High-expansion-rate solid-state battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid-state battery cells, and discloses a high-expansion-rate solid-state battery which comprises a battery cell and a shell, the battery cell is fixedly installed in the shell, connecting terminals are arranged at the two ends of the shell, the connecting terminals at the two ends are connected with the two ends of the battery cell, and a gas cavity filled with compressed gas is formed between the shell and the battery cell. A partition plate for dividing the air cavity into an inner air cavity and an outer air cavity is further arranged in the air cavity, the battery cell is arranged in the inner air cavity, the outer air cavity is arranged between the partition plate and the shell, circulating ports for communicating the outer air cavity with the inner air cavity are further formed in the partition plate, and ventilation plates for controlling the opening and closing states of the circulating ports are rotationally mounted on the two or more groups of circulating ports; in the charging and discharging process of the battery cell, local airflow concentration and pressure sudden change caused by air inlet can be avoided, meanwhile, pressure fluctuation of the inner air cavity caused by air impact is prevented, the air inflation mode is small in air density difference, the mixing process is gentle, and therefore it is effectively ensured that the pressure of the inner air cavity can be stably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-state battery technology, specifically to a high expansion rate solid-state battery. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state batteries are a new type of battery technology that uses a solid electrolyte instead of a traditional liquid electrolyte. Their core lies in the electrolyte, which is composed of solid materials. This electrolyte not only safely conducts lithium ions but also completely eliminates the flammability and explosion risks associated with liquid batteries, significantly improving safety. Simultaneously, solid-state batteries have higher energy density, storing more electricity in the same volume or weight, thus substantially increasing the driving range of electric vehicles or the standby time of electronic devices.

[0003] However, existing battery technologies using cylindrical cells all face varying degrees of expansion issues. The cell expansion rate of lithium / magnesium / sodium / potassium / zinc metal batteries ranges from 8% to 50%; the cell expansion rate of electrodeless lithium / magnesium / sodium / potassium / zinc ion batteries (including liquid and solid-state) is 15%-50%; and batteries using high silicon / tin content anodes (Si, Sn content > 15%) also have a cell expansion rate in the range of 8%-50%. This expansion poses a certain risk to thicker batteries, potentially rupturing the aluminum-plastic film of the outer casing. Especially in the later stages of cycling, as battery degradation and side reactions increase, the expansion rate can reach over 50%, posing a significant accident risk. Therefore, a certain pressure is required during battery charging to ensure interface contact. However, existing casings that can provide pressure to the battery often cannot achieve uniform pressure application. Some devices that use isostatic pressure application may experience local pressure that is too high or too low at the moment of gas medium injection, causing fluctuations in the pressure on the battery and thus affecting battery performance and lifespan. Moreover, during the use of solid-state batteries, internal heating is usually uneven. This uneven temperature distribution causes local pressure changes in the pressure medium surrounding the cell due to uneven heating, thereby disrupting the originally uniform pressure field and causing an imbalance in the pressure distribution acting on the cell surface, which in turn affects the battery and accelerates performance degradation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problem to be solved: In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a high expansion rate solid-state battery with the advantage of being able to apply pressure to the battery evenly, thus solving the problem that existing solid-state battery pressure application equipment cannot apply pressure to the solid-state battery evenly.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution: To achieve the above-mentioned objective of uniformly applying pressure to the battery, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high expansion rate solid-state battery, comprising a cell and a casing, wherein the cell is fixedly installed inside the casing, and the casing is provided with connecting terminals at both ends, which are connected to the two ends of the cell. A gas chamber filled with compressed gas is provided between the casing and the cell, and a partition is provided inside the gas chamber to divide it into an inner gas chamber and an outer gas chamber. The cell is disposed in the inner gas chamber, and the outer gas chamber is disposed between the partition and the casing. The partition is also provided with a circulation port that connects the outer gas chamber and the inner gas chamber. Two or more sets of circulation ports are equidistantly arranged on the partition, and a ventilation plate that controls the opening and closing state is rotatably installed on the two or more sets of circulation ports. One side of the ventilation plate is in contact with the inner gas chamber, and the other side of the ventilation plate is in contact with the outer gas chamber. The ventilation plate rotates with the pressure difference between the inner and outer gas chambers and changes the opening and closing state of the circulation port.

[0006] Preferably, the ventilation plate is installed inside the circulation port via a rotating shaft, a sealing strip is provided around the circulation port, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the circulation port, and a torsion spring is provided between the ventilation plate and the rotating shaft to close the circulation port.

[0007] When the air pressure in the outer air chamber is greater than the air pressure in the inner air chamber, and the pressure difference between the inner and outer air chambers exerts a thrust on the ventilation plate greater than the spring force of the torsion spring, the thrust drives the ventilation plate to rotate around the pivot, opening the circulation port, and the gas in the outer air chamber flows into the inner air chamber through the circulation port; when the pressure difference between the inner and outer air chambers exerts a thrust on the ventilation plate less than the spring force of the torsion spring, the torsion spring drives the ventilation plate to rotate in the opposite direction to reset and close the circulation port.

[0008] Preferably, the length of the battery cell is less than the length of the outer casing. Both ends of the battery cell are fixedly connected to the outer casing, and one end of the battery cell is fixedly connected to the connecting terminal. A radially expandable conductive sheet is also provided between the other end of the battery cell and the connecting terminal. The conductive sheet is fixedly connected to the battery cell, and the conductive sheet is slidably sealed to the outer casing. When the air pressure in the inner air cavity increases, it pushes the conductive sheet to move axially and connect it to the connecting terminal at the other end.

[0009] Preferably, a drive wheel for driving the partition to rotate is also fixedly installed on the outer shell. The drive wheel is connected to a drive structure. Inclined guide vanes are provided on both the inner and outer sides of the partition. When the partition rotates around its axis, the guide vanes on the inner and outer sides of the partition disturb the gas in the inner and outer air chambers, respectively. This causes the air pressure in the outer air chamber to increase radially near the partition and the ventilation plate, while the air pressure in the inner air chamber to decrease radially near the partition and the ventilation plate.

[0010] Preferably, the circulation port is provided with protruding limiting plates on both sides of its circumference. One set of the limiting plates is located on the outer end face of the circulation port facing the outer air cavity, and the other set of the limiting plates is located on the inner end face of the circulation port facing the inner air cavity. The two sets of limiting plates form a limiting fit with the inner and outer sides of the ventilation plate, respectively, restricting the ventilation plate to rotate and open only around the pivot in the direction of the inner air cavity. When the ventilation plate returns to the closed state under the action of the torsion spring, the two sides of the ventilation plate are respectively fitted with the two sets of limiting plates to form a sealed connection.

[0011] Preferably, the total length of the two sets of limiting plates is less than the length of the ventilation plate.

[0012] Preferably, the outer shell and the partition are cylindrical, and the partition and the outer shell are coaxially mounted, with two or more sets of the circulation ports arranged in an equidistant array along the circumferential direction of the partition.

[0013] Preferably, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed in the internal air cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the drive wheel is sealed to the housing.

[0015] Preferably, the air chamber is provided with an inflation hole, and there are two or more sets of inflation holes, which are evenly distributed in the inner air chamber and the outer air chamber; the inflation hole is connected to an air compressor, and an elastic strain gauge is provided inside the battery cell.

[0016] Preferably, the compressed gas filling the gas chamber is compressed nitrogen.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a high expansion rate solid-state battery with the following beneficial effects: 1. The high expansion rate solid-state battery, through the combined use of the ventilation plate structure and the circulation port structure, allows compressed gas to flow into the inner air cavity through multiple sets of circulation ports, avoiding local airflow concentration and sudden pressure changes caused by single-channel air intake, and can accurately control the gas flow rate to prevent gas impact from causing pressure fluctuations in the inner air cavity. At the same time, since multiple sets of circulation ports are used to inject gas from the outer air cavity to the inner air cavity, this inflation method has small gas density differences and a smooth mixing process, thereby effectively ensuring that the pressure in the inner air cavity can rise steadily, so that the pressure on the cell can be increased stably and evenly, effectively solving the problems of large pressure fluctuations and poor uniformity in traditional pressure application equipment.

[0018] 2. This high expansion rate solid-state battery utilizes a combination of a drive wheel structure and a separator structure. During the charging and discharging process of the battery cell, the drive wheel drives the separator to rotate, causing the guide vanes to disturb the gas in the inner and outer air chambers, improving gas flow efficiency, and allowing the heat generated by the battery cell to dissipate rapidly. This results in a more uniform gas temperature around the battery cell, avoiding the impact of pressure changes caused by localized temperature variations on the battery cell. Furthermore, the rotation of the guide vanes alters the gas pressure distribution, increasing the pressure difference on both sides of the ventilation plate, thereby adjusting the opening threshold of the ventilation plate. Simultaneously, it can push the gas in the outer air chamber to flow into the inner air chamber. Even if the external air compressor is not running to replenish gas, it can still help replenish the gas pressure loss in the inner air chamber, maintaining stable gas pressure in the inner air chamber. Moreover, the guide vanes can cause the gas in the inner air chamber to gather towards the surface of the battery cell, thereby increasing the gas pressure on the surface of the battery cell and further ensuring uniform pressure application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the high expansion rate solid-state battery in this invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the high expansion rate solid-state battery structure in this invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the high expansion rate solid-state battery in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the separator structure of the high expansion rate solid-state battery in this invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the separator structure of the high expansion rate solid-state battery in this invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing of the ventilation plate structure of the high expansion rate solid-state battery in this invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive sheet structure of the high expansion rate solid-state battery in this invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Battery cell; 11. Housing; 12. Connecting terminal; 13. Inflation hole; 2. Partition plate; 21. Circulation port; 211. Limiting plate; 22. Ventilation plate; 23. Rotating shaft; 24. Guide vane; 25. Drive wheel; 3. Inner air chamber; 4. Outer air chamber; 5. Conductive sheet; 6. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Please see Figures 1-7A high expansion rate solid-state battery includes a cell 1 and a casing 11. The cell 1 is fixedly installed inside the casing 11. The casing 11 has connection terminals 12 at both ends, which are connected to the two ends of the cell 1, enabling the battery to connect to an external circuit for electrical power. The two connection terminals 12 are physically and electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals inside the cell 1, respectively. One end of the cell 1 is fixedly connected to the corresponding connection terminal 12, while the other end is connected via an axially sliding conductive sheet 5. A sliding seal is used between the conductive sheet 5 and the inner wall of the casing 11, allowing the cell 1 to undergo slight axial displacement when expanding or under pressure, effectively releasing stress and preventing structural damage. A gas chamber filled with compressed gas is provided between the casing 11 and the cell 1, providing a uniform radial pressure field for the solid-state cell 1. The air chamber is further divided into an inner air chamber 3 and an outer air chamber 4 by a partition 2. The battery cell 1 is located in the inner air chamber 3, while the outer air chamber 4 is located between the partition 2 and the outer shell 11. The inner air chamber 3 is the cavity that encloses the battery cell 1, and its internal pressure directly acts on the surface of the battery cell 1. The outer air chamber 4, located between the partition 2 and the outer shell 11, serves as a pressure reserve and regulation area. This chamber design aims to achieve cascaded pressure control and dynamic buffering. By actively regulating the pressure of the outer air chamber 4, the pressure of the inner air chamber 3 can be indirectly and smoothly affected, avoiding pressure fluctuations that may be caused by directly charging or decharging the inner air chamber 3, thereby providing an extremely stable and uniform pressure environment for the battery cell 1. The partition 2 is also provided with circulation ports 21 that connect the outer air chamber 4 and the inner air chamber 3. Two or more sets of circulation ports 21 are equidistantly arranged on the partition 2, and ventilation plates 22 are rotatably mounted on these ports to control their opening and closing states. By setting multiple circulation ports 21 and equidistantly distributing them on the partition 2, the large airflow can be decomposed into multiple small, evenly distributed airflows. These airflows enter the inner air chamber 3 synchronously from different directions, allowing the gas to quickly and evenly diffuse throughout the entire inner air chamber 3 space. This achieves a synchronous and uniform pressure increase within the inner air chamber 3, fundamentally eliminating local pressure concentration or gradient phenomena. One side of the ventilation plate 22 contacts the inner air chamber 3, and the other side contacts the outer air chamber 4. The ventilation plate 22 rotates according to the pressure difference between the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4, changing the opening and closing state of the circulation ports 21. Figure 6 As shown.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-7The ventilation plate 22 is installed inside the circulation port 21 via a rotating shaft 23. A sealing strip is provided around the circulation port 21. The sealing strip is preferably made of aging-resistant, high-resilience silicone rubber material and is embedded in the sealing groove of the circulation port 21 through an interference fit, forming a reliable soft seal when the ventilation plate 22 is closed. The rotating shaft 23 is fixedly connected to the circulation port 21 to prevent displacement or loosening under repeated air pressure. A torsion spring is provided between the ventilation plate 22 and the rotating shaft 23 to close the circulation port 21. This torsion spring is pre-tightened during assembly, ensuring that the ventilation plate 22 always maintains a closed tendency without external force. When the air pressure in the outer air chamber 4 is greater than the air pressure in the inner air chamber 3, and the pressure difference between the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4 generates a thrust on the ventilation plate 22 that is greater than the spring force of the torsion spring, the thrust drives the ventilation plate 22 to rotate around the shaft 23, causing the circulation port 21 to open, and the gas in the outer air chamber 4 flows into the inner air chamber 3 through the circulation port 21; when the pressure difference between the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4 generates a thrust on the ventilation plate 22 that is less than the spring force of the torsion spring, the torsion spring drives the ventilation plate 22 to rotate in the opposite direction to reset and close the circulation port 21.

[0030] Please see Figures 1-7 In use, compressed nitrogen is first introduced into the outer air chamber 4 and the inner air chamber 3 through the inflation port 13. The compressed nitrogen in the inner air chamber 3 can coat the surface of the battery cell 1, creating a stable pressure field for the battery cell 1. By continuously injecting compressed nitrogen into the inner air chamber 3, the density of compressed nitrogen in the inner air chamber 3 gradually increases, and the pressure rises synchronously. Taking advantage of the property of gas molecules diffusing to low-pressure areas, the compressed nitrogen pressure at all positions in the inner air chamber 3 eventually tends to be uniform, achieving omnidirectional uniform pressure on the battery cell 1. The inflation process of the outer air chamber 4 is the same as that of the inner air chamber 3, but the final air pressure of the outer air chamber 4 is higher than that of the inner air chamber 3. Furthermore, the pressure difference generated between the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4 does not exceed the initial elastic force of the torsion spring on the air exchange plate 22. Therefore, in the initial state, the air exchange plate 22 does not rotate, and the circulation port 21 remains closed, thereby achieving mutual isolation between the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-7During the charging or discharging process of cell 1, the inflation port 13 of the inner air chamber 3 remains closed, and compressed nitrogen is circulated only through the inflation port 13 of the outer air chamber 4. When cell 1 expands, compressed nitrogen is injected into the outer air chamber 4, causing the density and pressure of the compressed nitrogen in the outer air chamber 4 to gradually increase synchronously. The force exerted by the outer air chamber 4 on the ventilation plate 22 gradually increases accordingly. This force pushes the ventilation plate 22 to rotate towards the inner air chamber 3, thereby opening the circulation port 21, allowing the compressed nitrogen in the outer air chamber 4 to flow into the inner air chamber 3 through the circulation port 21. This process continues until the pressure difference between the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4 returns to its initial state. During this process, compressed nitrogen enters the inner air chamber 3 from the outer air chamber 4 through multiple sets of circulation ports 21, effectively avoiding localized airflow concentration and sudden pressure changes caused by a single-channel intake. Furthermore, the ventilation plate 22 opens gradually at a uniform speed, precisely controlling the nitrogen inflow rate and preventing pressure fluctuations caused by rapid gas impact. Simultaneously, the density difference between the compressed nitrogen flowing from the outer air chamber 4 into the inner air chamber 3 and the existing nitrogen in the inner air chamber 3 is small, resulting in a smooth gas mixing process and preventing localized pressure imbalances due to density differences. Through the synergistic effect of these three factors, the pressure in the inner air chamber 3 can gradually increase in a continuous and stable manner, thereby ensuring a stable and uniform increase in pressure on the battery cell 1.

[0032] Please see Figures 1-7 The length of the battery cell 1 is less than the length of the outer casing 11. Both ends of the battery cell 1 are fixedly connected to the outer casing 11, thus reserving an axial displacement space at the other end while one end of the battery cell 1 is fixedly connected to the corresponding connecting terminal 12. A radially expandable conductive sheet 5 is provided between the other end of the battery cell 1 and the connecting terminal 12. The conductive sheet 5 is fixedly connected to the battery cell 1, and its periphery is slidably sealed to the outer casing 11, ensuring both the continuity of the electrical path during axial movement of the battery cell 1 and preventing leakage of high-pressure gas in the inner air chamber 3. An elastic conductive element, such as a disc spring or a metal corrugated sheet, can be further provided on the side of the conductive sheet 5 facing the corresponding connecting terminal 12, which remains separated from the terminal in its natural state. When compressed gas is injected into the inner air chamber 3, as the pressure increases, the gas acts on the side of the conductive sheet 5 facing away from the connecting terminal 12, pushing the entire conductive sheet 5 to produce a slight axial displacement towards the corresponding connecting terminal 12. Only when the pressure in the internal gas chamber 3 reaches a preset threshold, sufficient to push the conductive sheet 5 to overcome internal resistance and make contact with the connection terminal 12, is the main circuit of the battery cell 1 fully connected. This ensures that the battery cell 1 can only perform normal charging or discharging operations when the internal pressure is sufficient to guarantee good contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrode interface. This avoids problems such as a surge in interface impedance, accelerated lithium dendrite growth, capacity decay, and even thermal runaway caused by forcibly using the battery when the pressure is insufficient.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-7 A drive wheel 25 for rotating the partition 2 is fixedly mounted on the outer casing 11. The drive wheel 25 is connected to a drive structure and provides power for the rotation of the partition 2. The drive wheel 25 is fixedly connected to the central shaft of the internal partition 2 via a shaft penetrating the wall of the outer casing 11. A rotary seal, such as a mechanical seal or a high-performance O-ring, is provided at the point where the shaft passes through the outer casing 11 to ensure the air chamber's sealing is not affected. The drive wheel 25 itself can be connected to an external drive structure via a toothed belt, gear set, or coupling. The drive structure uses a micro motor. Through program settings, it can actively start, stop, or adjust the rotational speed of the partition 2 based on the operating status of the battery cell 1, such as the charge / discharge rate, internal temperature, or pressure readings, thereby dynamically adjusting the flow field and pressure distribution within the air chamber. Inclined guide vanes 24 are provided on both the inner and outer sides of the partition 2. The guide vanes 24 are arranged spirally at a certain angle relative to the radius of the partition 2, similar to the impeller of a centrifugal fan. Please refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the partition 2 rotates around its axis, the guide vanes 24 on the inner and outer sides of the partition 2 disturb the gas in the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4 respectively, causing the air pressure in the outer air chamber 4 to increase radially close to the partition 2 and the air exchange plate 22, while the air pressure in the inner air chamber 3 to decrease radially close to the partition 2 and the air exchange plate 22. The circulation port 21 has protruding limiting plates 211 on both sides of its circumference. One set of limiting plates 211 is located on the outer end face of the circulation port 21 facing the outer air chamber 4, and the other set of limiting plates 211 is located on the inner end face of the circulation port 21 facing the inner air chamber 3. The two sets of limiting plates 211 form a limiting engagement with the inner and outer sides of the ventilation plate 22, respectively, restricting the ventilation plate 22 to rotate and open only around the pivot 23 in the direction of the inner air chamber 3. When the ventilation plate 22 returns to the closed state of the circulation port 21 under the action of the torsion spring, the two sides of the ventilation plate 22 are respectively fitted with the two sets of limiting plates 211 to form a sealed connection. The contact end faces of the limiting plates 211 and the ventilation plate 22 are machined with flat and inlaid elastic sealing material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or soft metal gaskets.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-7When the battery cell 1 is in a charging / discharging state, the drive wheel 25 drives the partition 2 to rotate within the air chamber. The guide vanes 24 on the partition 2 disturb the gas in the inner and outer air chambers 4, thereby accelerating the flow rate of the gas in the two air chambers. With the increased gas flow rate, the heat generated by the battery cell 1 during charging and discharging can be transferred to the surrounding gas more quickly and diffused thereafter. However, traditional isostatic pressure equipment has low internal gas flow efficiency, and the uneven heating of the battery cell 1 itself can easily lead to local gas temperature rise, which in turn causes pressure changes in that area and affects the battery cell 1. In this application, the guide vanes 24 drive the gas flow in the inner and outer air chambers 4, effectively improving the gas flow efficiency, thereby making the gas temperature distribution in the two air chambers more uniform and avoiding the pressure problems caused by local temperature changes from affecting the battery cell 1. At the same time, since the circulation port 21 and the ventilation plate 22 also rotate during this process, when the circulation port 21 is opened, the gas distribution entering the inner air chamber 3 from the circulation hole can be made more uniform. Furthermore, when the drive wheel 25 drives the baffle 2 to rotate in the opposite direction to the tilting direction of the guide vane 24, the rotation of the baffle 2 will drive the tilted guide vane 24 to move synchronously. At this time, the gas in the outer air chamber 4 that is radially close to the baffle 2 and the ventilation plate 22 will be compressed by the tilted guide vane 24, the gas molecules will be compressed and the density will increase, thus increasing the air pressure in this area. Meanwhile, the gas in the inner air chamber 3 that is radially close to the baffle 2 and the ventilation plate 22 will form a smoother flow trend under the guidance of the tilted guide vane 24, the gas molecules will be relatively dispersed and the density will decrease, thus decreasing the air pressure in this area. This change in air pressure distribution will increase the pressure difference on both sides of the ventilation plate 22, thereby reducing the opening of the ventilation plate 22. The required pressure difference threshold, and if the outer air chamber 4 stops being filled, the guide vane 24 will still generate a driving force on the gas as the partition 2 continues to rotate, pushing the gas in the outer air chamber 4 to flow continuously into the inner air chamber 3, replenishing the air pressure loss in the inner air chamber 3 that may be caused by changes in the state of the battery cell 1, thereby maintaining the stability of the air pressure in the inner air chamber 3, and thus ensuring that the air pressure in the inner air chamber 3 is always higher than that in the outer air chamber 4; at the same time, the rotation of the guide vane 24 will cause the gas in the inner air chamber 3 to form a directional flow trend, causing the gas to accumulate on the surface of the battery cell 1, making the gas molecule density near the surface of the battery cell 1 in the inner air chamber 3 higher than that near the partition 2, thereby making the air pressure distributed on the surface of the battery cell 1 greater than the air pressure at the location of the partition 2, further increasing the pressure on the battery cell 1.

[0035] Please see Figures 1-7The total length of the two sets of limiting plates 211 is less than the length of the ventilation plate 22. The outer shell 11 and the partition 2 are cylindrical, and the partition 2 and the outer shell 11 are coaxially mounted. Two or more sets of circulation ports 21 are arranged in an equidistant array along the circumference of the partition 2. A pressure sensor 6 is fixedly installed in the inner air chamber 3. The pressure sensor 6 is directly installed in the inner air chamber 3 to monitor the actual pressure value acting on the inner air chamber 3 in real time. The pressure sensor 6 adopts a piezoresistive or capacitive miniature sensor, and its lead wire is led out to the outside through the outer shell 11. The pressure sensor 6 can feed back the real-time pressure signal of the inner air chamber 3 to the external control system, and the system can intelligently determine whether air replenishment or adjustment of the speed of the partition 2 is required. The drive wheel 25 is sealed to the outer shell 11. An air filling hole 13 is provided on the air chamber. There are two or more sets of air filling holes 13, and the two or more sets of air filling holes 13 are evenly distributed in the inner air chamber 3 and the outer air chamber 4. An air compressor is connected to the air filling hole 13, and an elastic strain gauge is installed in the battery cell 1. The compressed gas filled in the air chamber is compressed nitrogen.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-expansion solid-state battery, comprising an electric core (1) and a shell (11), the electric core (1) being fixedly installed in the shell (11), the shell (11) being provided with connecting terminals (12) at both ends, the connecting terminals (12) at both ends being connected to both ends of the electric core (1), and a gas cavity filled with compressed gas being arranged between the shell (11) and the electric core (1), characterized in that: The air cavity is also provided with a partition plate (2) separating it into an inner air cavity (3) and an outer air cavity (4), the battery cell (1) is arranged in the inner air cavity (3), the outer air cavity (4) is arranged between the partition plate (2) and the shell (11), the partition plate (2) is also provided with circulation ports (21) connecting the outer air cavity (4) and the inner air cavity (3), the circulation ports (21) are arranged in two or more groups on the partition plate (2) at equal intervals, and the circulation ports (21) in two or more groups are rotatably arranged with air exchange plates (22) controlling the opening and closing state thereof; one side of the air exchange plate (22) is in contact with the inner air cavity (3), the other side of the air exchange plate (22) is in contact with the outer air cavity (4), and the air exchange plate (22) rotates with the pressure difference between the inner air cavity (3) and the outer air cavity (4) and changes the opening and closing state of the circulation port (21).

2. The high swelling rate solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized by: The air exchange plate (22) is arranged in the circulation port (21) through a rotating shaft (23), a sealing strip is arranged around the circulation port (21), and the rotating shaft (23) is fixedly connected with the circulation port (21); a torsional spring is arranged between the air exchange plate (22) and the rotating shaft (23) to close the circulation port (21); When the air pressure value in the outer air cavity (4) is greater than the air pressure value in the inner air cavity (3), and the thrust generated by the pressure difference between the inner air cavity (3) and the outer air cavity (4) on the air exchange plate (22) is greater than the elastic force of the torsional spring, the thrust drives the air exchange plate (22) to rotate around the rotating shaft (23) to open the circulation port (21), and the gas in the outer air cavity (4) flows into the inner air cavity (3) through the circulation port (21); when the thrust generated by the pressure difference between the inner air cavity (3) and the outer air cavity (4) on the air exchange plate (22) is less than the elastic force of the torsional spring, the torsional spring drives the air exchange plate (22) to rotate reversely to reset and close the circulation port (21).

3. The high swelling rate solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized by: The length of the battery cell (1) is less than the length of the shell (11), both ends of the battery cell (1) are fixedly connected with the shell (11), one end of the battery cell (1) is fixedly connected with the connecting terminal (12), and the other end of the battery cell (1) is also provided with a conductive sheet (5) capable of radial expansion and contraction, the conductive sheet (5) is fixedly connected with the battery cell (1), and the conductive sheet (5) is in sliding and sealing connection with the shell (11) around, and when the air pressure in the inner air cavity (3) rises, the conductive sheet (5) moves axially and is in communication with the other end of the connecting terminal (12).

4. The high swelling solid-state battery of claim 1, wherein: The shell (11) is further provided with a driving wheel (25) for driving the rotation of the partition plate (2), the driving wheel (25) is connected with a driving structure, the inner side and the outer side of the partition plate (2) are provided with inclined guide vanes (24), and when the partition plate (2) rotates around its axis, the guide vanes (24) on the inner side and the outer side of the partition plate (2) respectively disturb the gas in the inner air cavity (3) and the outer air cavity (4), so that the air pressure at the position of the outer air cavity (4) radially close to the partition plate (2) and the air exchange plate (22) is increased, and the air pressure at the position of the inner air cavity (3) radially close to the partition plate (2) and the air exchange plate (22) is decreased.

5. The high swelling solid-state battery of claim 2, wherein: The circulation port (21) is provided with a pair of protruding limiting plates (211) on both sides in the circumferential direction, one group of the limiting plates (211) is arranged on the outer side end surface of the circulation port (21) facing the outer air cavity (4), and the other group of the limiting plates (211) is arranged on the inner side end surface of the circulation port (21) facing the inner air cavity (3); the two groups of limiting plates (211) respectively form a limiting fit with the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the air exchange plate (22), so that the air exchange plate (22) can only be rotated and opened in the direction of the inner air cavity (3) around the rotating shaft (23), and when the air exchange plate (22) is reset to the state of closing the circulation port (21) under the action of the torsional spring elastic force, the two side surfaces of the air exchange plate (22) respectively abut the two groups of limiting plates (211) to form a sealed connection.

6. The high swelling solid-state battery of claim 1, wherein: The shell (11) and the partition plate (2) are cylindrical, and the partition plate (2) is coaxially installed with the shell (11), and two or more groups of the circulation ports (21) are arranged in an equidistant array along the circumferential direction of the partition plate (2).

7. A high expansion rate solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner air cavity (3) is fixedly provided with a pressure sensor (6).

8. The high swelling solid-state battery of claim 1, wherein: The air cavity is provided with an inflation hole (13), the inflation hole (13) is provided with two or more groups, and the two or more groups of inflation holes (13) are uniformly distributed in the inner air cavity (3) and the outer air cavity (4); the inflation hole (13) is connected with an air compressor, and the battery cell (1) is provided with an elastic strain gauge.

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