Composite power generation type micro generator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy collection, and discloses a composite power generation type micro generator. The composite power generation type micro generator comprises a shell, and a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling type energy harvesting module which are arranged in the shell. Wherein the rolling type energy harvesting module comprises a cylindrical friction rod and a triboelectric layer, and the cylindrical friction rod is in rolling connection with the triboelectric layer; the vibration energy harvesting module comprises a vibrator shell, a first electrode and a second electrode, the rolling type energy harvesting module is installed in the vibrator shell, the vibrator shell is in floating connection with the shell, the first electrode is arranged on the side, facing the shell, of the vibrator shell, and the second electrode is arranged on the side, facing the first electrode, of the inner wall of the shell. Under the action of external force, the shell swings around the extension direction of the power transmission line, is used for driving the cylindrical friction rod to roll along the arc-shaped surface of the friction electric layer to generate a first electric signal, and is used for driving the vibrator shell to get close to or away from the shell to enable the first electrode to be in contact with or separated from the second electrode to generate a second electric signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy harvesting technology, and in particular to a composite power generation micro generator. Background Technology

[0002] Due to their structural features such as increased conductor cross-sectional area, increased suspension height, and extended span, ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines are prone to significant dynamic responses under wind loads. This mechanical vibration not only weakens transmission efficiency but can also trigger systemic operational risks. Online monitoring systems based on infrared thermal imagers, triaxial accelerometers, and intelligent vision systems have become a key technological means to grasp the dynamic parameters of transmission lines (including wind speed response, amplitude spectrum characteristics, and acceleration time-history curves). However, existing online monitoring equipment generally relies on traditional battery power, which has significant drawbacks, such as limited energy storage density, short maintenance cycles, and electrolyte contamination. These problems restrict the long-term operation of online monitoring systems for transmission lines. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a composite power generation micro generator that can automatically collect vibration energy from power transmission lines to continuously power monitoring equipment and maintain its long-term operation.

[0004] This application provides an embodiment of a composite power generation micro-generator, suspended on a power transmission line. The composite power generation micro-generator includes a housing, and a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module disposed within the housing. The rolling energy harvesting module includes a cylindrical friction rod and a triboelectric layer, with the cylindrical friction rod and the triboelectric layer in a rolling connection. The vibration energy harvesting module includes an oscillator housing, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The rolling energy harvesting module is installed within the oscillator housing, which is floatingly connected to the housing. The first electrode is disposed on the side of the oscillator housing facing the housing, and the second electrode is disposed on the inner wall of the housing facing the first electrode. Under external force, the housing swings about the extension direction of the power transmission line, driving the cylindrical friction rod to roll along the arcuate surface of the triboelectric layer to generate a first electrical signal, and driving the oscillator housing closer to or away from the housing to contact or separate the first electrode from the second electrode to generate a second electrical signal.

[0005] The aforementioned external force can be wind-induced force. The composite generator-type micro-generator of this application utilizes a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy to power the sensing devices in the monitoring equipment, thus achieving self-powered sensing. The composite generator-type micro-generator can collect multi-frequency and multi-amplitude vibration energy of the transmission line in both vertical and horizontal directions. It also employs a combination of oscillator structure and rolling structure to improve the vibration mode of the oscillator housing itself, thereby widening the generator's vibration frequency response range to collect vibration energy from multiple directions and improving output performance.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first electrode includes a first support plate, a first buffer layer, a first conductive layer, and a first friction material layer stacked together; the second electrode includes a second support plate, a second buffer layer, a second conductive layer, and a second friction material layer stacked together; the first friction material layer and the second friction material layer are disposed adjacent to each other, and the electrical properties of the first friction material layer and the second friction material layer are opposite.

[0007] In one embodiment, the triboelectric layer includes a stacked triboelectric material layer, an electrode layer, a buffer layer, and a support layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the electrode layer is an interdigitated electrode structure, including a third electrode and a fourth electrode arranged alternately and spaced apart. The friction material layer includes a third friction material layer and a fourth friction material layer. The third electrode has the third friction material layer on the side away from the buffer layer, and the fourth electrode has the fourth friction material layer on the side away from the buffer layer. The third friction material layer and the fourth friction material layer have opposite electrical properties.

[0009] In one embodiment, the cylindrical friction rod includes a magnetic rod core and a fifth friction material layer disposed on the outer wall of the magnetic rod core, wherein the fifth friction material layer has an electrical opposite to that of the third friction material layer; or, the fifth friction material layer has an electrical opposite to that of the fourth friction material layer.

[0010] In one embodiment, the triboelectric layer has an arc-shaped structure and bends towards one side of the transmission line, with the axial direction of the arc containing the triboelectric layer being consistent with the extension direction of the transmission line.

[0011] In one embodiment, the oscillator housing includes at least one partition, the partition being an arc-shaped structure and bent toward the transmission line side, and the triboelectric layer being disposed on the surface of the partition.

[0012] In one embodiment, the composite power generation micro generator further includes a magnetic induction energy harvesting module, which includes the cylindrical friction rod and a first coil. The first coil is disposed on the side of the partition away from the triboelectric layer. The cylindrical friction rod includes a magnetic core. Under the action of an external force, the housing swings around the extension direction of the power transmission line to drive the cylindrical friction rod to move relative to the first coil to generate a third electrical signal.

[0013] In one embodiment, the oscillator housing includes a plurality of partitions, which are spaced apart along the floating direction of the oscillator housing and have the same bending direction.

[0014] In one embodiment, the oscillator housing includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall of the oscillator disposed opposite to each other. The first sidewall and the second sidewall of the oscillator are parallel to the floating direction of the oscillator housing and parallel to the extension direction of the transmission line. The housing includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall of the housing disposed opposite to each other. The first sidewall of the housing is disposed opposite to the first sidewall of the oscillator, and the second sidewall of the housing is disposed opposite to the second sidewall of the oscillator. The composite power generation micro-generator further includes a magnetic induction energy harvesting module. The magnetic induction energy harvesting module includes a second magnetic element and a second coil. The second magnetic element is provided on the side of the first sidewall and the second sidewall of the oscillator that are opposite to each other, and the second coil is provided on the first sidewall and the second sidewall of the housing.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first sidewall and the second sidewall of the oscillator are spaced apart along the rolling direction of the cylindrical friction rod; the rolling energy harvesting module further includes two cylindrical spacer bars, which are rolledly connected to the triboelectric layer, and are disposed on both sides of the cylindrical friction rod along the rolling direction of the cylindrical friction rod, with each cylindrical spacer bar located between the cylindrical friction rod and the second magnetic element.

[0016] In one embodiment, the rolling energy harvesting module further includes two cylindrical spacers that are tactilely connected to the triboelectric layer. Each cylindrical spacer includes a spacer body and a sixth friction material layer disposed on the outer wall of the spacer body. The sixth friction material layer has an electrical polarity opposite to that of the third friction material layer; or, the sixth friction material layer has an electrical polarity opposite to that of the fourth friction material layer.

[0017] In one embodiment, the composite power generation micro generator further includes a magnetic induction energy harvesting module, which includes a third coil and the cylindrical friction rod. The third coil is disposed on the side of the second electrode opposite to the first electrode, and the cylindrical friction rod includes a magnetic rod core.

[0018] In one embodiment, a buffer pad is provided on the side of the third coil opposite to the second electrode. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite power generation micro generator provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the assembly of the top plate, the oscillator housing, and the second electrode provided for another embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first electrode, a second electrode, a third coil, and a buffer pad provided for one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the triboelectric layer and the cylindrical friction rod provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A structural diagram of the electrode layer provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A structural diagram of a cylindrical friction rod provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 7 An assembly diagram of a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module provided for one embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the housing provided for one embodiment of this application; Figure 9 A structural diagram of a cylindrical spacer provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is an external view of a composite power generation micro-generator provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure label: 100 - Transmission lines; 0-Shell; 01-Top plate; 02-Bottom plate; 03-First side wall of the shell; 04-Second side wall of the shell; 11-Cylindrical friction rod; 12-Triboelectric layer; 13-Cylindrical spacer rod; 21-Oscillator housing; 22-First electrode; 23-Second electrode; 24-Spring; 221-First support plate; 222-First buffer layer; 223-First conductive layer; 224-First friction material layer; 231 - Second support plate; 232 - Second buffer layer; 233 - Second conductive layer; 234 - Second friction material layer; 121 - Electrode layer; 122 - Buffer layer; 123 - Support layer; 1211 - Third electrode; 12111 - Third friction material layer; 1212 - Fourth electrode; 12121 - Fourth friction material layer; 111-Magnetic rod core; 112-Fifth friction material layer; 211-Partition plate; 212-First side wall of oscillator; 213-Second side wall of oscillator; 31-First coil; 32-Second magnetic component; 33-Second coil; 34-Third coil; 35-Buffer pad; 131-Spacer bar body; 132-Sixth friction material layer; 41-First clamp; 42-Second clamp. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description of the application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to also include expressions such as “one or more” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0023] References to “an embodiment” or “a specific embodiment” as used in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and variations thereof mean “including, but not limited to,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0024] First, let's introduce the application scenarios. With the rapid development of society and the economy, the global energy supply and demand imbalance has become increasingly prominent. To alleviate the ever-increasing pressure of energy consumption, electricity, as a core component of the modern energy system, is seeing its development and application scale continuously expand. In the power grid architecture, transmission lines are not only the physical carriers of energy transmission, but also the core infrastructure for realizing dynamic scheduling and optimized allocation of electricity, and their strategic value is growing daily. Therefore, a large number of ultra-high voltage and extra-high voltage AC / DC transmission networks are being deployed across complex geographical environments, including canyons, water areas, and areas with variable weather. Especially in the field of extra-high voltage transmission, these lines, which bear the heavy responsibility of transmitting electricity, are like the lifeline of the power system, and their reliability is directly related to the safety of the power grid and the continuous power supply capacity.

[0025] Ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines are prone to significant dynamic responses under wind loads. Based on differences in dynamic characteristics, wind-induced vibrations mainly exhibit three forms: high-frequency, low-amplitude micro-wind vibrations, medium-frequency, medium-amplitude sub-span oscillations, and low-frequency, high-amplitude conductor galloping. Among these, micro-wind vibrations, although occurring at a relatively high frequency, have a lower hazard level; sub-span oscillations may cause fatigue damage to hardware such as spacers installed on the transmission line; while galloping, due to its large-amplitude nonlinear motion characteristics, is recognized as the most destructive vibration form. Severe galloping can lead to direct faults such as flashover discharge between conductors and insulator string breakage, and in extreme cases, even tower collapse, causing regional power outages and secondary disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to install monitoring equipment on transmission lines to monitor their condition and take timely measures to maintain their normal operation.

[0026] In related technologies, monitoring equipment generally relies on traditional storage batteries for power. However, storage batteries have significant drawbacks: limited energy storage density, short maintenance cycles, and electrolyte contamination, which restrict the long-term operation of monitoring systems. This has prompted the scientific community to focus on developing new environmentally friendly power supply devices to achieve technological innovation or functional replacement of traditional batteries.

[0027] In view of this, the embodiments of this application provide a composite power generation micro generator that can automatically collect vibration energy from power transmission lines to continuously power monitoring equipment.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite power generation micro-generator provided in one embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a composite power generation micro-generator, suspended on a power transmission line 100. The composite power generation micro-generator includes a housing 0, and a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module disposed within the housing 0. The rolling energy harvesting module includes a cylindrical friction rod 11 and a triboelectric layer 12, with the cylindrical friction rod 11 and the triboelectric layer 12 in a rolling connection. The vibration energy harvesting module includes an oscillator housing 21, a first electrode 22, and a second electrode 23. The rolling energy harvesting module is installed within the oscillator housing 21, which is floatingly connected to the housing 0. The first electrode 22 is disposed on the side of the oscillator housing 21 facing the housing 0, and the second electrode 23 is disposed on the inner wall of the housing 0 facing the first electrode 22.

[0029] Under the action of external force, the housing 0 swings around the extension direction of the transmission line, driving the cylindrical friction rod 11 to roll along the surface of the triboelectric layer 12 to generate a first electrical signal. The rolling energy harvesting unit is mainly used to capture the galloping energy of the transmission line in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the swinging of the housing 0 also drives the oscillator housing 21 to move closer to or away from the housing 0, thereby causing the first electrode 22 to contact or separate from the second electrode 23 to generate a second electrical signal. The aforementioned external force can be wind-induced force. The composite power generation micro generator of this application uses a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy to power the sensing device in the monitoring equipment and realize self-powered sensing. The composite power generation micro generator can collect multi-frequency and multi-amplitude vibration energy of the transmission line in the vertical and horizontal directions, and adopts a combination of oscillator structure and rolling structure to improve the vibration mode of the oscillator housing 21 itself, thereby widening the vibration frequency response range of the generator to collect vibration energy in multiple directions and improve output performance.

[0030] The aforementioned rolling and vibration-driven energy harvesting modules can be classified as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). A TENG is an energy harvesting device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through triboelectric effect, featuring lightweight design, simple structure, and easy maintenance. Its core power generation principle utilizes the charge difference generated by the contact friction between different material surfaces, converting electrons into electrical energy through electrodes and wires. Its power generation has four basic forms: vertical contact separation, horizontal sliding, single electrode, and independent layer. Compared to traditional electromagnetic power generation, it exhibits higher energy conversion efficiency under low-frequency and low-amplitude conditions. A triboelectric nanogenerator includes a pair of electrodes, each consisting of a triboelectric material layer and a conductive material layer. The triboelectric material is a polymer material with triboelectric effect and different polarities, such as nylon, polyimide (Kapton) film, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The conductive material is a conductive metal material, such as copper or aluminum. Furthermore, the greater the difference in polarities between the pair of triboelectric materials and the conductive triboelectric material, the better the power generation effect. Studies have shown that TENG exhibits significant advantages in conversion efficiency, material adaptability, and low-frequency energy harvesting capabilities, with a power conversion range covering a wide frequency band of mechanical excitation from 0.1 to 1000 Hz. In particular, this technology combines the advantages of diverse material systems, modular structural design, and cost-effective manufacturing, making it a highly competitive technological approach in the field of environmental energy harvesting.

[0031] Figure 2 An assembly diagram of the top plate, oscillator housing, and second electrode, provided for another embodiment of this application, is shown below. Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment, the housing 0 includes a top plate 01 and a bottom plate 02 disposed opposite to each other. A spring 24 is provided between the oscillator housing 21 and the top plate 01, thereby realizing a floating connection between the oscillator housing 21 and the housing 0. Ideally, the floating direction of the oscillator housing 21 can be considered as perpendicular to the top plate 01. The oscillator housing 21 generates regular vibrations under external excitation. The first electrode 22 can be disposed on the side of the oscillator housing 21 facing the bottom plate 02 of the housing 0, and the second electrode 23 can be disposed on the side of the bottom plate 02 of the housing 0 facing the oscillator housing 21. When the oscillator housing 21 moves in a direction perpendicular to the top plate 01, the first electrode 22 located on the oscillator housing 21 and the second electrode 23 located on the housing 0 make a perpendicular contact separation movement to generate an electrical signal. The spring 24 is used as a floating connection component because the low resonant frequency of the spring 24 will directly affect the vibration mode of the oscillator housing 21, realizing multi-mode output in the range of low to high frequencies, thereby broadening the vibration response frequency. It is worth noting that this application does not impose specific restrictions on parameters such as wire diameter, height, diameter, and quantity of spring 24, and the best combination for energy capture effect can be selected according to actual needs.

[0032] In other embodiments, magnets can also be used as floating connection components. For example, the base plate 02 is provided with a first magnet (not shown in the figure), and the oscillator housing 21 is provided with a second magnet (not shown in the figure). The opposite ends of the first magnet and the second magnet have the same polarity. The floating connection is achieved by utilizing the principle that like magnetic poles repel each other.

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode, the second electrode, the third coil, and the buffer pad provided in one embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 3As shown, in one embodiment, the first electrode 22 includes a first support plate 221, a first buffer layer 222, a first conductive layer 223, and a first friction material layer 224 stacked together. The second electrode 23 includes a second support plate 231, a second buffer layer 232, a second conductive layer 233, and a second friction material layer 234 stacked together. The first friction material layer 224 and the second friction material layer 234 are arranged adjacent to each other, that is, when the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 are in contact, the first friction material layer 224 is in contact with the second friction material layer 234. The first friction material layer 224 and the second friction material layer 234 have opposite electrical properties. Specifically, the first support plate 221 and the second support plate 231 can be made of the same material, and can both be acrylic support plates. The first buffer layer 222 and the second buffer layer 232 can be made of the same material, and can both be sponge buffer layers. The first conductive layer 223 and the second conductive layer 233 can be made of the same material, and can both be copper electrode layers. The first friction material layer 224 can be an electropositive friction material layer, and the second friction material layer 234 can be an electronegative friction material layer. It is worth noting that the positive and negative properties of the above-mentioned electropositive and electronegative friction material layers are relative. Materials that easily lose electrons are electropositive, and materials that easily gain electrons are electronegative.

[0034] In one embodiment, the triboelectric layer 12 includes a stacked triboelectric material layer, an electrode layer 121, a buffer layer 122, and a support layer 123. The buffer layer 122 can be a sponge layer, and the support layer 123 can be an acrylic sheet.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the triboelectric layer and the cylindrical friction rod provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of an electrode layer provided in one embodiment of this application. (In conjunction with...) Figure 4 and Figure 5In a further embodiment, the electrode layer 121 is an interdigital electrode structure, including a third electrode 1211 and a fourth electrode 1212 arranged alternately and at intervals. Interdigital electrodes (Interdigital Electrodes) Interdigitated electrode (IDA) is a special electrode structure composed of two or more sets of intersecting, parallel metal electrode strips, resembling a comb or zipper, hence also called a "comb electrode." Interdigitated electrode structures are characterized by excellent response performance. The friction material layer includes a third friction material layer 12111 and a fourth friction material layer 12121. The third electrode 1211 has the third friction material layer 12111 on the side facing away from the buffer layer, and the fourth electrode 1212 has the fourth friction material layer 12121 on the side facing away from the buffer layer. The electrical properties of the third friction material layer 12111 and the fourth friction material layer 12121 are opposite. Both the third electrode 1211 and the fourth electrode 1212 can be copper films. Specifically, the third friction material layer 12111 can be a nylon film, and the fourth friction material layer 12121 can be a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. It is worth noting that nylon film and PTFE film only represent one type of friction layer material combination here; the third friction material layer 12111 and the fourth friction material layer 12121 can also be other materials, and this application does not impose specific limitations.

[0036] Figure 6 A structural diagram of a cylindrical friction rod provided in one embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the cylindrical friction rod 11 includes a magnetic rod core 111 and a fifth friction material layer 112 disposed on the outer wall of the magnetic rod core 111. Specifically, the fifth friction material layer 112 can be a nylon film. The fifth friction material layer 112 has an opposite electrical polarity to the third friction material layer 12111; or, the fifth friction material layer 112 has an opposite electrical polarity to the fourth friction material layer 12121. The difference in electron gain / loss capabilities between the fifth friction material layer 112 of the cylindrical friction rod 11 and the electrode layer 121 of the triboelectric layer 12 allows the cylindrical friction rod 11 to transfer charge during rolling, thereby generating a first electrical signal. In other embodiments, the fifth friction material layer 112 can also be made of other materials, which are not specifically limited in this application. It is necessary to ensure that the fifth friction material layer 112 has a polarity difference from the friction material layer of one of the electrodes of the triboelectric layer 12.

[0037] According to Maxwell's equations for displacement current, due to the difference in electronegativity between the two electrodes, the periodic displacement changes of the electrodes will affect the change in potential difference, thus leading to periodic electron transfer. The rolling energy harvesting module of this application uses a rolling rod electrode, which greatly reduces the generator's starting torque. Furthermore, through the interaction between the rod and the interdigitated electrodes, the output performance of the rod-rolling mode generator is improved.

[0038] Figure 7 An assembly diagram of a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module provided for one embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the oscillator housing 21 includes at least one partition 211. The partition 211 has an arc-shaped structure and is bent towards the transmission line side. A triboelectric layer 12 is disposed on the surface of the partition 211. Specifically, the end of the arc-shaped structure is an arc, which is stretched to form an arc surface, with the stretching direction being the extension direction of the transmission line. The triboelectric layer 12 is attached to the surface of the partition 211, and the partition 211 is used to support the triboelectric layer 12; therefore, the triboelectric layer 12 also has an arc-shaped structure. The curvature of the triboelectric layer 12 is consistent with the curvature of the partition 211. When the housing 0 swings, the cylindrical friction rod 11 can roll along the arc-shaped surface. Compared with a horizontal surface, the cylindrical friction rod 11 rolls more smoothly, resulting in better power generation.

[0039] In a further embodiment, the oscillator housing 21 may include a plurality of partitions 211, which are spaced apart along the floating direction of the oscillator housing 21 and have the same bending direction. A cylindrical friction rod 11 is provided between adjacent partitions 211, which allows the cylindrical friction rod 11 to roll within the space formed between the two partitions 211, reducing the possibility of the cylindrical friction rod 11 detaching from the triboelectric layer 12.

[0040] In one embodiment, the triboelectric layer 12 is disposed on the upper surface of the partition 211. The cylindrical friction rod 11 and its adjacent upper partition (hereinafter referred to as the upper partition) may have a gap to reduce friction with the cylindrical friction rod 11, allowing the cylindrical friction rod 11 to roll more smoothly. Specifically, since the housing 0 is suspended from the power transmission line, under the action of gravity, the triboelectric layer 12 on the cylindrical friction rod 11 and its adjacent lower partition 211 (hereinafter referred to as the lower partition) adheres to each other and can interact with the triboelectric layer 12 disposed on the upper surface of the partition 211 to generate a first electrical signal. The upper partition is spaced a certain distance from the cylindrical friction rod 11, and the cylindrical friction rod 11 does not contact the upper partition.

[0041] In another embodiment, a triboelectric layer 12 can be provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of each partition 211. The upper and lower partitions can both contact the cylindrical friction rod 11, which can increase the amount of the first electrical signal generated. It is worth noting that although the upper and lower partitions are in contact with the cylindrical friction rod 11, the cylindrical friction rod 11 can still roll between adjacent partitions 211.

[0042] In one embodiment, the triboelectric layer 12 has an arc-shaped structure and bends towards the transmission line side, with the axial direction of the arc containing the triboelectric layer 12 aligned with the extension direction of the transmission line. Specifically, in this embodiment, since the triboelectric layer 12 includes a support layer 123 with a certain strength, the partition 211 may not be provided inside the oscillator housing 21.

[0043] In one embodiment, the composite power generation micro-generator further includes a magnetic induction energy harvesting module, which generates electricity using the principle of electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon where a conductor in a closed circuit moves in a magnetic field, cutting magnetic field lines, and generates an induced current. Specifically, the magnetic induction energy harvesting module includes a cylindrical friction rod 11 and a first coil 31 as described in the above embodiment. The first coil 31 is disposed on the side of the partition 211 opposite to the triboelectric layer 12; that is, the first coil 31 and the triboelectric layer 12 are respectively disposed on both sides of the partition 211. For example, the triboelectric layer 12 is disposed on the concave surface of the partition 211, and the first coil 31 is disposed on the convex surface of the partition 211. The cylindrical friction rod 11 includes a magnetic core 111. Under the action of an external force, the housing 0 swings around the extension direction of the transmission line, driving the cylindrical friction rod 11 to move relative to the first coil 31 to generate a third electrical signal. During the rolling process, the cylindrical friction rod 11 is cut by the magnetic field lines by the first coil 31, thereby generating an induced current. The magnetic induction energy harvesting module and the rolling energy harvesting module mainly collect energy from transmission lines during galloping. Combining the electromagnetic power generation structure with the triboelectric power generation structure can compensate for their respective shortcomings in energy harvesting, thereby improving the adaptability of the generator in this application for harvesting energy from transmission line vibrations.

[0044] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the housing provided for one embodiment of this application, in conjunction with Figure 7 and Figure 8In a further embodiment, the oscillator housing 21 includes a first sidewall 212 and a second sidewall 213 of the oscillator disposed opposite to each other. The first sidewall 212 and the second sidewall 213 of the oscillator are parallel to the floating direction of the oscillator housing 21 and parallel to the extension direction of the transmission line. The housing 0 includes a first sidewall 03 and a second sidewall 04 of the housing disposed opposite to each other. The first sidewall 03 of the housing is disposed opposite to the first sidewall 212 of the oscillator, and the second sidewall 04 of the housing is disposed opposite to the second sidewall 213 of the oscillator. The magnetic induction energy harvesting module also includes a second magnetic element 32 and a second coil 33. The second magnetic element 32 is provided on the side of the first sidewall 212 and the second sidewall 213 of the oscillator that is away from each other, and the second coil 33 is provided on the first sidewall 03 and the second sidewall 04 of the housing. The second magnetic element 32 can be a rectangular magnet, the length direction of which can be parallel to the top plate 01, and multiple second magnetic elements 32 can be provided on the first sidewall 212 and the second sidewall 213 of the oscillator, respectively. This application does not impose specific limitations on the number and spacing of the second magnetic components 32, which can be adjusted according to requirements. When the oscillator housing 21 floats, the second magnetic components 32 reciprocate along a direction perpendicular to the top plate 01 as the oscillator housing 21 vibrates. The second coil 33, attached to the inner surface of the housing 0, cuts the magnetic field lines, thereby generating an induced current. Because the spring 24 has a wide vibration frequency range and a large vibration amplitude, the magnetic induction energy harvesting module also has a wide frequency response range when collecting the vibration energy of the transmission line under the action of a light wind.

[0045] Continue to refer to Figure 7 In one embodiment, the first sidewall 212 and the second sidewall 213 of the oscillator are spaced apart along the rolling direction of the cylindrical friction rod 11. The rolling energy harvesting module also includes two cylindrical spacer rods 13, which are rolledly connected to the triboelectric layer 12 and are disposed on both sides of the cylindrical friction rod 11 along the rolling direction of the cylindrical friction rod 11. Each cylindrical spacer rod 13 is located between the cylindrical friction rod 11 and the second magnetic element 32.

[0046] Figure 9 A structural diagram of a cylindrical spacer provided in one embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 9As shown, in a further embodiment, the cylindrical spacer 13 includes a spacer body 131 and a sixth friction material layer 132 disposed on the outer wall of the spacer body 131. The sixth friction material layer 132 has an electrical polarity opposite to that of the third friction material layer 12111; or, the sixth friction material layer 132 has an electrical polarity opposite to that of the fourth friction material layer 12121. The cylindrical spacer 13 and the cylindrical friction rod 11 have the same external dimensions. The sixth friction material layer 132 can be, for example, a nylon film or other friction material. The spacer body 131 is made of a non-magnetic material, such as an insulating material. Two cylindrical spacers 13 are disposed on both sides of the cylindrical friction rod 11, with the cylindrical friction rod 11 in the middle, to prevent the cylindrical friction rod 11 from attracting the second magnetic element 32 arranged on the side, thus hindering the rolling of the cylindrical friction rod 11 and affecting the power generation effect. Three cylindrical friction rods 11 are not used to prevent interference between the cylindrical friction rods 11, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency.

[0047] The following provides supplementary explanations regarding the friction material layers in some of the above embodiments, i.e., the power generation materials of the TENG power generation unit. The same pair of friction materials constituting a TENG are polymeric materials with triboelectric effects and different polarities. Materials generally exhibiting electropositive polarity include polyamide (nylon, PA), polyurethane (PU), wool, silk, leather, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag). Materials exhibiting electropositive polarity include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (such as PET), and polystyrene (PS). It is important to note that the polarity of the materials is relative and depends on the pairing combination. For example, nylon may be positively charged when in contact with PTFE, but negatively charged when in contact with wool. Conductive materials and conductive friction materials are made of conductive metals, such as copper and aluminum. Furthermore, the greater the difference in polarity between a pair of friction materials or between the friction material and the conductive friction material, the better the power generation effect.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the magnetic induction energy harvesting module further includes a third coil 34 and the cylindrical friction rod 11 as described in the above embodiment. The third coil 34 is disposed on the side of the second electrode 23 opposite to the first electrode 22, that is, the third electrode 1211 is located between the bottom plate 02 of the housing 0 and the second electrode 23. The third coil 34 is mainly used to collect the induced current of the cylindrical friction rod 11.

[0049] To protect the second electrode 23 and the third coil 34 from being damaged by impact from the oscillator housing 21, in one embodiment, a buffer pad 35 may be provided on the side of the third coil 34 facing away from the second electrode 23.

[0050] Figure 10 An external view of a composite power generation micro-generator provided for one embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the composite power generation micro-generator further includes wire clamps for fixing the housing 0 to the power transmission line. The wire clamps include a first wire clamp 41 and a second wire clamp 42 disposed opposite each other along a direction perpendicular to the top plate 01. The first wire clamp 41 has a first groove, and the second wire clamp 42 has a second groove; the first and second grooves are disposed opposite each other to form an accommodating space. The first wire clamp 41 is fixedly connected to the top plate 01. The power transmission line (not shown) is clamped between the first wire clamp 41 and the second wire clamp 42. The first wire clamp 41 and the second wire clamp 42 can be fixed by bolts. The size of the accommodating space can be determined by adjusting the tightness of the bolts to adjust the distance between the first wire clamp 41 and the second wire clamp 42. The adjustable wire clamps can accommodate power transmission lines of various wire diameters. The vibration energy of the power transmission line is transmitted to the housing 0 through the wire clamps, where the internal spring 24 first absorbs the vibration energy, converts it, and then transmits it to the rolling energy harvesting module.

[0051] In one embodiment, the hybrid power generation micro-generator further includes an energy storage module (not shown in the figure), with a vibration energy harvesting module, a rolling energy harvesting module, and a magnetic induction energy harvesting module electrically connected to the energy storage module. The energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy generated by the vibration energy harvesting module, the rolling energy harvesting module, and the magnetic induction energy harvesting module.

[0052] The hybrid micro-generator based on the principle of triboelectric generation has the advantage of effectively utilizing the environmental vibration energy around transmission lines. Simultaneously, electromagnetic energy harvesting technology, with its high current output characteristics, can serve as an effective supplementary power supply for monitoring equipment. The hybrid micro-generator of this application has high engineering value. By integrating the dual mechanisms of triboelectric generation and electromagnetic induction, a wide-bandwidth, multi-mode energy harvesting system can be constructed, providing a new self-powering solution for transmission line monitoring equipment. Furthermore, it is not constrained by time and space, and can continuously power the monitoring equipment, enabling all-weather monitoring of the transmission line status.

[0053] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A compound generator microturbine suspended from a power transmission line, characterized by, The shell, a vibration energy harvesting module and a rolling energy harvesting module arranged in the shell, wherein The rolling energy harvesting module comprises a cylindrical friction rod and a triboelectric layer, and the cylindrical friction rod is rollingly connected with the triboelectric layer. The vibration energy harvesting module comprises a vibrator shell, a first electrode and a second electrode, the rolling energy harvesting module is arranged in the vibrator shell, the vibrator shell is floatingly connected with the shell, the first electrode is arranged on one side of the vibrator shell facing the shell, and the second electrode is arranged on one side of an inner wall of the shell facing the first electrode. Under the action of an external force, the shell swings around the extension direction of the power transmission line, drives the cylindrical friction rod to roll along the arc surface of the triboelectric layer to generate a first electric signal, and drives the vibrator shell to move close to or away from the shell to make the first electrode contact or separate from the second electrode to generate a second electric signal.

2. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 1, wherein, The first electrode comprises a first support plate, a first buffer layer, a first conductive layer and a first friction material layer arranged in layers. The second electrode comprises a second support plate, a second buffer layer, a second conductive layer and a second friction material layer arranged in layers. The first friction material layer and the second friction material layer are arranged adjacent to each other, and the electrical properties of the first friction material layer and the second friction material layer are opposite.

3. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 1, wherein, The triboelectric layer comprises a friction material layer, an electrode layer, a buffer layer and a support layer arranged in layers.

4. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 3, wherein, The electrode layer is an interdigital electrode structure comprising third electrodes and fourth electrodes arranged alternately and at intervals, the friction material layer comprises a third friction material layer and a fourth friction material layer, one side of the third electrode away from the buffer layer is provided with the third friction material layer, one side of the fourth electrode away from the buffer layer is provided with the fourth friction material layer, and the electrical properties of the third friction material layer and the fourth friction material layer are opposite.

5. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 4, wherein, The cylindrical friction rod comprises a magnetic rod core and a fifth friction material layer arranged on the outer wall of the magnetic rod core, and the electrical properties of the fifth friction material layer and the third friction material layer are opposite, or the electrical properties of the fifth friction material layer and the fourth friction material layer are opposite.

6. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 1, wherein, The triboelectric layer is in an arc structure and is curved towards one side of the power transmission line, and the axial direction of the circular arc where the triboelectric layer is located is consistent with the extension direction of the power transmission line.

7. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 1, wherein The vibrator shell comprises at least one partition plate, the partition plate is in an arc structure and is curved towards one side of the power transmission line, and the triboelectric layer is arranged on the surface of the partition plate.

8. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a magnetic induction energy harvesting module, the magnetic induction energy harvesting module comprises the cylindrical friction rod and a first coil, the first coil is arranged on one side of the partition plate away from the triboelectric layer, and the cylindrical friction rod comprises a magnetic rod core. Under the action of an external force, the shell swings around the extension direction of the power transmission line, and drives the cylindrical friction rod to move relative to the first coil to generate a third electric signal.

9. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 7, wherein, The vibrator shell comprises a plurality of partition plates, the plurality of partition plates are arranged at intervals along the floating direction of the vibrator shell, and the bending directions of the plurality of partition plates are consistent.

10. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 1, wherein, The oscillator housing includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall of the oscillator disposed opposite to each other. The first sidewall and the second sidewall of the oscillator are parallel to the floating direction of the oscillator housing and parallel to the extension direction of the transmission line. The housing includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall of the housing disposed opposite to each other. The first sidewall of the housing is disposed opposite to the first sidewall of the oscillator, and the second sidewall of the housing is disposed opposite to the second sidewall of the oscillator. The composite power generation micro generator also includes a magnetic induction energy harvesting module, which includes a second magnetic element and a second coil. The second magnetic element is provided on the opposite side of the first and second side walls of the oscillator, and the second coil is provided on the first and second side walls of the housing.

11. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 10, wherein, The first sidewall and the second sidewall of the oscillator are spaced apart along the rolling direction of the cylindrical friction rod; The rolling energy harvesting module also includes two cylindrical spacers, which are rolledly connected to the triboelectric layer. The cylindrical spacers are disposed on both sides of the cylindrical friction rod along the rolling direction of the cylindrical friction rod, and each cylindrical spacer is located between the cylindrical friction rod and the second magnetic element.

12. The composite power generating micro-generator of claim 4, wherein, The rolling energy harvesting module also includes two cylindrical spacers, which are tactilely connected to the triboelectric layer. Each cylindrical spacer includes a spacer body and a sixth friction material layer disposed on the outer wall of the spacer body. The sixth friction material layer has an electrical polarity opposite to that of the third friction material layer; or, the sixth friction material layer has an electrical polarity opposite to that of the fourth friction material layer.

13. The composite power generating micromotor of claim 1, wherein The composite power generation micro generator also includes a magnetic induction energy harvesting module, which includes a third coil and the cylindrical friction rod. The third coil is disposed on the side of the second electrode away from the first electrode, and the cylindrical friction rod includes a magnetic rod core.

14. The compound power generating micro-generator of claim 13, wherein, The third coil has a buffer pad on the side opposite to the second electrode.

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