmful gas generated by pyrolysis can be used as fuel for secondary high-temperature incineration, and pollution is radically treated from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of used photovoltaic panel recycling technology, and in particular to a used photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace and a pyrolysis method based on the used photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace. Background Technology

[0002] Some existing waste solar photovoltaic panels need to be pyrolyzed after they are scrapped to recover the relevant raw materials and achieve reuse.

[0003] Traditional pyrolysis methods generally employ electropyrolysis technology, which achieves pyrolysis through heating with resistance wires. This method relies entirely on industrial electricity, resulting in slow heating, high energy consumption, long processing cycles, and the resistance wires being prone to aging and requiring frequent replacement, leading to low processing efficiency and high costs.

[0004] The exhaust gas generated by pyrolysis can only be "passively treated" by the exhaust gas treatment device attached to the back end. The generated black smoke and complex exhaust gas are complicated and there is a risk of incomplete treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolysis method for old photovoltaic panels. It uses natural gas for high-temperature indirect heating, which results in rapid heating and low thermal inertia, greatly improving processing efficiency and reducing production costs. At the same time, it integrates a high-temperature incineration system, which has a high degree of system integration and stable long-term operation, thus eradicating pollution at its source.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a pyrolysis furnace for used photovoltaic panels, including a used photovoltaic panel conveying system, a pyrolysis system connected to the used photovoltaic panel conveying system, and a high-temperature incineration system connected to the pyrolysis system. The used photovoltaic panel conveying system is used for automatically conveying used photovoltaic panels and includes a conveyor belt and a conveyor belt drive connected to the conveyor belt. The pyrolysis system is used to pyrolyze the old photovoltaic panels on the old photovoltaic panel conveying system. It includes a pyrolysis furnace and a natural gas delivery mechanism connected to the inner cavity of the pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis furnace is provided with an outlet channel. The high-temperature incineration system is used to receive the waste gas generated by the pyrolysis system and incinerate the waste gas at high temperature. It includes an incinerator and a combustion mechanism connected to the incinerator. The incinerator is equipped with an air inlet channel.

[0007] To ensure safety, the present invention also includes an exhaust gas transfer box, which is connected to the exhaust gas channel and the intake gas channel respectively.

[0008] To simplify the overall structure and facilitate installation between the waste gas transfer box and the pyrolysis furnace and incinerator, the waste gas transfer box is located at the inlet end of the pyrolysis furnace, the side of the waste gas transfer box is connected to the outlet end of the exhaust channel, and the top of the waste gas transfer box is connected to the inlet end of the intake channel.

[0009] To further reduce the footprint of the entire equipment, the incinerator is located on top of the pyrolysis furnace. One end of the incinerator is connected to the waste gas transfer box through an air inlet channel, and the other end is equipped with an exhaust channel.

[0010] To facilitate the collection of exhaust gas, the exhaust channel is located at the top of the pyrolysis furnace, and the top of the pyrolysis furnace has several exhaust holes that are connected to the exhaust channel.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for pyrolyzing used photovoltaic panels, wherein the pyrolysis method uses the aforementioned used photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace and includes the following steps: (1) The old photovoltaic panels are fed into the pyrolysis furnace by the old photovoltaic panel conveying system; (2) During the transportation of old photovoltaic panels, the natural gas delivery mechanism continuously delivers high-temperature natural gas to the pyrolysis furnace to pyrolyze the old photovoltaic panels that are passing through; (3) The waste gas generated during the pyrolysis process enters the incinerator, where the combustion mechanism burns and decomposes the waste gas into CO2 and H2O, which are then discharged. (4) All components after pyrolysis are recovered by the recovery system.

[0012] Preferably, the pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 250-700℃, and the incineration temperature in the incinerator is 850-1300℃.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts natural gas pyrolysis technology, which achieves efficient and high-quality material-level recycling through the "gentle dissection" of old photovoltaic panels; compared with traditional electropyrolysis technology, high-temperature natural gas indirect heating results in rapid temperature rise, low thermal inertia, and high heat transfer efficiency, shortening the single furnace processing cycle by about 20%-30%, and significantly reducing energy costs compared to electricity; the equipment integrates an incineration system, which can use the black smoke (incompletely burned carbon particles) and organic harmful gases (such as benzene compounds and hydrocarbons) generated by pyrolysis as fuel for secondary high-temperature incineration, completely decomposing them into CO2 and H2O, thus eradicating pollution at its source. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "side", "end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0017] like Figure 1 The pyrolysis furnace for used photovoltaic panels shown includes a used photovoltaic panel conveying system, a pyrolysis system connected to the used photovoltaic panel conveying system, and a high-temperature incineration system connected to the pyrolysis system. Specifically, the old photovoltaic panel conveying system is used to automatically convey old photovoltaic panels, including a conveyor belt 1 and a conveyor belt drive connected to the conveyor belt 1. The conveyor belt drive adopts a servo motor and continuously conveys the panels without stopping during the pyrolysis process. Specifically, the pyrolysis system is used to pyrolyze the old photovoltaic panels on the old photovoltaic panel conveying system. It includes a pyrolysis furnace 2 and a natural gas supply mechanism connected to the inner cavity of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The pyrolysis furnace 2 is sleeved outside the conveyor belt 1, and the inlet end and outlet end of the conveyor belt 1 are respectively set outside the pyrolysis furnace 2. During the pyrolysis process, the natural gas supply mechanism continuously supplies high-temperature natural gas into the pyrolysis furnace 2. An outlet channel 4 is fixed on the top of the pyrolysis furnace 2. Several outlet holes 3 connected to the outlet channel 4 are opened on the top of the pyrolysis furnace 2 along its length. The mixed gas after pyrolysis enters the outlet channel 4 through the outlet holes 3. The left end of the outlet channel 4 is the outlet. Specifically, the high-temperature incineration system is used to receive the waste gas generated by the pyrolysis system and incinerate the waste gas at high temperature. It includes an incinerator 7 and a combustion mechanism connected to the incinerator 7. The incinerator 7 is fixed to the top of the pyrolysis furnace 2. An air inlet channel 6 is provided on the incinerator 7. The air inlet channel 6 is located at the bottom left end of the incinerator 7. An exhaust channel 8 is provided at the right end of the incinerator 7. In addition, a waste gas transfer box 5 is provided between the pyrolysis system and the high-temperature incineration system. The waste gas transfer box 5 is located at the inlet end (left end) of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The side of the waste gas transfer box 5 is connected to the outlet end of the gas outlet channel 4, and the top of the waste gas transfer box 5 is connected to the inlet end of the gas inlet channel 6.

[0018] During processing, the old photovoltaic panels from the previous station are sent to the photovoltaic panel conveying system and fed into the pyrolysis furnace 2 by conveyor belt 1, achieving non-stop conveying; During the transportation of old photovoltaic panels, the natural gas delivery mechanism continuously supplies high-temperature natural gas at 400°C to the pyrolysis furnace to pyrolyze the passing old photovoltaic panels; The waste gas generated during the pyrolysis process is mixed with natural gas and enters the outlet channel 4. It then enters the incinerator 7 through the waste gas transfer box 5 and the inlet channel 6. The waste gas transfer box 5 can control the inlet rate. The combustion mechanism in the incinerator 7 burns the waste gas at a high temperature of 900℃ and decomposes it into CO2 and H2O. The pollution-free gas is discharged through the exhaust channel 8. After pyrolysis, all components are recovered by a recycling system, which can recover high-purity glass, high-grade aluminum, copper, precious metals (such as silver paste), silicon, etc.

[0019] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, principle and application direction of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace, comprising an old photovoltaic panel conveying system, a pyrolysis system connected with the old photovoltaic panel conveying system, and a high-temperature incineration system connected with the pyrolysis system, characterized in that: the old photovoltaic panel conveying system is used for automatically conveying old photovoltaic panels, comprising a conveyor belt and a conveyor belt drive connected with the conveyor belt; the pyrolysis system is used for pyrolyzing old photovoltaic panels on the old photovoltaic panel conveying system, comprising a pyrolysis furnace and a natural gas feeding mechanism connected with the inner cavity of the pyrolysis furnace, and an exhaust passage is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace; the high-temperature incineration system is used for receiving waste gas generated by the pyrolysis system and high-temperature incinerating the waste gas, comprising an incineration furnace and a combustion mechanism connected with the incineration furnace, and an air inlet passage is arranged on the incineration furnace. Further comprising a waste gas transfer box, which is connected with the exhaust passage and the air inlet passage respectively. The waste gas transfer box is arranged at the inlet end of the pyrolysis furnace, the side part of the waste gas transfer box is connected with the outlet end of the exhaust passage, and the top part of the waste gas transfer box is connected with the inlet end of the air inlet passage. The incineration furnace is arranged at the top end of the pyrolysis furnace, one end of the incineration furnace is connected with the waste gas transfer box through the air inlet passage, and the other end is provided with an exhaust passage.

2. The old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust passage is arranged at the top end of the pyrolysis furnace, and a plurality of exhaust holes are arranged at the top end of the pyrolysis furnace and connected with the exhaust passage.

3. The old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pyrolysis method adopts the old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps:

4. The old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: (1) The old photovoltaic panel is sent into the pyrolysis furnace by the old photovoltaic panel conveying system; 5. The old photovoltaic panel pyrolysis furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: (2) In the conveying process of the old photovoltaic panel, the natural gas feeding mechanism continuously feeds high-temperature natural gas to the pyrolysis furnace to pyrolyze the passing old photovoltaic panel; 6. A method of pyrolysis of old photovoltaic panels, characterized by: (3) The waste gas generated in the pyrolysis process enters the incineration furnace, and the combustion mechanism in the incineration furnace burns and decomposes the waste gas into CO2 and H2O, and finally discharges; (4) The components after pyrolysis are recovered by the recovery system. The pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 250-700℃, and the incineration temperature in the incineration furnace is 850-1300℃. ​ ​ 7. The method of pyrolysis of old photovoltaic panels according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that: ​

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