Vamp with microstructure surface

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an upper (101, 201) for a shoe, in particular a sports shoe, the upper comprising: a ball contact area (140) comprising a microstructure surface (150); ) wherein the microstructure surface comprises a plurality of protrusions (151); b.) wherein the microstructure surface is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing in that each projection (151) of the plurality of projections (151) is resiliently bendable; c.) wherein each projection (151) of the plurality of projections (151) has a columnar shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an upper for footwear, particularly for athletic shoes. Specifically, the upper is characterized by a ball contact area with a microstructured surface to provide improved ball control when the wearer contacts the ball with their foot. Background Technology

[0002] Shoes, or footwear in general, are typically described as a combination of upper and sole construction. The upper usually covers areas such as the instep, toes, medial side, lateral side, and heel of the wearer's foot, and provides openings to allow the wearer to step inside. The sole attaches to the upper such that during normal use, the top side of the sole faces the foot, and the bottom side contacts the ground.

[0003] The uppers used in footwear typically offer multiple functions. They provide a shell to house the foot, stabilize it during movement, protect it from environmental influences, and, in some athletic shoes, offer surfaces specifically tailored to the athlete's needs. In particular, athletic shoes should be comfortable to wear, provide foot stability, support the athlete in any type of performance, such as acceleration, and reduce the bouncing stress between the foot and the ground during exercise. Footwear should support movement and should prevent injury to the wearer.

[0004] In particular, shoe uppers used in sports such as soccer, rugby, American football, and other ball sports are widely used and popular among wearers. These uppers are becoming increasingly important and have specific requirements to improve performance in these sports.

[0005] As an example of this requirement, enhanced grip on the ball from the upper might be mentioned. This enhanced grip allows the athlete greater control over the ball. Specifically, the contact between the shoe and the ball is crucial, and the surface of the upper plays a significant role. One way to achieve enhanced grip between the upper and the ball is to provide texture to the outer surface of the upper. Another way is to provide raised areas on the upper. Both methods can increase the energy transfer from the upper to the ball during a shot.

[0006] Different types of kicks are known to exist. For example, there are curved passes, flat passes, straight shots, and curved shots. Different arrangements of elements on the shoe upper are necessary for each type of kick. However, for any kind of controlled kick, appropriate spin is expected. This can be helpful, as otherwise the ball will vibrate. However, this vibration may also be necessary for certain kicks, such as knuckleball shots.

[0007] For example, the following prior art documents may be referenced in the context of this disclosure.

[0008] The applicant's unpublished German patent application No. 102023206175.9 relates to an upper for shoes, particularly athletic shoes, the upper comprising: a) a ball contact area including a plurality of protrusions; b) wherein each of the plurality of protrusions has an elongated shape having a longitudinal axis, a side portion facing the sole, and a side portion facing the instep; and c) wherein the ball contact area is configured to assist in shooting, wherein each of the plurality of protrusions is elastically flexible, such that each protrusion is configured to bend upon contact with a ball—generally in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and such that each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to bend such that the side portion facing the instep contacts the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent protrusion among the plurality of protrusions.

[0009] EP 3909459 A1 relates to an upper for athletic shoes, the upper comprising a plurality of regions including: a midfoot region, a sidefoot region, a toe region, an instep region, a heel region, and a collar region, wherein the upper includes at least one protrusion in at least four of the plurality of regions, and wherein the protrusion protrudes from the outer surface of the upper.

[0010] EP 2659798 A1 relates to a method of manufacturing an upper for footwear, particularly football boots. A base layer is provided for the upper. At least one contour element comprising a rubber material is attached to the outer surface of the base layer. The contour element is attached to the outer surface of the base layer by heat pressing without using seams.

[0011] EP 3895576A1 relates to an upper (102) for footwear articles (100), the upper (102) comprising: a layered structure, the layered structure further comprising: a base layer (200) comprising a first material; a coloring ink layer (210) covering at least a portion of the base layer (200), the coloring ink layer (210) comprising a second material; a control surface layer (150) disposed on the coloring ink layer (210), the control surface layer (150) comprising a third material; wherein the first material is different from the second material, and wherein the second material is different from the third material; and wherein a portion of the coloring ink layer (210) is visible on the outer surface of the upper (102).

[0012] US2023 / 0087149 A1 relates to a knitted component having a surface comprising a first region and a second region having different relative coefficients of friction and formed in an alternating pattern. The first region of the first surface comprises 40% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the first surface. The alternating pattern may be in the form of a concentric shape. The alternating pattern may have linear and curved boundaries between the first and second regions. The first region may be formed from a first yarn having a core and a coating. The coating at least partially surrounds the core.

[0013] DE 1944609 A1 relates to a football boot suitable for improving and enhancing an athlete’s technique, particularly when the boot surface is slippery and the ball is wet, characterized in that its parts arranged above the sole (1), particularly the toe (2), plate (3), instep strip (6) and heel counter (7), are provided with contoured patterns.

[0014] In addition, as background information, the following existing technologies may be mentioned.

[0015] References: US 9038288 B2, EP 2434920 B1, and US2011 / 258883A1.

[0016] Despite substantial advancements in athletic footwear, further improvements are still needed. Current designs typically strive to balance durability with the flexibility required for optimal ball control. Many known systems fail to adequately address the dynamic nature of motion, where the interaction between the shoe and the ball varies significantly depending on the type of movement—such as dribbling, shooting, or passing.

[0017] One particular problem attributable to the proposed existing technological solutions is that ball control features specifically designed to improve grip for kicking (i.e., shooting and / or passing) also provide a relatively high level of grip for fairly softer ball touches (such as dribbling, first touch, and / or short passes). However, for the latter type of receiving touch, a high level of grip is often useless because it results in an overly sticky feeling between the shoe and the ball.

[0018] In this context, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved upper. The upper should provide a ball contact area that ensures increased grip during kicking, while providing smooth ball control characteristics with a smaller grip suitable for dribbling, first-touch, and / or short-distance passing. Furthermore, an object is to improve the design options available to upper manufacturers. Additionally, an object is to provide a corresponding shoe incorporating such an upper. Summary of the Invention

[0019] The foregoing objectives are achieved, at least in part, by the subject matter of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims, and other suitable aspects of the invention are described throughout the disclosure of this application. Note that the headings in this disclosure are provided only to help maintain an overview during reading. The headings do not imply that features of the various embodiments cannot be combined.

[0020] microstructured shoe upper

[0021] In a first aspect, these objectives are achieved by an upper for footwear, particularly athletic footwear, the upper including a ball contact area comprising a microstructured surface; a. wherein the microstructured surface includes a plurality of protrusions; b. wherein the microstructured surface is configured to assist shooting and / or passing in such a manner that each of the plurality of protrusions is elastically flexible; c. wherein each of the plurality of protrusions has a columnar shape.

[0022] In this way, the upper provides high grip for shooting (and / or generally for ball contact with high foot-to-ball impact), while providing lower grip for steady ball control (and / or generally for ball contact with low foot-to-ball impact). The latter approach is suitable for relatively soft ball contact (which may include dribbling, first-touch, and / or short passes). Overall, this is particularly useful for ball sports such as football.

[0023] Therefore, a specific problem associated with existing technology is solved: the high level of grip during shooting is always accompanied by a high level of grip during dribbling. Specifically, for this type of dribbling and / or slight passing, the increased grip between the ball and the shoe results in a reduction in ball spin. In existing shoe technology, this could therefore interfere with or interrupt dribbling.

[0024] Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the microstructured surface proposed in this paper provides force-dependent grip. Therefore, enhanced grip can be provided for kicking, such as high impacts of the foot on the ball. This may occur, for example, during shooting and / or passing. Simultaneously, the microstructured surface provides less grip for low impacts of the foot on the ball. This may occur, for example, during dribbling, first touch, and / or short passes.

[0025] Furthermore, the microstructured surface provides a relatively high coefficient of friction, and thus offers the high grip typically used for kicking a ball. Additionally, the microstructured surface provides a relatively small deviation in the coefficient of friction under different environmental conditions, such as wet conditions compared to dry conditions. Therefore, consistent grip can be achieved in both situations. Consequently, the reduction in grip under wet conditions (which typically occurs in shoes of the prior art) can be avoided.

[0026] The microstructured surface includes multiple protrusions, each shaped like a column and flexible. The arrangement and placement of these components can be carefully designed to improve the performance of the shoe upper during activities such as shooting and passing.

[0027] The microstructured surfaces described herein differ from, for example, surfaces in the prior art that display macroscopic elements, such as macroscopic protrusions. These macroscopic protrusions are considered to impede tape winding, leading to the technical problems that this invention seeks to overcome. As described elsewhere herein, protrusions may optionally be defined by specific dimensions, including their aspect ratio, width, height, length, and / or center-to-center distance. These dimensions can help ensure that the microstructured surfaces function effectively. It is understood that the function of such microstructured surfaces may therefore differ from that of macrostructured surfaces.

[0028] The flexible, bendable nature of each protrusion helps extend the contact time between the shoe and the ball, thus providing better control and precision. This design addresses the challenge of maintaining consistent ball control under varying conditions, such as different ball speeds and contact angles. For example, when the ball contacts the microstructured surface, the protrusions can bend elastically, providing controlled deformation that aids in ball manipulation. This elastic bending is facilitated by the material properties and structural design of the protrusions. This ensures that they essentially return to their original shape after contact. Thus, the integrity of the microstructured surface is maintained. It can be assumed that the bending of the protrusions has the advantage of increasing the surface area of ​​the shoe upper that is in contact with the ball. This contributes to improved kicking. It should be understood that the amount of bending can depend on the impact force. For example, bending can increase with increasing impact force. Impact force should be understood as the force with which the wearer's foot kicks the ball.

[0029] The columnar shape of each protrusion is particularly advantageous because it provides a uniform response to the force applied during ball contact, resulting in a more predictable and precise ball trajectory. The columnar shape of each protrusion ensures a uniform response to external forces, such as impacts from the ball. This shape is beneficial for elastic flexing mechanisms because it provides a consistent deformation pattern. It should be noted that in some examples, the columnar shape differs from, for example, the elongated shape commonly used in the prior art. These elongated shapes have a slender axis along the surface of the shoe upper. Conversely, the columnar shape may not necessarily have such a slender axis along the surface of the shoe upper.

[0030] Protrusions can be integrated into the microstructure surface. Protrusions can be evenly distributed on the microstructure surface. Protrusions allow for a consistent and stable configuration, which enhances the overall functionality of the shoe's upper.

[0031] To further highlight the advancements of this disclosure, analyzing the trajectory of the ball along the upper of the shoe may be helpful. The term "trajectory" can refer to the relative motion between the upper and the ball. In one example, the ball may first contact the upper in a first contact area and then move along the ball's contact area toward a second contact area—the area where the ball last contacts the upper. From the second contact area, the ball may accelerate away from the upper. The first contact area may be positioned closer to the edge of the sole. The second contact area may be positioned closer to the instep. This motion of the ball is more or less dominant, depending on the type of kick. For example, it may differ from a shot compared to a pass.

[0032] Various physical effects can occur during a ball's trajectory, including but not limited to the Magnus effect. The Magnus effect can be understood as a phenomenon in fluid dynamics that describes the forces acting on a rotating (i.e., spinning) object (such as a ball) moving through a fluid (such as air). When a spinning ball moves through the air, it may therefore experience forces perpendicular to its path of travel. For short passes, the Magnus effect may not be a significant factor.

[0033] The shooting technique described in this article requires different arrangements of protrusions on the shoe upper to account for different ball trajectories (e.g., compared to a flat pass). The shooting is generally a more powerful kick than other types of kicks (such as a simple pass). Although variations can occur from one player to another, technicians can still distinguish between shooting and other types of kicks (such as a pass). Shooting occurs frequently during a match, and the proximal and apical sides of the first metatarsal joint and bone portion are primarily used for contact with the ball. In particular, the foot can be tilted laterally, and the ball can travel along the surface towards the lateral rear of the body upon impact.

[0034] Conversely, flat passes, short passes, dribbling, and soft passes have different ball trajectories.

[0035] It is understandable that the upper for shoes described in this article is beneficial for both types of kicking, thus overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0036] The ball contact area can be understood as the area, part, or surface component that comes into contact with the ball. Specifically, the ball contact area can be the area that comes into contact with the ball during a shot. It can be understood that, due to the ball's deformation during a shot, the ball contact area can be larger than the area covered if the ball merely rested on the shoe without being shot.

[0037] Each of the multiple protrusions is elastically bendable. This means that, for example, when subjected to an external force, such as the force provided by a ball, the protrusion can bend. Furthermore, the bending is elastic, meaning that the bending occurs essentially within the elastic deformation range of the material of the protrusion. Within this elastic deformation range, the stress and strain of the material can be expressed according to a linear relationship. This elastic (and linear) relationship of the material can also be referred to as Young's modulus. Conversely, plastic bending means that some deformation cannot be recovered.

[0038] The uppers described herein are specifically designed for use with athletic footwear, such as soccer cleats. However, it should be noted that the uppers can be used with virtually any type of footwear, including but not limited to soccer cleats, hiking boots, athletic shoes, basketball shoes, rugby shoes, baseball shoes, golf shoes, tennis shoes, and cross-training shoes. Furthermore, the uppers can be used with shoes intended for any type of sport. The term "sport" should be understood to encompass at least one or more and / or any combination of the following non-exhaustive lists: aerobic exercise, physical activity, running, hiking, rock climbing, group fitness classes, walking, cycling, yoga, soccer, tennis, American football, basketball, training, volleyball, gymnastics, weightlifting, cross-training, baseball, softball, rugby, hockey, wrestling, squash, track and field events (such as sprinting, long jump, high jump), and cross-country skiing.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, one or more (preferably each) of the plurality of protrusions includes an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion relative to the width of the protrusion, the aspect ratio being at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5; and / or at most 10, preferably at most 9, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 7, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 5, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3.

[0040] The geometric relationship between the height and width of each protrusion directly affects the aspect ratio. This geometry ensures that the protrusions maintain a specific shape and size, which is beneficial for their flexibility and overall functionality.

[0041] The introduction of these specific aspect ratio ranges brings several advantages to the upper. First, by limiting the aspect ratio within a certain range, the protrusions are optimized for their intended function of assisting shooting and / or passing. The prescribed aspect ratio ensures that the protrusions are neither too short or too wide, nor too high or too narrow, as these would compromise their elasticity and effectiveness.

[0042] A relatively high aspect ratio within a defined range ensures that the protrusions have sufficient height to interact effectively with the ball, while the width is controlled to maintain stability and prevent excessive bending or deformation. This balance enhances tactile feedback and controls the athlete's experience upon contact with the ball, thereby improving performance in athletic activities.

[0043] Furthermore, the optimal range of aspect ratios provides design flexibility while ensuring that the protrusions remain within their optimal functional range. This allows for changes to the manufacturing process and materials without compromising the performance characteristics of the upper.

[0044] In summary, the introduction of these specific aspect ratio ranges enhances the functionality, performance, and versatility of the upper, making it more effective for athletic applications.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions (preferably each) include a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm; and / or at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0046] This embodiment can provide precise dimensional characteristics for the protrusions, ensuring they are wide enough to provide desired mechanical properties such as elasticity and durability, which can be beneficial in assisting shooting and / or passing.

[0047] The specified minimum width ensures that the protrusion is strong enough to withstand repeated contact with the ball without permanently breaking or deforming.

[0048] Furthermore, this embodiment ensures that the protrusions are not excessively wide, as excessive width would impede their ability to bend elastically and negatively impact the tactile feedback and control provided to the user. By limiting the upper limit of width, this feature maintains a balance between flexibility and structural integrity, allowing the protrusions to bend elastically upon contact with the ball, thereby enhancing the user's ability to control the ball during a game.

[0049] The protrusions, within a defined width, can bend elastically and provide a controlled response upon contact with the ball, thus aiding in shooting and passing. This controlled response can be a direct result of specified dimensions that ensure the protrusions are neither too thin and brittle nor too thick and inflexible.

[0050] Therefore, the new features introduced by this embodiment bring about a precise and optimized structural configuration of the protrusion, enhancing the overall functionality and performance of the upper in assisting ball control during sports activities.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions (preferably each) include a height of at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm; and / or at most 1.2 mm, preferably at most 1.1 mm, preferably at most 1.0 mm.

[0052] This specific height range ensures that the protrusion is prominent enough to interact effectively with the ball. This enhances tactile feedback and control during shooting and / or passing.

[0053] The lower limit of the height ensures that the protrusion is not too short to effectively provide the required flexibility and grip.

[0054] Conversely, an upper limit ensures the protrusion isn't too high, which could otherwise lead to instability or discomfort during use. The specified height range balances the need for effective ball control with the comfort and structural integrity of the upper.

[0055] By defining these height parameters, the new features bring about controlled and / or optimized interaction between the upper and the ball. This can improve the shoe's performance characteristics.

[0056] The elastic flexibility of the protrusions, combined with their columnar shape and specified height, ensures that the microstructured surface can deform appropriately under pressure. This provides a consistent and reliable grip on the ball. This controlled deformation helps improve the accuracy and power of shots and passes, as the protrusions can bend and essentially return to their original shape. This can be used to maintain consistent contact with the ball.

[0057] Additionally, the specified height range contributes to the durability of the protrusions, preventing them from becoming too brittle or easily damaged. In summary, these new features result in significant improvements in the functional performance of the upper, particularly in sports applications where precise ball control may be crucial.

[0058] As those skilled in the art will understand, the protrusions can have different heights. In various examples, the height can be from 0.2 mm to 1 mm. In various examples, the height can depend on the desired aspect ratio, and vice versa. For example, in cases where a minimum aspect ratio of 1.2 is required, the height can be at most 0.7 mm.

[0059] In the preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the center distance between two adjacent protrusions of the plurality of protrusions is at least 1.1 times the width, preferably at least 1.2 times, preferably at least 1.3 times, preferably at least 1.4 times, preferably at least 1.5 times; and / or at most 4 times, preferably at most 3 times, preferably at most 2 times, preferably at most 1.8 times, preferably at most 1.6 times.

[0060] The center distance can be the distance between the centers of two adjacent protrusions.

[0061] The new feature introduced by this embodiment defines the center distance in relation to the width of the protrusion, thereby affecting the performance characteristics of the shoe upper.

[0062] For example, when the center distance between two adjacent protrusions is at least 1.1 times the width, it ensures that the protrusions are sufficiently spaced to allow for independent elastic bending, which can enhance ball control by providing a more responsive surface.

[0063] When the center distance is increased to at least 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and / or 1.5 times the width, the spacing allows for greater independent movement of each protrusion, potentially improving the accuracy and effectiveness of ball handling, shooting and / or passing.

[0064] Conversely, when the center-to-center distance is at most 4, 3, 2, 1.8, and 1.6 times the width, the protrusions are positioned closer together, which produces a more cohesive and uniform surface. This closer spacing enhances the overall grip and contact area with the ball, thus providing a more consistent and controlled interaction.

[0065] A specific range of center distances relative to the protrusion width allows for fine-tuning the balance between independent movement and cohesive surface interaction, thereby optimizing shoe performance characteristics for different types of sports and athlete preferences. These variations in center distance can directly affect tactile feedback and control the athlete's experience, making the shoe more suitable for various competition conditions and styles.

[0066] By precisely defining the center distance in relation to width, these features ensure that the microstructured surface can be tuned to achieve the desired balance of flexibility, control, and responsiveness, ultimately enhancing the functionality and performance of the athletic shoe.

[0067] As those skilled in the art will understand, in this embodiment the width used to define the center distance may be the average width of the protrusion.

[0068] In the preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the center distance between two adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

[0069] This embodiment can further contribute to the advantages mentioned in the foregoing embodiments.

[0070] In particular, this embodiment ensures precise and controlled interaction between the shoe's upper and the ball. By limiting the center distance within these ranges, this embodiment offers several advantages. First, it optimizes the density of protrusions on the microstructured surface, which has the potential to significantly enhance grip and control of the ball during shooting and / or passing.

[0071] The closer spacing of the protrusions, especially in the preferred range of 0.2mm to 1mm, allows for a more uniform and continuous contact surface, thereby reducing slippage and increasing the accuracy of ball control.

[0072] Furthermore, the specified center-to-center distance range contributes to the elastic flexibility of the protrusions, ensuring that they are neither too sparse nor too dense, which would otherwise impair their ability to bend elastically. This balance is crucial for maintaining the intended functionality of the microstructured surface. This is because each protrusion should be able to deform and return to its original shape to effectively assist in ball control.

[0073] Furthermore, the defined center-to-center distance range can also affect the durability and abrasion resistance of the upper. Overly densely packed protrusions may wear out faster due to increased friction and contact with the ball, while protrusions that are too far apart may not provide sufficient grip. Therefore, a defined center-to-center distance range achieves an optimal balance, thereby enhancing the overall performance and lifespan of the upper.

[0074] By refining the structural parameters of the microstructured surface, this embodiment significantly improves the functionality and effectiveness of shoes in sports applications, ensuring better control, precision, and durability for the wearer during use.

[0075] In the preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the center-to-center distance between each pair of adjacent protrusions among the plurality of protrusions is substantially uniform.

[0076] By ensuring a substantially uniform center distance, this design achieves consistent and predictable interaction between the shoe and the ball. This uniform center distance contributes to more controlled and reliable performance during activities such as shooting and / or passing. The uniform center distance ensures that the force applied to the ball is evenly distributed across the contact area, thereby improving the precision and accuracy of ball control.

[0077] In addition, uniform center-to-center spacing helps maintain the structural integrity of the microstructure surface because the uniform spacing of the protrusions helps prevent localized stress concentrations that could lead to premature wear or damage.

[0078] This embodiment can also facilitate the manufacturing process because a uniform center distance can simplify the design and production of molds, templates, and / or any kind of production line used to produce microstructured surfaces.

[0079] In addition, a uniform center distance can contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the shoe, thus providing a visually consistent pattern that consumers can perceive as more professional or of higher quality.

[0080] In summary, an embodiment where the center-to-center distance between each pair of adjacent protrusions is substantially uniform—by ensuring consistent ball contact—improves the shoe's functional performance. Furthermore, it enhances the durability of the microstructured surface by preventing stress concentration. Additionally, it streamlines the manufacturing process and potentially increases the product's aesthetic value.

[0081] According to this disclosure, the following situation is also well covered: the center distance may not be uniform; for example, the center distance may vary for two or more of a plurality of protrusions.

[0082] Total top surface

[0083] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the microstructured surface includes a contact portion defined by the aggregated top surfaces of a plurality of protrusions facing away from the shoe upper, wherein the contact surface coverage is 3% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, more preferably 5% to 15%, the coverage being defined by the aggregated top surfaces of the protrusions relative to the entire microstructured surface.

[0084] The top surfaces of these protrusions can face away from the shoe upper, thus creating different contact areas that can directly interact with the ball.

[0085] The raised top surfaces work together to form the contact portion—the part that engages with the ball during shooting and / or passing. The top surface facing away from the upper ensures the contact portion is optimally positioned for ball engagement. This enhances the shoe's ball control.

[0086] Furthermore, the contact surface coverage is specified within a specific range. This coverage is defined by comparing the total top surface area of ​​the protrusions to the entire microstructure surface. The specified coverage range introduces a quantitative measurement that ensures an optimal balance between gripping force and flexibility on the microstructure surface.

[0087] A lower percentage of coverage within the specified range ensures that the protrusions maintain sufficient spacing to preserve their flexible flexibility, which is crucial for assisting ball control.

[0088] Conversely, a higher percentage of coverage within this range ensures sufficient surface area in contact with the ball to provide the necessary grip and control during shooting and / or passing.

[0089] By defining the contact surface coverage in this way, this embodiment ensures consistent and reliable performance from the upper. This enhances the user's ability to effectively control the ball. Therefore, this embodiment can significantly improve shoe functionality by optimizing the interaction between the microstructured surface and the ball.

[0090] Length, layout, cross-section, material

[0091] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions includes a length that is substantially perpendicular to the width and height, the length and width being along the contour of the upper, wherein the length is between 0.8 and 1.2 times the width, preferably between 0.9 and 1.2 times the width, and most preferably the length is substantially equal to the width.

[0092] This specific configuration ensures that the protrusions maintain a consistent and predictable orientation relative to the surface of the shoe upper. This enhances control and interaction with the ball during shooting and / or passing.

[0093] The length and width of each protrusion are aligned with the contours of the shoe upper. This likely means that the protrusions follow the natural curvature and shape of the shoe. Therefore, the protrusions can provide seamless integration with the overall design and ensure, for example, that the microstructured surface does not interfere with the shoe's aesthetics.

[0094] The length of each protrusion is specified to be 0.8 to 1.2 times its width, which provides a balanced proportion that is neither too long nor too short, thereby optimizing the elastic bending characteristics and tactile feedback during ball contact.

[0095] Preferably, the length is between 0.9 and 1.2 times the width, which further narrows the range to ensure a more perfect balance and improves the accuracy and consistency of the protrusion performance.

[0096] Most preferably, the length is substantially equal to the width, which provides an optimal configuration in which the protrusions exhibit uniform curvature in all directions, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of the microstructured surface in assisting ball control.

[0097] This specific ratio ensures that the protrusion is neither too rigid nor too flexible, thus providing the right amount of resistance and elasticity needed for improved ball control.

[0098] The new features introduced in this embodiment bring a higher level of precision and performance to the upper, making it particularly suitable for sports where ball control is critical.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will understand that the lengths and / or widths described herein can be parallel to the upper, for example, in a straight line. In this way, the lengths and / or widths can be distinguished from, for example, the height, which is the normal to the upper.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the microstructured surface is at least partially arranged on the mesial toe portion, mesial metatarsal portion, mesial distal tarsal portion, lateral toe portion, lateral metatarsal portion, lateral distal tarsal portion, middle toe portion, middle metatarsal portion and / or middle distal tarsal portion of the upper.

[0101] This arrangement of microstructured surfaces facilitates a more comprehensive and strategic placement of these surfaces, thereby improving the functionality and performance of the shoe.

[0102] These different areas on the upper ensure that multiple protrusions are optimally positioned to interact with the ball at various stages of foot movement, with each protrusion having a columnar shape and being flexible and resilient. This strategic placement allows for improved control, accuracy, and power in shooting and / or passing. This is because the flexible and resilient protrusions can effectively engage with the ball at multiple contact points on the shoe.

[0103] By extending the microstructured surface to these different parts, the shoe can provide more consistent and reliable performance. This is possible regardless of the specific area of ​​the foot that comes into contact with the ball.

[0104] This embodiment thus provides enhanced versatility and adaptability to the shoe because it ensures that the benefits of the microstructured surface are not limited to a single area, but are distributed across multiple key areas of the shoe upper.

[0105] This distribution allows for a more balanced and effective interaction with the ball, thereby improving the athlete's overall performance.

[0106] Furthermore, the microstructured surface can be arranged on the tongue of the upper (when a tongue is present), and / or on the heel portion of the upper. When a tongue is present, arranging the microstructured surface on the tongue ensures that the microstructured surface is present in the intermediate metatarsal portion and / or the intermediate distal tarsal portion. Arranging the microstructured surface on the heel portion can provide a microstructured surface configured to assist heel shots and / or passes.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions has a horizontal cross-section that is substantially circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal, the cross-section being a cut through the protrusion perpendicular to the height of the protrusion, the cross-section preferably being at half the height of the protrusion.

[0108] This embodiment can introduce additional features to enhance the functionality and versatility of the shoe upper.

[0109] Specifically, each of the multiple protrusions can have a horizontal cross-section that is substantially circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal. This variation in cross-sectional shape allows for customized interaction between the shoe and the ball, potentially optimizing grip, control, and overall tactile response during shooting and passing.

[0110] The cross-section can be defined as a cut through the protrusion—perpendicular to the height of the protrusion. This ensures that the shape is consistent and precise at any given height. This precision in defining the cross-section ensures that mechanical properties—such as elasticity and flexural behavior—are uniform and predictable. This, in turn, enhances the performance reliability of the upper.

[0111] Preferably, the cross-section is taken at half the height of the protrusion, which provides a representative sample of the protrusion's shape and size—at the critical point where bending stress may be most significant. This halfway cross-section ensures that the structural integrity and functional characteristics of the protrusions are optimized for their intended purpose—assisting in ball control.

[0112] The introduction of these specific cross-sectional shapes and the precise definition of their locations can contribute to a more refined and adaptable design of the upper. This allows for improved customization and performance in a variety of sports activities.

[0113] By offering a range of cross-sectional shapes, the design can cater to different sports styles and preferences, thereby enhancing the overall user experience.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions comprises a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 50 to 100 Shore A, and more preferably 70 to 90 Shore A.

[0115] The Shore A hardness specified in this embodiment provides an advantage in terms of the bending of the protrusion and the corresponding restoring force after bending. Furthermore, this can also provide additional benefits in terms of assisting ball control.

[0116] Furthermore, the Shore A stiffness ensures a smoother transition for shooting (for example, compared to the considerably stiffer geometries known in the prior art). This has been found to be particularly advantageous for both shooting and passing.

[0117] Shore hardness measures the resistance of a material to indentation. Different types of Shore hardness scales are suitable for measuring the hardness of different materials (e.g., soft rubber, rigid plastics, and super-soft gels). Generally, the higher the numerical scale, the harder the material. For example, the difference between the Shore A and Shore D scales is that Shore A can be specified for measuring flexible rubber, while Shore D can be specified for harder rigid materials. Ranges can overlap at certain levels, such as at higher levels.

[0118] This embodiment refines the hardness by stating that each protrusion preferably comprises a Shore A hardness between 50 and 100. This narrower range further fine-tunes the material properties, enhancing the shoe's ability to assist in shooting and passing by providing a more consistent and reliable interaction between the ball and the microstructured surface.

[0119] Even more preferably, each protrusion comprises a Shore A hardness between 70 and 90 Shore A, which imparts an even higher degree of uniqueness to the material properties. This preferred range ensures an optimal balance between hardness and elasticity in the protrusions, thereby providing the best possible performance for their intended use in sports activities.

[0120] Base components

[0121] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the microstructured surface includes a base element, wherein a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the base element, and at least two of the plurality of protrusions are connected through the base element.

[0122] This base element can serve as a structural platform, supporting the protrusions and ensuring their stability and uniform distribution across the ball contact area. Including the base element can introduce a specific connectivity mechanism between the protrusions and the upper, as it provides a cohesive structure that integrates the protrusions with the rest of the upper material. This integration can be crucial for maintaining the functional integrity of the microstructured surface, as it allows the protrusions to bend elastically while remaining firmly attached to the upper.

[0123] Furthermore, the base element facilitates the precise and controlled arrangement of protrusions, optimizing their placement for effective ball control. By connecting at least two protrusions via the base element, this embodiment enhances the mechanical stability and durability of the microstructured surface. The connection between protrusions via the base element ensures that the force applied to one protrusion during ball contact is distributed across multiple protrusions, reducing the likelihood of individual protrusions detaching or breaking. This interconnection structure also contributes to more consistent and reliable performance of the microstructured surface because the overall behavior of the protrusions can be controlled more predictably.

[0124] Furthermore, it is believed that the role of the base element in the connecting protrusions can facilitate the manufacturing process. This could allow for more efficient production techniques that ensure the uniformity and quality of the microstructure surface.

[0125] In the preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the base element and each of the plurality of protrusions are integrally formed.

[0126] This embodiment, where multiple protrusions are integrally formed with the base element, offers advantages in improved manufacturing. Furthermore, mechanical integrity is enhanced, thereby improving the lifespan of the upper. In particular, fewer areas may be affected by stress peaks, etc. This is likely especially due to the absence of any attachment methods, such as adhesives.

[0127] In various examples, not all protrusions must be integrally formed with the base element, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. For example, at least two, three, four, five, etc., protrusions may be integrally formed with the base element.

[0128] It is understood that the base element and one or more of the protrusions are integrally formed, thus forming a single monolithic part. Therefore, the individual protrusions and base element may not be separate parts. For example, one or more of the protrusions, or each protrusion, may be molded into the base layer.

[0129] However, it is also conceivable to form protrusions separately and attach them to the upper and / or base element. In such embodiments, the protrusions can be bonded to the upper and / or base element using an adhesive (preferably a hot melt adhesive). Preferably, the protrusions are bonded to the upper and / or base element by curing the adhesive, for example by heat curing or UV curing.

[0130] In summary, the integrated formation of the base element and multiple protrusions not only enhances the structural integrity and durability of the upper, but also improves functional performance and manufacturing efficiency, representing a significant advancement over non-integrated designs.

[0131] However, separate constructions, i.e., non-monolithically formed individual parts, also have significant advantages. For example, providing separate parts rather than monolithically formed elements offers advantages in more complex arrangements. Furthermore, additional functionality can be more easily imposed. Therefore, it is understood that the choice between monolithically formed elements and providing separate parts can depend on various factors such as intended use, manufacturing process, material properties, desired results, desired functionality, and / or cost considerations. In various examples of this embodiment, the protrusions and base elements can be formed from different materials. For example, the material of the base element can include a lower elastic stiffness than the material of the protrusion, so that the reduction in the flexibility of the upper can be minimized. Meanwhile, the protrusions can have sufficient bending stiffness to aid in shooting and / or passing. Preferably, the base element comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, while the multiple protrusions comprise thermosetting elastomers, because thermosetting elastomers generally include higher stiffness compared to thermoplastic elastomers. However, other preferred examples are conceivable in which the material of the base element can include a higher elastic stiffness than the material of the protrusion.

[0132] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the base element forms a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of the upper, said portion of the upper extending in the forefoot and / or midfoot portion of the upper.

[0133] This continuous outermost layer provides a cohesive and uniform surface, enhancing the shoe's structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. This embodiment can bring several advantages to the shoe's design and function.

[0134] First, by forming a continuous outermost layer, the base element contributes to the shoe's durability and lifespan because it provides a protective barrier against wear and tear, especially in high-stress areas such as the forefoot and midfoot.

[0135] Secondly, this configuration improves shoe comfort and fit because the continuous layers provide a smoother and more uniform surface that better conforms to the shape of the foot, reducing the likelihood of irritation and pressure points. Additionally, the continuous outermost layer enhances the performance characteristics of the upper, especially in athletic shoes. This is achieved by providing a more stable and supportive structure that helps maintain proper foot alignment and distribute pressure more evenly during dynamic movements.

[0136] As described elsewhere in this article, this feature, when integrated with a microstructured surface (which includes multiple flexible, bendable protrusions in columnar shape), can also enhance the overall functionality of the shoe.

[0137] The continuous outermost layer provides a stable base for the microstructure surface, ensuring that the protrusions maintain their intended position and effectively assist in shooting and / or passing.

[0138] This synergy between the continuous outermost layer and the microstructured surface produces shoes that offer superior performance, comfort, and durability, making them particularly suitable for athletic applications where these attributes are highly valued.

[0139] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the base element includes a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.15 mm; and / or at most 1 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0140] The lower limit of the base element height ensures sufficient durability, while the upper limit of the base element height allows the upper to remain as flexible as possible.

[0141] contour elements

[0142] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, at least one contour element is arranged on the outer surface of the shoe upper, wherein the at least one contour element preferably includes a base element and a plurality of protrusions.

[0143] The silhouette element is designed to enhance the shoe's functionality and performance by providing additional structural and functional features.

[0144] Contour elements can be directly applied to the outer surface of the shoe upper, ensuring seamless integration that maintains the overall aesthetics and structural integrity of the shoe.

[0145] The outer surface includes a microstructured surface with contour elements to enhance the ball contact area, and the microstructured surface has included multiple protrusions configured to assist shooting and / or passing.

[0146] The novel feature of having at least one contour element on the outer surface offers several advantages. First, it provides an additional layer of interaction between the shoe and the ball, potentially enhancing grip and control during movement. Second, by providing an additional layer of material capable of absorbing impact and reducing abrasion, it can contribute to the durability and abrasion resistance of the upper.

[0147] Furthermore, the contour element comprises a base element and multiple protrusions that reflect the design of the microstructured surface. This configuration ensures that the contour element not only complements but also enhances the existing functional properties of the upper. The base element serves as the foundation structure to which the multiple protrusions attach. This ensures the stability and uniformity of their arrangement. The multiple protrusions on the contour element can be designed to be flexible and resilient, similar to protrusions on the microstructured surface. This provides consistent performance characteristics throughout the upper. The continuity of this design ensures that the shoe provides a uniform response to ball contact, regardless of the specific area of ​​the upper in contact with the ball.

[0148] Therefore, the integration of its base element and protruding contour element results in a synergistic enhancement of the shoe's overall performance. This can contribute to improved ball control, increased durability, and potentially a more refined aesthetic appeal.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, at least one contour element comprises one or more sub-contour elements, which are preferably separated from each other, wherein preferably at least one contour element is arranged in a grid and / or island pattern.

[0150] Arranging at least one contour element in a grid or island pattern allows the upper to remain sufficiently flexible, for example, by having gaps between them, in which the upper is not covered by the contour element or sub-contour elements. If the rubber contour elements extend substantially continuously, for example without one or more gaps between the sub-contour elements, this can make the upper relatively rigid. For example, the rigidity of the upper can be achieved through the properties of the contour elements, such as the rubber incorporated into them.

[0151] Specifically, one or more sub-profile elements can introduce a hierarchical structure into the microstructured surface. This hierarchical structure allows for more subtle interactions with the ball, potentially increasing accuracy and control during shots and passes. The one or more sub-profile elements are preferably separated from each other, ensuring that each sub-profile element can interact with the ball independently, thus providing a more dispersed and flexible contact surface. This separation also prevents the sub-profile elements from interfering with each other, thereby maintaining the integrity of the overall performance of the microstructured surface.

[0152] This grid pattern provides a uniform distribution of protrusions across the ball contact area. This grid arrangement improves the consistency of ball control because it ensures that the protrusions are evenly spaced and collectively contribute to the desired elastic bending and interaction with the ball.

[0153] Alternatively, at least one contour element can be arranged in an island pattern, which can create different interaction areas on the microstructured surface. This island pattern is particularly advantageous for creating specialized areas on the shoe upper that cater to different aspects of ball control, such as areas optimized for shooting, passing, or dribbling. The island arrangement can also provide a more targeted approach to ball control, allowing specific areas of the shoe to be fine-tuned for specific functions.

[0154] These additional features collectively bring a higher degree of customization and functionality to the shoe's upper, enhancing the athlete's ability to control the ball with greater precision and effectiveness. By combining these features, the upper can provide improved performance characteristics to meet the specific needs of athletes in a variety of sporting scenarios.

[0155] Material / Bending Function

[0156] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the microstructured surface comprises a thermosetting elastomer, preferably polyurethane (PU), rubber, and / or silicone; and / or, the microstructured surface comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, preferably thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic polyether block amide (PEBA), and / or thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE).

[0157] Materials including—such as polyurethane, rubber, silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide, thermoplastic polyether block amide, and thermoplastic polyester elastomers—introduce specific connectivity mechanisms between the components and the ball contact area on the microstructured surface. These materials are known for their unique properties, such as flexibility, durability, and elasticity, which enhance the performance characteristics of the shoe upper.

[0158] In the preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the majority of the upper's weight comes from the base material, and the majority of the weight of the microstructured surface comes from the same base material. In this embodiment, the preferred base material may be thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide, thermoplastic polyether block amide, or thermoplastic polyester elastomer. This provides the advantage that the entire upper can be more easily recycled. The majority of the weight may correspond to, preferably, greater than 50%, preferably greater than 70%, and preferably greater than 90% of the weight of the upper (and respectively, the microstructured surface).

[0159] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the ball contact area is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing in such a way that each of the plurality of protrusions is elastically flexible, such that each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to bend substantially upon contact with the ball.

[0160] This flexibility ensures that these protrusions deform upon contact with the ball, providing a more controlled and precise ball control experience.

[0161] In addition, each protrusion is designed in a columnar shape, which helps to maintain the structural integrity and consistency of the microstructure surface.

[0162] The configuration of each protrusion, which essentially bends upon contact with the ball, introduces a new level of adaptability and responsiveness to the upper. This bending mechanism allows the protrusions to absorb and redistribute the force exerted by the ball, thereby enhancing the athlete's control over the ball during shooting and passing actions.

[0163] The specific shape and elastic properties of the protrusions work together to create a surface that not only effectively grips the ball but also adapts to changing forces encountered during movement.

[0164] In various examples, each protrusion can be configured to bend substantially around the root point of each protrusion on the surface of the microstructure.

[0165] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to remain substantially non-bending when in contact with the ball during dribbling.

[0166] This embodiment introduces a specific communication mechanism between the protrusion and the ball, thereby customizing the protrusion to provide different interactions during dribbling—opposite to those during shooting or passing. For example, this mechanism can be achieved through corresponding rigidity of the protrusion.

[0167] The structural rigidity of the protrusions ensures that they remain substantially unbent when subjected to forces applied during tape winding. This rigidity can be achieved through material selection or structural design, as described elsewhere in this document. This ensures that the protrusions maintain their shape and position even under the dynamic and repetitive forces encountered during tape winding.

[0168] The new feature brings several advantages to the upper. First, it enhances ball control during dribbling by providing consistent and predictable surface interaction, allowing the athlete to maintain better control of the ball. The non-flexible nature of the protrusion ensures the ball does not slip or deviate unexpectedly, which is crucial for the precision of dribbling movements. Second, this feature complements the elastic flexibility of the protrusion during shooting and / or passing, as described elsewhere in this article. This is achieved by differentiating the functional response of the protrusion based on the type of ball contact.

[0169] This dual functionality ensures the upper adapts to different stages of the movement and is specifically designed to accommodate different types of ball contact. Therefore, it provides optimal performance whether the athlete is dribbling, shooting, and / or passing.

[0170] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions is elastically flexible, such that each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to bend so that the side or top of each protrusion contacts the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent protrusion upon contact with a ball.

[0171] The elastic flexibility of each protrusion ensures that it can bend and deform in a controlled manner when the ball contacts the upper. This deformation allows the side or top of the protrusion to contact the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent protrusion, creating a dynamic interaction that enhances grip and control of the ball.

[0172] The new features bring several advantages to the uppers used in shoes, especially in the case of athletic shoes. First, the ability of the protrusions to bend and contact the upper or adjacent protrusions increases the surface area in contact with the ball, thereby improving frictional interaction and providing better ball control. This is particularly advantageous for activities such as shooting and passing, where precise ball control is crucial. Second, the elastic nature of the protrusions allows them to return to their original shape after deformation, ensuring that the upper maintains its functional properties over time and with repeated use. This durability is essential for athletic shoes that undergo significant wear and tear.

[0173] Additionally, the interaction between the protrusions and the upper or adjacent protrusions creates a cushioning effect, absorbing some of the impact when the ball strikes the upper. This can enhance the wearer's comfort and potentially reduce the risk of injury.

[0174] In summary, the elastic flexibility of each protrusion—which contacts the upper or an adjacent protrusion upon ball contact—introduces a clever mechanism that enhances the upper's ball control, durability, comfort, and aesthetic appeal.

[0175] It should be noted that protrusions with a relatively large height can deform in such a way that the top of the protrusion can contact the outer surface of the shoe upper.

[0176] upper with contour elements

[0177] In a second aspect of the invention, the objective is achieved by an upper for shoes, particularly athletic shoes, the upper including a ball contact area comprising at least one contour element disposed on the outer surface of the upper.

[0178] a. At least one of the contour elements includes a microstructured surface, the microstructured surface including a plurality of protrusions;

[0179] b. Wherein the contour elements are configured to assist in shooting and / or passing;

[0180] c. Each of the multiple protrusions has a columnar shape.

[0181] It goes without saying that the features, technical characteristics, embodiments, advantages and improvements over the prior art described for the upper in the first aspect also apply to the upper in the second aspect (provided that it is technically meaningful as understood by those skilled in the art). The reverse is also true.

[0182] The second aspect of the upper displays a contour element that may be similar to the contour element of the first aspect of the upper.

[0183] Nevertheless, in this second aspect, the flexibility of the protrusion may not be necessary, although it is not excluded in various examples.

[0184] As described elsewhere in this document, the preferred aspect ratio of the protrusion in the second aspect may be lower than that in the first aspect.

[0185] However, the microstructured surface still provides increased specific contact pressure, and thus adds more gripping force to the contoured elements. In summary, similar advantages as described in the first aspect can be achieved. Specifically, improved shooting is provided while offering less dribbling interference. Furthermore, gripping force in wet conditions can be improved.

[0186] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the contour element comprises a thermosetting elastomer, rubber, and / or silicone.

[0187] These materials offer sufficient rigidity and support, and can help enhance ball control for shooting and / or passing. Furthermore, these materials are relatively readily available, cost-effective, and widely accepted in the field of shoe soles.

[0188] In addition, incorporating thermosetting elastomers, rubbers and / or silicones into contour elements offers several advantages, particularly in applications where durability, flexibility and resistance to various environmental factors are critical.

[0189] Thermosetting elastomers are known for their excellent mechanical properties and resistance to deformation under stress. Once cured, they may not melt or soften upon reheating, making them ideal for applications requiring long-term stability. Furthermore, thermosetting elastomers are generally resistant to a wide variety of chemicals, oils, and solvents, making them suitable for harsh chemical environments. Thermosetting elastomers offer a good balance of rigidity and flexibility, which is important for maintaining shape while allowing some movement.

[0190] Rubber offers excellent elasticity, flexibility, and wear resistance. It can withstand repeated stretching and compression, making it suitable for dynamic applications. Depending on the type (e.g., nitrile, EPDM), rubber can provide good resistance to oils, fuels, and other chemicals. Rubber can be highly flexible and elastic, making it ideal for applications requiring frequent movement or deformation.

[0191] Silicone is known for its excellent thermal stability and ability to maintain its properties over a wide temperature range. It is also resistant to UV light, ozone, and weathering, contributing to its durability in outdoor applications. Silicone exhibits excellent resistance to many chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and solvents, making it ideal for use in chemically corrosive environments. Silicone provides excellent flexibility and resilience, even at low temperatures, which is crucial for maintaining performance in cold environments.

[0192] In summary, the use of thermosetting elastomers, rubbers, and / or silicones in contour elements provides a robust solution that leverages the unique properties of each material to meet the requirements of the upper as described herein.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions (preferably each) includes an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion relative to the width of the protrusion, the aspect ratio being at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5; and / or at most 10, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3.

[0194] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0195] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions (preferably each) include a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm; and / or at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0196] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the center distance between two adjacent protrusions of the plurality of protrusions is 1.2 to 3 times, preferably 1.2 to 2 times, the width of one of the two adjacent protrusions.

[0198] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0199] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each of the plurality of protrusions includes a height of 0.2 to 1.2 mm.

[0200] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0201] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the microstructured surface includes a contact portion defined by the aggregate top surface of the protrusions among a plurality of protrusions, the top surface facing away from the upper, wherein the contact surface coverage is 20% to 70%, preferably 25% to 50%, more preferably 30% to 40%, the coverage being defined by the aggregate top surface of the protrusions among the plurality of protrusions relative to the entire microstructured surface.

[0202] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0203] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, each protrusion comprises a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 35 to 60 Shore A, and more preferably 40 to 55 Shore A.

[0204] The corresponding advantages have been mentioned with respect to the first aspect, as described herein. It should be noted that the preferred value for hardness is lower compared to the first aspect described herein.

[0205] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the microstructured surface includes a base element, wherein a plurality of protrusions and the base element are formed by molding a contour element such that the plurality of protrusions are integrally formed with the base element.

[0206] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0207] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, at least one contour element includes at least one macro protrusion that is larger than any one of the plurality of protrusions.

[0208] Macro-protrusions can provide additional functionality to the shoe upper. These macro-protrusions (or multiple protrusions, if provided) can work in conjunction with other protrusions on the microstructured surface to provide more customized functionality.

[0209] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, the macroscopic protrusion has a width of 0.8 mm to 5 mm and / or a height of 1.3 mm to 5 mm.

[0210] This further contributes to improved ball control.

[0211] In a preferred embodiment of the upper described herein, at least one contour element extends at least partially in the mesial toe portion, mesial metatarsal portion, and / or mesial distal tarsal portion of the upper.

[0212] The corresponding advantages have already been mentioned in relation to the first aspect, as described in this article.

[0213] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, at least one contour element has a substantially rhomboid, circular, and / or grid-like shape.

[0214] This grid pattern provides a uniform distribution of protrusions across the ball contact area. This grid arrangement improves the consistency of ball control because it ensures that the protrusions are evenly spaced and collectively contribute to the desired elastic bending and interaction with the ball.

[0215] In addition, rhombuses and circles can offer their own specific advantages in improving ball control, while also allowing for specific advantages in manufacturing and other aspects.

[0216] In a preferred embodiment of the shoe upper described herein, the contour element is a first contour element, wherein the shoe upper includes a second contour element, wherein the second contour element is spaced apart from the first contour element.

[0217] This allows for more refined ball control, as additional contour elements allow for fine-tuning of the upper's functionality.

[0218] On the other hand, these objectives are achieved by a shoe, particularly an athletic shoe, comprising: an upper according to any of the aspects / embodiments described herein; and a sole attached to the upper.

[0219] It goes without saying that the technical features shown or described on the upper, as well as the advantages and improvements over existing technologies, also apply to shoes, especially athletic shoes.

[0220] The upper can be attached to the sole by any suitable attachment means. As those skilled in the art will understand, attaching an upper to a sole can include a variety of methods and techniques, depending on the type of shoe, the materials used, and / or the desired level of durability and strength of the upper. For example, attachment can include adhesive bonding, a common method in which a strong adhesive is applied, for example, to one or both of the upper and the sole. They can then be pressed together to allow bonding.

[0221] On the other hand, these objectives are achieved by an upper for footwear, particularly athletic footwear, comprising a ball contact area including a microstructured surface; a. wherein the microstructured surface comprises a plurality of protrusions; b. wherein the microstructured surface is configured to assist shooting and / or passing in such a manner that each of the plurality of protrusions is elastically flexible; c. wherein each of the plurality of protrusions has a shape sized to allow anisotropic bending behavior, for example, each of the plurality of protrusions may have an elongated shape when viewed along the contour of the upper.

[0222] It goes without saying that the features, technical characteristics, embodiments, advantages and improvements relative to the prior art described for the uppers of the first and second aspects also apply to the uppers of the other aspect (provided that they are technically meaningful as understood by those skilled in the art). The reverse is also true.

[0223] This aspect has the added advantage that the protrusions allow for flexibility depending on the direction.

[0224] The fact that each of the plurality of protrusions has an elongated shape can mean that: along one axis of the shape, there can be a dimension that is larger than a dimension along one of the remaining axes substantially perpendicular to said axis, and preferably larger than two dimensions along the remaining two axes substantially perpendicular to said axis. It should be understood that manufacturing tolerances must generally be taken into account when describing dimensions herein. Although not always explicitly stated (e.g., by using the term “substantially”), it should be understood that the parts, elements, units, and shapes described herein include such manufacturing tolerances. Therefore, the dimensions described herein may vary slightly.

[0225] For example, the length of each protrusion may be different from the length of each protrusion in the first and / or second aspects.

[0226] For example, the length of each protrusion may be approximately at least 1.5 times the width, preferably at least 2 times the width, preferably at least 2.5 times the width, preferably at least 3 times the width, and / or, at most 6 times the width, preferably at most 5.5 times the width, preferably at most 5 times the width, preferably at most 4.5 times the width, preferably at most 4 times the width. Attached Figure Description

[0227] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0228] Figure 1 An exemplary upper for a shoe, particularly an athletic shoe, according to a first embodiment of a first aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0229] Figure 2 It shows different perspectives Figure 1Examples of implementations.

[0230] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 Examples of embodiments Figure 2 A close-up shot of point AA shown.

[0231] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a microstructure surface in its normal state, along with protrusions, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0232] Figure 5 The diagram shows two protrusions viewed from the top and one protrusion viewed from the side, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0233] Figure 6 An exemplary schematic diagram of a material for a microstructured surface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0234] Figure 7 An exemplary upper for a shoe, particularly a sports shoe, according to a second embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0235] Figure 8 It shows Figure 7 Examples of embodiments Figure 7 A close-up shot of point BB shown.

[0236] Figure 9 It shows Figure 8 Examples of embodiments Figure 8 The close-up shot at point CC is shown.

[0237] Figure 10 An exemplary upper for a shoe, particularly an athletic shoe, according to a first embodiment of a second aspect of this disclosure is shown.

[0238] Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 A detailed schematic diagram of a portion of the microstructure surface of an embodiment.

[0239] Figure 12 It shows Figure 10 A perspective view of a portion of the microstructure surface of an embodiment.

[0240] Figure 13 : A schematic diagram of a microstructured surface according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0241] The following describes only some possible embodiments of the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and many other embodiments can be applied without departing from the scope of the invention. The presented embodiments can be modified in several ways and combined with each other where compatible, and certain features can be omitted as long as they appear unnecessary. In particular, the disclosed embodiments can be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment.

[0242] It should be understood that not all features of the described aspects / embodiments are required to achieve the technical advantages provided by this disclosure, which is defined by the subject matter of the claims. The disclosed aspects / embodiments can be modified by combining certain features of one aspect / embodiment with one or more features of another aspect / embodiment. Specifically, those skilled in the art will understand that features and / or functional elements of one aspect / embodiment can be combined with technically compatible features and / or functional elements of any other aspect / embodiment of this disclosure, provided that the resulting combination falls within the definition of this disclosure.

[0243] Although the following embodiments are described primarily with reference to uppers for footwear, particularly athletic footwear, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure of the present invention can be equivalently applied to a number of different technical fields and / or use cases.

[0244] Throughout the accompanying drawings and description, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. For clarity and brevity, certain features, parts, elements, aspects, components, and / or steps of certain embodiments are presented without excessive detail, wherein such detail will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon considering the teachings herein, and / or wherein such detail will obscure the understanding of more relevant aspects of the embodiments.

[0245] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, and / or to avoid redundancy, reference has also been made to the explanations in the preceding sections, which also apply to the detailed description below. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity and clarity, not all features, parts, elements, aspects, components, and / or steps are explicitly indicated by reference numerals. This is particularly relevant where those skilled in the art recognize that such features, parts, elements, aspects, components, and / or steps exist in multiple forms. One example could be protrusion 151.

[0246] definition

[0247] As used herein, "toe portion" may include the portion near the big toe and / or the portion near the big toe joint.

[0248] Unless otherwise stated, the terms “substantially” or “basically” as used in this context may be understood as to a great extent or significant degree, or in the vast majority, or essentially. In particular, manufacturing tolerances are included in this term.

[0249] The term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects only and indicates that there are three possible relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B together, and B alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this disclosure generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects form an "or" relationship.

[0250] Terms indicating orientation or positional relationship, such as “bottom,” “top,” “one end,” “the other end,” “outer side,” “above,” “higher than,” “inner side,” “below,” “lower than,” “horizontal,” “coaxial,” “center,” “end,” “part,” “length,” “outer end,” etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0251] In this invention, the terms “above,” “higher than,” “below,” “lower than,” etc., used to indicate spatial relative positions are for ease of interpretation and to describe the relationship of the garments, elements, parts, objects, and / or features shown in the accompanying drawings relative to another garment, element, part, object, and / or feature. Attached Figure Description

[0253] Figures 1 to 3 An exemplary upper for shoes, particularly athletic shoes, according to a first embodiment of a first aspect of this disclosure is shown. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 ).

[0254] The upper 101 includes a ball contact area 140 comprising a microstructured surface 150. The microstructured surface 150 includes a plurality of protrusions 151 (not all protrusions are labeled for simplicity). Due to their microstructured nature, the protrusions 151 may not be easily distinguishable from... Figure 1 Identification in the middle. Protrusion 151 can be identified. Figure 3 The best view is achieved. The microstructured surface 150 is configured to assist shooting and / or passing, in that each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is elastically bendable. Each of the plurality of protrusions 151 has a columnar shape (such as...). Figure 4 (as shown in the special illustration).

[0255] The microstructured surface 150 is configured to assist shooting (e.g., kicking, powerful passing, etc.) and passing (e.g., dribbling, first touch, and / or short passes). Therefore, the microstructured surface 150 offers advantages in a variety of distinct game situations, as described in more detail elsewhere in this document.

[0256] It should be noted that the shooting and / or passing referred to herein can include any possible action in which the athlete arranges their shoe so that the upper 101 contacts the ball. The shooting referred to herein may mean a player kicking the ball with a fairly fast foot movement in an attempt to score a goal. Specifically, shooting can include powerful shots, such as power shots, which are shots that strike the ball with maximum force, typically used for long-range attempts. Another example could be a curve shot, which is a shot that strikes the ball with the near-middle side of the upper, where the athlete typically wraps their leg around the ball and then passes it outside their body. Another example could be a volley, which is a shot taken directly from the air with considerable force. Another example could be a half-volley, which is a shot that strikes the ball as it bounces off the ground, allowing for a powerful strike. Another example could be a free kick (when struck with force), which is a shot taken directly from a set piece with significant force. Another example could be a penalty kick (when struck with force), which is a shot taken from the penalty spot, typically with great force towards the goalkeeper. Another example could be a placed shot, a shot that emphasizes precision, aiming to get the ball out of the goalkeeper's reach. Another example could be a chip shot, a delicate shot that uses minimal power to lift the ball high over the goalkeeper. Yet another example could be a side-footed shot, a controlled and precise shot using the side of the foot, usually less powerful but generally easy to control. This disclosure covers the other examples well.

[0257] The passing referred to herein can include a less powerful kick, which may mean that a player is kicking the ball toward another player in an attempt to transfer possession of the ball. Specifically, passing can include high passes and / or flat passes, wherein, compared to a flat pass, a high pass typically involves a greater impact of the ball towards the upper side of the foot during the kick. Another example could be a curved pass, which technically corresponds to a curved shot as described above. Another example could be a side-footed pass, which technically corresponds to a side-footed shot as described above, wherein side-footed passes can generally be used for flat passes and / or short passes. This disclosure well covers other examples.

[0258] However, as noted above, those skilled in the art will understand that the different types and / or examples of shots listed above may overlap, and the different types and / or examples of passes listed above may also be related. These may partially overlap. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the possible speed range of a shot may overlap with the possible speed range of a pass.

[0259] On the other hand, low-impact ball contact as referred to in this article can include dribbling, which involves moving the ball with a series of controlled contacts, typically emphasizing mobility rather than power. Another example could be the first touch, the initial contact used to control the ball, emphasizing precision and control. Yet another example could be a short pass, when the ball is kicked at a relatively low speed.

[0260] The microstructured surface 150 may be at least partially arranged on the mid toe portion 105, mid metatarsal portion 110, mid distal tarsal portion 115, lateral toe portion 120, lateral metatarsal portion 125, lateral distal tarsal portion 130, middle toe portion, middle metatarsal portion and / or mid distal tarsal portion of the upper 101.

[0261] The mesial toe portion 105 referred to herein may include the portion of the upper corresponding to the respective toe. However, the mesial toe portion is not limited thereto. In particular, it is not specifically limited to the respective toe itself. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, it may also include adjacent tissues, such as tissues adjacent to the toes.

[0262] The mesial metatarsal portion 110 referred to herein may include, for example, the mesial and / or apical sides of the first metatarsal.

[0263] The proximal tarsal portion 115, as referred to herein, may include, for example, the proximal and superior sides of the first cuneiform and / or the navicular bone. It may be particularly advantageous where the contour elements described elsewhere herein are arranged in the middle of the navicular bone and / or extend near the navicular bone.

[0264] The lateral toe portion 120 referred to herein may include, for example, the lateral and / or apical side of the fifth toe.

[0265] The parametrial portion 125 referred to herein may include, for example, the parametrial and / or apical portion of the fifth metatarsal.

[0266] The paravertebral tarsal portion 130 referred to herein may include, for example, the paravertebral and apical sides of the paravertebral cuneiform and / or cuboid bones.

[0267] It should be noted that, when viewed along the direction from the midfoot to the side of the foot (and from the side of the foot to the midfoot), the respective “middle” portions, namely the middle toe portion, the middle metatarsal portion, and / or the middle distal tarsal portion, are essentially between their respective side and midfoot portions.

[0268] One or more of the plurality of protrusions 151, or each protrusion 151, has a horizontal cross-section that is substantially circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal, and this cross-section is a cut through the protrusion 151—perpendicular to the height of the protrusion 151. This cross-section is preferably half the height of the protrusion 151. This shape can be... Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 The best view in the middle.

[0269] One or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 in the embodiments of the first aspect described herein, or each protrusion 151, may include a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 50 to 100 Shore A, more preferably 70 to 90 Shore A.

[0270] This embodiment has a microstructured surface 150 that extends substantially continuously across the front piece of the upper 151. The microstructured surface 150 is molded into a substantially continuous sheet, thereby integrally forming the base element 156 (e.g., Figure 4 For the best view, and more detailed references Figure 4 (Described) and protrusion 151, as described elsewhere in this document.

[0271] The microstructure surface 150 is then bonded to one or more other layers. This combination can thus form a layered structure—for the front portion of the upper 101. The layered structure can then be cut and bonded (e.g., including but not limited to stitching) to other portions, parts, elements, components, etc., of the upper 101. The material of the microstructure surface 150 can be any kind of material. For example, the microstructure surface 150 may include thermosetting elastomers such as polyurethane (PU), rubber, and / or silicone; and / or, the microstructure surface may include thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic polyether block amide (PEBA), and / or thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). Preferably, the material of the microstructure surface 150 includes TPU, or it is substantially composed of TPU.

[0272] refer to Figures 1-3 It is conceivable that the base element 156 can form a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of the upper 101, which extends in the forefoot and / or midfoot portion of the upper 101.

[0273] As is generally applicable to any embodiment herein, the ball contact area 140 is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing in such a way that each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is elastically flexible, such that each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is configured to be substantially flexible upon contact with the ball. Furthermore, as is generally applicable to any embodiment herein, each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is configured to be substantially non-flexible upon contact with the ball during dribbling.

[0274] In this way, it can be understood that the upper 101 offers various advantages. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that this microstructured surface 150 provides force-dependent grip, and therefore provides increased grip for shot-force (e.g., for high-impact ball contact). These may occur, for example, during kicking. Simultaneously, the microstructured surface 150 provides less grip for low-impact ball contact. This may occur, for example, during dribbling, first-touch, and / or short-distance passing.

[0275] Furthermore, as is generally applicable to any embodiment herein, each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is elastically bendable, such that each of the plurality of protrusions 151 is configured to bend so that the side or top of each protrusion 151—in contact with the ball—contacts the outer surface of the upper 101 or an adjacent protrusion 151.

[0276] Figure 1 The image also shows a shoe 100, particularly an athletic shoe, which includes an upper 101 and a sole 102 attached to the upper 101.

[0277] like Figure 1 As exemplarily shown, shoe 100 may be provided with studs 180 (only two are shown for simplicity), which may also be referred to as cleats. These are used to provide traction friction for athletes on the ground, especially on soft surfaces such as grass. The use of studs is known in ball sports such as soccer (or football, e.g., American football), rugby, etc. In some examples, the studs may be integrally formed with the sole 102 of shoe 100. The studs 180 may be at least partially injection-molded into the base material. In various examples, pre-formed stud tips may be placed in a mold and over-injected with the base material. The base material may include a portion of the sole 102. In various examples, the studs 180 may comprise TPU. Integral-formed or injection-molded studs 180 have the advantage of not requiring screws and / or not requiring replacement of studs 180. However, interchangeable studs 180 or screw-on studs 180 may also be used.

[0278] It should be noted that the microstructured surface 150 may additionally or alternatively be arranged on the tongue of the upper 101 (when a tongue is present), and / or on the heel portion of the upper 101.

[0279] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a microstructure surface 150 in its normal state, together with protrusions, is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of two protrusions 151 viewed from the top and one protrusion viewed from the side, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0280] As can be seen, one or more (preferably each) of the plurality of protrusions 151 comprise a height p_h of the protrusion 151. Figure 4 and Figure 5 (as shown in the image) is greater than the width p_w of protrusion 151. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The aspect ratio defined as shown in the figure is at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5; and / or at most 10, preferably at most 8, preferably at most 6, preferably at most 4, preferably at most 3.

[0281] As from Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 (preferably each) may have a width p_w, which is at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm; and / or at most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm.

[0282] As from Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 (preferably each) include a height p_h, which is at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm; and / or at most 1.2 mm, preferably at most 1.1 mm, preferably at most 1.0 mm.

[0283] As from Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the center distance pt between two adjacent protrusions 151 in the plurality of protrusions 151 is at least 1.1 times the width p_w, preferably at least 1.2 times, preferably at least 1.3 times, preferably at least 1.4 times, preferably at least 1.5 times; and / or the width p_w of the protrusion 151 is at most 4 times, preferably at most 3 times, preferably at most 2 times, preferably at most 1.8 times, preferably at most 1.6 times.

[0284] Furthermore, the center distance pt between two adjacent protrusions 151 in the plurality of protrusions 151 can be approximately between 0.1 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.

[0285] As from Figure 4 As can be seen from the schematic diagram, the center distance pt between each pair of adjacent protrusions in the multiple protrusions is basically uniform.

[0286] As described elsewhere herein, this disclosure well covers the fact that the center distance pt may not be uniform; for example, the center distance pt may vary for two or more of the plurality of protrusions 151.

[0287] As from Figure 4 and Figure 5 Thus, the microstructured surface 150 includes a contact portion defined by the combined top surface of a plurality of protrusions 151, the top surface facing away from the upper 101. Furthermore, the contact surface coverage is 3% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, more preferably 5% to 15%. As mentioned elsewhere herein, the coverage may be defined by the combined top surface of the plurality of protrusions 151 compared to the microstructured surface 150. (Refer to...) Figure 4 A square can represent the top surface of protrusion 151. The total top area can be the sum of these top areas, which is the total area of ​​the microstructure surface 150 (in...). Figure 4 In the image, only the base element 156 is shown; in some specific examples, its area can be divided by the area of ​​the microstructure surface 150.

[0288] As from Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 or each protrusion 151 may include a length p_l that is substantially perpendicular to the width p_w and the height p_h, the length p_l and the width p_w being along the contour of the upper 101, wherein the length p_l is between 0.8 and 1.2 times the width, preferably between 0.9 and 1.2 times the width, and most preferably the length is substantially equal to the width p_w.

[0289] The microstructure surface 150 may include a base element 156, wherein a plurality of protrusions 151 may be arranged on the base element 156, and at least two of the protrusions 151 are connected via the base element 156. The base element 156 also... Figure 11 and Figure 12 It is displayed in the middle.

[0290] The base element 156 and one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 may be integrally formed. However, as described elsewhere herein, one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 may be formed individually.

[0291] An integrally formed element, such as forming a base element 156 and one or more of the plurality of protrusions 151 or each of the protrusions 151 into a single piece, may also be referred to as a monolithic or integrated design. This can provide several advantages in a variety of situations. For example, it can provide strength and durability because an integral piece can generally have fewer weaknesses and / or potential points of failure compared to an assembly of multiple parts. This can result in increased overall strength and durability. Furthermore, integral pieces can essentially eliminate the need for individual parts, fasteners, or connectors, although this is not exclusionary. This can also lead to cost savings in production. In addition, integral pieces can reduce the total weight of the resulting structure and / or product. This can be particularly advantageous in the case of shoe soles—where weight reduction may be of great importance. Furthermore, integral pieces can provide improved performance due to the reduction in wear, vibration, noise, etc., associated with individual moving parts. Moreover, by eliminating the need for additional parts, components, etc., integral pieces can reduce material costs, labor costs, and / or assembly time, resulting in cost savings. In addition, fewer parts generally mean a simplified construction, which can lead to reduced material waste during production and handling. This can contribute to more sustainable and environmentally friendly products.

[0292] In a particularly preferred example, one or more, or each of the plurality of protrusions 151, is molded into the base layer 156. Thus, the base layer 156 and the corresponding protrusions 151 are integrally formed. For example, this will refer to... Figures 1-3 The embodiments are described below.

[0293] It should be noted that the protrusion 151 described in all embodiments herein can be understood as a microstructure protrusion 151. To determine its dimensions, it is feasible to use dimensions that can be significantly representative of the protrusion 151. For the width p_w, it is found that the midpoint of the height is useful for determining this dimension. That is, because the width p_w at the very top / bottom of the protrusion 151 can be relatively small / large.

[0294] exist Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram also shows the side angle α. The corresponding angled side of the protrusion 151 may extend along the entire height p_h of the protrusion 151, or alternatively, extend only partially from the top surface along the height p_h of the protrusion 151.

[0295] The lateral angle α can be at least 0°, preferably at least 1°, preferably at least 2°, preferably at least 3°, preferably at least 4°, preferably at least 5°, preferably at least 10°, preferably at least 15°, preferably at least 20°, and / or up to 40°, preferably up to 30°, preferably up to 25°, preferably up to 20°, preferably up to 15°, preferably up to 10°, preferably up to 5°. Those skilled in the art can readily select a reasonable and appropriate range, as the combination of upper and lower limits is technically meaningful.

[0296] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a protrusion 151 with a circular cross-section.

[0297] Figure 6 An example diagram of a material for a microstructured surface 150 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0298] Specifically, this figure shows the coefficient of friction (CoF, y-axis) for samples A and D and for the reference sample (R) under their respective extrusion pressures (x-axis). The reference sample does not contain a microstructured surface and is a fabric coated with PU foil. The extrusion pressure on the examined microstructured surface—relative to the reference surface (e.g., a sphere)—was measured. All test results are shown for dry conditions (A, D, R) and wet conditions (A', D', R'). The samples are described in more detail in the table below.

[0299] As from Figure 6 As can be seen, compared to reference type R, samples A, and especially sample D, provide a greater increase in CoF with respect to extrusion pressure. This ensures force-dependent frictional properties under both wet and dry conditions.

[0300] The table below shows some specific examples of microstructured surfaces and protrusions. This table is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit—the scope of protection defined by the claims.

[0301]

[0302] Figures 7 to 9 An exemplary upper 101 for shoes, particularly athletic shoes, according to a second embodiment of the first aspect of this disclosure is shown. Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 This embodiment corresponds to the remaining embodiments described herein, and key differences are highlighted, but common features are also presented. Reference numerals correspond to the remaining embodiments herein.

[0303] The upper 101 includes a ball contact area 140 and a microstructured surface 150, as described elsewhere in this document.

[0304] At least one contour element 160 (e.g.) Figure 8 and Figure 9 (Best viewed) Arranged on the outer surface of the upper 101, wherein at least one contour element 160 preferably includes a base element 156 (such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 (Best view in the middle) and multiple protrusions 151.

[0305] At least one contour element 160 includes one or more sub-contour elements 165, which are preferably separated from each other. Figure 7 (Only one of them is exemplarily indicated by reference numeral 165 in the accompanying drawings). Figure 7 As best seen, at least one contour element 160 is preferably arranged in a grid and / or island pattern.

[0306] exist Figures 7-9 In the middle, the contour element 160 is arranged together with the microstructure surface 150 in the mesial and middle toe portion, the mesial and middle metatarsal portion, and the mesial distal tarsal portion.

[0307] The first profile element 160 is provided with a microstructured surface 150 having a mesh-like shape.

[0308] Furthermore, at least one second contour element 160' is provided with a microstructured surface 150 having a rhomboid shape. This second contour element 160' is located within the first contour element 160.

[0309] Macroscopic protrusions 155 are arranged on the first profile element 160, adjacent to the microstructure surface 150. These macroscopic protrusions 155 are approximately 1 mm wide and 1-3 mm high.

[0310] The material of the contour elements 160 and 160' can be rubber.

[0311] Fabrication: The contour elements are formed from rubber in a mold. They are then bonded to the outer surface of a layered structure of the shoe upper. The layered structure can be any existing type, including woven or knitted fabrics, nonwoven textiles, leather, synthetic leather, foam layers, etc., and finally a coating on top, such as a TPU or PU foil layer. An adhesive, preferably a hot-melt adhesive, can be used to bond the contour elements to the layered structure, preferably by hot pressing.

[0312] At least one contour element is arranged in a grid or island pattern—through gaps between the shoe uppers—allowing the upper to remain sufficiently flexible, where the contour elements are not covered in the gaps. If the rubber contour elements extend continuously, this will make the upper relatively rigid due to the properties of rubber.

[0313] Different microstructured surfaces 150 can be arranged on different contour elements 160, thereby providing different frictional characteristics for different areas, which is desired by the wearer. For example, contour elements 160 can be arranged on any side and / or middle portion of the body, and the contour elements on the side and / or middle portion can have a lower width and / or aspect ratio compared to contour elements 160 arranged on any near-center portion.

[0314] Figures 10 to 12 An exemplary upper for a shoe, particularly an athletic shoe, according to a first embodiment of a second aspect of this disclosure is shown. Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 A detailed schematic diagram of a portion of the microstructure surface in an embodiment. Figure 12 It shows Figure 10 A perspective view of a portion of the microstructure surface of an embodiment. This embodiment corresponds to the remaining embodiments described herein, particularly the first aspect, and key differences are emphasized, but common features are also presented. Reference numerals correspond to the remaining embodiments herein.

[0315] The upper 101 includes a ball contact area 140, which includes at least one contour element 160 disposed on the outer surface of the upper 101; the at least one contour element 160 includes a microstructured surface 150, which includes a plurality of protrusions 151 (exemplarily, three protrusions 151 are designated by reference numerals). The contour element 160 is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing. Each of the plurality of protrusions 151 has a columnar shape, as described elsewhere herein.

[0316] The upper 101 is not limited to a single contour element 160. Exemplarily, at least one second contour element 160' is present in... Figure 10 The figures are indicated by reference numerals. However, as shown in the accompanying drawings... Figure 10 As can be seen, the upper 101 may include a plurality of contour elements 160, particularly nine (nine) contour elements 160, 160'. It is possible that one or more contour elements—excluding the microstructure surface 150—are arranged, for example, on the mid-side of the upper 101.

[0317] Contour elements 160 and 160' have a rhomboid shape. In this embodiment, the second contour element 160' is not within the first contour element 160, but is adjacent to it.

[0318] Specifically, the contour element 160 can be a first contour element 160, and the other contour element 160' can be a second contour element 160' spaced apart from the first contour element 160. This has the effect that the upper 101 remains flexible because the contour elements 160 are preferably made of an elastomer or rubber material. The space between the contour elements 160 (which can be provided, for example, by means of island-like or grid-like patterns as described elsewhere herein) provides this flexibility.

[0319] Macroeconomic surge 155 ( Figure 10 (Not shown) can be arranged on the first profile element 160, adjacent to the microstructure surface 150. These macro protrusions 155 are larger than any one of the plurality of protrusions 151. These macro protrusions 155 have a width of approximately 1 mm and / or a height of approximately 1-3 mm.

[0320] The material of the contour elements 160 and 160' can be rubber.

[0321] The profile element 160 comprises a thermosetting elastomer, rubber, and / or silicone. The center distance, height, width, length, and aspect ratio may be similar to those of the embodiments in the first aspect.

[0322] One or more protrusions 151 may include a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 35 to 60 Shore A, more preferably 40 to 55 Shore A.

[0323] As from Figure 10 It can be seen that at least one of the contour elements 160 extends at least partially in the mesial toe portion, mesial metatarsal portion and / or mesial distal tarsal portion of the upper.

[0324] As an example, Figures 10 to 12 The embodiments shown may have the dimensions listed in the table above for sample F.

[0325] Each contour element 160, provided with a microstructured surface 150, is arranged in strategically advantageous portions of the upper 101, namely, in the toe portion, metatarsal portion, and / or distal tarsal portion of the upper 101 (e.g., Figure 1 (as shown in the image).

[0326] Figure 11 The microstructure surface 150 of the contour element 160 is shown in more detail. An optional base element 156 is also shown. Dimensions are listed in the table above (see sample F). The height b_h of the base element can be approximately 0.5 mm (not shown in the table above).

[0327] As described elsewhere in this document, the contour element 160 itself (preferably made of rubber) provides enhanced grip. The microstructured surfaces 150 included in the contour element 160—by increasing specific contact pressure—advantageously enhance functionality. This can further improve grip, especially under wet conditions.

[0328] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a microstructured surface 150 according to another aspect of the present disclosure is shown.

[0329] The microstructured surface 150 described herein can be combined with another aspect described herein, wherein protrusions 151 (not all protrusions 151 are present) Figure 13 (The figures shown are marked with reference numerals) and are described as having a slender shape when viewed along the contours of the shoe upper.

[0330] By having an elongated shape, the protrusion 151 provides a first direction D1, which may be substantially perpendicular to the elongated axis of the protrusion 151. This first direction D1 can provide increased friction. By having an elongated shape, the protrusion 151 provides a second direction D2, which may be substantially parallel to the elongated axis of the protrusion 151. Lower friction can be provided along this direction. As described elsewhere herein, this has the advantage of allowing flexibility depending on the direction.

[0331] For example, the length of each protrusion may be different from the length of each protrusion in the first and / or second aspects.

[0332] For example, the length of each protrusion may be approximately at least 1.5 times the width, preferably at least 2 times the width, preferably at least 2.5 times the width, preferably at least 3 times the width, and / or, at most 6 times the width, preferably at most 5.5 times the width, preferably at most 5 times the width, preferably at most 4.5 times the width, preferably at most 4 times the width.

[0333] Manufacturing of shoe uppers

[0334] Examples can be provided via various manufacturing processes.

[0335] For example, the first embodiment of the first aspect (i.e., including—as such) Figures 1-3 A portion of the layered structure of the shoe upper shown—a continuous microstructured surface—can be obtained through an extrusion process. Here, material can be transferred from an extruder to a cylindrical die—a die having a negative pattern of the microstructured surface (i.e., including protrusions). This allows the fabrication of a continuous sheet of microstructured surface 151, which can then be cut and bonded to other layers of the layered structure, ultimately bonding the layered structure to the other pieces of the shoe upper 101 of the shoe 100.

[0336] This article describes contour element 160 (see...) Figure 7-9 and / or Figure 10-12 Any embodiment of the above-described process can also be produced.

[0337] However, preferably, a manufacturing process can be employed in which the initial element is formed in a mold under heat and pressure. The contour element 160 thus formed is held in the mold, and an adhesive is applied to the bottom surface of the contour element 160. Subsequently, the mold having the contour element 160 is hot-pressed onto the layered structure of the upper 101, thereby bonding the two together.

[0338] This method can also be applied to the first embodiment of the first aspect ( Figures 1-3 ).

[0339] In an alternative manufacturing method, particularly if the material is TPU, initial elements and / or outer layers—potentially already arranged on the layered structure of the upper—can be hot-pressed using a mold. They can thus be embossed and / or debossed to form the microstructured surface 150, while the contour elements 160 are already arranged on the upper. The remainder of the upper 101 can be embossed and / or debossed simultaneously.

[0340] In an alternative manufacturing method, forming microstructured surfaces on the outer layer and / or initial components can be achieved by milling or stamping.

[0341] In an alternative manufacturing method, contour elements and / or microstructure surface sheets can be formed using high-frequency welding or vacuum forming.

[0342] In an alternative manufacturing method, microstructured surfaces can be formed by printing protrusions onto the base element, for example, through screen printing or additive manufacturing processes.

[0343] In an alternative manufacturing method, the base element is covered by a cover layer (e.g., foil) that includes holes through which protrusions extend.

[0344] These are just some examples, and the specific methods of manufacturing are not limited to these examples.

[0345] In any one or more embodiments of the shoe upper described herein, references to "first," "second," etc., correspond only to naming elements, parts, groups, etc. Such naming should not be construed as restrictive, but is merely used to illustrate the purposes of this disclosure.

[0346] It should be noted that, as those skilled in the art will understand, any one or more of the embodiments and / or examples described herein can be combined with other aspects as described herein, and details of the embodiments and / or examples may be omitted. The scope of protection is determined by the claims and is not limited to the embodiments and / or examples disclosed in the foregoing drawings.

[0347] List of reference numerals

[0348] 100 shoes

[0349] 101 Shoe Upper

[0350] 102 Shoe Sole

[0351] 105. Near the middle toe area

[0352] 110 Mesial metatarsal portion

[0353] 115. Proximal to distal tarsal portion

[0354] 120. Toe area beside the body

[0355] 125. Parametroid portion

[0356] 130. The distal tarsal portion of the body.

[0357] 140 ball contact area

[0358] 150 Microstructured Surface

[0359] 151 protrusion

[0360] 155 Macroeconomic Upsurge

[0361] 156 Base Components

[0362] 160 (First) Contour Element

[0363] 160' Second Profile Element

[0364] 165 Sub-profile elements

[0365] p_w width of the protrusion

[0366] p_l length of the protrusion

[0367] The height of the p_h protrusion

[0368] b_h Height of the base element

[0369] pt center distance

[0370] α Lateral angle

[0371] D1 First Direction

[0372] D2 Second Direction

[0373] X x-axis

[0374] Y-axis

Claims

1. An upper (101) for shoes, particularly athletic shoes, the upper including a ball contact area (140), the ball contact area including a microstructured surface (150); a. Wherein, the microstructure surface (150) includes a plurality of protrusions (151); b. Among them, The microstructured surface (150) is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing, in that each of the plurality of protrusions (151) is elastically bendable; c. Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a columnar shape.

2. The upper (101) according to the preceding claim, wherein, One or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151) includes an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion relative to the width of the protrusion, said aspect ratio being at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5; and / or Up to 10, preferred up to 8, preferred up to 6, preferred up to 4, preferred up to 3.

3. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, One or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151) having a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm; and / or At most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, and preferably at most 0.3 mm.

4. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, One or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151) having a height of at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm; and / or At most 1.2mm, preferably at most 1.1mm, and more preferably at most 1.0mm.

5. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The center-to-center distance between two adjacent protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is at least 1.1 times the width, preferably at least 1.2 times, preferably at least 1.3 times, preferably at least 1.4 times, preferably at least 1.5 times; and / or It is at most 4 times the width, preferably at most 3 times, preferably at most 2 times, preferably at most 1.8 times, and preferably at most 1.6 times.

6. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The center distance between two adjacent protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) is 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

7. The upper (101) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, For each pair of adjacent protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151), the center distance is substantially uniform.

8. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The microstructured surface (150) includes a contact portion defined by the combined top surface of the protrusions (151) among the plurality of protrusions (151), the top surface facing away from the shoe upper. The contact surface coverage is 3% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, more preferably 5% to 15%, and the coverage is defined by the total top surface of the protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) relative to the microstructure surface (150).

9. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) includes a length that is substantially perpendicular to the width and height, the length and the width being along the contour of the upper, wherein the length is between 0.8 and 1.2 times the width, preferably between 0.9 and 1.2 times the width, and most preferably the length is substantially equal to the width.

10. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The microstructured surface (150) is at least partially arranged on the upper of the shoe in the following portions: the mesial toe portion (105), the mesial metatarsal portion (110), the mesial distal tarsal portion (115), the lateral toe portion (120), the lateral metatarsal portion (125), the lateral distal tarsal portion (130), the middle toe portion, the middle metatarsal portion, and / or the middle distal tarsal portion.

11. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a horizontal cross-section that is substantially circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal, the cross-section being a cut through the protrusion perpendicular to the height of the protrusion. The cross-section is preferably half the height of the protrusion.

12. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) comprises a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110 Shore A, preferably 50 to 100 Shore A, and more preferably 70 to 90 Shore A.

13. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The microstructure surface (150) includes a base element (156), wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged on the base element (156). At least two of the plurality of protrusions (151) are connected by the base element (156).

14. The upper (101) according to claim 13, wherein, The base element (156) and each of the plurality of protrusions (151) are integrally formed.

15. The upper (101) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, The base element (156) forms a substantially continuous outermost layer of a portion of the upper, which extends in the forefoot and / or midfoot portion of the upper.

16. The upper (101) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, At least one contour element (160) is disposed on the outer surface of the shoe upper, wherein the at least one contour element (160) includes the base element (156) and the plurality of protrusions.

17. The upper according to claim 16, wherein, The at least one contour element (160) includes one or more sub-contour elements (165), which are preferably separated from each other. Preferably, the at least one contour element (160) is arranged in a grid and / or island pattern.

18. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The microstructured surface (150) comprises a thermosetting elastomer, preferably polyurethane (PU), rubber, and / or silicone; and / or The microstructure surface (150) comprises a thermoplastic elastomer, preferably thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic polyether block amide (PEBA), and / or thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE).

19. The upper (101) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The ball contact area (140) is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing in such a way that each of the plurality of protrusions (151) is elastically bendable, such that each of the plurality of protrusions (151) is configured to be substantially bend upon contact with the ball.

20. The upper (101) according to claim 19, wherein, Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) is configured to remain substantially non-bending when in contact with the ball during dribbling.

21. The upper according to claim 19, wherein, Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) is elastically flexible, such that each of the plurality of protrusions (151) is configured to bend such that the side or top of each protrusion (151) contacts the outer surface of the upper or an adjacent protrusion when in contact with a ball.

22. An upper (101) for shoes, particularly athletic shoes, the upper including a ball contact area (140) including at least one contour element (160) disposed on the outer surface of the upper; a. wherein the at least one contour element (160) includes a microstructured surface (150) including a plurality of protrusions (151); b. Among them, The contour element (160) is configured to assist in shooting and / or passing; c. Among them, Each of the plurality of protrusions (151) has a columnar shape.

23. The upper (101) according to claim 22, wherein, The contour element (160) comprises a thermosetting elastomer, preferably polyurethane (PU), rubber and / or silicone.

24. The upper (101) according to claim 22 or 23, wherein, One or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151) includes an aspect ratio defined by the height of the protrusion relative to the width of the protrusion, said aspect ratio being at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2, preferably at least 1.3, preferably at least 1.4, preferably at least 1.5; and / or Up to 10, preferred up to 8, preferred up to 6, preferred up to 4, preferred up to 3.

25. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein, One or more of the plurality of protrusions (151), preferably each protrusion (151) having a width of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm; and / or At most 1.0 mm, preferably at most 0.7 mm, preferably at most 0.5 mm, and preferably at most 0.3 mm.

26. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein, The center distance between two adjacent protrusions in the plurality of protrusions is 1.2 to 3 times the width, preferably 1.2 to 2 times the width.

27. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein, Each of the plurality of protrusions has a height of 0.2 to 1.2 mm.

28. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 27, wherein, The microstructured surface (150) includes a contact portion defined by the combined top surface of the protrusions (151) among the plurality of protrusions (151), the top surface facing away from the shoe upper. The contact surface coverage is 20% to 70%, preferably 25% to 50%, more preferably 30% to 40%, and the coverage is defined by the total top surface of the protrusions (151) of the plurality of protrusions (151) relative to the microstructure surface (150).

29. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 28, wherein, Each protrusion has a Shore A hardness of 30 to 110, preferably 35 to 60, and more preferably 40 to 55.

30. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein, The microstructure surface (150) includes a base element (156), wherein the plurality of protrusions and the base element (156) are formed by molding the contour element (160) such that the plurality of protrusions are integrally formed with the base element (156).

31. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 30, wherein, The at least one contour element (160) includes at least one macro protrusion, which is larger than any one of the plurality of protrusions (151).

32. The upper (101) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The macroscopic protrusion has a width of 0.8 mm to 5 mm and / or a height of 1.3 mm to 5 mm.

33. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 32, wherein, The at least one contour element (160) extends at least partially in the mesial toe portion, mesial metatarsal portion and / or mesial distal tarsal portion of the upper.

34. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 33, wherein, The at least one contour element (160) has a substantially rhomboid, circular, and / or grid-like shape.

35. The upper (101) according to any one of claims 22 to 34, wherein, The contour element (160) is a first contour element (160), wherein the upper includes a second contour element (160'), wherein the second contour element (160') is spaced apart from the first contour element (160).

36. A shoe (100), particularly an athletic shoe, said shoe (100, 200, 300) comprising: The upper according to any one of claims 1-35; as well as The sole (102, 202) is attached to the upper (101).

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