Expansion water diversion system for regulation and storage of high-position underground cave depot for taking water under dam

Abstract

The invention provides a dilatation and water diversion system for regulation and storage of a high-position underground cave depot taking water under a dam. The dilatation and water diversion system comprises an original water delivery system composed of a reservoir area water inlet and a main water delivery tunnel, a reservoir hub facility composed of a reservoir, a barrage, a power station and a downstream river channel, and a high-position underground cave depot water diversion system. The high-position underground cave depot water diversion system comprises an under-dam water intake, a water inlet pipe, a pump station, a pressure water conveying pipeline, a high-position underground cave depot and a diversion increasing tunnel which are sequentially connected, the under-dam water intake is formed in a downstream river channel of tail water of the power station, the pump station is arranged on the bottomland of the downstream river channel, and the high-position underground cave depot is arranged in a mountain with good geological conditions at the high position of a bank slope. And the diversion increasing tunnel is provided with a diversion increasing gate. The method has the advantages that the expansion and increment water diversion problem of the built long-distance water conveyance project under the condition of insufficient water diversion amount of the reservoir is effectively solved, and the difficulty of policy processing such as water resource expansion demonstration, immigrant and land acquisition is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water diversion and regulation technology in water conservancy projects, specifically to an expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern storage and regulation of water intake below a dam. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of the economy and society, urban water demand has gradually increased. When the existing water supply system cannot meet the demand, it is generally necessary to find new water sources and build new water transmission and distribution systems, which is difficult and costly. Especially in first-tier cities or urban clusters, the demand for water supply is large, and the supporting water supply projects are mostly long-distance, high-flow water transmission projects. The route selection and construction of these transmission lines are extremely difficult, requiring even higher investment and longer construction periods. Therefore, making full use of existing water sources and transmission lines to expand water transmission capacity with minimal engineering measures is an ideal solution. However, how to solve the problems of water source quantity and flow capacity is the primary issue at hand.

[0003] The conventional solution to address the issue of available water supply is to increase water intake from the existing reservoir. This approach significantly impacts the reservoir's existing water resource utilization methods, involves various external conditions, and presents considerable policy challenges. Addressing the flow capacity issue typically involves constructing pumping stations to increase water delivery pressure. However, the construction of elevated regulating reservoirs downstream of these pumping stations usually requires the acquisition of large tracts of land, also involving numerous policy issues.

[0004] Constructing underground caverns can avoid large-scale land acquisition and reduce the difficulty of policy handling. Chinese patent CN214033574U discloses a pressure-regulating, automatic silt-flushing, pressure-free cavern structure. Connected upstream to the outlet pipe of a pumping station, it mainly consists of a storage cavern section, an inlet retaining wall, an inlet pipe, a sedimentation tank, an automatic silt-flushing system, and ventilation holes. This pressure-free cavern technology is functionally similar to the outlet pool of a pumping station; the silt-flushing of the cavern requires utilizing the elevation difference between the internal and external terrain. However, this structure does not address the issue of increasing the flow capacity of the existing water conveyance system, nor does it address how to coordinate with the existing water conveyance system through scheduling.

[0005] Therefore, based on the existing water conveyance system, overcoming the above difficulties and constructing an expanded water diversion system with high-level underground caverns for water intake and storage below the dam is of great significance in solving the problem of urban water supply shortage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an expansion and diversion system for high-level underground caverns downstream of dams that effectively solves the problem of expanding and increasing water diversion capacity in existing long-distance water conveyance projects under the condition of insufficient water diversion capacity in reservoirs, and greatly reduces the difficulty of handling policy issues such as water resource expansion demonstration, resettlement, and land acquisition.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: An expanded water diversion system for regulating water intake in a high-level underground cavern downstream of a dam includes an original water conveyance system consisting of a reservoir intake and a main water conveyance tunnel, and a reservoir hub facility consisting of a reservoir, a dam, a power station, and a downstream river channel. It also includes a high-level underground cavern water diversion system, which comprises, in sequence, a dam intake, an intake pipe, a pumping station, a pressurized water conveyance pipeline, a high-level underground cavern, and an additional diversion tunnel. The dam intake is located downstream of the power station's tailrace, the pumping station is located on the riverbank of the downstream river channel, the high-level underground cavern is located in a mountain with favorable geological conditions on a high bank slope, and the additional diversion tunnel is equipped with an additional diversion gate.

[0008] Furthermore, the additional gate includes an upstream vent pipe, a working gate, a gate chamber, a maintenance gate, a downstream vent pipe, and a hoist located at the top, arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. The hoist is used for opening and closing the working gate and adjusting its opening degree, and also for opening and closing the maintenance gate. The working gate slides in the working gate slot, and the maintenance gate slides in the maintenance gate slot. The vent holes arranged in the high-level underground cavern are sequentially connected to the upstream vent pipe, the working gate slot, the gate chamber, the maintenance gate slot, and the downstream vent pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the main water conveyance tunnel is equipped with a booster pump system, which includes an inlet connecting pipe, a booster pump station, and an outlet connecting pipe connected in sequence. The inlet connecting pipe and the outlet connecting pipe are respectively connected to the main water conveyance tunnel.

[0010] Furthermore, the booster pump system is located downstream of the connection point between the main water conveyance tunnel and the booster tunnel.

[0011] Furthermore, a water diversion weir is provided in the downstream river channel, and the water diversion weir is located downstream of the water intake of the dam.

[0012] Furthermore, the main water conveyance tunnel is equipped with control and maintenance gates in sections.

[0013] Furthermore, the elevated underground cavern can be two-story, or have several branches on the plane, or be in the form of several interconnected caverns.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention discloses an expanded water diversion system using a high-level underground cavern for water intake and storage downstream of a dam. It fully utilizes the riverbank land downstream of the dam to construct a pumping station, and utilizes favorable geological conditions at higher elevations on the bank slope to build a high-level underground cavern for storing water from the pumping station. An additional diversion gate is used to control the increased diversion flow. This effectively solves the problem of expanding and increasing water diversion capacity in existing long-distance water conveyance projects when the reservoir's water capacity is insufficient. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the difficulty of handling policy issues related to water resource expansion assessments, resettlement, and land acquisition. Compared to open-air construction, this invention, by constructing an underground diversion gate, can significantly reduce the height of the gate shaft, shorten the tunnel construction period, and reduce project investment.

[0015] Specifically, a vent pipe is installed near the top of the elevated underground cavern, connecting to the slot of the diversion gate. This pipe then connects to the external atmosphere through the gate chamber and access tunnel, achieving a balance of water and air pressure within the cavern. This avoids the need to construct a vent directly connecting the cavern to the ground, reducing construction difficulty, maintaining the integrity of the surrounding rock at the top of the cavern, and ensuring its safety. The maintenance gate of the diversion gate can also function as a reverse water-blocking gate, achieving two uses in one: when the working gate of the diversion gate malfunctions, the maintenance gate can be closed, and the working gate can be lifted to the maintenance platform for repair; when the downstream target water plant has a small water demand and does not require increased water diversion, the maintenance gate can be closed to reverse the flow and prevent water in the main water conveyance tunnel from flowing back into the elevated underground cavern. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section arrangement of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A.

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the BB cross-section.

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the CC cross-section.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0022] Attached reference numerals: 1-High-level underground cavern water diversion system; 2-Original water conveyance system; 3-Reservoir key facilities; 4-Increased diversion and booster pump system; 11-Water intake downstream of the dam; 12-Intake pipe; 13-Pumping station; 14-Pressurized water conveyance pipeline; 15-High-level underground cavern; 16-Increased diversion gate; 17-Increased diversion tunnel; 21-Reservoir intake; 22-Main water conveyance tunnel; 23-Control and maintenance gate; 31-Reservoir; 32-Dam; 33-Power station; 34-Water diversion weir; 35-Downstream river channel; 36-Surface line; 41-Inlet connecting pipe; 42-Increase and booster pump station; 43-Outlet connecting pipe; 161-Working gate; 162-Maintenance gate; 163-Upstream vent pipe; 164-Ventilation hole; 165-Working gate slot; 166-Maintenance gate slot; 167-Downstream vent pipe; 168-Gate hoist. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0024] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, an expansion water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage under a dam includes the original water conveyance system 2, consisting of a reservoir intake 21 and a main water conveyance tunnel 22, and a reservoir hub facility 3, consisting of a reservoir 31, a dam 32, a power station 33, and a downstream river channel 35; it also includes a high-level underground cavern water diversion system 1, which includes a dam intake 11, an intake pipe 12, a pumping station 13, a pressure water conveyance pipeline 14, a high-level underground cavern 15, and an additional diversion tunnel 17 connected in sequence. The dam intake 11 is located in the downstream river channel of the tailrace of the power station 33. 35. Water is drawn from the downstream river channel 35. The water inlet pipe 12 transports the water flow from the water intake 11 below the dam to the pumping station 13. The pumping station 13 is located on the beach of the downstream river channel 35 and pressurizes the water flow so that it can be transported to the high-level underground cavern 15 through the pressure water transmission pipeline 14. The high-level underground cavern 15 is located in the mountain with good geological conditions on the high bank slope and has a spacious underground space. The diversion tunnel 17 is equipped with a diversion gate 16 to control the water supply flow from the diversion tunnel 17 to the main water transmission tunnel 22, and at the same time prevent the water in the diversion tunnel 17 from flowing back.

[0025] Preferably, the elevated underground cavern 15 can be two-story, or it can have multiple branches on the plane, or multiple caverns connected together.

[0026] In the original water conveyance system 2, the reservoir intake 21 draws water from the reservoir 31. The main water conveyance tunnel 22 connects the reservoir intake 21 and the supplementary diversion tunnel 17, and then transports the raw water to the downstream target city water plant. The main water conveyance tunnel 22 is equipped with control and maintenance gates 23 in sections for water flow switching control and section maintenance. The main water conveyance tunnel 22 is also equipped with a supplementary diversion and booster pump system 4, which includes an inlet connecting pipe 41, a supplementary diversion and booster pump station 42, and an outlet connecting pipe 43 connected in sequence. The inlet connecting pipe 41 and the outlet connecting pipe 43 are respectively connected to the main water conveyance tunnel 22, thereby pressurizing the water coming from the reservoir intake 21.

[0027] In the reservoir hub facility, reservoir 31 serves as the water source for the water diversion system. An intake 21 and a dam 32 are constructed on its banks. The dam 32 intercepts the water flow to form reservoir 31. Power station 33 is built downstream of the dam 32 for power generation. The tailwater from power station 33 flows into the intake 11 downstream of the dam via a downstream channel 35. A diversion weir 34 is provided in the downstream channel 35, located downstream of the intake 11, to appropriately raise the downstream water level, facilitating the flow of tailwater from power station 33 into the intake 11.

[0028] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, the diversion gate 16 includes an upstream vent pipe 163, a working gate 161, a gate chamber, a maintenance gate 162, a downstream vent pipe 167, and a hoist 168 located at the top, arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. The hoist 168 is used for opening and closing the working gate 161 and adjusting its opening degree, and for opening and closing the maintenance gate 162. The working gate 161 slides within the working gate slot 165, and the maintenance gate 162 slides within the maintenance gate slot 166. The opening degree of the working gate 161 is adjustable to control the diversion flow of the diversion tunnel 17, and its operation mode is dynamic water opening and closing. The maintenance gate 162 is in a fully open or fully closed state, used for maintenance of the working gate 161 or to prevent water from the diversion tunnel 17 from flowing back into the high-level underground cavern 15, and its operation mode is dynamic water closing and static water opening. The upstream vent pipe 163 is located upstream of the working gate 161 and is used to replenish air when the working gate 161 is raised or its opening is increased. It is used to prevent water hammer when the working gate 161 is closed or partially closed. The downstream vent pipe 167 is located downstream of the maintenance gate 162 and is used to replenish air when the maintenance gate 162 is closed. The elevated underground cavern 15 has a vent 164 near its top. The height of the vent 164 is higher than the highest operating water level of the elevated underground cavern 15. The vent 164 is connected in sequence to the upstream vent pipe 163, the working gate slot 165, the gate chamber, the maintenance gate slot 166, and the downstream vent pipe 167.

[0029] The diversion gate 16 has three operating states: diversion operation, maintenance operation, and reverse water blocking operation. In the diversion operation state, the maintenance gate 162 is fully open, and the working gate 161 is in flow regulation mode. The diversion flow is controlled by adjusting the opening of the working gate 161 using the hoist 168. In the maintenance operation state, the working gate 161 is raised to the maintenance platform for repair, and the maintenance gate 162 is fully closed. In the reverse water blocking operation state, the main water conveyance tunnel 22 does not require water replenishment through the diversion tunnel, and the water level in the high-level underground reservoir 15 is low. Therefore, both the working gate 161 and the maintenance gate 162 are fully closed. Example 2

[0030] Based on Example 1, when the water levels and fluctuation ranges of the elevated underground cavern 15 and the reservoir 31 are similar, such as Figure 6 As shown, the booster pump system 4 is located downstream of the connection point between the main water conveyance tunnel 22 and the booster tunnel 17, and is used to pressurize the water flow of the entire water conveyance system.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water diversion expansion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, characterized in that: The system includes the original water conveyance system consisting of the reservoir intake and the main water conveyance tunnel; the reservoir hub facilities consisting of the reservoir, the dam, the power station, and the downstream river channel; and the high-level underground cavern water diversion system. The high-level underground cavern water diversion system includes, in sequence, the dam intake, the intake pipe, the pumping station, the pressurized water conveyance pipeline, the high-level underground cavern, and the additional diversion tunnel. The dam intake is located in the downstream river channel of the power station tailrace. The pumping station is located on the beach of the downstream river channel. The high-level underground cavern is located in the mountain with good geological conditions on the high bank slope. The additional diversion tunnel is equipped with an additional diversion gate.

2. The expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The expansion gate includes an upstream vent pipe, a working gate, a gate chamber, a maintenance gate, a downstream vent pipe, and a hoist located at the top, arranged sequentially along the water flow direction. The hoist is used to open and close the working gate and adjust its opening degree, and also to open and close the maintenance gate. The working gate slides within the working gate slot, and the maintenance gate slides within the maintenance gate slot. The upstream vent pipe is located upstream of the working gate and connects to the vent of the high-level underground cavern, leading to the maintenance gate slot and the gate chamber. The downstream vent pipe is located downstream of the maintenance gate and is used to replenish air when the maintenance gate is closed.

3. The expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, as described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: The main water conveyance tunnel is equipped with a booster pump system, which includes an inlet connecting pipe, a booster pump station and an outlet connecting pipe connected in sequence. The inlet connecting pipe and the outlet connecting pipe are respectively connected to the main water conveyance tunnel.

4. The expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that: The booster pump system is located downstream of the connection point between the main water conveyance tunnel and the booster tunnel.

5. The expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The downstream river channel is equipped with a water diversion weir, which is located downstream of the water intake of the dam.

6. The expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The main water conveyance tunnel is equipped with control and maintenance gates in each section.

7. The expanded water diversion system for high-level underground cavern reservoir regulation and storage downstream of a dam, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The elevated underground cavern can be two-story, or have several branches on the plane, or be a series of interconnected caverns.

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