Well exploration, groove exploration or hole exploration sampling device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a well exploration, groove exploration or hole exploration sampling device and method, the well exploration, groove exploration or hole exploration sampling device is used for sampling, and the method specifically comprises the following steps that 1, an exploratory well, an exploratory groove or an exploratory hole is excavated; 2, a rectangular sampling pit hole or a sampling pit hole in other shapes is manually formed in the side wall of the exploratory well or the exploratory groove or the exploratory hole, and two symmetrical faces to be sampled are tidied to be flat; step 3, placing a sampling device in the sampling pit hole, wherein the sampling device can be horizontally or vertically placed; 4, sampling a soil sample by operating the sampling device; and step 5, loosening the sampling device to complete the sampling operation of the soil sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of geotechnical engineering, engineering geology and geological disaster investigation technology, and relates to a well exploration, trench exploration or tunnel exploration sampling device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, engineering geology, and geological hazard investigation, exploration methods include drilling, well drilling, trenching, tunneling, in-situ testing, and geophysical exploration. Geotechnical test data is crucial foundational data. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock masses, it is necessary to collect soil and rock samples for laboratory geotechnical testing. When drilling within soil layers, soil samples are collected using the static pressure sampling method. When drilling within rock layers, rock samples are taken from a core column. During well drilling, trenching, or tunneling, soil and rock samples are manually extracted.

[0003] As the most direct means of obtaining first-hand data on soil and rock masses, the scientific rationality of adopting undisturbed soil sampling methods is crucial. It directly affects the accuracy of indoor geotechnical tests and test results, and has a significant impact on whether the soil and rock samples can represent the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and rock masses and the original stress state of the surrounding rock. If the soil and rock samples taken do not meet the requirements, it will seriously mislead engineers' judgment and understanding of the soil and rock masses on site, greatly affecting engineering design and project costs, and even causing engineering accidents. Therefore, it is essential to take undisturbed soil samples through scientific methods.

[0004] When sampling soil in wells, trenches, or tunnels, the common practice is to manually extract soil samples from the sidewalls of the excavated wells, trenches, or tunnels. However, the following problems exist in the actual soil sampling process, making it difficult to obtain good, undisturbed soil samples, which in turn greatly affects the accuracy of laboratory geotechnical test results:

[0005] First, exploratory wells are generally excavated using mechanical Luoyang shovels or manual digging, while exploratory trenches and tunnels are generally excavated using excavators or manual digging. The excavation by construction machinery and manual digging inevitably causes significant disturbance to the soil around the tunnel walls, such as compression and cutting. Soil samples taken from the shallow surface of the tunnel are still within the disturbed layer of the excavation, and the soil samples taken also suffer from significant excavation disturbance.

[0006] Secondly, when manually extracting soil samples, a large piece of soil is typically removed from the side wall of the cavern, and then cut into appropriate sizes and sealed inside a core box. During the soil sample extraction process, human intervention has a significant impact, disrupting the original stress state of the surrounding rock, especially since the lateral confining pressure is completely released. Therefore, the extracted soil sample cannot accurately represent the original stress state of the surrounding rock. The extraction and cutting actions cause significant disturbance to the soil sample, creating micro-cracks or fissures within it. This not only damages the original structure of the soil sample but also leads to significant deviations in the laboratory geotechnical physical and mechanical properties compared to actual values. Furthermore, the size of the cut soil sample cannot perfectly match the size of the core box, making a gap between the soil sample and the core box unavoidable. Although this gap is usually filled with loose soil, it still causes considerable damage to the original stress state and structure of the soil sample during transportation.

[0007] Therefore, when sampling in well exploration, trenching or tunneling for geotechnical engineering, engineering geology and geological hazard investigation, there is an urgent need for a sampling device and method that can solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a well exploration, trench exploration or tunnel exploration sampling device and method to solve the problems that existing geotechnical engineering, engineering geology and geological disaster exploration well exploration, trench exploration or tunnel exploration soil sample extraction technology has a large impact from mechanical and human operation factors, the soil sample is greatly disturbed, the original stress state of the surrounding rock of the soil sample is destroyed, and it cannot meet the requirement of obtaining undisturbed soil samples under the original stress state and original structure of the surrounding rock.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0010] A well, trench, or tunnel sampling device includes a top plate and a bottom plate arranged in parallel and opposite directions; two support arms are symmetrically arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the support arms are screws that can be extended and retracted at both ends; a through screw is fixedly connected to the center of the top plate, and a through hole is formed at the center of the bottom plate; a sampling component is installed on the through screw, and the sampling component reciprocates along the through screw and passes through the through hole of the bottom plate to collect soil samples.

[0011] Furthermore, the sampling assembly includes a cylindrical sampler and a bidirectional hand crank. The outer diameter of the sampler is smaller than the diameter of the central through hole in the base plate. The two outer side walls of the sampler are equipped with limit clamps, and the inner walls of the limit clamps are equipped with rubber pads. The limit clamps are respectively fitted onto the support arms, allowing the sampler to slide along the support arms as a whole. The top of the sampler has a through hole, and a horizontal transmission gear is fixed inside the sampler through a horizontal connecting plate. The free end of the threaded screw passes through the through hole and engages with the threaded inner wall of the horizontal transmission gear. The free end of the threaded screw also has a disc. The lower part of the sampler has a transverse baffle, and the diameter of the through hole in the center of the transverse baffle is larger than the diameter of the disc at the end of the threaded screw. A pad is placed below the transverse baffle, and a sampling ring knife is placed below the pad. The bidirectional hand crank passes through a bearing fixed to the side wall of the sampler and is placed inside the sampler. The end of the bidirectional hand crank is connected to a vertical transmission gear, which meshes with the horizontal transmission gear for transmission.

[0012] Furthermore, the pad is disc-shaped, with a thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm, a height of 1.0–3.0 cm for the annular protrusion around the perimeter, a width of 1.5–2.0 mm for the annular protrusion, a wall thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm for the sampling ring, and the pad fits tightly against the inner wall of the sampler.

[0013] Furthermore, a disc-shaped pad is adsorbed and placed on the transverse baffle inside the sampler, with the opening of the pad facing the soil to be sampled; a sampling ring is adsorbed and placed on the pad, with the cutting edge of the sampling ring facing the soil to be sampled. The sampling ring is a ring used in indoor geotechnical testing, and the sampling ring fits tightly against the inner wall of the sampler, allowing the soil sample to be directly tested on indoor geotechnical testing consolidation apparatus and other testing instruments.

[0014] A well, trench, or cavern sampling method, using a well, trench, or cavern sampling device, specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1. Excavate exploratory wells, trenches, or tunnels;

[0016] Step 2. Manually carve a rectangular or other shaped sampling pit into the side wall of the well, trench, or tunnel, and smooth out the two symmetrical surfaces to be sampled;

[0017] Step 3. Place the sampling device in the sampling pit. The sampling device can be placed horizontally or vertically.

[0018] Step 4. Take soil samples by operating the sampling device;

[0019] Step 5. Loosen the sampling device to complete the soil sample collection operation.

[0020] Further, step 3, placing the sampling device in the sampling pit, specifically involves: placing the top plate and bottom plate on two symmetrical planes, adjusting the extendable screws at both ends of the support arm to ensure that the top plate and bottom plate are in close contact with the soil on the two symmetrical planes to be sampled; attaching the upper limit clamp to the support arm to allow the sampler to slide along the support arm as a whole; adsorbing and placing a disc-shaped pad on the transverse baffle inside the sampler, with the opening of the pad facing the soil to be sampled; adsorbing and placing a sampling ring cutter on the pad, with the cutting edge of the sampling ring cutter facing the soil to be sampled. The sampling ring cutter is a ring cutter used in indoor geotechnical testing, with a wall thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm. The sampling ring cutter fits tightly against the inner wall of the sampler, allowing the soil sample to be directly tested on indoor geotechnical testing consolidation apparatus and other testing instruments.

[0021] Further, step 4. Taking soil samples by operating the sampling device specifically involves:

[0022] Crank the double-sided hand crank clockwise at a constant speed, causing it to rotate within the bearing. This rotation drives the vertical and horizontal transmission gears, allowing the sampler to move smoothly downwards along the support arm and threaded screw, pressing it into the soil to a certain depth at a constant speed before stopping.

[0023] Rotate the double-hand crank counterclockwise at a constant speed to make the sampler move smoothly upward along the support arm and through screw, so that the sampler is extracted from the soil at a constant speed and the soil sample in the sampling ring is smoothly separated from the soil below.

[0024] Continue to crank the double-hand crank counterclockwise at a constant speed. The disc at the end of the threaded screw will push the pad and the sampling ring knife out of the transverse baffle. Remove the sampling ring knife filled with soil sample, smooth the soil sample along the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the sampling ring knife, and seal it with a glass plate in time to complete the collection of one soil sample.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific depth of the sampler in the soil is as follows: when the depth of the sampler in the soil is greater than the height h1 of the sampling ring cutter and not greater than the height h2 from the pad plate to the bottom edge of the sampler, the indentation is terminated. This ensures that the loose soil on the surface of the soil is pushed out of the sampling ring cutter 3, while avoiding compression and disturbance to the soil sample inside the sampling ring cutter 3, and obtaining an undisturbed soil sample in the original stress state of the surrounding rock.

[0026] Further, step 5. Loosening the sampling device to complete the soil sample collection operation specifically involves: adjusting the length of the telescopic screws at both ends of the support arm to detach the top plate and bottom plate from the soil, loosening the sampling device and removing it.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] This device and method are not limited to taking vertical soil samples from the sidewalls of wells, trenches, or tunnels; they can be used to take soil samples from different depths, locations, and directions on the perimeter walls of tunnels as needed. The pad is disc-shaped, made of slightly magnetic steel, with a thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm and a circumferential protrusion with a height of 1.0–3.0 cm and a width of 1.5–2.0 mm. The pad 2 fits tightly against the inner wall of the sampler 1, facilitating the insertion and separation of the pad and sampling ring, and pushing loose soil from the surface of the soil out of the sampling ring to collect undisturbed soil samples from the lower layers. The top plate, bottom plate, and support arm prevent horizontal displacement of the sampling device, ensuring its stability during the sampling process. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pad structure of the well exploration, trench exploration or cavern exploration sampling device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling ring cutter structure of the well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling arrangement of the well exploration, trench exploration, or cave exploration sampling device of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram, 1. Sampler, 2. Pad, 3. Sampling ring cutter, 4. Top plate, 5. Bottom plate, 6. Support arm, 7. Limiting clamp, 8. Two-way hand crank, 9. Bearing, 10. Vertical transmission gear, 11. Horizontal transmission gear, 12. Through thread screw, 13. Horizontal baffle, 14. Horizontal connecting plate, 15. Exploration well, 16. Sampling pit, 17. Sampling device. Detailed Implementation

[0035] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a well, trench, or tunnel sampling device includes a top plate 4 and a bottom plate 5 arranged in parallel and opposite directions; two support arms 6 are symmetrically arranged between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, and the support arms 6 are screws that can be extended and retracted at both ends; a through screw 12 is fixedly connected to the center of the top plate 4, and a through hole is located at the center of the bottom plate 5; the sampling component is installed on the through screw 12, and the sampling component reciprocates along the through screw 12 and passes through the through hole of the bottom plate 5 to collect soil samples.

[0036] The sampling assembly includes a cylindrical sampler 1 and a two-way hand crank 8. The outer diameter of the sampler 1 is smaller than the diameter of the central through hole in the base plate 5. The two outer side walls of the sampler 1 are equipped with limit clamps 7, and the inner wall of the limit clamps 7 is equipped with rubber pads. The limit clamps 7 are respectively fitted onto the support arms 6, allowing the sampler 1 to slide along the support arms 6 as a whole. The top of the sampler 1 has a through hole, and a horizontal transmission gear 11 is fixed inside the sampler 1 through a horizontal connecting plate 14. The free end of the threaded screw 12 passes through the through hole and is connected to the inner wall of the horizontal transmission gear 11. The screw thread engages; the free end of the through screw 12 is also equipped with a disc; the sampler 1 has a transverse baffle 13 at the bottom, the diameter of the through hole in the center of the transverse baffle 13 is larger than the diameter of the disc at the end of the through screw 12; a pad 2 is placed below the transverse baffle 13, and a sampling ring knife 3 is placed below the pad 2; the bidirectional hand crank 8 passes through the bearing 9 fixed to the side wall of the sampler 1 and is placed inside the sampler 1, and the end of the bidirectional hand crank 8 is connected to the vertical transmission gear 10, which meshes with the horizontal transmission gear 11 for transmission.

[0037] The pad 2 is disc-shaped, with a thickness of 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The height of the annular protrusion around the perimeter is 1.0 to 3.0 cm, and the width of the annular protrusion is 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The wall thickness of the sampling ring blade 3 is 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The pad 2 fits tightly against the inner wall of the sampler 1.

[0038] A disc-shaped pad 2 is attached to the transverse baffle 13 inside the sampler 1, with the opening of the pad 2 facing the soil to be sampled; a sampling ring 3 is attached to the pad 2, with the cutting edge of the sampling ring 3 facing the soil to be sampled. The sampling ring 3 is a ring for indoor geotechnical testing. The sampling ring 3 fits tightly against the inner wall of the sampler 1, so that the soil sample taken can be directly tested on indoor geotechnical testing consolidation apparatus and other testing instruments.

[0039] A well, trench, or cavern sampling method, using a well, trench, or cavern sampling device, specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1. Excavate exploratory wells, trenches, or tunnels;

[0041] Step 2. Manually carve a rectangular or other shaped sampling pit into the side wall of the well, trench, or tunnel, and smooth out the two symmetrical surfaces to be sampled;

[0042] Step 3. Place the sampling device in the sampling pit. The sampling device can be placed horizontally or vertically.

[0043] Step 4. Take soil samples by operating the sampling device;

[0044] Step 5. Loosen the sampling device to complete the soil sample collection operation.

[0045] Step 3. The sampling device is placed in the sampling pit as follows: the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 are placed on two symmetrical planes, and the telescopic screws at both ends of the support arm 6 are adjusted so that the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 are in close contact with the soil on the two symmetrical planes to be sampled; the upper limit clamp 7 is attached to the support arm 6 so that the sampler 1 can slide along the support arm 6 as a whole; a disc-shaped pad 2 is attached to the transverse baffle 13 inside the sampler 1, with the opening of the pad 2 facing the soil to be sampled; a sampling ring cutter 3 is attached to the pad 2, with the cutting edge of the sampling ring cutter 3 facing the soil to be sampled. The sampling ring cutter 3 is a ring cutter used in indoor geotechnical testing, with a wall thickness of 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The sampling ring cutter 3 is in close contact with the inner wall of the sampler 1, so that the soil sample taken can be directly tested on indoor geotechnical testing consolidation apparatus and other testing instruments.

[0046] Step 4. Soil sampling is performed by operating the sampling device.

[0047] The double-sided hand crank 8 is cranked clockwise at a constant speed, causing it to rotate within the bearing 9. This drives the vertical transmission gear 10 and the horizontal transmission gear 11 to rotate, causing the sampler 1 to move smoothly downward along the support arm 6 and the threaded screw 12. It is pressed into the soil at a constant speed to a certain depth and then stops, which can avoid uneven cutting and compression disturbance to the soil around the sampler 1.

[0048] Rotate the double-hand crank 8 counterclockwise at a constant speed to make the sampler 1 move smoothly upward along the support arm 6 and the through screw 12, so that the sampler 1 is extracted from the soil body at a constant speed, and the soil sample in the sampling ring cutter 3 is smoothly separated from the soil body below.

[0049] Continue to crank the double-hand crank 8 counterclockwise at a constant speed. The disc at the end of the threaded screw 12 will push the pad 2 and the sampling ring 3 out of the transverse baffle 13. Remove the sampling ring 3 filled with soil sample, smooth the soil sample along the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the sampling ring 3, and seal it with a glass plate in time to complete the collection of one soil sample.

[0050] By repeating step 4, multiple soil samples can be collected at different depths in the same location.

[0051] The specific depth of the sampler 1 into the soil is as follows: when the depth of the sampler 1 into the soil is greater than the height h1 of the sampling ring 3 and not greater than the height h2 from the pad 2 to the bottom edge of the sampler 1, the pressing is terminated. This ensures that the loose soil on the surface of the soil is pushed out of the sampling ring 3, while avoiding compression and disturbance to the soil sample inside the sampling ring 3, so as to obtain an undisturbed soil sample in the original stress state of the surrounding rock.

[0052] Step 5. Loosening the sampling device to complete the soil sample collection operation is as follows: Adjust the length of the telescopic screws at both ends of the support arm 6 so that the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 are separated from the soil, loosen the sampling device 17 and take it out.

Claims

1. A sampling device for well exploration, trenching, or cavern exploration, characterized in that, It includes a top plate (4) and a bottom plate (5) arranged in parallel and opposite directions; two support arms (6) are symmetrically arranged between the top plate (4) and the bottom plate (5), and the support arms (6) are screws that can be extended at both ends; a through screw (12) is fixedly connected to the center of the top plate (4), and a through hole is located in the center of the bottom plate (5); the sampling component is installed on the through screw (12), and the sampling component moves back and forth along the through screw (12) and passes through the through hole of the bottom plate (5) to collect soil samples.

2. The well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling assembly includes a cylindrical sampler (1) and a two-way hand crank (8). The outer diameter of the sampler (1) is smaller than the diameter of the central through hole of the base plate (5). The two outer side walls of the sampler (1) are equipped with limit clamps (7). The limit clamps (7) are respectively fitted onto the support arm (6), so that the sampler (1) can slide along the support arm (6) as a whole. The top of the sampler (1) has a through hole. Inside the sampler (1), a horizontal transmission gear (11) is fixed through a horizontal connecting plate (14). The free end of the threaded screw (12) passes through the through hole and meshes with the threaded inner wall of the horizontal transmission gear (11). The free end of the screw (12) is also equipped with a disc; the sampler (1) has a transverse baffle (13) at the bottom, and the diameter of the through hole in the center of the transverse baffle (13) is larger than the diameter of the disc at the end of the screw (12); the pad (2) is adsorbed and placed below the transverse baffle (13), and the sampling ring knife (3) is adsorbed and placed below the pad (2); the bidirectional hand crank (8) passes through the bearing (9) fixed to the side wall of the sampler (1) and is placed inside the sampler (1), and the end of the bidirectional hand crank (8) is connected to the vertical transmission gear (10), and the vertical transmission gear (10) meshes with the horizontal transmission gear (11) for transmission.

3. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pad (2) is disc-shaped and made of slightly magnetic steel. The pad (2) is 1.5-2.0 mm thick, and the height of the annular protrusion around the perimeter is 1.0-3.0 cm, and the width of the annular protrusion is 1.5-2.0 mm. The sampling ring knife (3) has a wall thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm. Both the pad (2) and the sampling ring knife (3) are tightly fitted to the inner wall of the sampler (1).

4. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the limiting clamp (7) is equipped with a rubber pad.

5. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The disc-shaped pad (2) is adsorbed and placed on the transverse baffle (13) inside the sampler (1), with the opening of the pad (2) facing the soil to be sampled; the sampling ring (3) is adsorbed and placed on the pad (2), with the cutting edge of the sampling ring (3) facing the soil to be sampled. The sampling ring (3) is a ring for indoor geotechnical testing. The sampling ring (3) is closely attached to the inner wall of the sampler (1), so that the soil sample taken can be directly tested on indoor geotechnical testing consolidation apparatus and other testing instruments.

6. A method for well, trench, or cavern sampling, using the well, trench, or cavern sampling apparatus according to claims 1-5, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1. Excavate exploratory wells, trenches, or tunnels; Step 2. Manually carve a rectangular or other shaped sampling pit into the side wall of the well, trench, or tunnel, and smooth out the two symmetrical surfaces to be sampled; Step 3. Place the sampling device in the sampling pit. The sampling device can be placed horizontally or vertically. Step 4. Take soil samples by operating the sampling device; Step 5. Loosen the sampling device to complete the soil sample collection operation.

7. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 3. The sampling device is placed in the sampling pit as follows: the top plate (4) and the bottom plate (5) are placed on two symmetrical planes, and the telescopic screws at both ends of the support arm (6) are adjusted so that the top plate (4) and the bottom plate (5) are in close contact with the soil on the two symmetrical planes to be sampled; the upper limit clamp (7) is put on the support arm (6) so that the sampler (1) can slide along the support arm (6) as a whole; a disc-shaped pad is adsorbed and placed on the transverse baffle (13) inside the sampler (1). Plate (2), the opening of the pad (2) faces the soil to be sampled; the sampling ring (3) is placed on the pad (2) with the cutting edge of the sampling ring (3) facing the soil to be sampled. The sampling ring (3) is a ring for indoor geotechnical testing. The wall thickness of the sampling ring is 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The sampling ring (3) is closely attached to the inner wall of the sampler (1), so that the soil sample taken can be directly tested on indoor geotechnical testing consolidation apparatus and other testing instruments.

8. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 4. Soil sampling is performed by operating the sampling device. The double-hand crank (8) is cranked clockwise at a constant speed, causing the double-hand crank (8) to rotate in the bearing (9), which drives the vertical transmission gear (10) and the horizontal transmission gear (11) to rotate, so that the sampler (1) moves smoothly downward along the support arm (6) and the threaded screw (12), and stops after being pressed into the soil at a certain depth at a constant speed. Shake the double-hand crank (8) counterclockwise at a constant speed to make the sampler (1) move smoothly upward along the support arm (6) and the through screw (12), so that the sampler (1) is extracted from the soil body at a constant speed, and the soil sample in the sampling ring (3) is smoothly separated from the soil body below. Continue to crank the double-hand crank (8) counterclockwise at a constant speed. The disc at the end of the threaded screw (12) will push the pad (2) and the sampling ring (3) out of the transverse baffle (13). Remove the sampling ring (3) filled with soil sample. Repair the soil sample along the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the sampling ring (3) and seal it with a glass plate in time to complete the collection of a soil sample.

9. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific depth of the soil penetration is as follows: when the depth of the sampler (1) penetration into the soil is greater than the height h1 of the sampling ring (3) and not greater than the height h2 of the pad (2) to the bottom edge of the sampler (1), the penetration is terminated, which can avoid uneven cutting and compression disturbance of the soil around the sampler 1.

10. A well exploration, trench exploration, or cavern exploration sampling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 4. Loosening the sampling device to complete the soil sample collection operation is as follows: Adjust the length of the telescopic screws at both ends of the support arm (6) so that the top plate (4) and bottom plate (5) are separated from the soil, loosen the sampling device (17) and take it out.

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