Laser welding device for precise materials

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of precise material welding, and discloses a laser welding device for precise materials, which comprises a workbench and a portal frame slidably mounted on the workbench, the portal frame comprises a guide frame and an L-shaped plate, and a welding assembly is mounted on the guide frame. The second air cylinder drives the heating pressing plate to move, the heating pressing plate drives the heat insulation sleeve and the guide table to move close to the weld joint, in the process, the scraper blade scrapes welding slag near the weld joint, the scraped welding slag is stacked on the inclined face of the scraper blade, and the rotating roller rolls along with movement of the scraper blade; and the rotating roller feeds the welding slag on the inclined surface of the scraper into the surface of the welding piece again through the trough. The third air cylinder drives the steering base plate to ascend and descend, the steering base plate inclines, welding slag scraped off from a welding piece falls off from the welding piece, and in addition, welding flux overflowing from a welding seam flows towards the welding seam on the other side along with inclination of the welding piece, the non-full welding seam is filled, and the flatness of the welding seam is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision material welding technology, and more specifically to a laser welding apparatus for precision materials. Background Technology

[0002] Precision materials play a vital role in modern science and industry, characterized by high precision, high performance, and high reliability. These materials include metal alloys and ceramics. Laser welding is frequently used to weld precision materials.

[0003] In the welding process of metal and ceramic materials, ceramic materials are mainly composed of ionic and covalent bonds, while metals are mainly composed of metallic bonds. The two are almost non-wetting, making it difficult for the molten metal to spread on the ceramic surface, thus increasing the difficulty of welding. The solution is usually to pre-metallize the ceramic surface to improve wettability. Pre-metallization of the ceramic surface refers to the process of pre-forming a metal layer or metal compound layer on the surface of the ceramic material.

[0004] The existing laser welding process has the following technical problems in use; First, due to the poor wettability of metals on ceramic surfaces, molten metal cannot fully spread and fill the weld gap, resulting in incomplete weld filling, porosity, and other defects, thus affecting weld quality. Existing technologies reduce the weld gap by bringing the two welded parts closer together to solve the problem of incomplete weld filling; however, this method also leads to localized solder overflow from the weld, reducing weld smoothness.

[0005] Secondly, regarding how to collect overflow, existing technologies use scrapers to repair welds or collect overflow. For example, in the invention patent with publication number CN117943758B, the scraper collects overflow while also collecting welding slag near the weld. Since welding slag is a metal oxide, it has no value for welding. Moreover, the oxides in the welding slag can cause porosity in the weld. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a laser welding device for precision materials.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A laser welding apparatus for precision materials includes a worktable and a gantry frame slidably mounted on the worktable. The gantry frame includes a guide frame and an L-shaped plate. A welding assembly is mounted on the guide frame, and the welding assembly includes a laser welding machine slidably mounted on the guide frame. A collecting assembly is installed inside the L-shaped plate. The collecting assembly includes a guide plate, and a heating pressure plate is connected to the bottom of the guide plate. The guide plate is driven vertically by a first cylinder and horizontally by a second cylinder. A heat insulation sleeve is installed on the side of the heating pressure plate near the weld. A guide platform and a scraper are installed on the heat insulation sleeve. A cooling pipe is installed inside the heat insulation sleeve, and the opening of the heat insulation sleeve faces downward. A driving assembly is installed inside the worktable. The driving assembly includes a vertical plate and a steering base plate rotatably mounted on the vertical plate. A guide platform is installed on the steering base plate, and the welding component is inserted into the guide platform.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a guide groove is opened inside the guide platform, a guide block is installed on the scraper, the guide block is slidably installed inside the guide groove, the guide block is connected to the guide groove wall by a spring, a material groove is opened inside the scraper, a rotating roller is rotatably installed in the material groove, the rotating roller is in contact with the welded parts, and a collection box is installed at the bottom of the guide platform. When the scraper slides to the bottom of the guide groove, the rotating roller is in contact with the inlet of the collection box.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a sliding groove is provided on the top of the guide platform, and a guide frame is slidably installed inside the sliding groove. The guide frame is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove by a spring. A strong magnet is installed on the guide frame, and the strong magnets on the two guide platforms repel each other. A limiting head is longitudinally slidably installed inside the guide platform, and a reset spring is installed on the limiting head. When the guide frame slides to one side of the sliding groove, the guide frame presses the top of the limiting head, and the bottom of the limiting head abuts against the guide block.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a side plate is installed on the inner side of the guide frame, a cylinder is fixedly installed on the side plate, the output end of the cylinder passes through one side of the L-shaped plate and connects to the guide head, and the guide head slides inside the guide plate; the second cylinder is installed on the other side of the L-shaped plate.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the drive assembly further includes a cylinder three, which is connected to a steering base plate on the side away from the vertical plate.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: an adjustment assembly is installed on the workbench, the adjustment assembly is connected to the gantry frame via a transmission, the adjustment assembly includes a lead screw fixedly installed on the workbench, the lead screw is connected to the guide frame via a transmission, a guide rod is installed on the workbench, and the guide rod is slidably connected to the guide frame.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the welding assembly further includes a motor fixedly mounted on the guide frame, the output end of the motor being connected to a lead screw, and the lead screw being connected to the laser welding machine via transmission.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention drives the heating plate to move by the second cylinder. The heating plate drives the heat insulation sleeve and the guide table to move closer to the weld. During this process, the scraper scrapes off the welding slag near the weld. The scraped welding slag is piled on the inclined surface of the scraper. As the scraper moves, the rotating roller rolls along with it. The rotating roller sends the welding slag on the inclined surface of the scraper back to the surface of the welded part through the material trough.

[0015] When the scraper approaches the weld, cylinder two stops. At this time, cylinder three drives the steering base plate to move up and down. By tilting the steering base plate, the weldment is tilted accordingly, which causes the scraped slag on the weldment to fall off the weldment. Moreover, as the weldment is tilted, the overflowing weld material flows to the other side of the weld, filling the incomplete weld and improving the flatness of the weld.

[0016] (2) The present invention controls the cylinder two to continue moving, so that the scrapers on the metal welded parts and ceramic welded parts move towards the weld. When the two scrapers come into contact, the strong magnet on the guide frame generates a repulsive force, which in turn drives the guide frame to slide to the other side of the slide groove. The spring one is compressed. At this time, the limit head rebounds and moves upward under the action of the reset spring, releasing the limit on the guide block.

[0017] As the second cylinder continues to move, the scraper cuts off excess solder on the weld seam. Simultaneously, the two scrapers slide into the corresponding guide grooves, causing the roller to come into contact with the inlet of the collection box, thus prompting the solder to be collected into the collection box through the trough. This invention prevents the collected overflow from being mixed with solder slag by scraping off the solder slag before collecting the overflow, thus avoiding the formation of porosity in the weld seam due to oxides in the solder slag. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the driver component; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the upright plate and the steering base plate; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the welding assembly; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the gantry and the collection components; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the heating plate and the heat insulation sleeve; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the heat insulation sleeve and the guide platform; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the guide table and the scraper; Figure 9 yes Figure 8Enlarged view of the structure of part A.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Gantry frame; 201. Guide frame; 202. Side plate; 203. L-shaped plate; 3. Adjustment assembly; 301. Lead screw one; 302. Guide rod; 4. Drive assembly; 401. Vertical plate; 402. Cylinder three; 403. Steering base plate; 5. Guide table; 7. Welding assembly; 701. Motor; 702. Lead screw two; 703. Laser welding machine; 8. Collection assembly; 801. Cylinder one; 802. Cylinder 2; 803, Guide plate; 804, Guide head; 805, Heating pressure plate; 806, Heat insulation sleeve; 807, Refrigeration pipe; 808, Guide platform; 809, Scraper; 810, Guide block; 811, Guide groove; 812, Spring 2; 813, Material trough; 814, Rotary roller; 815, Collection box; 816, Guide frame; 817, Strong magnet; 818, Slide groove; 819, Spring 1; 820, Limit head; 821, Return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-9 As shown, the present invention is a laser welding device for precision materials, comprising a worktable 1 and a gantry frame 2 slidably mounted on the worktable 1. The gantry frame 2 includes a guide frame 201 and an L-shaped plate 203. A welding assembly 7 is mounted on the guide frame 201, and the welding assembly 7 includes a laser welding machine 703 slidably mounted on the guide frame 201. A collecting assembly 8 is installed inside the L-shaped plate 203, and the collecting assembly 8 includes a guide plate 803. A heating pressure plate 805 is connected to the bottom of the guide plate 803. The guide plate 803 is powered by a cylinder 80... 1. Driven vertically, and driven horizontally by cylinder 802; a heat insulation sleeve 806 is installed on the side of the heating pressure plate 805 near the weld, a guide plate 808 and a scraper 809 are installed on the heat insulation sleeve 806, a cooling pipe 807 is installed inside the heat insulation sleeve 806, and the opening of the heat insulation sleeve 806 faces downward; a drive assembly 4 is installed in the workbench 1, the drive assembly 4 includes a vertical plate 401 and a steering base plate 403 rotatably installed on the vertical plate 401, a guide plate 5 is installed on the steering base plate 403, and a welding part is inserted into the guide plate 5.

[0023] Specifically, a guide groove 811 is formed inside the guide platform 808, and a guide block 810 is installed on the scraper 809. The guide block 810 is slidably installed inside the guide groove 811. The guide block 810 is connected to the groove wall of the guide groove 811 by a spring 812. A material groove 813 is formed inside the scraper 809, and a rotating roller 814 is rotatably installed inside the material groove 813. The rotating roller 814 is attached to the welded parts. A collection box 815 is installed at the bottom of the guide platform 808. When the scraper 809 slides to the bottom of the guide groove 811, the rotating roller 814 is attached to the feed inlet of the collection box 815. Specifically, a groove 818 is formed on the top of the guide platform 808, and a guide frame 816 is slidably installed inside the groove 818. The guide frame 816 is connected to the inner wall of the groove 818 by a spring 819. A strong magnet 817 is installed on the guide frame 816. The strong magnets 817 on the two guide platforms 808 repel each other. A limiting head 820 is slidably installed longitudinally inside the guide platform 808, and a reset spring 821 is installed on the limiting head 821. When the guide frame 816 slides to one side of the groove 818, the guide frame 816 presses the top of the limiting head 820, and the bottom of the limiting head 820 abuts against the guide block 810.

[0024] Specifically, a side plate 202 is installed on the inner side of the guide frame 201, and a cylinder 801 is fixedly installed on the side plate 202. The output end of the cylinder 801 passes through one side of the L-shaped plate 203 and connects to the guide head 804. The guide head 804 slides inside the guide plate 803. The cylinder 802 is installed on the other side of the L-shaped plate 203.

[0025] In use, the ceramic and metal welded parts are inserted into the guide table 5 in sequence to make the two welding surfaces fit together. The guide plate 803 and the heating plate 805 are driven to move down by the cylinder 801, and the heating plate 805 is controlled to fit the corresponding welded parts. The rotating roller 814 also fits the welded parts.

[0026] It should be noted that during laser welding, the coefficients of thermal expansion of metal and ceramic differ significantly. When heated by a laser, the different degrees of expansion result in substantial thermal stress, which can easily lead to damage such as cracks in the metal layer on the ceramic surface.

[0027] Before welding, the heating element built into the heating plate 805 preheats the ceramic welding parts to reduce thermal stress and prevent damage to the metal layer on the surface of the ceramic material. The welding area of ​​the two welding parts is welded by a laser welding machine 703. Simultaneously, the two welding parts are moved closer together by a drive cylinder (not shown in the accompanying drawings) on the steering base plate 403, reducing the weld gap and preventing incomplete weld filling that could lead to defects such as porosity.

[0028] It should be noted that while reducing the weld gap by pushing the two welded parts closer together can solve the problem of incomplete weld filling, this method can also lead to local weld overflow, reducing the smoothness of the weld.

[0029] The heating plate 805 is moved by cylinder 2 802. The heating plate 805 moves the heat insulation sleeve 806 and the guide table 808 closer to the weld. During this process, the scraper 809 scrapes away the welding slag near the weld. The scraped welding slag accumulates on the inclined surface of the scraper 809. As the scraper 809 moves, the rotating roller 814 rolls, and the rotating roller 814 feeds the welding slag on the inclined surface of the scraper 809 back onto the surface of the welded part through the material trough 813. When the scraper 809 approaches the weld, cylinder 2 802 stops. At this time, cylinder 3 402 drives the steering base plate 403 to move up and down. By tilting the steering base plate 403, the welded part is tilted accordingly, thereby causing the scraped welding slag on the welded part to fall off. Moreover, as the welded part tilts, the welding material overflowing from the weld flows to the other side of the weld, filling the incomplete weld and improving the flatness of the weld.

[0030] Control cylinder 3 402 is reset, bringing the steering base plate 403 to a horizontal position. Then, control cylinder 2 802 continues to move, causing the scrapers 809 on the metal and ceramic welded parts to move towards the weld seam. When the two scrapers 809 contact, the strong magnet 817 on the guide frame 816 generates a repulsive force, which in turn drives the guide frame 816 to slide to the other side of the slide groove 818. Spring 1 819 is compressed, and at this time, the limiting head 820 rebounds and moves upward under the action of the reset spring 821, releasing the limitation on the guide block 810. As cylinder 2 802 continues to move, the scrapers 809 cut off the excess solder on the weld seam, and at the same time, the two scrapers 809 slide into the corresponding guide groove 811, causing the roller 814 to fit against the feed inlet of the collection box 815, prompting the solder to be collected into the collection box 815 through the material trough 813. The present invention prevents the collected overflow material from being mixed with welding slag by first scraping off the welding slag with the collection component 8, and avoids the formation of porosity in the weld due to oxides in the welding slag.

[0031] It should be noted that the drive cylinder on the steering base plate 403 (not mentioned in the attached diagram) is used to drive the two welded parts to move closer to each other. The working principle of this drive cylinder is existing technology, and will not be described in detail here. The refrigeration pipe 807 is connected to the refrigeration system.

[0032] It should be noted that the ceramic welding surface has a convex design, while the metal welding surface has a concave design. After welding, this invention uses a cooling pipe 807 to cool the ceramic material, causing the concave surface of the metal welding surface to pre-contract and wrap around the ceramic welding surface, thus improving the adhesion between the metal layer on the ceramic material surface and the metal material. The cooling pipe 807 controls the rate at which the ceramic material cools down faster than the metal. The cooling pipe 807 is connected to a temperature sensor, which detects the metal temperature to prevent the cooling pipe 807 from cooling the ceramic material too quickly, which could lead to other problems.

[0033] See Figures 1-4 The drive assembly 4 also includes a cylinder 3 402, which is connected to a steering base plate 403 on the side away from the vertical plate 401.

[0034] Specifically, an adjustment assembly 3 is installed on the workbench 1, and the adjustment assembly 3 is connected to the gantry frame 2 via a transmission. The adjustment assembly 3 includes a lead screw 301 fixedly installed on the workbench 1, which is connected to the guide frame 201 via a transmission. A guide rod 302 is installed on the workbench 1, and the guide rod 302 is slidably connected to the guide frame 201.

[0035] Specifically, the welding assembly 7 also includes a motor 701 fixedly mounted on the guide frame 201, the output end of the motor 701 is connected to a lead screw 702, and the lead screw 702 is connected to the laser welding machine 703 for transmission.

[0036] It should be noted that the lead screw 301 drives the gantry 2 to move and adjusts the position of the laser welding machine 703 on the gantry 2; the motor 701 drives the laser welding machine 703 to move through the lead screw 702, thereby controlling the laser welding machine 703 to weld along the weld seam.

[0037] The implementation principle of this invention is as follows: Before welding, the ceramic and metal welding parts are inserted into the guide table 5 in sequence to make the two welding surfaces fit together. The guide plate 803 and the heating plate 805 are driven to move down by the cylinder 801, and the heating plate 805 is controlled to fit the corresponding welding parts. The rotating roller 814 also fits the welding parts.

[0038] The heating element built into the heating plate 805 preheats the ceramic weldment, reducing thermal stress and preventing damage to the metal layer on the surface of the ceramic material. The laser welding machine 703 welds the two weldments together. Simultaneously, the drive cylinders on the steering base plate 403 (not shown in the attached diagram) push the two weldments closer together, reducing the weld gap and preventing incomplete weld filling that could lead to defects such as porosity.

[0039] It should be noted that while reducing the weld gap by pushing the two welded parts closer together can solve the problem of incomplete weld filling, this method can also lead to local weld overflow, reducing the smoothness of the weld.

[0040] The heating plate 805 is moved by cylinder 2 802. The heating plate 805 moves the heat insulation sleeve 806 and the guide table 808 closer to the weld. During this process, the scraper 809 scrapes away the welding slag near the weld. The scraped welding slag accumulates on the inclined surface of the scraper 809. As the scraper 809 moves, the rotating roller 814 rolls, and the rotating roller 814 feeds the welding slag on the inclined surface of the scraper 809 back onto the surface of the welded part through the material trough 813. When the scraper 809 approaches the weld, cylinder 2 802 stops. At this time, cylinder 3 402 drives the steering base plate 403 to move up and down. By tilting the steering base plate 403, the welded part is tilted accordingly, thereby causing the scraped welding slag on the welded part to fall off. Moreover, as the welded part tilts, the welding material overflowing from the weld flows to the other side of the weld, filling the incomplete weld and improving the flatness of the weld.

[0041] Control cylinder 3 402 is reset, bringing the steering base plate 403 to a horizontal position. Then, control cylinder 2 802 continues to move, causing the scrapers 809 on the metal and ceramic welded parts to move towards the weld seam. When the two scrapers 809 contact, the strong magnet 817 on the guide frame 816 generates a repulsive force, which in turn drives the guide frame 816 to slide to the other side of the slide groove 818. Spring 1 819 is compressed, and at this time, the limiting head 820 rebounds and moves upward under the action of the reset spring 821, releasing the limitation on the guide block 810. As cylinder 2 802 continues to move, the scrapers 809 cut off the excess solder on the weld seam, and at the same time, the two scrapers 809 slide into the corresponding guide groove 811, causing the roller 814 to fit against the feed inlet of the collection box 815, prompting the solder to be collected into the collection box 815 through the material trough 813. The present invention prevents the collected overflow material from being mixed with welding slag by first scraping off the welding slag with the collection component 8, and avoids the formation of porosity in the weld due to oxides in the welding slag.

Claims

1. A laser welding apparatus for precision materials, characterized in that, The system includes a workbench (1) and a gantry frame (2) that is slidably mounted on the workbench (1). The gantry frame (2) includes a guide frame (201) and an L-shaped plate (203). A welding assembly (7) is mounted on the guide frame (201). The welding assembly (7) includes a laser welding machine (703) that is slidably mounted on the guide frame (201). A collection assembly (8) is installed inside the L-shaped plate (203). The collection assembly (8) includes a guide plate (803). A heating pressure plate (805) is connected to the bottom of the guide plate (803). The guide plate (803) is driven to move vertically by cylinder one (801) and to move horizontally by cylinder two (802). A heat insulation sleeve (806) is installed on the side of the heating plate (805) near the weld. A guide plate (808) and a scraper (809) are installed on the heat insulation sleeve (806). A cooling pipe (807) is installed inside the heat insulation sleeve (806). The opening of the heat insulation sleeve (806) faces downward. The drive assembly (4) is installed inside the workbench (1). The drive assembly (4) includes a vertical plate (401) and a steering base plate (403) rotatably mounted on the vertical plate (401). A guide plate (5) is installed on the steering base plate (403), and a welded component is inserted inside the guide plate (5).

2. The laser welding apparatus for precision materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide platform (808) has a guide groove (811) inside. The scraper (809) is equipped with a guide block (810). The guide block (810) is slidably installed inside the guide groove (811). The guide block (810) is connected to the groove wall of the guide groove (811) by a spring (812). The scraper (809) has a material groove (813) inside. The rotating roller (814) is rotatably installed inside the material groove (813). The rotating roller (814) is attached to the welded parts. The bottom of the guide platform (808) is equipped with a collection box (815). When the scraper (809) slides to the bottom of the guide groove (811), the rotating roller (814) is attached to the feed port of the collection box (815).

3. The laser welding apparatus for precision materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the guide platform (808) has a sliding groove (818), and a guide frame (816) is slidably installed inside the sliding groove (818). The guide frame (816) is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove (818) by a spring (819). A strong magnet (817) is installed on the guide frame (816). The strong magnets (817) on the two guide platforms (808) repel each other. A limiting head (820) is slidably installed longitudinally inside the guide platform (808). A reset spring (821) is installed on the limiting head (820). When the guide frame (816) slides to one side of the sliding groove (818), the guide frame (816) presses the top of the limiting head (820), and the bottom of the limiting head (820) abuts against the guide block (810).

4. The laser welding apparatus for precision materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide frame (201) is equipped with a side plate (202) on the inside. Cylinder 1 (801) is fixedly installed on the side plate (202). The output end of cylinder 1 (801) passes through one side of the L-shaped plate (203) and connects to the guide head (804). The guide head (804) slides inside the guide plate (803). Cylinder 2 (802) is installed on the other side of the L-shaped plate (203).

5. The laser welding apparatus for precision materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (4) also includes a cylinder three (402), which is connected to a steering base plate (403) on the side away from the vertical plate (401).

6. The laser welding apparatus for precision materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adjustment assembly (3) is installed on the workbench (1). The adjustment assembly (3) is connected to the gantry frame (2) via a transmission. The adjustment assembly (3) includes a lead screw (301) fixedly installed on the workbench (1). The lead screw (301) is connected to the guide frame (201) via a transmission. A guide rod (302) is installed on the workbench (1). The guide rod (302) is slidably connected to the guide frame (201).

7. The laser welding apparatus for precision materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The welding assembly (7) also includes a motor (701) fixedly mounted on the guide frame (201), the output end of the motor (701) is connected to the lead screw (702), and the lead screw (702) is connected to the laser welding machine (703) for transmission.

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