A Vanadium Redox Flow Battery System for Underground Space Deployment and Its Environmental Control Method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of integrated layout and environmental safety control technology for electrochemical energy storage systems, proposing an all-vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment and its environmental control method. The system includes modular cabin units, comprising a fuel cell stack cabin, an electrical cabin, and a liquid storage chamber. The fuel cell stack cabin connects the main exhaust channel (exhaust fan, anti-backflow components) to the controlled gas supply channel (filter assembly, electrically adjustable gas supply valve, pressure stabilizer), and is equipped with a pressure relief channel and a pressure release valve. A differential pressure measurement unit and a constant current sampling unit are configured to output the static pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cabin, gas concentration, and sampling validity. The main controller identifies disturbance conditions based on sampling validity and differential pressure change rate, and switches between pressure stabilization closed-loop and graded linkage control. Through gas path decoupling, reliable sampling, and coordinated anti-disturbance control, the system can reduce pressure difference and concentration distortion caused by ventilation / supply air disturbances in underground parking garages, reduce false triggering, missed triggering, and frequent oscillations, and improve system operational safety and control stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental stability control and safety monitoring technology for underground space energy storage systems, specifically relating to an all-vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment and its environmental control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the scarcity of urban surface space, the deployment of energy storage systems in underground spaces has become a trend, offering advantages such as resource conservation and proximity to load centers. However, scenarios such as underground parking lots present significant engineering constraints: height restrictions and access limitations necessitate modular nighttime transportation of equipment, and the system must coexist with existing variable frequency / zonal ventilation, jet fans, and other systems. Meanwhile, dust, exhaust fumes, and localized strong airflows can interfere with the static pressure of the chamber and the stability of sampling.

[0003] The safety monitoring of existing vanadium redox flow battery systems mainly relies on sensors for gas concentration, temperature, and pressure difference inside the chamber. By setting preset thresholds, it can achieve graded linkage such as power reduction, adjustment of exhaust gear, and activation of emergency exhaust.

[0004] However, the fan speed regulation, zone start-up and shutdown, air supply adjustment or jet fan operation of the ventilation system in the underground garage can easily cause rapid changes in local / overall static pressure and sudden changes in airflow. The existing graded linkage control based on concentration, temperature and pressure difference thresholds is easily affected by external pressure difference pulses and changes in airflow organization, resulting in the chamber pressure difference being reversed by the garage operating conditions, unstable sampling flow, or even backflow, thus causing concentration reading distortion and frequent oscillations in the graded linkage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] Firstly, a vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment is proposed, comprising a modular cabin unit, an airflow organization and control component, an environmental monitoring component, and a main controller.

[0007] The modular compartment unit includes: a fuel cell compartment, an electrical compartment, and a liquid storage chamber; the fuel cell compartment and the electrical compartment, as well as the fuel cell compartment 11 and the liquid storage chamber, are isolated by a sealed isolation structure; the fuel cell compartment forms a controllable pressure boundary through a sealing bulkhead and a through-compartment sealing assembly.

[0008] The airflow organization and control components include: a main exhaust channel and a controlled air supply channel; both the main exhaust channel and the controlled air supply channel are connected to the fuel cell stack compartment; the main exhaust channel is equipped with: an exhaust fan and an anti-backflow element; the controlled air supply channel is equipped with: a filter assembly and an electrically adjustable air supply valve;

[0009] The environmental monitoring components include: a differential pressure measurement unit and a constant current sampling unit; the differential pressure measurement unit is used to collect the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack and the external underground space; the constant current sampling unit is used to collect the gas concentration in the fuel cell stack and output gas concentration data and the sampling validity results of the gas concentration.

[0010] The main controller is communicatively connected to both the airflow organization and control component and the environmental monitoring component; the main controller includes:

[0011] The operating condition identification module is used to calculate the static pressure difference change rate in each control cycle. When the sampling validity result is invalid and the pressure difference change rate exceeds the preset change rate limit, the current condition is determined to be a disturbance condition; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition.

[0012] The selection control module is used to adjust the frequency of the exhaust fan and the opening of the electric regulating air supply valve using a PID algorithm when the condition is determined to be a disturbance. It also prohibits the use of gas concentration data collected during the disturbance period to trigger exhaust gear upgrades. When the condition is determined to be a non-disturbance condition and the sampling validity result is valid, it performs graded exhaust and power limiting control based on the comparison result of gas concentration data and graded safety thresholds. The graded exhaust and power limiting control includes a hysteresis interval to suppress frequent switching.

[0013] Secondly, an environmental control method for an all-vanadium redox flow battery system designed for underground space deployment, as described in the first aspect, is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Periodically collect static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack and the outside, gas concentration inside the stack, and sampling flow rate data, and output sampling validity results based on whether the target sampling flow rate exceeds the allowable deviation range within the preset time window.

[0015] S2. Calculate the rate of change of static pressure difference within a set period; when the sampling validity result is invalid sampling and the rate of change of pressure difference exceeds the preset upper limit of the rate of change, the current condition is determined to be a disturbance condition; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition.

[0016] S3. When the current condition is determined to be a disturbance, the PID pressure stabilization algorithm is activated to adjust the exhaust fan frequency and the opening of the air supply valve to maintain the static pressure difference within the preset target range. At the same time, the gas concentration collected during the disturbance condition is prohibited from triggering the exhaust gear upgrade.

[0017] S4. When the condition is determined to be non-disturbance and the sampling is valid, the filtered gas concentration data is compared with the preset graded safety threshold, and a graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics is executed based on the comparison result.

[0018] Thirdly, an environmental control system is proposed, including:

[0019] The data acquisition module is used to periodically collect data on the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack and the outside environment, the gas concentration inside the stack, and the sampling flow rate.

[0020] The validity determination module is used to output the sampling validity result based on whether the sampling flow rate exceeds the allowable deviation range of the target sampling flow rate within a preset time window;

[0021] The differential pressure change rate acquisition module is used to calculate the differential pressure change rate of static differential pressure within a set period;

[0022] The operating condition determination module is used to determine that the current condition is a disturbance condition when the sampling validity result is invalid sampling and the differential pressure change rate exceeds the preset change rate limit; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition.

[0023] The first analysis and control module is used to start the PID voltage regulation algorithm to adjust the exhaust fan frequency and the opening of the air supply valve when the current condition is determined to be a disturbance, so as to maintain the static pressure difference within the preset target range, and at the same time prohibit the use of the gas concentration collected during the disturbance condition to trigger the exhaust gear upgrade.

[0024] The second analysis and control module is used to compare the filtered gas concentration data with the preset graded safety threshold when the condition is determined to be non-disturbance and the sampling validity is valid. Based on the comparison result, it executes a graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics.

[0025] Fourthly, a computer device is proposed, comprising a memory, a processor, and a transceiver connected in sequence, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the transceiver is used to send and receive data, and the processor is used to read the computer program and execute the environmental control method as described in the first aspect.

[0026] Fifthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, perform the environmental control method as described in the first aspect.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. By constructing the system as a modular compartment unit comprising a fuel cell stack compartment, an electrical compartment, and a liquid storage chamber, and forming a controllable pressure boundary, the fuel cell stack compartment is equipped with a main exhaust channel consisting of an exhaust fan and anti-backflow components, and a controlled gas supply channel consisting of a filter assembly and an electrically adjustable gas supply valve. Combined with a differential pressure measurement unit for acquiring the static pressure difference between the compartment and the outside environment, and a constant current sampling unit capable of outputting "gas concentration + sampling validity results," the main controller can identify disturbances / non-disturbances based on sampling reliability and the rate of change of static pressure difference. In dynamic operating conditions, and under disturbed operating conditions, differential pressure stabilization closed loop is implemented by adjusting the exhaust fan or air supply valve. When there is no disturbance and the sampling is effective, graded linkage control is implemented based on gas concentration. This achieves "gas path decoupling + reliable sampling + control disturbance resistance" coordination with the existing ventilation / air supply conditions of the underground garage. It significantly reduces the runaway pressure difference and concentration reading distortion in the chamber caused by external differential pressure pulses and backflow, avoids false triggering, missed triggering and frequent oscillation of linkage, and improves the reliability of safe handling and operational stability under underground space layout conditions.

[0029] 2. In each control cycle, the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack and the outside, the gas concentration inside the stack, and the sampling flow rate are periodically collected, and the sampling validity is judged in real time. The static pressure difference change rate is further calculated, and "invalid sampling / pressure difference change rate exceeding the limit" is used as the disturbance criterion to complete the working condition identification. Then, under the disturbance condition, the PID pressure stabilization algorithm is started to adjust the exhaust fan frequency or the air supply valve opening to maintain the static pressure difference within the target range. At the same time, the current gas concentration data is prohibited from triggering the exhaust gear upgrade and maintaining the system safety state or executing the degradation protection. Only when there is no disturbance and the sampling is valid, the filtered gas concentration is compared with the graded safety threshold and the graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics is executed. In this way, under the conditions of pressure difference pulse and sampling distortion caused by frequent switching of ventilation / air supply conditions in the underground garage, the minimum closed-loop control logic of "first stabilize the pressure, then monitor reliably, and then link graded" is realized, suppressing the false triggering / missed triggering of threshold linkage and the back-and-forth switching of state, and ensuring the stability and reliability of exhaust and power limiting actions. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vanadium redox flow battery system designed for underground space deployment, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the environmental control method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1-Modular cabin unit, 2-Airflow organization and control component, 3-Environmental monitoring component, 4-Main controller, 11-Electric stack compartment, 12-Electrical compartment, 13-Liquid storage chamber, 21-Main exhaust channel, 22-Controlled air supply channel, 31-Differential pressure measurement unit, 32-Constant flow sampling unit, 41-Operating condition identification module, 42-Selection control module, 211-Exhaust fan, 212-Anti-backflow element, 221-Filter component, 222-Electrically adjustable air supply valve. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. The embodiments described below are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other embodiments, well-known structures, materials, or methods are not specifically described to avoid obscuring the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, instruments, and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, the techniques used in the embodiments are conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] Example 1: Frequent switching of the existing ventilation / exhaust / replenishment air system in underground parking garages causes rapid changes in the external static pressure field and airflow organization, which in turn triggers pulse fluctuations and reversals in the pressure difference between the fuel cell stack and the garage, as well as fluctuations in sampling flow rate, backflow, and sample dilution. This results in distorted concentration readings and drives threshold linkage to cause false triggering, missed triggering, or frequent oscillations. This invention constructs a main exhaust channel and a controlled replenishment air channel with the fuel cell stack as the core control object, and configures anti-backflow components to allow active adjustment of the chamber pressure boundary. A constant flow sampling structure is used on the sampling side, and the sampling validity results are output, so that the reliability of the concentration data can be objectively judged. Based on the sampling validity and the rate of change of pressure difference, disturbance conditions are identified. Under disturbance conditions, an anti-disturbance mode is entered to execute pressure stabilization closed loop and latching anti-jitter. After the disturbance is resolved and the sampling is valid, graded linkage is executed, thereby achieving "no misjudgment and no oscillation under strong disturbance conditions".

[0038] A vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment is provided, including... Figure 1 The following components are shown:

[0039] 1. Modular cabin unit 1

[0040] Modular cabin unit 1 is used to form a cabin structure with controllable pressure boundaries and clearly defined functional zones under the constraints of transportation, placement, and operation in underground space. Modular cabin unit 1 includes fuel cell stack 11, electrical compartment 12, and liquid storage chamber 13.

[0041] (1) Partition isolation structure

[0042] Sealing is achieved using a sealing partition and door frame.

[0043] The sealing bulkhead is made of cold-rolled steel plate with a thickness of ≥1.5mm and the surface is treated with electrophoretic anti-corrosion. The bulkhead is fastened to the cabin frame with M8×20 stainless steel bolts and the joints are filled with weather-resistant sealant (model 3M5200).

[0044] The door frame sealing adopts EPDM rubber sealing strips with a cross-section of 10mm×10mm installed on the door frame of each functional area. The compression of the sealing strip is controlled at 2-3mm to ensure that the contact pressure of the sealing surface is ≥0.3Mpa.

[0045] The partitioned isolation structure isolates the three functional areas from each other, preventing electrolyte evaporation, gas escape, or the influence of humid and hot environments on electrical equipment, while also facilitating partitioned maintenance.

[0046] (2) Controllable pressure boundary

[0047] Cable and electrolyte pipeline penetrations through the compartment use IP65-rated glands or sealed sleeves, with gaps filled with high-temperature resistant (-40℃~85℃) sealant. Under a pressure difference of 100Pa, the leakage at the penetration point is ≤0.1m³ / h.

[0048] The fuel cell stack compartment 11 forms a relatively independent airtight space, reducing the amount of gas exchanged outside the design path to less than 10% of the original system, thus providing physical boundary conditions for subsequent differential pressure stabilization closed loop.

[0049] Modular compartment unit 1 can be transported in separate modules and assembled on-site to adapt to engineering constraints such as small turning radius of underground parking garage ramps, height restrictions, and the need for nighttime transportation. For example, the stacker compartment 11 and electrical compartment 12 can be designed as detachable parallel modules, and the liquid storage chamber 13 can be arranged in a movable liquid storage tank array to reduce the weight of a single unit and facilitate transportation by forklifts / small handling equipment.

[0050] 2. Airflow organization and control component 2

[0051] The airflow organization and control component 2 is connected to the fuel cell stack compartment 11 and is used to "unidirectionally and controllably" regulate the gas exchange path between the fuel cell stack compartment 11 and the external underground space, so as to reduce the interference of external operating condition switching on the internal pressure and sampling. The specific component parameters are as follows:

[0052] (1) Main exhaust passage 21

[0053] An exhaust fan 211 is installed on the main exhaust channel 21 to exhaust the gas inside the fuel cell stack 11 to an external underground space or an external exhaust pipeline. Simultaneously, an anti-backflow element 212 (such as a check valve, gravity check valve, or spring-loaded one-way valve) is connected in series with the main exhaust channel 21 to prevent external airflow from flowing back into the fuel cell stack 11 when a momentary positive pressure or reverse airflow occurs externally. This structure avoids backflow caused by external gas supply / exhaust switching, which directly disrupts sampling and concentration criteria within the stack.

[0054] The exhaust pipe is made of 304 stainless steel. The pipe diameter is determined based on the exhaust air volume (design wind speed 8-12m / s). The pipe route avoids personnel passages and areas with dense equipment. The slope of the horizontal section is ≥1% (to facilitate condensate drainage).

[0055] The exhaust fan 211 is a centrifugal variable frequency exhaust fan 211 with a rated air volume ≥1000m³ / h, a rated air pressure ≥200Pa, a speed range of 30Hz-50Hz, a response time ≤2s, and is equipped with a 4-20mA analog control interface.

[0056] The anti-backflow element 212 is a gravity check valve, which is compatible with the exhaust pipe diameter. The opening pressure is ≤5Pa, the closing sealing level is VI (GB / T13277-2016), and the reverse leakage is ≤0.05m³ / h when the reverse pressure difference is ≥10Pa. The installation position is close to the outlet of fuel cell compartment 11, and the straight section length of the pipeline before and after the valve is ≥5 times the pipe diameter.

[0057] The main exhaust channel 21 avoids backflow caused by "switching between external gas supply and exhaust" from directly disrupting the sampling and concentration criteria inside the chamber, and can provide differentiated exhaust intensity under normal, early warning and emergency conditions.

[0058] (2) Controlled gas supply channel 22

[0059] A filter assembly 221 and an electrically adjustable air supply valve 222 are installed on the controlled air supply channel 22. The filter assembly 221 can be made of filter cotton or filter screen to block dust and particulate matter from entering the chamber; the electrically adjustable air supply valve 222 is used to adjust the air supply flow according to control commands, so that the fuel cell stack 11 can obtain the necessary fresh air supply while maintaining the target pressure difference range and avoid excessive negative pressure due to insufficient air supply.

[0060] The filter assembly 221 adopts a two-stage filtration structure of primary and secondary filters. The primary filter (GB / T14295-2019) has a filtration efficiency of ≥80% (particle size ≥5μm), the secondary filter has a filtration efficiency of ≥60% (particle size ≥1μm), the wind speed at the filter's front is ≤2m / s, and it has a differential pressure alarm function (alarm differential pressure ≥250Pa).

[0061] The electric regulating air supply valve 222 is a butterfly valve type regulating valve with a nominal diameter ≥80mm, an adjustment range of 0%-100%, a response time ≤3s, a 4-20mA analog control interface, and a leakage rate ≤0.1%KV.

[0062] The controlled air supply channel 22 adjusts the air supply flow according to the control command, so that the fuel cell stack 11 can obtain the necessary fresh air supply while maintaining the target pressure difference range and avoid excessive negative pressure due to insufficient air supply.

[0063] (3) Voltage stabilizer

[0064] When there are large fluctuations in external static pressure or when a more stable air supply flow is required, a pressure stabilizer can be installed upstream of the electrically adjustable air supply valve 222 in the controlled air supply channel 22. The pressure stabilizer can be a fixed orifice plate or an adjustable flow valve, used to provide a relatively stable air supply flow when the external static pressure fluctuates, so that the air supply channel exhibits a combination of "passive steady state + active fine adjustment" characteristics, thereby improving the controllability of the pressure stabilization closed loop.

[0065] The pressure stabilizing component is a fixed orifice plate (the orifice diameter is determined according to the design air supply flow rate, with a typical range of 5-10mm) or an adjustable flow valve (adjustment range 0.5-5m³ / h), which is set upstream of the electric adjustable air supply valve 222 and the distance between it and the filter assembly 221 is ≥300mm.

[0066] The pressure stabilizer makes the replenishment air flow rate insensitive to transient pressure difference changes in the garage through the throttling effect. For example, within the range of ±50Pa of static pressure fluctuation in the garage, the change rate of the replenishment air flow rate is ≤10%. This makes the replenishment air channel exhibit a combination of passive steady-state and active fine-tuning characteristics, improving the controllability of the pressure stabilization closed loop.

[0067] (4) Pressure relief channel

[0068] When rapid pressure equalization or avoidance of extreme pressure differential impacts is required, a pressure relief channel can be installed between the fuel cell stack compartment 11 and the external underground space. A pressure relief valve is installed on this channel. The pressure relief valve can be an electric butterfly valve or an electric air valve. It opens rapidly to release pressure when the pressure differential exceeds a preset pressure relief threshold and closes once the pressure differential returns to the normal range. This structure is used to handle extreme pressure differentials caused by sudden strong external disturbances, preventing the failure of door seals and penetration seals due to pressure differential impacts.

[0069] The pressure relief valve is an electric butterfly valve with a nominal diameter ≥150mm and a 24V DC drive power supply.

[0070] The pressure relief channel connects the lower part of the side wall of fuel cell compartment 11 to the external underground space. The pressure relief channel is used to handle extreme pressure differences (such as ≥±30Pa) caused by sudden strong external disturbances, and to quickly relieve pressure to prevent the failure of the door seals and the through-compartment seals due to pressure difference impact.

[0071] 3. Environmental monitoring component 3

[0072] The environmental monitoring component 3 is used to acquire key inputs for the control closed loop, such as differential pressure, concentration, temperature, and sampling reliability. It includes a differential pressure measurement unit 31 and a constant current sampling unit 32.

[0073] (1) Differential pressure measurement unit 31

[0074] The differential pressure measurement unit 31 is used to collect the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack compartment 11 and the external underground space. The differential pressure measurement unit 31 includes a first pressure tapping point and a second pressure tapping point. The first pressure tapping point is located inside the fuel cell stack compartment 11, and the second pressure tapping point is located in the external underground space.

[0075] Furthermore, the differential pressure measurement unit 31 can be a micro differential pressure transmitter with a measurement range of -100Pa to +100Pa, an accuracy class of ≤±2%FS, a response time of ≤0.5s, and an output signal of 4-20mA analog quantity or Modbus digital signal.

[0076] The first pressure tap is located in the upper part of the fuel cell stack compartment 11 (≤300mm from the top of the compartment) and ≥500mm from the compartment wall in a relatively static pressure area, avoiding the range of 1.5 times the pipe diameter downstream of the exhaust port and the range of 1 times the pipe diameter upstream of the air supply port; the second pressure tap is located in the relatively static pressure area away from the jet fan (≥3m from the air outlet) and the air supply port (≥2m from the air supply port), and ≥1.5m from the ground. The pressure tap is equipped with a 100-mesh stainless steel dust filter cap.

[0077] In one optional embodiment, a reference cavity is provided at the second pressure tapping point, and the reference cavity is connected to the external space through a porous diffusion structure. The reference cavity is used to average the external local dynamic pressure, reduce pressure tapping distortion caused by jet fans or local strong airflow, and provide a more realistic static pressure reference for operating condition identification and pressure stabilization closed loop.

[0078] The reference cavity is a stainless steel cavity with a volume of ≥1L, with a sealed surface. It is connected to the second pressure tapping point through a pressure guide pipe. A perforated plate with a hole diameter of 0.5-1mm is installed at the end of the cavity that connects to the garage.

[0079] The local dynamic pressure effect is averaged by using a reference cavity, which improves the accuracy of disturbance identification.

[0080] (2) Constant current sampling unit 32

[0081] The constant current sampling unit 32 is used to collect gas concentration data within the fuel cell stack compartment 11 and output gas concentration data and sampling validity results. It includes a sampling probe, a buffer chamber, a throttling device, and a micro-pump connected in series, and also includes a flow monitoring device.

[0082] The sampling probe is positioned in the upper part of the fuel cell stack compartment 11 (in the area where gas tends to accumulate) to collect gas that may accumulate in the upper space. The sampling probe can be equipped with a drip-proof structure (e.g., a bent drip cap, hydrophobic membrane, or liquid shield) to prevent electrolyte droplets from entering the sampling pipeline. A buffer chamber smooths short-term pressure fluctuations and reduces the transient impact of external pressure differential pulses on the sampling flow rate. A throttling device works in conjunction with a miniature vacuum pump to maintain the sampling flow rate within a preset constant range. The flow monitoring device can be a miniature flow meter; alternatively, a pressure differential can be acquired at both ends of the throttling device to obtain the throttling pressure differential as a flow rate substitute, or the vacuum pump current can be used as a substitute.

[0083] Furthermore, the sampling probe is made of stainless steel with a probe aperture ≥5mm. It is equipped with an 80-mesh stainless steel dustproof mesh cover and a 45° inclined anti-drip structure (to prevent electrolyte droplets from entering). The angle between the probe axis and the top of the chamber is ≤30°. A buffer chamber with a volume ≥50mL is connected in series in the sampling pipeline. The inner wall is polished (roughness Ra≤0.8μm) to reduce gas adsorption. Both ends are connected to the sampling tube via compression fittings. The rated flow rate of the miniature vacuum pump is 50-100mL / min, the working pressure range is -50kPa~0kPa, and the power supply voltage is 24V DC. The flow monitoring device is a miniature mass flow meter with a measurement range of 40-120mL / min, an accuracy ≤±2%FS, and an output signal of 4-20mA. It is installed between the throttling device and the miniature vacuum pump.

[0084] The "sampling valid / invalid" result output by the constant current sampling unit 32 is an objective discrimination quantity. For example, when the flow monitoring device detects that the sampled flow rate exceeds the deviation range threshold within a preset time window, it is determined to be an invalid sample. This discrimination allows for the timely disabling of unreliable concentration data in cases of sampling pipeline blockage, backflow, or pump malfunction. When the sampled flow rate detected by the flow monitoring device exceeds [Q] for a continuous Tw time... ref -δQ,Q ref +δQ] is judged as "invalid sampling"; if the continuous Tw time meets the range, it is judged as "valid sampling", where Q ref The target sampling flow rate is 80 mL / min, δQ is the allowable deviation (±10%), and Tw is the time window (5 seconds).

[0085] 4. Main controller 4 and its functional modules

[0086] The main controller 4 is communicatively connected to the airflow organization and control component 2 and the environmental monitoring component 3 to achieve closed-loop operation of condition identification and environmental control. The main controller 4 can be an industrial controller, PLC, or embedded controller, and can be connected to various sensors and actuators via analog / digital interfaces or a communication bus. The PLC can be a Siemens S7-1200 series PLC (model 1214C), equipped with an analog input module (SM1231, 8 channels), an analog output module (SM1232, 4 channels), and a digital input / output module (SM1233). The communication interface supports Modbus RTU (RS485) and Profinet protocols, and is connected to the exhaust fan 211 frequency converter, the electric regulating air supply valve 222, and the sensors via an RS485 bus. The communication baud rate is 9600bps, with 8 data bits and no parity bits.

[0087] The main controller 4 includes at least a working condition identification module 41 and a selection control module 42; in embodiments that include a pressure relief channel, it may also include an air valve control module.

[0088] (1) Operating Condition Identification Module 41: Used to identify the current operating condition based on sampling reliability (i.e., sampling validity results) and static pressure difference change rate. When "invalid sampling" occurs or the pressure difference change rate rapidly exceeds the limit, it is judged as a disturbance operating condition dominated by external ventilation exhaust / replenishment disturbance, so as to avoid misjudging transient disturbances as real risks. Among them, the pressure difference change rate R P =(ΔP f (k)-ΔP f (k-1)) / Δt, where ΔP f Here, Δt is the filtered pressure difference value, k is the control period, and k is the number of periods. The maximum rate of change of pressure difference R_max during on-site testing of the garage ventilation system (fan high / low speed switching, zone start / stop, jet fan start / stop) is used as the preset upper limit of the rate of change R.th Take R th =1.2×R_max (range 15-25 Pa / s, example value 20 Pa / s). Furthermore, the judgment logic for the disturbance condition is: either the sampling validity result is "invalid sampling" or |pressure difference change rate|R... P |Exceeding the preset rate of change limit R for two consecutive control cycles th If the sampling validity recovers to "valid sampling" and |R P |<R th If the control continues for 3 control cycles, it is considered to be without disturbance.

[0089] (2) Select control module 42

[0090] It is used to perform differential pressure stabilization closed-loop control and maintain a safe state under disturbed operating conditions, and to perform hierarchical linkage control under non-disturbed conditions and with valid sampling. The selected control module 42 includes a sampling reliability acquisition unit, which is used to generate a "valid sampling / invalid sampling" judgment result based on objective conditions such as flow deviation threshold.

[0091] Differential pressure stabilization closed-loop control includes: setting the differential pressure target range [ΔP] low ,ΔP high (e.g., -15Pa to -8Pa), the error is set as e(k) = ΔP ref -ΔP f (k), where ΔP ref The target differential pressure value can be taken as the midpoint of the target differential pressure range (e.g., if the target range is -15Pa to -8Pa, the midpoint is -11.5Pa); the frequency of the exhaust fan 211 can be adjusted by the output control quantity (each adjustment increment ≤ 2Hz) or the opening of the air supply valve (each adjustment increment ≤ 5%). The expression for the output control quantity is: where K p K is the proportionality coefficient. p =0.5, K i K is the integral coefficient. i =0.1、K d K is the differential coefficient. d =0.05, t k This refers to the current moment.

[0092] Maintaining a safe state means: if the current exhaust state is normal exhaust state, then switch to warning exhaust state (e.g., set the fan frequency to 40Hz), and limit the system power to 50% of the rated power; if the current exhaust state is warning / emergency exhaust state, then maintain the current gear and power limit; if the current state is latch-up anti-jitter, then start the latch-up timer (T) after the state switch. lock =60 seconds), during which the reverse switching condition will not be responded to.

[0093] The tiered linkage control refers to controlling the exhaust status by setting tiered safety thresholds. Specifically, the tiered safety thresholds include: a first-level upgrade threshold C1 (e.g., 5 ppm), a second-level upgrade threshold C2 (e.g., 10 ppm), and a downgrade threshold C1. down =0.8×C1 (e.g., 4ppm), C2_down=0.7×C2 (e.g., 7ppm), upgrade confirmation time T up (e.g., 30 seconds), downgrade confirmation time T_down (e.g., 60 seconds). When C f When C < C1, normal exhaust is performed, the fan frequency is set to 30Hz, and the system operates at rated power; when C f ≥C1 and continuous upgrade confirmation time T up To implement early warning exhaust, the fan frequency is set to 40Hz, and the system operates at 50% of its rated power; when C f ≥C2 and lasting for T up Emergency exhaust is performed, the fan frequency is set to 50Hz, and the system is shut down.

[0094] Additional explanation: Hysteresis logic refers to the requirement that C must be met before a warning exhaust system can be downgraded. f <C1 down Furthermore, the continuous downgrade confirmation time T_down, from emergency exhaust downgrade, must meet C. f <C2_down and continuous downgrade confirmation time T_down.

[0095] (3) Air valve control module

[0096] This device is used to control the opening of the pressure relief valve to quickly release pressure when the detected static pressure difference exceeds the preset pressure relief threshold, until the static pressure difference returns to the normal range.

[0097] The pressure relief threshold is set to ΔP rel =±30Pa.

[0098] The control logic is: when ΔP f >ΔP rel or ΔP f <-ΔP rel When ΔP is activated, the pressure relief valve opens; when ΔP is activated... f When the pressure returns to the range of [-15Pa, -8Pa], the control valve closes, and the valve action is coordinated with the PID voltage regulation.

[0099] Example 2: This example provides an environmental control method for a vanadium redox flow battery system designed for underground space deployment, as described in Example 1. This method uses the battery stack compartment 11 as the controlled object and can be cyclically executed by the main controller 4 within a preset control cycle, including... Figure 2 The following steps are shown (in conjunction with) Figure 1 (Explanation provided)

[0100] Step 1: Periodically collect data on the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack 11 and the outside, the gas concentration inside the stack, and the sampling flow rate. Output the sampling validity result based on whether the target sampling flow rate exceeds the allowable deviation range within the preset time window.

[0101] The purpose of this step is to comprehensively acquire three core types of information: pressure boundary disturbance status, cabin contamination level, and sampling data reliability. This ensures that subsequent condition identification and linkage control are based on complete, real-time, and verifiable data, avoiding misjudgments due to missing key inputs.

[0102] 1. Data Collection

[0103] The main controller 4 collects data cyclically at a fixed control cycle Δt. Δt can be determined based on the cabin volume, fan response time, and sensor refresh rate, for example, set to 2 seconds / cycle. The following data is collected synchronously within each control cycle:

[0104] (1) The static pressure difference ΔP between the fuel cell stack compartment 11 and the outside environment,

[0105] The static pressure difference ΔP is measured by a micro differential pressure transmitter, with a value range of -100 Pa to +100 Pa. The acquired static pressure difference ΔP needs to be converted into a digital value with a resolution ≤0.1 Pa.

[0106] (2) Gas concentration C inside the cabin raw

[0107] In-cabin gas concentration C raw The concentration was measured by gas concentration sensor 330, with a value range of 0-20 ppm. The gas concentration C in the chamber after collection... raw Outliers need to be removed (cabin gas concentrations >20ppm or <0ppm are considered invalid data, and invalid data are replaced with values ​​from the previous period).

[0108] (3) Sampling flow rate Q s

[0109] Sampling flow rate Q s The flow rate was measured by a flow monitoring device, with a range of 40-120 mL / min and a sampling resolution ≤0.1 mL / min. The sampling flow rate Q... s Alternatively, it can be determined by the pressure difference ΔP across the throttling device. orifice Alternatively, the air pump current I_p can be used as an alternative parameter.

[0110] (4) Cabin temperature T

[0111] The cabin temperature T is measured by temperature sensor 340, with a range of -20℃ to 60℃ and an accuracy of ≤ ±0.5℃.

[0112] (5) State variables

[0113] This includes: the current frequency / gear F of the exhaust fan 211, the current opening V of the air supply valve, and the current operating power P_sys of the system.

[0114] 2. Data Processing

[0115] The collected data were subjected to moving average filtering to suppress high-frequency noise spikes and reduce data fluctuation amplitude: for the static pressure difference ΔP raw A sliding window filter with 5 control cycles is used, and the filter value ΔP f =(ΔP raw (k)+ΔP raw (k-1)+ΔP raw (k-2)+ΔP raw (k-3)+ΔP raw (k-4)) / 5; for gas concentration C raw Similarly, a sliding window filter with 5 control cycles is used, with a filter value C. f =(C raw (k)+C raw (k-1)+C raw (k-2)+C raw (k-3)+C raw (k-4)) / 5.

[0116] Furthermore, the main controller 4 is based on the sampled flow rate Q s (Or alternative parameters) Real-time output of sampling validity results. Specifically, one of the following objective judgment methods can be used:

[0117] (1) Flow deviation judgment: Set the target sampling flow rate Q ref With respect to the allowable deviation δQ, within a preset time window Tw (e.g., 5 consecutive control cycles), if Q... s Continue to exceed [Q] ref -δQ,Q ref If the value is +δQ], it is determined as "invalid sampling"; otherwise, it is determined as "valid sampling".

[0118] (2) Throttling pressure difference judgment: If the throttling device pressure difference ΔP is used as the throttling device pressure difference judgment, orifice As a substitute, ΔP is determined within Tw. orifice Whether it is stable within the corresponding target range; exceeding the limit is considered invalid. In scenarios where a micro flow meter is not configured, the pressure difference ΔP of the throttling element can be used to determine this. orifice Alternative to direct flow measurement to determine sampling validity: Based on the orifice plate throttling principle, first calibrate the "pressure difference range corresponding to the target sampling flow rate" by temporarily connecting a flow meter, and then monitor the pressure difference across the throttling device in real time. If it remains stable within this range for 5 consecutive seconds, the sampling is considered valid; otherwise, it is invalid.

[0119] (3) Pump current judgment: In the case of no micro flow meter, the sampling validity can also be judged by replacing the direct flow measurement by the pump current I_p: using the correlation characteristics between the pump current and the load pressure, first calibrate the normal current range and the threshold for sudden change and overload when the flow is stable, and then judge the sampling status by monitoring whether the current is within the range, whether there is a sudden change or continuous overload; if the current is stable in the normal range, the sampling is judged to be valid; if the current exceeds the range, a sudden change or continuous overload occurs, the sampling is judged to be invalid.

[0120] Let the target sampling flow rate Q be... ref =80mL / min, allowable deviation δQ=±10% (72-88mL / min), time window Tw=5 seconds. The sampling validity determination procedure is as follows: First, the sampling flow rate Q is collected in each control cycle. s Then, determine the sampling flow rate Q. s Whether it is within the range of [72, 88] mL / min; if the sampling flow rate Q is collected in two consecutive control cycles s If the sampling rate exceeds the range of [72, 88] mL / min, it is considered an "invalid sample" and a fault alarm is triggered; if it is considered an "invalid sample", the sampling flow rate Q collected for two consecutive control cycles will be recorded. s If the sample rate returns to the range of [72, 88] mL / min, the validity determination result will be restored to "valid sampling".

[0121] Step 1 ensures high data acquisition coverage and objective output of sampling reliability, avoiding false triggers caused by "abnormal sampling but concentration still being used". The output differential pressure sequence is used to calculate the differential pressure change rate. The sampling validity result and the differential pressure change rate are used together for subsequent disturbance / non-disturbance condition identification. The filtered concentration data is used to execute graded linkage control in non-disturbance mode.

[0122] Step 2: Calculate the rate of change of static pressure difference within a set period; when the sampling validity result is invalid sampling and the rate of change of pressure difference exceeds the preset upper limit of the rate of change, the current condition is determined to be a disturbance condition; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition.

[0123] The purpose of this step is to distinguish between "transient changes caused by external disturbances" and "stable changes caused by actual risks within the cabin" under the transient pressure difference pulse and airflow reorganization conditions caused by the switching of existing ventilation / exhaust / replenishment conditions in the underground garage, so as to avoid misjudgment at the entry point of the control strategy.

[0124] 1. Calculate the rate of change of pressure difference

[0125] With the filter value ΔP f Using this as input, calculate the differential pressure change rate R for the current control cycle. P =(ΔP f (k)-ΔPf (k-1)) / Δt. Where ΔP f (k) represents the current periodic filtered voltage difference, ΔP f (k-1) represents the voltage difference after filtering in the previous cycle, Δt = 2 seconds, R P The unit is Pa / s.

[0126] For example, if the current ΔP f =-10Pa, ΔP in the previous period f =-5Pa, then R P =(-10-(-5)) / 2=-2.5Pa / s, the absolute value is 2.5Pa / s.

[0127] 2. Setting the upper limit of the rate of change

[0128] Under typical switching conditions of the underground parking garage ventilation system (low-speed to high-speed fan operation, zone start-up and shutdown, jet fan start-up and shutdown), the rate of change of pressure difference R was recorded for multiple switching operations (e.g., 10 times). P The maximum value R_max is set as 1.2 times the maximum rate of change of pressure difference as the preset upper limit of the rate of change R. th For example, the typical tuning range can be found in R. th Within the range of (15Pa / s-25Pa / s).

[0129] 3. Disturbance Condition Judgment

[0130] Judgment Criterion 1: The sampling validity result is "invalid sampling".

[0131] Judgment condition 2: | Pressure difference change rate R P When the R value exceeds R for N consecutive control cycles th N can be set to 2 to suppress misjudgment of single-point burrs.

[0132] When either judgment condition 1 or judgment condition 2 is met, the current operating condition is determined to be a disturbance operating condition, and the valid sampling result is assigned a value of 1; when neither judgment condition 1 nor judgment condition 2 is met, the current operating condition is determined to be a non-disturbance operating condition, and the valid sampling result is assigned a value of 0.

[0133] When the sampling validity is restored to "valid sampling" and |pressure difference change rate R P |Below the upper limit of the rate of change R th And continue to release confirmation time T rel Afterwards, the disturbance flag is removed and the system switches to non-disturbance mode, and the valid sample result is assigned the value 0. rel It can be set to 3 control cycles or adjusted according to the on-site ventilation switching stabilization time.

[0134] Step 2 identifies disturbance conditions using the dual conditions of "invalid sampling / pressure difference change rate exceeding the limit," effectively isolating strong external disturbances from the conventional graded linkage path and reducing the probability of false triggering and oscillation. The output condition judgment result directly determines the environmental control path: if the current condition is a disturbance condition, it enters the anti-disturbance voltage stabilization and protection logic; if the current condition is non-disturbance and the sampling is valid, it enters the graded linkage logic.

[0135] Step 3: When the current condition is determined to be a disturbance, the PID voltage regulation algorithm is activated to adjust the frequency of the exhaust fan 211 and the opening of the air supply valve to maintain the static pressure difference within the preset target range. At the same time, the gas concentration collected during the disturbance condition is prohibited from triggering the exhaust gear upgrade. When the condition is determined to be a non-disturbance condition and the sampling validity is valid, the filtered gas concentration data is compared with the preset graded safety threshold. Based on the comparison result, a graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics is executed.

[0136] The purpose of this step is to: prioritize the restoration and stabilization of the pressure boundary of the fuel cell stack 11 under disturbed conditions, and avoid the escalation of errors driven by concentration distortion caused by external disturbances; and to implement graded exhaust and power limiting based on the true concentration when there is no disturbance and the sampling is reliable.

[0137] 1. Disturbance immunity mode under disturbance conditions

[0138] (1) Voltage stabilization closed-loop control

[0139] Main controller 4 sets the target differential pressure range [ΔP] low ,ΔP high ], and based on the error e(k)=ΔP ref -ΔP f (k) Run the PID voltage regulation algorithm and output the control quantity u(k) to adjust the frequency F of the exhaust fan 211 or the opening V of the electric regulating air supply valve 222, so that ΔP f It stabilizes and returns to the target interval. When ΔP f (k)>ΔP high When ΔP is high, increase the frequency of exhaust fan 211 or decrease the opening of the air supply valve; f (k)<ΔP low When necessary, reduce the frequency of the exhaust fan 211 or increase the opening of the air supply valve. The frequency adjustment range of the exhaust fan 211 can be within 2Hz, and the adjustment range of the air supply valve opening can be limited to within 5%, but the adjusted fan frequency should not be lower than 30Hz (to avoid stalling), and the adjusted air supply valve opening should not be lower than 10% (to ensure minimum air supply). Through pressure stabilization closed-loop control, ΔP f (k) stabilizes to [ΔP] low ,ΔP high ]Inside.

[0140] Among them, the target pressure difference range [ΔP] low ,ΔP high The setting criteria include: compartment pressure difference, door opening force, and sampling validity time percentage. Specifically, compartment pressure difference refers to the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack 11 and the garage remaining stable within a preset target range (e.g., -15Pa to -8Pa) under all typical operating conditions, avoiding significant fluctuations, positive / negative reversals, or prolonged deviations from the range. Door opening force refers to the force required to open and close the doors of the fuel cell stack 11 and electrical compartment 12 after the pressure difference stabilizes, ensuring it does not exceed a preset value (e.g., 50N), preventing excessive negative pressure that prevents door opening or excessive positive pressure that causes doors to automatically spring open and compromise sealing. Sampling validity time percentage refers to the percentage of time the constant current sampling unit 32 is in a "sampling valid" state during the total system operating time, which is greater than a preset percentage under all typical operating conditions (e.g., at least 95 hours of "valid sampling" in 100 hours of system operation). Based on these setting criteria, the target pressure difference range [ΔP] is first preset. low ,ΔP high (e.g., -15Pa to -8Pa), and then conduct on-site tests on the preset pressure difference target range [ΔP]. low ,ΔP high ] Conduct debugging and verification until the test results simultaneously meet the three tuning conditions of "chamber pressure difference, door opening force, and sampling validity time ratio", then finally determine the pressure difference target range [ΔP] low ,ΔP high For example, if the sampling validity time ratio is not met during field testing (e.g., the sampling validity rate is only 80%), the target differential pressure range should be adjusted (e.g., the negative pressure should be reduced to -12Pa to -5Pa), and the test should be repeated until the above three setting conditions are met.

[0141] PID parameters can be fine-tuned using the critical proportional gain method: first preset K... i =0、K d =0, increase K p When the system oscillates, take the oscillation time K. p 0.5 times as the final K p For example, the final value of the PID parameter is K. p =0.5, K i =0.1、K d =0.05, and fine-tune according to the on-site working conditions. The above parameters can be directly substituted into the previously disclosed PID control expression to output the adjustment amount of the exhaust fan 211 frequency or the air supply valve opening.

[0142] (2) Disable unreliable concentration triggering

[0143] During the period when the disturbance flag is valid, the main controller 4 will not use the currently collected gas concentration data to trigger the exhaust gear upgrade, avoiding missed triggering due to "false low concentration" caused by sampling backflow / dilution or false triggering due to transient glitches. The triggering logic is as follows: during the duration of the disturbance condition, the main controller 4 will not perform the upgrade action based on gas concentration, thereby cutting off the chain reaction of "sampling distortion, concentration misjudgment, and linkage targeting".

[0144] (3) Maintain safe status or degrade protection

[0145] During the duration of the disturbance, maintenance or degradation protection is implemented based on the current system state. For example: if the system is currently in normal exhaust mode, it is forcibly switched to warning exhaust mode and the system operating power is limited to 50% of the rated power; if the system is currently in warning exhaust mode or emergency exhaust mode, the current exhaust level and power limitation are maintained, and state degradation is not allowed until the disturbance is resolved.

[0146] (4) Latching anti-shake

[0147] To avoid frequent switching caused by repeated boundary condition crossings, a latch timer can be started when the system state switches to the warning state. During the latch time T... lock (e.g., within 60 seconds) even if the control criterion meets the reverse switching condition (e.g., C) f <C1 down ) No switching action is performed. lock The setting value can be determined based on the speed stabilization time of the exhaust fan 211 and the pressure difference recovery time inside the chamber, for example, by taking a setting value within the range of 30-120 seconds.

[0148] 2. Normal mode hierarchical linkage under non-disturbance and valid sampling conditions

[0149] (1) Concentration threshold and duration criteria

[0150] The filter concentration C f The comparison is performed against the graded security threshold, and an upgrade confirmation time T is introduced. up Used to suppress short-term spikes. For example, a first-level escalation threshold C1 and a second-level escalation threshold C2 can be set, where C2 > C1; when C... f Reach C1 and continue T up The system is upgraded to a warning exhaust status; when C f Reaching C2 and continuing T up The system should be upgraded to emergency venting mode. Refer to the "Safety Regulations for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations" (GB / T36548-2018) and, based on the gas concentration sensor range (0-20ppm), set the first-level upgrade threshold C1=5ppm, the second-level upgrade threshold C2=10ppm, and the upgrade confirmation time T. up =30 seconds.

[0151] (2) Hierarchical Exhaust and Power Limitation Strategy

[0152] Normal exhaust state: When the gas concentration is lower than the first-level upgrade threshold (C f <C1), control the exhaust fan 211 to operate at a normal frequency (such as 30 Hz), and the system maintains the rated power.

[0153] Early warning exhaust state: When the gas concentration is greater than or equal to the first-level upgrade threshold (C f ≥C1) and lasts for the upgrade confirmation time (30 seconds), increase the frequency of the exhaust fan 211 (such as 40 Hz), and limit the system power (such as limit the power to 50% of the rated power).

[0154] Emergency exhaust state: When the gas concentration is greater than or equal to the second-level upgrade threshold (C f ≥C2) and lasts for the upgrade confirmation time (30 seconds), control the exhaust fan 211 to operate at the highest frequency (such as 50 Hz), and shut down the system.

[0155] (3) Hysteresis Degradation

[0156] The hierarchical interlock control has a hysteresis range, and the degradation threshold is lower than the corresponding upgrade threshold. For example, the early warning degradation threshold C1 down <C1, the normal degradation threshold can be set to C0 down <C1 down , to avoid switching back and forth near the threshold.

[0157] Similarly, refer to the "Safety Regulations for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations" (GB / T36548-2018), combined with the gas concentration sensor range (0-20 ppm), set the early warning degradation threshold C1 down =4 ppm, the normal degradation threshold C0 down =3 ppm, the degradation confirmation time T_down = 60 seconds.

[0158] 3. Full-process Data Recording

[0159] The main controller 4 can synchronously record the device number, timestamp, original and filtered differential pressure values, original and filtered gas concentration values, sampling flow rate and validity status, disturbance flag, and trigger action reason according to the control period, forming a traceable operation and maintenance evidence chain. The recording frequency can be the same as the control period, for example, 2 seconds / time; the storage medium can be an industrial memory card, and the data format can be CSV for easy export and analysis.

[0160] Under disturbed conditions, the pressure stabilization closed loop can quickly pull the pressure difference back to the target range and reduce the probability of external backflow; disabling unreliable concentration triggering and latching anti-jitter can suppress false triggering and frequent oscillations; when there is no disturbance and the sampling is effective, through duration criteria and hysteresis classification linkage, the exhaust capacity can be improved in time and the power can be limited when a real risk occurs, while avoiding frequent switching caused by noise.

[0161] Example 3: Corresponding to Example 2, this example provides an environmental control system, including:

[0162] The data acquisition module is used to periodically collect data on the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack 11 and the outside environment, the gas concentration inside the stack, and the sampling flow rate.

[0163] The validity determination module is used to determine the validity of sampling based on the sampled flow data in real time.

[0164] The differential pressure change rate acquisition module is used to calculate the differential pressure change rate of static differential pressure within a set period;

[0165] The operating condition determination module is used to determine that the current condition is a disturbance condition when the sampling validity is "invalid sampling" or the differential pressure change rate exceeds the preset change rate limit; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition.

[0166] The first analysis and control module is used to start the PID voltage regulation algorithm to adjust the frequency of the exhaust fan 211 or the opening of the air supply valve when the current condition is determined to be a disturbance, so as to maintain the static pressure difference within the preset target range. At the same time, it prohibits the use of the currently collected gas concentration data to trigger the exhaust gear upgrade, and maintains the current safe state of the system or performs degradation protection.

[0167] The second analysis and control module is used to compare the filtered gas concentration data with the preset graded safety threshold when the condition is determined to be non-disturbance and the sampling validity is "valid sampling". Based on the comparison result, it executes a graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics.

[0168] The working process, working details and technical effects of the aforementioned system provided in this embodiment can be found in the method described in Embodiment 1 or any method that may involve the method described in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0169] Example 4: Based on the system provided in Example 1 and the method provided in Example 2, this example provides a computer device that executes the method described in Example 2 or any method that may involve the method described in Example 2. The device includes a memory, a processor, and a transceiver connected in sequence. The memory stores a computer program, the transceiver sends and receives messages, and the processor reads the computer program and executes the method described in Example 2 or any method that may involve the method described in Example 1. Specifically, the memory may include, but is not limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, first-in-first-out (FIFO) memory, and / or last-in-first-out (FILO) memory, etc.; the processor may include, but is not limited to, a microprocessor of the STM32F105 series. Furthermore, the computer device may also include, but is not limited to, a power module, a display screen, and other necessary components.

[0170] The working process, working details and technical effects of the aforementioned computer device provided in this embodiment can be found in the method described in Embodiment 2 or any method that may involve the method described in Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0171] Example 5: This example provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions that include the method described in Example 2 or any other method that may involve the method described in Example 2. Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, perform the method described in Example 1 or any other method that may involve the method described in Example 1. The computer-readable storage medium refers to a data storage medium, which may include, but is not limited to, floppy disks, optical disks, hard disks, flash memory, USB flash drives, and / or Memory Sticks. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.

[0172] The working process, working details and technical effects of the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium provided in this embodiment can be found in the method described in Embodiment 2 or any method that may be related to Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0173] Example 6: This example provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in Example 1 or any method that may involve the method described in Example 1. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.

[0174] It should be understood that the terms "system," "device," "unit," and / or "module" as used in this specification are a method of distinguishing different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, they may be replaced by other expressions.

[0175] As indicated in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of expressly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0176] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0177] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A vanadium redox flow battery system designed for underground space deployment, characterized in that, It includes a modular cabin unit (1), an airflow organization and control component (2), an environmental monitoring component (3), and a main controller (4); The modular compartment unit (1) includes: a fuel cell compartment (11), an electrical compartment (12), and a liquid storage chamber (13); the fuel cell compartment (11) and the electrical compartment (12) are isolated by a sealed isolation structure, as are the fuel cell compartment (11) and the liquid storage chamber (13); the fuel cell compartment (11) forms a controllable pressure boundary through a sealing bulkhead and a through-compartment sealing assembly; The airflow organization and control component (2) includes: a main exhaust channel (21) and a controlled air supply channel (22); both the main exhaust channel (21) and the controlled air supply channel (22) are connected to the fuel cell stack compartment (11); the main exhaust channel (21) is equipped with: an exhaust fan (211) and an anti-backflow element (212); the controlled air supply channel (22) is equipped with: a filter assembly (221) and an electrically adjustable air supply valve (222); The environmental monitoring component (3) includes: a differential pressure measurement unit (31) and a constant current sampling unit (32); the differential pressure measurement unit (31) is used to collect the static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack (11) and the external underground space; the constant current sampling unit (32) is used to collect the gas concentration in the fuel cell stack (11) and output the gas concentration data and the sampling validity results of the gas concentration. The main controller (4) is communicatively connected to the airflow organization and control component (2) and the environmental monitoring component (3); the main controller (4) includes: The operating condition identification module (41) is used to calculate the static pressure difference change rate in each control cycle. When the sampling validity result is invalid and the pressure difference change rate exceeds the preset change rate limit, the current condition is determined to be a disturbance condition; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition. The selection control module (42) is used to adjust the frequency of the exhaust fan (211) and the opening of the electric regulating air supply valve (222) using a PID algorithm when the condition is determined to be a disturbance, and to prohibit the use of gas concentration data collected during the disturbance condition to trigger the exhaust gear upgrade. When the condition is determined to be a non-disturbance condition and the sampling validity result is a valid sampling, the graded exhaust and power limiting control is performed based on the comparison result of the gas concentration data and the graded safety threshold. The graded exhaust and power limiting control includes: hysteresis interval to suppress frequent switching.

2. The all-vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant current sampling unit (32) includes: a sampling probe, a buffer chamber, a throttling device and a micro air pump; the sampling probe, the buffer chamber, the throttling device and the micro air pump are connected in series on the sampling pipeline; The sampling probe is located at the top of the fuel cell stack compartment (11); the sampling probe is equipped with a droplet-proof structure; The buffer chamber is used to smooth short-term pressure fluctuations; A throttling device and a miniature air pump are used together to maintain a constant sampling flow rate; The constant current sampling unit (32) also includes: a flow monitoring device; The selection control module (42) includes: The sampling reliability acquisition unit is used to determine the sampling validity result as invalid sampling when the flow monitoring device detects that the sampled flow continuously exceeds the allowable deviation range of the target sampled flow within a preset time window; otherwise, it is determined as valid sampling. Invalid sampling is one of the triggering conditions for disturbance conditions.

3. A vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controlled air supply channel (22) also includes: a pressure regulator; the pressure regulator is used to provide a stable air supply flow when the external static pressure fluctuates; the pressure regulator is located upstream of the electrically adjustable air supply valve (222); the pressure regulator is a fixed orifice plate or an adjustable flow valve; The differential pressure measurement unit (31) includes: a first pressure tapping point and a second pressure tapping point; the first pressure tapping point is located inside the fuel cell stack compartment (11), and the second pressure tapping point is located in the external underground space; a reference cavity is provided at the second pressure tapping point; the reference cavity is connected to the external space through a porous diffusion structure.

4. A vanadium redox flow battery system for underground space deployment according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Pressure relief channel; The pressure relief channel connects the fuel cell stack compartment (11) to the external underground space; The pressure relief channel is equipped with a pressure relief valve; The main controller (4) also includes: The air valve control module is used to control the pressure release air valve to open when the detected static pressure difference exceeds the preset pressure relief threshold, until the static pressure difference returns to the normal range.

5. An environmental control method for a vanadium redox flow battery system designed for underground space deployment as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Periodically collect static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack (11) and the outside, gas concentration inside the stack and sampling flow rate data, and output sampling validity results based on whether the target sampling flow rate exceeds the allowable deviation range within the preset time window. S2. Calculate the rate of change of static pressure difference within a set period; when the sampling validity result is invalid sampling and the rate of change of pressure difference exceeds the preset upper limit of the rate of change, the current condition is determined to be a disturbance condition; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition. S3. When the current condition is determined to be a disturbance, the PID stabilization algorithm is started to adjust the frequency of the exhaust fan (211) and the opening of the air supply valve to maintain the static pressure difference within the preset target range. At the same time, the gas concentration collected during the disturbance condition is prohibited from triggering the exhaust gear upgrade. When the condition is determined to be non-disturbance and the sampling is valid, the filtered gas concentration data is compared with the preset graded safety threshold, and a graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics is executed based on the comparison result.

6. The environmental control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for removing the disturbance condition is as follows: when the sampling validity is restored to valid sampling and the differential pressure change rate is lower than the preset change rate upper limit, and after a preset removal confirmation time, the current condition is switched to the non-disturbance condition.

7. The environmental control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Staged exhaust and power limiting control includes: Normal exhaust state: When the gas concentration is lower than the first-level upgrade threshold, the exhaust fan (211) is controlled to operate at normal frequency and the system maintains rated power; Warning exhaust status: When the gas concentration reaches the first-level upgrade threshold and continues to upgrade for confirmation time, increase the frequency of the exhaust fan (211) and limit the system power; Emergency exhaust status: When the gas concentration reaches the secondary upgrade threshold and the upgrade confirmation time continues, control the exhaust fan (211) to run at the highest frequency and control the system to shut down; The hierarchical linkage control has a hysteresis interval, and the degradation threshold is lower than the corresponding upgrade threshold.

8. The environmental control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, It is prohibited to use the currently collected gas concentration data to trigger the exhaust gear upgrade. Specifically, if the system is currently in normal exhaust state, it should be forcibly switched to the warning exhaust state and the system operating power should be limited to 50% of the rated power. If the system is currently in the warning exhaust state or emergency exhaust state, the current exhaust gear and power limit state should be maintained and the state downgrade should not be allowed until the disturbance condition is resolved.

9. The environmental control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Start the latch timer. Even if the control criterion meets the reverse switching condition during the latch time, the switching action will not be performed. The duration of the latch time is set based on the speed regulation stabilization time of the exhaust fan (211) and the pressure difference recovery time in the chamber.

10. The environmental control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The full-process data recording steps are as follows: synchronously record the equipment number, timestamp, original and filtered differential pressure values, original and filtered gas concentration values, sampling flow rate and effectiveness status, disturbance flags and trigger action reasons according to the control cycle, forming a traceable operation and maintenance evidence chain.

11. An environmental control system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to periodically collect static pressure difference between the fuel cell stack (11) and the outside world, gas concentration inside the stack, and sampling flow rate data. The validity determination module is used to output the sampling validity result based on whether the sampling flow rate exceeds the allowable deviation range of the target sampling flow rate within a preset time window; The differential pressure change rate acquisition module is used to calculate the differential pressure change rate of static differential pressure within a set period; The operating condition determination module is used to determine that the current condition is a disturbance condition when the sampling validity result is invalid sampling and the differential pressure change rate exceeds the preset change rate limit; otherwise, it is determined to be a non-disturbance condition. The first analysis and control module is used to start the PID voltage regulation algorithm to adjust the frequency of the exhaust fan (211) and the opening of the air supply valve when it is determined that the current condition is a disturbance, so as to maintain the static pressure difference within the preset target range, and at the same time prohibit the use of the gas concentration collected during the disturbance condition to trigger the exhaust gear upgrade. The second analysis and control module is used to compare the filtered gas concentration data with the preset graded safety threshold when the condition is determined to be non-disturbance and the sampling validity is valid. Based on the comparison result, it executes a graded exhaust and power limiting strategy with hysteresis characteristics.

12. A computer device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory, a processor, and a transceiver connected in sequence, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the transceiver is used to send and receive data, and the processor is used to read the computer program and execute the environmental control method as described in any one of claims 5 to 10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, perform the environmental control method as described in any one of claims 5 to 10.

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