Roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, and provides a roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring device and method.The device comprises an anchor cable rod body, a pressure bearing part, an anchoring part, an elastic restraining part and a displacement measuring part; the anchor cable rod body penetrates through the anchoring hole, and the anchoring part and the pressure-bearing part are arranged on the anchor cable rod body; the elastic restraining piece is arranged on the outer side of the anchor cable rod body, a protruding block is arranged on the outer wall of the elastic restraining piece, and the elastic restraining piece is wound around the outer side of the anchor cable rod body in the first state and releases the restraining force in the second state; the displacement measuring component is connected to the elastic restraining piece through the flexible connecting piece; the elastic restraining piece and the anchor cable rod body are integrally arranged in the anchoring hole, a monitoring hole does not need to be additionally drilled, the construction difficulty and the engineering cost are reduced, and the installation efficiency is improved; the elastic restraining piece expands by means of the elastic restoring force of the elastic restraining piece after restraining is relieved so that the protruding block can be embedded into the inner wall of the anchoring hole, the displacement of the elastic restraining piece in the axial direction of the anchor cable rod body is measured through the displacement measuring component, and the deformation condition in surrounding rock is effectively reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a device and method for monitoring the deformation of surrounding rock in roadways. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mining, roadways serve as crucial passageways for coal transportation, personnel access, and ventilation. The stability of the surrounding rock is critical to the safety and efficiency of mining operations. As mining depth increases, the stress on roadways significantly rises, making the surrounding rock prone to deformation and damage such as creep, fissure propagation, and even collapse. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of the deformation within the roadway's surrounding rock is a core requirement for ensuring long-term roadway stability and safe mine production. While traditional surface deformation monitoring technologies (such as total stations and convergence meters) are widely used and easy to operate, they only acquire displacement information from the roadway surface and cannot reflect deformation characteristics at different depths within the rock mass. Furthermore, latent deformation within the surrounding rock is often a key precursor to overall structural instability; therefore, relying solely on surface monitoring is insufficient for a comprehensive and accurate assessment of surrounding rock stability.

[0003] To obtain information on the internal deformation of rock masses, existing technologies employ internal rock monitoring techniques. This involves drilling specialized monitoring holes in the surrounding rock and installing displacement gauge probes within these holes to measure the displacement evolution of the rock mass. However, these internal monitoring techniques require additional drilling of monitoring holes and installation of sensors within them, increasing engineering costs and construction time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device and method to solve the defects of existing technologies that require additional drilling to install sensors, resulting in complex construction and high costs.

[0005] This invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, comprising: An anchor cable support mechanism includes an anchor cable rod body, a pressure-bearing component, and an anchoring component. The anchor cable rod body is used to penetrate anchor holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway. The anchoring component is located at the end of the anchor cable rod body away from the roadway and is used to fix it to the deep rock strata. The pressure-bearing component is located at the end of the anchor cable rod body close to the roadway and is used to abut against the surface of the rock strata. An elastic constraint member is disposed on the outside of the anchor rod body. Multiple protrusions are spaced apart on the outer wall of the elastic constraint member. The elastic constraint member is adapted to switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the elastic constraint member is wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod body under the action of a constraint force. In the second state, the constraint force is released, and the elastic constraint member expands under its own elastic restoring force, so that the protrusions are embedded in the inner wall of the anchor hole, and a predetermined distance is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint member and the outer wall of the anchor rod body. A displacement measuring component is disposed on the side of the bearing member away from the anchor rod body. The displacement measuring component is connected to the elastic constraint member through a flexible connector. The bearing member is provided with a through hole for the flexible connector to pass through. The displacement measuring component is used to measure the displacement of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor rod body when the elastic constraint member is in the second state.

[0006] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the elastic constraint member includes a deformable elastic plate, a first connecting part is provided at a first end along the length direction of the elastic plate, and a second connecting part is provided at a second end along the length direction of the elastic plate. In the first state, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are locked by a locking member to apply a restraining force to the elastic constraint member; In the second state, the locking member releases the lock between the first connecting part and the second connecting part to release the constraint force.

[0007] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the first connecting part is provided with a first locking hole, the second connecting part is provided with a second locking hole, and the locking element is a locking pin; In the first state, the locking pin passes through the first locking hole and the second locking hole; In the second state, the locking pin disengages from at least one of the first locking hole and the second locking hole.

[0008] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the first connecting part is located at one end of the elastic plate along the width direction and is disposed close to the displacement measuring component, and the second connecting part is located at the other end of the elastic plate along the width direction and is disposed away from the displacement measuring component; In the second state, the locking pin disengages from the second locking hole and connects to the first locking hole, and the flexible connector is connected to the end of the locking pin near the displacement measuring component.

[0009] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device includes a first connecting part comprising two first protrusions arranged at intervals along the width direction of the elastic plate, each first protrusion being provided with a first locking hole, a locking pin passing through the two first locking holes, and the locking pin being provided with a limiting part located between the two first locking holes; In the first state, the limiting part abuts against the first locking hole away from the displacement measuring component, and the locking pin passes through the second locking hole; In the second state, the limiting part abuts against the first locking hole near the displacement measuring component, and the locking pin disengages from the second locking hole.

[0010] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the second connecting part is disposed on the inner wall of the elastic plate, and the second connecting part is at a predetermined distance from the second end of the elastic plate.

[0011] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the second connecting part is a boss, the outer surface of the boss has a first arc positioning surface, and the first end of the elastic plate is provided with a second arc positioning surface adapted to the first arc positioning surface.

[0012] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the elastic constraint members are a plurality of members arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod.

[0013] According to the present invention, a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device is provided, wherein the outer wall of the elastic constraint member is provided with a plurality of protrusion groups arranged at intervals along the length direction, and each protrusion group includes a plurality of protrusions arranged at intervals along the width.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the deformation of surrounding rock in roadways, based on the roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring device described in any one of the above claims, the method comprising: An elastic constraint member is set at a preset installation position on the anchor rod body, and the elastic constraint member is wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod body under the action of constraint force; An anchor rod with elastic restraints is inserted into the anchor hole and the anchor is fixed to the deep rock strata. When the constraint force is released, the elastic constraint expands under its own elastic restoring force, the protrusion on the outer wall of the elastic constraint embeds into the inner wall of the anchor hole, and a preset distance is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint and the outer wall of the anchor rod. The displacement measuring component is used to measure the displacement of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod.

[0015] The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device provided by this invention integrates the elastic constraint member and the anchor cable rod body into the same anchoring hole, making full use of the existing anchoring holes of the tunnel support anchor cable rod body. This eliminates the need for additional monitoring holes, significantly reducing construction difficulty and engineering costs, and improving installation efficiency. After the constraint is released, the elastic constraint member expands by its own elastic restoring force, causing the protrusion on the outer wall to embed into the inner rock layer of the anchoring hole, achieving stable anchoring. The displacement measuring component connected to the elastic constraint member and located outside the bearing member measures the displacement of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod body in real time, effectively reflecting the deformation of the surrounding rock. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic constraint member provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the displacement measuring component provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 110. Anchor cable rod body; 120. Bearing component; 130. Anchoring element; 200, Elastic constraint; 210, Elastic plate; 201, Protrusion; 211, First connecting part; 212, Second connecting part; 220, Locking element; 300. Displacement measuring component; 310. Measuring tube; 320. Return spring; 330. Thread; 340. Baffle plate; 400. Flexible connectors. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0025] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0026] The following is combined Figures 1-3 The present invention describes a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device.

[0027] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the monitoring device includes an anchor cable support mechanism, an elastic constraint 200, and a displacement measuring component 300.

[0028] The anchor cable support mechanism includes an anchor cable rod 110, a pressure-bearing component 120, and an anchor 130. The anchor cable rod 110 is used to drill anchor holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway. The anchor 130 is located at the end of the anchor cable rod 110 away from the roadway and is used to fix it to the deep rock strata. The pressure-bearing component 120 is located at the end of the anchor cable rod 110 close to the roadway and is used to abut against the surface of the rock strata.

[0029] An elastic constraint member 200 is disposed on the outside of the anchor rod body 110. The outer wall of the elastic constraint member 200 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 201 at intervals. The elastic constraint member 200 is adapted to switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the elastic constraint member 200 is wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod body 110 under the action of constraint force. In the second state, the constraint force is released, and the elastic constraint member 200 expands under the action of its own elastic restoring force so that the protrusions 201 are embedded in the inner wall of the anchor hole, and a preset distance is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint member 200 and the outer wall of the anchor rod body 110. The displacement measuring component 300 is disposed on the side of the bearing member 120 away from the anchor rod body 110. The displacement measuring component 300 is connected to the elastic constraint member 200 through the flexible connector 400. The bearing member 120 is provided with a through hole for the flexible connector 400 to pass through. The displacement measuring component 300 is used to measure the axial displacement of the anchor rod body 110 when the elastic constraint member 200 is in the second state.

[0030] Understandably, the anchor rod 110 is inserted into an existing anchoring hole in the surrounding rock of the roadway. One end is anchored to a deep, stable rock layer via an anchor 130, while the other end is tightly attached to the surface rock layer of the roadway via a bearing member 120, thus achieving effective support for the surrounding rock. An elastic constraint member 200 is provided on the outside of the anchor rod 110, with multiple protrusions 201 on its outer wall. In the initial stage of installation, it is in the first state, where the elastic constraint member 200 is tightly attached to and wrapped around the anchor rod 110 under the action of constraint force, making it easy to insert the whole into the anchoring hole. After the device is in place and the constraint is released, the elastic constraint member 200 enters the second state, expanding radially outwards by its own elastic restoring force, so that the multiple protrusions 201 on its outer wall are firmly embedded in the rock layer of the inner wall of the anchoring hole, achieving fixed-point anchoring. At the same time, a certain preset gap is maintained between the inner wall of the elastic constraint member 200 and the outer wall of the anchor rod 110, ensuring that its displacement can independently reflect the deformation of the surrounding rock without being affected by the elongation of the anchor rod 110 under force. A displacement measuring component 300 is installed on the outer side of the pressure-bearing component 120 (i.e., the side facing the tunnel space), and is connected to the elastic constraint component 200 via a flexible connector 400 passing through a through hole in the pressure-bearing component 120. When the surrounding rock deforms, the elastic constraint component 200, which is embedded in the hole wall, undergoes axial displacement. This displacement is transmitted to the displacement measuring component 300 through the flexible connector 400, thereby enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of the deformation at a specific depth inside the surrounding rock. This effectively compensates for the inability of traditional surface monitoring to obtain internal deformation information, and eliminates the need for additional monitoring holes, significantly improving construction efficiency and monitoring economy.

[0031] The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device provided in this embodiment of the invention integrates the elastic constraint member 200 and the anchor cable rod 110 in the same anchoring hole, making full use of the existing anchoring holes of the tunnel support anchor cable rod 110, eliminating the need for additional monitoring holes, significantly reducing construction difficulty and engineering costs, and improving installation efficiency. After the constraint is released, the elastic constraint member 200 expands by its own elastic restoring force, causing the protrusion 201 on the outer wall to embed into the inner rock layer of the anchoring hole, achieving stable anchoring. The displacement measuring component 300, connected to the elastic constraint member 200 and located outside the bearing component 120, measures the displacement of the elastic constraint member 200 along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod 110 in real time, effectively reflecting the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the elastic constraint member 200 includes a deformable elastic plate 210. A first connecting portion 211 is provided at a first end along the length direction of the elastic plate 210, and a second connecting portion 212 is provided at a second end along the length direction of the elastic plate 210. In a first state, the first connecting portion 211 and the second connecting portion 212 are locked by a locking member 220 to apply a constraint force to the elastic constraint member 200. In a second state, the locking member 220 releases the lock between the first connecting portion 211 and the second connecting portion 212 to release the constraint force.

[0033] It should be noted that the elastic plate 210 is a tough steel ring with a certain degree of toughness. Before installation, it is flat. During installation, it is wound around the anchor rod 110 and can be pushed into the anchor hole together with the anchor rod 110.

[0034] Understandably, the elastic constraint member 200 adopts a deformable elastic plate structure. One end of the elastic plate 210 along its length is provided with a first connecting portion 211, and the other end with a second connecting portion 212. In the first state of the device installation stage, the first connecting portion 211 and the second connecting portion 212 are connected and fixed by a locking member 220. This locking member 220 applies a circumferential constraint force to the elastic plate 210, keeping it in a taut state and tightly wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod body 110, thereby reducing the overall outer diameter and facilitating... The device is smoothly inserted into the anchoring hole of the surrounding rock of the roadway along with the anchor rod 110. When the device reaches the predetermined position, it enters the second state. At this time, the locking effect of the locking member 220 on the first connecting part 211 and the second connecting part 212 is released, and the constraint force disappears. Under the action of its own elastic restoring force, the elastic plate 210 naturally expands and expands radially outward along the anchoring hole, causing the protrusion 201 set on its outer wall to embed into the rock layer of the inner wall of the anchoring hole, so as to achieve firm anchoring with the surrounding rock and provide a stable measuring point basis for subsequent monitoring.

[0035] It should be noted that in the first state, the elastic constraint member 200 is in a constrained state, with a preset gap between its outer wall and the inner wall of the anchoring hole. This preset gap ensures that it can be smoothly advanced along the axial direction of the anchoring hole during installation, avoiding problems such as jamming or difficulty in reaching the correct position due to premature contact between the elastic constraint member 200 and the inner wall of the anchoring hole or excessive frictional resistance. Furthermore, this preset gap provides the necessary deformation space for the elastic constraint member 200 to expand after entering the second state, allowing it to fully expand outward after the constraint is released. This ensures that the protrusion 201 on the outer wall of the elastic constraint member 200 can effectively embed into the rock strata of the inner wall of the anchoring hole, achieving stable and reliable anchoring.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first connecting portion 211 is provided with a first locking hole, the second connecting portion 212 is provided with a second locking hole, and the locking member 220 is a locking pin; in a first state, the locking pin passes through the first locking hole and the second locking hole; in a second state, the locking pin disengages from at least one of the first locking hole and the second locking hole.

[0037] Understandably, the first connecting portion 211 of the elastic constraint member 200 is provided with a first locking hole, and the second connecting portion 212 is provided with a corresponding second locking hole. The locking member 220 adopts a locking pin structure. In the first state, the locking pin passes through both the first and second locking holes simultaneously, tightening and fixing both ends of the elastic plate 210, keeping it in a curled and folded state, tightly fitting against the outside of the anchor rod 110, thereby effectively applying a restraining force and ensuring that the elastic constraint member 200 will not prematurely unfold due to external force or vibration during the insertion into the anchor hole. When the anchor rod 110 drives the elastic constraint member 200 into the anchor hole and reaches the predetermined monitoring position, the elastic constraint member 200 is switched from the first state to the second state. By means of external force triggering or remote control, the locking pin is disengaged from at least one of the first locking hole and the second locking hole, releasing the connection constraint on both ends of the elastic plate 210. At this time, the constraint force disappears, and the elastic plate 210 automatically unfolds under the action of its own elastic restoring force, and pushes the protrusion 201 on the outer wall to embed into the inner wall of the anchor hole, so as to achieve reliable anchoring with the surrounding rock.

[0038] It should be noted that the first connecting portion 211 and the second connecting portion 212 at both ends of the elastic constraint member 200 are connected and locked by locking pins. This method of locking the first connecting portion 211 and the second connecting portion 212 at both ends of the elastic constraint member 200 is simple in structure, reliable in locking, and provides rapid unlocking response. It effectively maintains the retracted state of the elastic constraint member 200 during installation. Upon reaching the predetermined monitoring position, simply removing the locking pins allows for rapid unlocking, releasing the elastic restoring force of the elastic constraint member 200. This effectively ensures that the elastic constraint member 200 completes state switching at the correct time. Optionally, the first connecting part 211 is located at one end of the elastic plate 210 along the width direction and is disposed near the displacement measuring component 300, and the second connecting part 212 is located at the other end of the elastic plate 210 along the width direction and is disposed away from the displacement measuring component 300; in the first state, the locking pin is connected to the first locking hole and extends into the second locking hole; in the second state, the locking pin is disengaged from the second locking hole and connected to the first locking hole, and the flexible connector 400 is connected to the end of the locking pin near the displacement measuring component 300.

[0039] It is understandable that the first connecting part 211 is located on the side of the elastic plate 210 closer to the displacement measuring component 300 in the width direction, and the second connecting part 212 is located on the side away from the displacement measuring component 300, forming a reasonable spatial layout. When the elastic plate 210 is in the first state, one end of the locking pin is connected to the first locking hole on the first connecting part 211 and extends into the second locking hole of the second connecting part 212, thereby tightening and fixing both ends of the elastic plate 210, keeping it in a closed and wrapped shape around the outside of the anchor rod body 110; the end of the locking pin near the displacement measuring component 300 is used as the force transmission connection point and connected to the flexible connector 400. When the anchor rod body 110 drives the elastic constraint component 200 into the anchor hole and reaches the predetermined monitoring position, the flexible connector 400 is pulled along the axial direction of the anchor rod body 110 towards the side near the pressure component 120. The flexible connector 400 drives the locking pin to move, and the locking pin comes out of the second locking hole, releasing the constraint on the elastic plate 210. At this time, the locking pin is still connected to the first locking hole. At the moment the locking pin comes out, the elastic constraint component 200 switches from the first state to the second state under the action of its own elastic restoring force.

[0040] It should be noted that when the elastic plate 210 is in the second state, the flexible connector 400 is in a straightened state and is axially connected to the elastic plate 210 and the displacement measuring component 300 parallel to the anchor rod body 110. This allows the elastic constraint 200 to effectively transmit the displacement to the flexible connector 400 through the locking pin when axial displacement occurs, thereby driving the displacement measuring component 300 to perform real-time monitoring. This not only ensures the reliability of the unlocking process but also achieves the continuity and stability of the displacement transmission path, avoids the risk of the locking pin falling off after unlocking, and improves the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first connecting portion 211 includes two first protrusions spaced apart along the width direction of the elastic plate 210. Each first protrusion is provided with a first locking hole. A locking pin passes through the two first locking holes and is provided with a limiting portion located between the two first locking holes. In a first state, the limiting portion abuts against the first locking hole away from the displacement measuring component 300, and the locking pin passes through the second locking hole. In a second state, the limiting portion abuts against the first locking hole close to the displacement measuring component 300, and the locking pin disengages from the second locking hole.

[0042] The limiting part can be a spherical structure with an enlarged diameter, so that the locking pin cannot be dislodged from the first locking hole; the end of the locking pin near the displacement measuring component 300 is provided with a mounting hole to facilitate connection with the flexible connector 400.

[0043] It is understood that the first connecting part 211 includes two first protrusions spaced apart along the width direction of the elastic plate 210. Each first protrusion has a first locking hole. The locking pin slides through the two first locking holes and has a limiting part located between the two first locking holes to achieve connection and positioning. In the first state, the limiting part of the elastic constraint member 200 abuts against the first protrusion on the side away from the displacement measuring component 300. At this time, the locking pin is simultaneously inserted into the second locking hole on the second connecting part 212, locking both ends of the elastic plate 210 and keeping it in a closed state. After the anchor rod 110 drives the elastic constraint member 200 into the anchor hole and reaches the predetermined monitoring position, when the elastic constraint member 200 switches from the first state to the second state, the locking pin slides towards the displacement measuring component 300 until the limiting part abuts against the first protrusion on the side near the displacement measuring component 300. At the same time, the locking pin completely disengages from the second locking hole, releasing the constraint on the elastic plate 210.

[0044] It should be noted that the directional sliding and reliable limiting of the locking pin are achieved through the cooperation of the two first protrusions of the first connecting part 211 and the limiting part, which not only ensures the connection strength during the installation stage and the accuracy and controllability of the unlocking action, but also retains the locking pin as the connection base point of the flexible connector 400 to ensure the stability of the displacement signal transmission.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second connecting part 212 is disposed on the inner wall of the elastic plate 210, and the second connecting part 212 and the second end of the elastic plate 210 have a preset distance.

[0046] It is understood that the second connecting part 212 is located on the inner wall side of the elastic plate 210, and its position is at a certain preset distance from the end of the second end of the elastic plate 210. This allows the inner wall of the elastic plate 210 to fit tightly against the outer surface of the anchor rod 110 when the elastic plate 210 is in the first state and rolled into a ring shape. The structure is compact and facilitates smooth insertion into the anchor hole along with the anchor rod 110. At the same time, this preset distance provides a margin for the elastic plate 210 during unfolding, ensuring that after the elastic plate 210 enters the second state, it can fully expand radially under its own elastic restoring force, increasing the diameter of the formed ring structure to fully contact the inner wall of the anchor hole, thereby filling the entire cross-section of the anchor hole and effectively improving the stability and anchoring reliability of the protrusion 201 embedded in the rock layer. This structure not only ensures smooth lowering during installation but also optimizes the coupling performance of support and monitoring in the working state, enhancing the accuracy of monitoring surrounding rock deformation.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second connecting part 212 is a boss, the outer surface of the boss has a first arc positioning surface, and the first end of the elastic plate 210 is provided with a second arc positioning surface that is adapted to the first arc positioning surface.

[0048] Understandably, when the elastic constraint 200 is in the first state and the elastic plate 210 is rolled up, the boss of the second connecting part 212 is embedded in the mating area of ​​the first end, so that the first arc positioning surface and the second arc positioning surface fit tightly together, forming a smoothly transitioning circular mating structure. This arc surface mating design not only guides the two ends to automatically align during the locking process, improving the alignment accuracy of the first locking hole and the second locking hole, but also effectively disperses local stress when the locking pin is inserted, avoiding stress concentration that could lead to material deformation or damage.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the elastic constraint members 200 are multiple members arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod 110.

[0050] It is understood that multiple elastic constraint elements 200 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the anchor cable body 110, and each elastic constraint element 200 can independently respond to the deformation of the surrounding rock at its depth position. Specifically, by installing multiple elastic constraint elements 200 at different axial directions (different depths within the anchoring hole) of the anchor cable body 110, each elastic constraint element 200 is connected to the external displacement measuring component 300 through its own flexible connector 400. When the rock mass at a certain depth deforms, the corresponding elastic constraint element 200 moves accordingly, and its displacement signal is independently collected and identified. This enables multi-point, layered deformation monitoring within the surrounding rock, effectively obtaining the deformation gradient and displacement distribution law of the surrounding rock along the depth direction, thereby more comprehensively and realistically reflecting the overall stability state and failure evolution process of the surrounding rock.

[0051] Optionally, the outer wall of the elastic constraint member 200 is provided with multiple protrusion groups arranged at intervals along its length. Each protrusion group includes multiple protrusions 201 distributed along the width direction of the elastic plate 210. When the elastic constraint member 200 switches from the first state to the second state, it expands under the action of elastic restoring force. Each protrusion group is simultaneously embedded into the rock strata of the inner wall of the anchoring hole. The multi-group, multi-point distribution significantly increases the contact area and interlocking strength with the surrounding rock, effectively preventing the device from slipping or retracting during the deformation of the surrounding rock, and ensuring the reliability and stability of the anchoring.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, multiple bump groups are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the elastic constraint member 200, and multiple bumps 201 in each bump group are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction.

[0053] Furthermore, the protrusion 201 is designed in the shape of a barb, that is, the end facing the expansion direction of the elastic constraint 200 is a sharp or beveled guide structure, which facilitates its smooth embedding into the rock strata inside the anchor hole during the expansion process.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pressure-bearing component 120 includes a tray and a lock. The anchor cable rod 110 is installed through an anchoring hole in the surrounding rock of the roadway. One end of the anchor cable is fixed to a stable rock layer deep within the surrounding rock by an anchor 130, and the other end extends to the roadway surface and is securely connected to the tray. The tray is set close to the rock surface of the roadway and, under the tension of the anchor cable, fits tightly against the rock surface to form a stable fixed reference. It is locked by a lock arranged on the side of the tray closest to the roadway surface. It should be noted that the non-monitoring deformation of the anchor cable rod 110 itself is ignored in this invention to ensure that the anchor cable rod 110 does not interfere with the rock deformation monitoring data.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the displacement measuring component 300 includes a measuring tube 310, a return spring 320, a thread 330, and a baffle 340. The measuring tube 310 is a cylindrical hollow structure, installed on the side of the pressure-bearing component 120 away from the anchor rod body 110 via a fixed terminal, with its axial direction aligned with the anchor rod body 110. The baffle 340 is disposed inside the measuring tube 310, is circular in shape, and its outer edge slides and seals against the inner wall of the measuring tube 310, allowing it to move freely along the axial direction of the tube. Its position corresponds to the scale graduations on the measuring tube 310, so that the baffle 340... The displacement of 0 can be read directly through the scale; the return spring 320 is located in the inner cavity of the measuring tube 310, one end of which is fixed to the bottom surface of the inner cavity near the bearing member 120, and the other end is connected to the baffle 340 and applies a thrust; the baffle 340 is connected to the flexible connector 400 that passes through the through hole of the bearing member 120, and transmits the displacement of the elastic constraint member 200 to the baffle 340; the surface of the measuring tube 310 is marked with a length scale, the minimum scale being no more than 1 mm, which is used to visually read the movement distance of the baffle 340 and then convert it into the rock mass deformation.

[0056] In the natural state (i.e., without surrounding rock deformation), the return spring 320 is in a pre-compressed state, applying pressure to the baffle 340 in the direction of the anchor hole (i.e., inward), keeping the baffle 340 in its initial position within the measuring tube 310, ensuring a uniform measurement starting point. When the elastic constraint 200 enters the second state and is anchored to the surrounding rock, if the rock strata at the monitoring location deform inward into the roadway, it will cause the elastic constraint 200 to move outward along the axial direction of the anchor cable 110. The flexible connector 400 applies tension to the baffle 340, causing it to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 320 and move away from the anchor hole (i.e., outward). This design ensures that the displacement of the baffle 340 and the tension of the flexible connector 400 respond synchronously, enabling real-time and intuitive measurement of surrounding rock deformation. Simultaneously, the pre-tightening force of the return spring 320 prevents the flexible connector 400 from loosening, improving the reliability of the measurement.

[0057] Optionally, the flexible connector 400 uses a connecting steel wire. One end of the connecting steel wire is connected to a locking pin extending from the lower part of the elastic constraint member 200, and the other end extends axially along the anchor rod body 110, passes through the tray, enters the measuring tube 310, and is fixedly connected to the baffle 340. Specifically, the connecting steel wire is made of high-strength stainless steel wire with a diameter of 1-2 mm. It has the characteristics of high tensile strength and small elastic deformation, which can negligibly affect the displacement transmission due to its own tensile deformation, ensuring that the displacement of the elastic constraint member 200 can be completely transmitted to the baffle 340.

[0058] The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device of this invention mainly consists of simple components such as elastic constraint 200, measuring tube 310, and connecting steel wire. The structure is simple and the parts are easy to process and replace. At the same time, the deformation is displayed intuitively through the measuring tube 310, without relying on complex electronic sensing equipment or data acquisition systems. This avoids the influence of underground humidity, dust, electromagnetic interference and other environmental factors on electronic equipment, which not only reduces the probability of device failure, but also makes it easier for underground workers to quickly read data for daily maintenance.

[0059] In this embodiment, a fixing terminal is disposed between the tray and the lock, and is used to fix the measuring tube 310. Specifically, the fixing terminal has a first through hole in the middle, through which the anchor rod 110 can pass smoothly; the fixing terminal is provided with an ear tube located outside the first through hole, and the ear tube has a wire-passing hole, the axis of which is parallel to the first through hole, for guiding the connecting wire into the measuring tube 310. The tray is provided with a corresponding slit, one end of the connecting wire is connected to the locking pin located inside the anchoring hole, and the other end extends along the axis of the anchor rod 110, passing through the slit on the tray and the wire-passing hole on the fixing terminal in sequence, entering the measuring tube 310 and being fixedly connected to the baffle 340.

[0060] The connecting steel wire is fixedly connected to the baffle 340 inside the measuring tube 310. A thread 330 can be provided on the side of the baffle 340 away from the return spring 320. The connecting steel wire passes through the through hole on the baffle 340 and is threaded to the thread 330. By tightening, the thread 330 is pressed against the end face of the baffle 340 to form a firm mechanical anchor, ensuring that there is no relative slippage between the connecting steel wire and the baffle 340. This allows the tensile force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock to be accurately transmitted to the baffle 340, thereby driving it to move inside the measuring tube 310.

[0061] It should be noted that the inner diameter of the measuring tube 310 is compatible with the outer diameter of the ear tube, allowing the ear tube to be fitted inside the connecting tube during installation. This facilitates the quick positioning and fixation of the measuring tube 310 and ensures that the axis of the measuring tube 310 remains parallel to the anchor rod body 110, improving measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, the insertion method enhances the overall structural stability of the device, preventing the measuring tube 310 from shaking or shifting during use. This ensures the linearity of the movement of the baffle 340 and the uniformity of force on the flexible connector 400, further improving the accuracy and reliability of surrounding rock deformation monitoring.

[0062] Based on the tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device provided in any of the above embodiments, a second aspect of the present invention proposes a tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring method, which includes the following steps: Step 10: Place the elastic constraint member at the preset installation position of the anchor rod body. Under the action of the constraint force, the elastic constraint member is wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod body.

[0063] It is understandable that the elastic constraint is placed in the preset installation position of the anchor rod, and under the action of the constraint force, it is tightened and wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod, so that it is in the first state of being folded.

[0064] It should be noted that the axial length of the anchor cable body is adapted to the depth of the anchor hole to ensure accurate anchoring at the predetermined position. One or more elastic restraints are installed on the anchor cable body, their installation positions pre-set according to the required rock strata depth within the surrounding rock, so that each elastic restraint corresponds to a monitoring point at a different depth, thereby enabling multi-level monitoring of deformation of the surrounding rock along the hole depth direction. Based on the number and specific location of the monitoring points, corresponding elastic restraints are installed at the corresponding pre-set installation positions on the anchor cable body. Simultaneously, the number of displacement measuring components and flexible connectors corresponds one-to-one with the elastic restraints. Each elastic restraint is connected to a displacement measuring component via an independent flexible connector passing through a through hole in the bearing component.

[0065] Step 20: Insert the anchor rod with the elastic restraint around it into the anchor hole and fix the anchor to the deep rock strata.

[0066] Understandably, the anchor cable rod, equipped with elastic restraints, is inserted as a whole into the anchoring hole in the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the far end of the anchor cable rod is fixed to the deep rock layer by anchoring fasteners. At the same time, a pressure-bearing component is installed near the roadway end to complete the anchoring of the anchor cable support mechanism.

[0067] Step 30: Release the constraint force. The elastic constraint expands under its own elastic restoring force. The protrusion on the outer wall of the elastic constraint embeds into the inner wall of the anchor hole, and a preset distance is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint and the outer wall of the anchor rod.

[0068] Understandably, when the constraint force applied to the elastic constraint is released, the elastic constraint expands outward under its own elastic restoring force, and the protrusions on its outer wall are embedded in the rock strata of the inner wall of the anchor hole, thus achieving a firm anchoring with the surrounding rock. At the same time, a preset gap is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint and the outer wall of the anchor rod, ensuring that its displacement can independently reflect the deformation of the surrounding rock rather than the elongation of the anchor cable under force.

[0069] Step 40: The displacement measuring component is used to measure the displacement of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod.

[0070] Understandably, by using a displacement measuring component located on the outside of the bearing member, and through a flexible connector passing through the through hole of the bearing member, the displacement change of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor cable can be collected in real time, thereby accurately obtaining deformation information at a specific depth inside the surrounding rock.

[0071] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the process of monitoring the deformation of the surrounding rock in a tunnel includes the following steps: Step S1, Pre-installation.

[0072] According to the construction specifications for anchor cable support in coal mine roadways, anchor holes are drilled in the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the inner wall of the anchor holes is cleaned to remove rock debris and dust.

[0073] The elastic constraint is set at the preset installation position of the anchor rod and wound around the anchor rod. The locking pin is inserted into the first locking hole and the second locking hole at both ends of the elastic constraint, so that the elastic constraint is kept in a curled and folded state, so that it is tightened and wrapped around the outer periphery of the anchor rod under the action of the constraint force; at this time, the elastic constraint is in the first folded state.

[0074] Insert the measuring tube into the ear tube on the side of the fixed terminal and fix it to the tray. Fix one end of the connecting wire to the baffle, and pass the other end through the ear tube and the tray in sequence, and fix it to the locking pin on the elastic constraint to ensure that the connecting wire is in a taut state (no slack).

[0075] In this embodiment, there are two elastic restraints, located in the middle of the anchor rod and at one end of the anchor rod near the anchor, respectively, to measure the depth and middle of the surrounding rock.

[0076] Step S2: Install and fix.

[0077] The anchor cable rod is inserted into the anchor hole, so that the two elastic restraints are located at the deep preset position and the middle preset position in the anchor hole, respectively. At this time, the connecting steel wire is pulled down to release the tough steel ring, so that it expands outward and is embedded in the hole wall, thus completing the fixation with the rock stratum. Following conventional anchor cable support procedures, the resin anchoring agent is stirred and, after solidification, one end of the anchor cable is fixed to the stable rock strata deep within the surrounding rock. A tray is installed on the roadway surface, and terminals and locks are fixed. The anchor cable is then tensioned using a tensioning device to ensure the tray fits tightly against the roadway surface rock. The baffle plate is moved along the cavity of the measuring tube, compressing the return spring and moving the baffle plate to the zero mark position. A thread is installed on the side of the baffle plate away from the return spring, completing the installation of the device. It should be noted that after installation, the connecting steel wire extends axially along the anchor cable and remains taut (without slack).

[0078] Record the initial scale values ​​of the baffle on the measuring tube (denoted as L01 and L02, corresponding to the deep and middle elastic constraints respectively).

[0079] Step S3: Read deformation monitoring data.

[0080] During the operation of a coal mine roadway, if deformation occurs inside the surrounding rock (such as shrinking towards the center of the roadway), the deep and middle rock masses will respectively drive the corresponding elastic restraint components to move along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod towards the roadway surface; when the elastic restraint components move, they pull the connecting steel wire, and the connecting steel wire drives the baffle to move outward against the return spring.

[0081] Data reading: Periodically (e.g., daily or every three days) observe the measuring tube and read the real-time values ​​corresponding to the baffle (denoted as Lt1 and Lt2, corresponding to the deep and middle elastic constraints respectively).

[0082] Deformation calculation: During a certain monitoring period, the deformation of the deep part of the surrounding rock is ΔL1 = Lt1 - L01, and the deformation of the middle part of the surrounding rock is ΔL2 = Lt2 - L02. The deformation of the deep and middle parts of the surrounding rock in the roadway can be directly characterized by ΔL1 and ΔL2.

[0083] It should be noted that, based on the ΔL1 and ΔL2 data at different time periods, the deformation rate and trend of the deep and middle parts of the surrounding rock are analyzed. If the deformation amount or deformation rate exceeds the preset safety threshold (such as the daily deformation amount being greater than 5mm), the anchor cable support parameters are adjusted in a timely manner (such as increasing the anchor cable tension or adding auxiliary support) to prevent the roadway surrounding rock from becoming unstable.

[0084] The embodiments of the present invention directly rely on the existing anchor cable support structure in the coal mine roadway to build the monitoring device. There is no need for additional drilling, laying of independent monitoring systems or addition of complex auxiliary facilities. This effectively reduces the installation process and construction difficulty of the monitoring device, while avoiding the additional equipment procurement and maintenance costs required for independent monitoring systems. It significantly reduces the overall cost of monitoring the internal deformation of the surrounding rock in the coal mine roadway and is more suitable for the actual application needs of the complex underground working environment.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring deformation of surrounding rock in roadways, characterized in that, include: An anchor cable support mechanism includes an anchor cable rod body, a pressure-bearing component, and an anchoring component. The anchor cable rod body is used to penetrate anchor holes in the surrounding rock of the roadway. The anchoring component is located at the end of the anchor cable rod body away from the roadway and is used to fix it to the deep rock strata. The pressure-bearing component is located at the end of the anchor cable rod body close to the roadway and is used to abut against the surface of the rock strata. An elastic constraint member is disposed on the outside of the anchor rod body. Multiple protrusions are spaced apart on the outer wall of the elastic constraint member. The elastic constraint member is adapted to switch between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the elastic constraint member is wrapped around the outside of the anchor rod body under the action of a constraint force. In the second state, the constraint force is released, and the elastic constraint member expands under its own elastic restoring force, so that the protrusions are embedded in the inner wall of the anchor hole, and a predetermined distance is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint member and the outer wall of the anchor rod body. A displacement measuring component is disposed on the side of the bearing member away from the anchor rod body. The displacement measuring component is connected to the elastic constraint member through a flexible connector. The bearing member is provided with a through hole for the flexible connector to pass through. The displacement measuring component is used to measure the displacement of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor rod body when the elastic constraint member is in the second state.

2. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic constraint member includes a deformable elastic plate, a first connecting portion is provided at a first end along the length direction of the elastic plate, and a second connecting portion is provided at a second end along the length direction of the elastic plate. In the first state, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are locked by a locking member to apply a restraining force to the elastic constraint member; In the second state, the locking member releases the lock between the first connecting part and the second connecting part to release the constraint force.

3. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first connecting part is provided with a first locking hole, the second connecting part is provided with a second locking hole, and the locking element is a locking pin; In the first state, the locking pin passes through the first locking hole and the second locking hole; In the second state, the locking pin disengages from at least one of the first locking hole and the second locking hole.

4. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first connecting portion is located at one end of the elastic plate along the width direction and is disposed close to the displacement measuring component, and the second connecting portion is located at the other end of the elastic plate along the width direction and is disposed away from the displacement measuring component; In the second state, the locking pin disengages from the second locking hole and connects to the first locking hole, and the flexible connector is connected to the end of the locking pin near the displacement measuring component.

5. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first connecting portion includes two first protrusions spaced apart along the width direction of the elastic plate. Each first protrusion is provided with a first locking hole. The locking pin passes through the two first locking holes and is provided with a limiting portion located between the two first locking holes. In the first state, the limiting part abuts against the first locking hole away from the displacement measuring component, and the locking pin passes through the second locking hole; In the second state, the limiting part abuts against the first locking hole near the displacement measuring component, and the locking pin disengages from the second locking hole.

6. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The second connecting part is disposed on the inner wall of the elastic plate, and the second connecting part is at a predetermined distance from the second end of the elastic plate.

7. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second connecting part is a boss, the outer surface of which has a first arc positioning surface, and the first end of the elastic plate is provided with a second arc positioning surface that is adapted to the first arc positioning surface.

8. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The elastic constraint members are multiple members arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod.

9. The tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the elastic constraint member is provided with a plurality of protrusion groups arranged at intervals along the length direction, and each protrusion group includes a plurality of protrusions arranged at intervals along the width.

10. A method for monitoring deformation of surrounding rock in roadways, characterized in that, Based on the tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method includes: An elastic constraint member is set at a preset installation position on the anchor cable rod body, and the elastic constraint member is wrapped around the outside of the anchor cable rod body under the action of constraint force; An anchor rod with elastic restraints is inserted into the anchor hole and the anchor is fixed to the deep rock strata. When the constraint force is released, the elastic constraint expands under its own elastic restoring force, the protrusion on the outer wall of the elastic constraint embeds into the inner wall of the anchor hole, and a preset distance is formed between the inner wall of the elastic constraint and the outer wall of the anchor rod. The displacement measuring component is used to measure the displacement of the elastic constraint member along the axial direction of the anchor cable rod.

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