Rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring blast orifice gas ejection quantity

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of simulation test devices, in particular to rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring blast orifice gas ejection quantity, which comprises a simulation seat, a gun column and a test cylinder, the gun column is arranged in the test cylinder, and the test cylinder is detachably mounted on the simulation seat; a fracture simulation unit is arranged in the simulation seat, the fracture simulation unit comprises a plurality of bionic fracture modules which can act cooperatively, the plurality of bionic fracture modules jointly enclose to form a central fracturing area, and the central fracturing area has a fracture stable form and a fracture extension form; a negative pressure chamber is arranged in the simulation seat; an impact unit is arranged at the bottom in the gun column, and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring data and analyzing blasting data; the technical problem that the action mechanism of blasting cracks and hydrology on explosion cannot be evaluated due to the fact that the blasting phenomenon and the integrated crack evolution, gas escape and water seepage complete causal chain under complex geological conditions cannot be simulated in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of simulation test device technology, specifically to a rock blasting test device that can measure the amount of gas ejected from a blast hole. Background Technology

[0002] When conducting multiple delayed blasting operations in complex geological conditions such as underground fault zones and weak interlayers, a core problem that has long plagued engineering practice is the abnormal leakage of blasting energy and the sharp decline in efficiency. "Dry blasting" (or "air blasting") is a typical and extremely dangerous manifestation of this. Current research on the blasting process largely focuses on the propagation and fracturing mechanisms of explosive stress waves in intact rock masses or homogeneous media. However, for interwoven networks rich in primary fractures and joints, especially in fault zones with water-retaining properties, the unique blasting response mechanisms lack in-depth understanding and effective simulation methods. The first blast, located at the bottom, not only breaks the target rock and soil but also violently disturbs and activates the surrounding complex primary fracture system. This causes the fractures to rapidly expand and connect, forming a wide and well-connected pre-damage zone. This process not only accelerates the seepage of water within the fractures, altering local hydrogeological conditions, but more importantly, it provides a priority escape route for the high-pressure gas from subsequent blasting operations. When the second blast is carried out in the adjacent upper area, the high-pressure explosive gas, before it can fully work to break the rock, will rapidly rush in and leak in large quantities through the fracture network strengthened and expanded by the first blast. This directly leads to a significant reduction in the effective quasi-static pressure acting on the rock mass around the blast hole, resulting in insufficient rock fragmentation, weakened throwing energy, and a significant reduction in blasting efficiency. In severe cases, the gas escapes almost entirely along the fractures, producing a "blasting" phenomenon. This not only results in a huge waste of explosive energy but may also cause unexpected rock mass slippage, working face instability, or even serious engineering safety accidents due to the disorderly flow of gas.

[0003] Current simulations cannot replicate this crucial "pre-damage" evolution process. This leads to "blank shots" or "dry shots" during subsequent blasts, where high-pressure gas escapes in large quantities through the fracture channels established by the initial blast, rendering the gas ineffective. These phenomena are difficult to observe and study systematically in the laboratory. Furthermore, the complete causal chain of blasting-fracture evolution-gas escape-water seepage cannot be integrated. Researchers and engineers struggle to assess the true efficiency of sequential blasting in complex geological formations, predict the risk of energy leakage, and effectively study the hydrological effects on the explosion. This disconnect between theory and experiment means that blasting design schemes often rely on macroscopic experience rather than precise data, which not only affects blasting effectiveness but also directly impacts construction safety.

[0004] Therefore, the inventors have proposed a rock blasting test device that can measure the amount of gas ejected from the borehole, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rock blasting test device that can measure the amount of gas ejected from the borehole, in order to solve the technical problem that existing technologies cannot simulate the "blasting" phenomenon under complex geological conditions and integrate the complete causal chain of fracture evolution, gas escape and water seepage, resulting in the inability to assess the mechanism of blasting fractures and hydrology on the blasting effect.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A rock blasting test device for measuring the amount of gas ejected from a blast hole includes a simulation base, a blasting column, and a test cylinder. The blasting column is disposed inside the test cylinder, and the test cylinder is detachably mounted on the simulation base. The simulation base is equipped with a crack simulation unit, which includes multiple biomimetic crack modules that can work together. The multiple biomimetic crack modules together enclose a central crack-causing region, which has a crack stability morphology and a crack propagation morphology. The simulation seat is equipped with a negative pressure chamber; An impact unit is provided at the bottom of the barrel, and the impact unit is located at the axial center of the central fracturing zone. The blast energy drives the impact unit to generate axial displacement, thereby triggering the fracture simulation unit to change from the stable fracture state to the fracture expansion state, so as to dynamically simulate the expansion and penetration process of the original fracture at the bottom of the borehole under the blast impact. When the fracture simulation unit changes shape, the synchronous movement of each biomimetic fracture module breaks the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber, so as to simulate the high-pressure gas escape channel. It also includes a data acquisition unit for collecting and analyzing blasting data.

[0007] Furthermore, the simulation base includes a simulation cylinder and a cover plate. The cover plate is detachably installed on the top of the simulation cylinder. Multiple partitions are provided on the inner side wall of the simulation cylinder. Each partition plate and the cover plate together enclose the negative pressure chamber. Several negative pressure pipes are connected to the simulation cylinder, and each negative pressure pipe communicates with the corresponding negative pressure chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the biomimetic crack module includes a fixed plate and two crack deformation components, the two crack deformation components being symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate; The fixing plate is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the simulation seat, and the fixing plate is located between two adjacent partitions.

[0009] Furthermore, the crack deformation member includes a plurality of crack plates arranged in parallel with each other, and a first connecting rod is hinged to each crack plate. The center of the first connecting rod is hinged to the crack plate, and the two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged to two adjacent crack plates. A second connecting rod is hinged to the fixed plate, and the free end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the slit plate.

[0010] The expansion motion eventually caused the spikes on the outside of the slit plate to pierce the adjacent partition, laying the structural foundation for subsequent simulations of gas leakage.

[0011] Furthermore, several seepage elements are arranged in parallel between two adjacent fracture plates; The seepage component includes a first seepage plate and a second seepage plate. The first seepage plate has a seepage cavity filled with seepage liquid. The second seepage plate is slidably connected to the seepage cavity. The first seepage plate and the second seepage plate are respectively hinged to two adjacent fissure plates.

[0012] The first seepage plate has multiple seepage holes, and a pressure switch is installed in each seepage hole; The pressure switch includes a base fixedly installed inside the seepage hole. A water flow channel is provided inside the base. A first spring and a sealing ball are provided inside the water flow channel. The first spring has the tendency to drive the sealing ball to block the water flow channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the impact unit includes a rod, a wooden disc, a steel disc, and a conical section. The wooden disc is located at the top of the rod, the conical section is located at the bottom of the rod, the steel disc is slidably mounted on the rod, the cross-section of the conical section increases sequentially from bottom to top, and the taper of the conical section is fixed or adjustable.

[0014] Furthermore, the tapered portion includes a plurality of metal rods surrounding the rod body; The metal rod includes a first hinge rod, a second hinge rod, and a sliding sleeve. The bottom of the first hinge rod is hinged to the bottom of the rod body. The sliding sleeve is slidably fitted onto the rod body. One end of the second hinge rod is hinged to the sliding sleeve, and the other end of the second hinge rod is hinged to the first hinge rod. When the sliding sleeve moves downward, it causes all the first hinge rods to rotate, thereby changing the taper of the tapered portion. As the sliding sleeve moves downward, the taper of the tapered portion expands outward.

[0015] Furthermore, the first hinge rod is provided with a mounting groove, and the other end of the second hinge rod can slide within the mounting groove. A second spring is provided within the mounting groove, and the second spring abuts against the second hinge rod to limit the sliding of the second hinge rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the partition is made of rubber, and the slit plate has spikes on the side near the partition that can pierce the partition.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This application, through the coordinated design of a biomimetic fracture module and a negative pressure chamber, for the first time in a laboratory setting, fully reproduces the dynamic process of blasting in underground fault zones, including the formation of a pre-damage zone and the escape of blasting gas along the fracture. The design of the fracture plate spikes piercing the partition, combined with the quantitative capture of pressure transients in the negative pressure chamber by pressure sensors, transforms the blasting phenomenon from uncontrollable field observations into quantifiable laboratory parameters, solving the problem that existing technologies cannot simulate the synergistic effect of fracture propagation and gas leakage.

[0018] This application establishes a coupled quantitative model of fracture evolution, gas escape, and water seepage. Through the coordinated operation of the pressure switch of the seepage component and the liquid flow meter, this invention, for the first time, incorporates three key parameters—fracture opening, gas leakage, and water inrush flow rate—into a unified experimental framework. It can simulate the water pressure seepage response caused by blasting and establish a quantitative relationship model of fracture expansion, gas leakage flow rate, and water inrush rate, providing data support for risk assessment of blasting in water-rich strata.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from practice of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained through the detailed embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention after the test cylinder is hidden; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure behind the hidden cover plate, which is in a stable state of crack and has not pierced the partition. Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure behind the hidden cover plate, in a state of crack expansion, piercing the partition. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a half-section view in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fracture simulation unit in the present invention in a stable fracture state. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the crack simulation unit in the crack propagation morphology of the present invention; Figure 8 In this invention Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a partial structure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biomimetic crack module in the present invention when the crack is in a stable state. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biomimetic crack module in the crack propagation state in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seepage element in this invention; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the split structure; Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the seepage element of the present invention; Figure 14 In this invention Figure 13 A magnified structural diagram of part A; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the impact unit in this invention; Figure 16 In this invention Figure 15 A partial structural diagram.

[0021] The components include: simulation base 1, simulation cylinder 11, cover plate 12, negative pressure pipe 13, partition plate 14, gun column 2, test cylinder 3, crack simulation unit 4, biomimetic crack module 5, fixing plate 51, crack deformation component 52, crack plate 521, first connecting rod 522, second connecting rod 523, seepage component 524, first seepage plate 5241, second seepage plate 5242, seepage cavity 5243, seepage hole 5244, negative pressure chamber 6, impact unit 7, rod body 71, wooden disc 72, steel disc 73, conical part 74, metal rod 741, first hinge rod 7411, second hinge rod 7412, sliding sleeve 7413, mounting groove 7414, second spring 7415, pressure switch 8, base 81, water flow channel 82, first spring 83, and sealing ball 84. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0024] This embodiment proposes a rock blasting test device capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole, such as... Figures 1 to 16 As shown, it includes a simulation base 1, a gun column 2, and a test cylinder 3. The gun column 2 is set inside the test cylinder 3, and the test cylinder 3 is detachably installed on the simulation base 1 by means of bolt connection. The gun column 2 and the test cylinder 3 are concrete structures, while the simulation base 1 is a steel structure.

[0025] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the simulation base 1 contains a crack simulation unit 4, which includes multiple biomimetic crack modules 5 that can work together. These multiple biomimetic crack modules 5 together enclose a central crack-inducing region, which has a stable crack morphology (e.g., Figure 6 ) and crack propagation morphology (such as Figure 7 ),like Figure 3 As shown, a negative pressure chamber 6 is provided inside the simulation seat 1.

[0026] like Figure 5 As shown, an impact unit 7 is provided at the bottom of the gun barrel 2. The impact unit 7 corresponds to the axial position of the central fracture zone. The blast energy drives the impact unit 7 to generate axial displacement, which in turn triggers the fracture simulation unit 4 to change from a stable fracture state to a fracture expansion state, so as to dynamically simulate the expansion and penetration process of the original fracture at the bottom of the gun hole under the blast impact. When the fracture simulation unit 4 changes form, the synchronous movement of each biomimetic fracture module 5 destroys the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber 6, so as to simulate the high-pressure gas escape channel.

[0027] In the assembled equipment, the barrel 2 filled with explosive strings is placed inside the test cylinder 3. The explosive strings are detonated sequentially from bottom to top, with the bottom impact unit 7 directly facing the central fracturing zone inside the simulation base 1. At the start of the simulation test, the explosive strings inside the barrel 2 are detonated, and the resulting high-pressure explosive gas and shock wave act as the driving source, violently driving the impact unit 7 to produce axial displacement downwards. The downward-moving impact unit 7 acts on the original fracture, mechanically opening the central fracturing zone, forcibly triggering the fracture simulation unit 4 to dynamically transform from the initial stable fracture state simulating the closed state of the original fracture to the fracture expansion state simulating the expansion and penetration state of the fracture, thus for the first time in the experiment... The key geomechanical process of the initial blasting forming the pre-damage zone is as follows: During the morphological transformation, the coordinated expansion movement of each biomimetic fracture module 5 will physically puncture, tear, or displace the sealing structure associated with the negative pressure chamber 6, thereby destroying the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber 6, which is equivalent to opening a high-pressure gas escape channel in the rock mass; when the high-pressure gas generated by the subsequent blast (or the subsequent gas expansion stage of the same blast) arrives in this area, it will quickly rush into and leak into the negative pressure chamber 6 through this simulated channel, instead of fully acting on the surrounding medium. Thus, the core physical mechanism of the "blasting" or "blank blasting" phenomenon on site is accurately reproduced at the laboratory scale.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the simulation base 1 includes a simulation cylinder 11 and a cover plate 12. The cover plate 12 is detachably installed on the top of the simulation cylinder 11 by means of bolt connection. A plurality of partitions 14 are provided on the inner side wall of the simulation cylinder 11. The partitions 14 are preferably made of rubber. Each partition 14 and the cover plate 12 together form a negative pressure chamber 6. A plurality of negative pressure pipes 13 are connected to the simulation cylinder 11, and each negative pressure pipe 13 communicates with the negative pressure chamber 6.

[0029] In this embodiment, the simulation cylinder 11 and the cover plate 12 together form a basic sealed space, providing the main structure for simulating underground rock strata. The interior of the simulation cylinder 11 is divided by multiple partitions 14, thereby forming multiple independent negative pressure chambers 6. This partitioned design allows the equipment to simulate the differentiated responses of different scale fracture networks in the rock mass to gas leakage. During the test preparation stage, the negative pressure chambers 6 are evacuated by external vacuum equipment (such as a negative pressure pump) through the various negative pressure pipes 13 connected to the simulation cylinder 11, so that the interior reaches and maintains a stable negative pressure (i.e., below atmospheric pressure). The negative pressure state simulates the initial conditions under which the fractures in the original underground rock are closed or have not been invaded by high-pressure gas. When the explosion occurs and the fracture simulation unit 4 is triggered, the moving biomimetic fracture module 5 will pierce or tear open the adjacent partition 14, instantly destroying the airtightness of the specific negative pressure chamber 6. At this time, the atmospheric pressure of the external environment is higher than the internal pressure of the negative pressure chamber 6, forming a pressure difference. This pressure difference will cause the external air to rush into the negative pressure chamber 6 through the opening of the destroyed partition 14. This physical process is used to simulate the "blasting" phenomenon in which a large amount of high-pressure explosion gas escapes along the newly formed fracture channel.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the biomimetic crack module 5 includes a fixed plate 51 and two crack deformation components 52. The two crack deformation components 52 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate 51. The fixed plate 51 is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the simulation base 1, and the fixed plate 51 is located between two adjacent partitions 14. The crack deformation component 52 includes several crack plates 521 arranged parallel to each other. Each crack plate 521 is hinged with a first connecting rod 522. The center of the first connecting rod 522 is hinged to the crack plate 521, and the two ends of the first connecting rod 522 are respectively hinged to two adjacent crack plates 521. A second connecting rod 523 is hinged to the fixed plate 51. The second connecting rod 523 is hinged to the crack plate 521. The first connecting rod 522 and the second connecting rod 523 are arranged in parallel.

[0031] In this embodiment, the entire biomimetic fracture module 5 uses a fixed plate 51 as a stable base. Two sets of symmetrically arranged fracture deformation components 52 jointly define the initial boundary of the central fracture zone. Under the initial fracture stability state, each fracture plate 521 remains in a closed, compact state under the mutual hinge and constraint of the first connecting rod 522 and the second connecting rod 523, simulating the closure and stability conditions of the original fracture system in the underground rock mass under the original geostress. When the blast occurs, the impact unit 7 moves downward axially and acts on the central fracture zone, and the resulting radial expansion force is applied to the innermost fracture plate 521. This force is transmitted through the first connecting rod 522 and the second connecting rod 523, thereby pushing the entire fracture plate 521. The movement begins; during this process, the displacement of any fracture plate 521 is forcibly and synchronously transmitted to the adjacent fracture plates 521 through the first link 522 and the second link 523; thus, the initial local triggering of the impact unit 7 is transformed into a coordinated, outward radial expansion movement of all fracture plates 521 through this composite link system composed of the first link 522 and the second link 523, thereby transforming the central fracture zone from a contracted, stable fracture state to an open, expanded fracture expansion state, simulating the dynamic geological process of the expansion, opening, and interconnection of the original fracture network caused by the on-site blasting stress wave; the side of the fracture plate 521 near the partition 14 has spikes, such as Figure 10 As shown, the spikes are located at the top of the slit plate 521. The spikes can pierce the partition 14. When the explosion causes the slit plate 521 to move, the movement of the expanding slit plate 521 eventually causes the spikes on the outside of the slit plate 521 to pierce the adjacent partition 14, laying the structural foundation for subsequent simulated gas leakage.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of seepage elements 524 are arranged in parallel between two adjacent fracture plates 521; such as Figures 11 to 13 As shown, the seepage component 524 includes a first seepage plate 5241 and a second seepage plate 5242. The first seepage plate 5241 has a seepage cavity 5243, which is filled with seepage fluid. The second seepage plate 5242 is slidably connected to the seepage cavity 5243. The first seepage plate 5241 and the second seepage plate 5242 are respectively hinged to two adjacent fissure plates 521. The first seepage plate 5241 has multiple seepage holes 5244. A pressure switch 8 is provided in each seepage hole 5244. The pressure switch 8 includes a base 81 fixedly installed in the seepage hole 5244. A water flow channel 82 is provided in the base 81. A first spring 83 and a sealing ball 84 are provided in the water flow channel 82. The first spring 83 has a tendency to drive the sealing ball 84 to block the water flow channel 82.

[0033] In the initial state, the seepage fluid filling the seepage cavity 5243 simulates groundwater existing in rock fissures. At this time, the pre-tightening force of the first spring 83 in the pressure switch 8 forces the sealing ball 84 to press tightly against the sealing seat, completely sealing the water flow channel 82, simulating the relatively stable original hydrogeological conditions of groundwater in an undisturbed closed fissure. When the blast occurs and the fissure simulation unit 4 is triggered, the two adjacent fissure plates 521 undergo relative separation movement under the drive of the linkage mechanism. The distance between the fissure plates 521 gradually decreases, forcing the first seepage plate 5241 and the second seepage plate 5242 to undergo relative displacement. Specifically, the second seepage plate 5242 slides into the seepage cavity 5243, thereby rapidly compressing the volume of the seepage cavity 5243. The seepage fluid in the seepage cavity 5243 is rapidly compressed. Rapid compression causes a sudden increase in internal pressure. When the hydraulic pressure rises to a level sufficient to overcome the preset preload of the first spring 83, the hydraulic pressure will push the sealing ball 84 to compress the spring, thereby opening the water flow channel 82. At this moment, the high-pressure driven seepage fluid is immediately ejected from multiple seepage holes 5244, simulating the situation of "water inrush" or accelerated seepage of groundwater into the newly formed fracture space caused by the dynamic expansion and penetration of fractures during on-site blasting. This process not only realistically reproduces the impact of changes in hydrogeological conditions on engineering safety, but also allows for the setting of different water inrush pressure thresholds by changing the preload (elastic modulus) of the first spring 83, which can be used to study the seepage response of blasting under different water pressure conditions, providing key experimental observation methods and data support for assessing the risks of blasting operations in water-rich strata.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the impact unit 7 includes a rod 71, a wooden disc 72, a steel disc 73, and a conical part 74. The wooden disc 72 is disposed at the top of the rod 71, the conical part 74 is disposed at the bottom of the rod 71, and the steel disc 73 is slidably disposed on the rod 71. The cross-section of the conical part 74 increases from bottom to top, and the taper of the conical part 74 is fixed. Preferably, the conical part 74 is a steel cone with an inverted conical structure.

[0035] In the initial state, the wooden disc 72, due to its easily compressible and deformable characteristics, is located at the bottom of the gun column 2. After the explosive string above the wooden disc 72 explodes, the wooden disc 72 is shattered and partially absorbs the components of the explosion energy, while the steel disc 73, as a mass block and inertial body, is slidably fitted onto the rod 71 to store kinetic energy and ensure the continuity of the impact. When the explosive inside the gun column 2 is detonated, the high-pressure explosive gas and shock wave generated first act on the wooden disc 72 and the steel disc 73. The huge energy drives the entire impact unit 7 (including the rod 71, the steel disc 73, and the conical part 74) to produce a rapid downward displacement along the axial direction as a whole. The conical part 74 located at the bottom of the rod 71 then invades the central fracture zone. Its cross-section, which gradually narrows from top to bottom, can efficiently convert the downward axial displacement into a radial expansion force on the surrounding biomimetic fracture module 5, like a mechanical "wedge" forcibly opening the fracture system, thereby reliably triggering the fracture simulation unit 4 to undergo its first transformation from a closed fracture stable state to a through fracture expansion state.

[0036] In another embodiment, the taper of the tapered portion 74 can be adjusted. The tapered portion 74 includes a plurality of metal rods 741 surrounding the rod body 71, and the plurality of metal rods 741 together surround and enclose to form the tapered portion 74. In a preferred embodiment, the metal rods 741 include a first hinge rod 7411, a second hinge rod 7412, and a sliding sleeve 7413. The bottom of the first hinge rod 7411 is hinged to the bottom of the rod body 71, the sliding sleeve 7413 is slidably sleeved on the rod body 71, one end of the second hinge rod 7412 is hinged to the sliding sleeve 7413, and the other end of the second hinge rod 7412 is hinged to the middle position of the first hinge rod 7411. When the sliding sleeve 7413 moves downward, it causes all the first hinge rods 7411 to change their angle, thereby changing the taper of the tapered portion 74. When the explosive at the bottom of the explosive string detonates (the first detonation), the explosive energy drives the entire impact unit 7 (including the rod 71, the sliding sleeve 7413, and all metal rods 741 as a whole) downwards. The conical part 74 penetrates the central fracture zone with an initial, small taper, completing the first opening action. This transforms the fracture simulation unit 4 from a stable fracture state to a preliminary fracture propagation state. This process simulates the establishment of an initial pre-damage channel by the explosive energy in the original fracture zone. In this embodiment, the form of a relatively hard underground rock layer is simulated. At this time, due to the presence of a hard rock layer below or the reaching of a predetermined mechanical stop position, the axial displacement of the entire conical part 74 is restricted, and it cannot continue to move downwards. This simulates the actual situation where the fracture depth of the first detonation is limited and the energy cannot propagate downwards indefinitely. The subsequent detonation of the explosive string (the second detonation or the subsequent gas expansion stage of the same detonation) generates energy... The main action is on the steel disc 73, which drives the sliding sleeve 7413 to slide downward relative to the jammed rod 71. The downward movement of the sliding sleeve 7413, through the second hinge rod 7412 that is hinged to it, forces the upper middle part of the first hinge rod 7411 to rotate outward around the bottom hinge point, thereby increasing the overall taper of the conical part 74 formed by all the metal rods 741, and realizing radial secondary expansion. This taper amplification effect applies a wider and stronger radial expansion force to the fracture network that has been initially expanded, thereby forcing the fracture simulation unit 4 to further transform from the initial expansion form into a secondary expansion form with a larger range and higher opening. Thus, in the laboratory, the complete physical process of subsequent explosion energy using the previously formed pre-damaged area as a basis to further expand and penetrate the fracture network, and ultimately lead to increased energy leakage, is completely and realistically reproduced. It should be noted that the momentum of the first and second explosions of the explosive string can be preset. According to the essential spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art can determine the amount of explosive required for the first and second explosions through a limited number of experiments, so as to realize the kinetic energy of the impact unit 7 driven by the first and second explosions respectively.

[0037] In another embodiment, this embodiment differs from the above embodiment in that the first hinge rod 7411 is provided with a mounting groove 7414, the other end of the second hinge rod 7412 can slide within the mounting groove 7414, and a second spring 7415 is provided within the mounting groove 7414. The second spring 7415 abuts against the second hinge rod 7412 to limit the sliding of the second hinge rod 7412. Although the first blast compresses the second spring 7415, it resets between the first and second blasts to simulate the situation where the gas flow generated before the second blast fills and compresses the existing fracture space. During the subsequent second blast, the generated explosive gas drives the steel disc 73 and the sliding sleeve 7413 to continue moving downwards. The force applied to the second hinge rod 7412 will compress the second spring 7415 again, causing the second hinge rod 7412 to slide in the mounting groove 7414. This process simulates the stage where blast energy accumulates in the pre-damaged rock mass and overcomes its residual shear strength. This, combined with the subsequent blast driving force, acts on the first hinge rod 7411, causing it to produce an accelerated, sudden outward rotation, thereby achieving a sudden increase in the taper of the cone 74 and a violent secondary expansion of the fracture network. The simulation demonstrated the complex dynamic process in which energy must first fill and compress existing fracture spaces during secondary blasting in the field until the stress exceeds the critical point before macroscopic fracturing of the rock mass can be triggered. This greatly improved the fidelity of the experimental simulation and the scientific value of the data.

[0038] This application also includes a data acquisition unit for acquiring and analyzing blasting data. The data acquisition unit is a multi-sensor synchronous acquisition system. The core hardware of the data acquisition unit includes pressure sensors, displacement sensors, a high-speed camera system, a liquid flow meter, and a central data acquisition and processing unit. In terms of installation and deployment, the pressure sensors are directly connected in series with each negative pressure pipe 13 of the simulation cylinder 11 via a three-way connector, ensuring that the sensing diaphragm of the pressure sensor is in full contact with the airflow in the pipe, so as to directly capture the millisecond-level pressure transient data of each independent negative pressure chamber 6 from the moment the rubber partition 14 is punctured until the pressure reaches equilibrium. The displacement sensors (using non-contact laser displacement gauges or built-in draw-wire encoders) are precisely focused and installed: one set is aligned with the top of the rod 71 of the impact unit 7 to measure the axial displacement of the entire unit during the first blast; the other set is aligned with a specific reference surface of the sliding sleeve 7413 to measure the sliding displacement of the sliding sleeve 7413 relative to the rod 71 during the second blast. Multiple cameras in the high-speed camera system are arranged in a circular pattern at different angles. One camera shoots from above to record the overall opening process of the central fracture zone, while another shoots from the side to capture the radial expansion details of a specific fracture plate group 521. The frame rate needs to be set to over a thousand frames per second to freeze the high-speed dynamic process. Liquid flow meters (such as miniature turbine flow meters or ultrasonic flow meters) are installed at the outlet of the seepage holes 5244 of one or more seepage elements 524 to quantitatively record the liquid jet flow rate during the water inrush process. All sensors are connected to a high-speed multi-channel data acquisition instrument via shielded data cables. The high-speed multi-channel data acquisition instrument is responsible for powering the sensors, receiving signals, and performing synchronous triggering and data recording based on a unified time base.

[0039] The precise mapping between the data acquisition process and the physical process is achieved in the simulation experiment. The workflow of the data acquisition unit is closely coupled with the blasting physical process, realizing a fully digital mapping. At the moment the experiment starts, the data acquisition instrument receives the trigger signal from the blasting ignition system, and all sensors enter the synchronous recording state. First stage (initial blast and pre-damage zone formation): The displacement sensor records the downward displacement-time curve of the entire impact unit 7, and its integral area reflects the momentum of the first impact; during this stage, the pressure sensor readings usually remain stable, confirming the initial sealing of the negative pressure chamber 6. Second stage (secondary blast and energy leakage): The displacement sensor captures the delayed individual sliding of the sliding sleeve 7413. The displacement and the pre-compression of the built-in second spring 7415 together determine the trigger threshold of the secondary expansion; by integrating the pressure recovery curve, combined with the known volume of the chamber and the gas state equation, the equivalent gas volume and peak flow rate escaping through the simulated fracture channel can be calculated, thereby directly quantifying the energy loss of the "blast". At the same time, if the expansion of the crack triggers the pressure switch 8 of the seepage element 524, the flow meter will simultaneously record the flow process line of the sudden water.

[0040] After data acquisition, all time-history data (pressure, displacement, flow rate) were imported into a professional analysis software on a host computer. The software aligned all data streams using timestamps, enabling researchers to perform cross-correlation analysis. During the experimental preparation phase, air was first pumped from each known-volume negative pressure chamber 6 within the simulation base 1 using an external vacuum device via negative pressure pipe 13, achieving and maintaining a stable negative pressure state. This state not only simulated the original rock stress conditions but, more importantly, established a quantifiable initial pressure benchmark for calculating the gas ejection rate. When the blast occurred, the impact unit 7 triggered the dynamic expansion of the fracture simulation unit 4, and its spikes simultaneously pierced the rubber partition 14, which served as the sealing boundary, thus creating a fracture zone at the bottom of the simulated borehole and a negative pressure chamber. A physical gas escape channel is established between chambers 6, accurately reproducing the "blasting" phenomenon. At this moment, the external atmosphere will rapidly rush into the negative pressure chamber 6 under the pressure difference. The pressure sensor connected to the negative pressure pipe 13 will then capture and record the complete transient curve of the chamber pressure recovering from the initial negative pressure value to atmospheric pressure in real time. Finally, based on the ideal gas law, the known chamber volume and the recorded pressure change data are integrated to indirectly and inversely calculate the equivalent gas volume and instantaneous flow rate escaping through the simulated fracture network. This transforms the gas leakage problem, which is difficult to measure directly and is distributed in complex fractures, into a physical process that can be monitored and quantified in a closed chamber, realizing a quantitative assessment of the scale of blasting energy leakage. Simultaneously, comparing the starting points of the displacement curve and pressure recovery curve of the sliding sleeve 7413 allows for the analysis of the temporal relationship between secondary blast energy accumulation and gas leakage initiation. Regression analysis of the expansion displacement of the fracture plate 521 and the amount of gas escape establishes a quantitative relationship model of "fracture opening degree - leakage flow rate." Overlaying the water inrush flow data with fracture expansion images clearly reveals the specific impact of changes in hydrogeological conditions on the blasting effect. Finally, the data acquisition unit integrates four originally isolated phenomena—pre-damage formed by the initial blast, secondary fracture expansion caused by subsequent blasts, accompanying gas escape, and water seepage—into a complete and repeatable causal chain database with precise time correlation and quantitative physical quantities. This provides researchers with unprecedented high-quality experimental data support for accurately assessing the true efficiency of blasting, predicting energy leakage risk points, and studying the mechanism of hydrological effects on explosions. This invention has high application value.

[0041] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock blasting test device capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from a blast hole, characterized in that, include: The simulation base (1), the gun column (2) and the test tube (3) are provided, wherein the gun column (2) is disposed inside the test tube (3) and the test tube (3) is detachably mounted on the simulation base (1); The simulation base (1) is equipped with a crack simulation unit (4), which includes multiple biomimetic crack modules (5) that can work together. The multiple biomimetic crack modules (5) together enclose a central crack-causing zone, which has a crack stability morphology and a crack propagation morphology. The simulation seat (1) is provided with a negative pressure chamber (6); An impact unit (7) is provided at the bottom of the barrel (2). The impact unit (7) is located at the axial center of the central fracture zone. The blast energy drives the impact unit (7) to generate axial displacement, thereby triggering the fracture simulation unit (4) to change from the fracture stable state to the fracture expansion state. When the fracture simulation unit (4) changes its state, the synchronous movement of each of the biomimetic fracture modules (5) breaks the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber (6) to simulate the high-pressure gas escape channel. It also includes a data acquisition unit for collecting and analyzing blasting data.

2. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulation base (1) includes a simulation cylinder (11) and a cover plate (12). The cover plate (12) is detachably installed on the top of the simulation cylinder (11). Multiple partitions (14) are provided on the inner side wall of the simulation cylinder (11). Each partition (14) and the cover plate (12) together form the negative pressure chamber (6). A number of negative pressure pipes (13) are connected to the simulation cylinder (11). Each negative pressure pipe (13) is connected to the corresponding negative pressure chamber (6).

3. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biomimetic crack module (5) includes a fixed plate (51) and two crack deformation components (52), which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed plate (51). The fixing plate (51) is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the simulation seat (1), and the fixing plate (51) is located between two adjacent partitions (14).

4. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crack deformation component (52) includes a plurality of crack plates (521) arranged in parallel with each other. A first connecting rod (522) is hinged to each crack plate (521). The center of the first connecting rod (522) is hinged to the crack plate (521), and the two ends of the first connecting rod (522) are respectively hinged to the two adjacent crack plates (521). A second connecting rod (523) is hinged to the fixed plate (51), and the free end of the second connecting rod (523) is hinged to the slit plate (521).

5. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of seepage elements (524) are arranged in parallel between two adjacent fissure plates (521); The seepage component (524) includes a first seepage plate (5241) and a second seepage plate (5242). The first seepage plate (5241) has a seepage cavity (5243) inside, which is filled with seepage liquid. The second seepage plate (5242) is slidably connected to the seepage cavity (5243). The first seepage plate (5241) and the second seepage plate (5242) are respectively hinged to two adjacent fissure plates (521). The first seepage plate (5241) has a plurality of seepage holes (5244), and a pressure switch (8) is provided in the seepage hole (5244); The pressure switch (8) includes a base (81) fixedly installed in the seepage hole (5244). A water flow channel (82) is provided in the base (81). A first spring (83) and a blocking ball (84) are provided in the water flow channel (82). The first spring (83) has the tendency to drive the blocking ball (84) to block the water flow channel (82).

6. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 5, characterized in that: The impact unit (7) includes a rod (71), a wooden disc (72), a steel disc (73), and a conical part (74). The wooden disc (72) is located at the top of the rod (71), the conical part (74) is located at the bottom of the rod (71), and the steel disc (73) is slidably mounted on the rod (71). The cross-section of the conical part (74) increases from bottom to top, and the taper of the conical part (74) is fixed or adjustable.

7. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tapered portion (74) includes a plurality of metal rods (741) surrounding the rod body (71). The metal rod (741) includes a first hinge rod (7411), a second hinge rod (7412), and a sliding sleeve (7413). The bottom of the first hinge rod (7411) is hinged to the bottom of the rod body (71). The sliding sleeve (7413) is slidably sleeved on the rod body (71). One end of the second hinge rod (7412) is hinged to the sliding sleeve (7413), and the other end of the second hinge rod (7412) is hinged to the first hinge rod (7411). When the sliding sleeve (7413) moves downward, it drives all the first hinge rods (7411) to rotate, thereby changing the taper of the tapered part (74).

8. The rock blasting test equipment capable of measuring the amount of gas ejected from the borehole according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first hinge rod (7411) is provided with a mounting groove (7414), and the other end of the second hinge rod (7412) can slide in the mounting groove (7414). A second spring (7415) is provided in the mounting groove (7414), and the second spring (7415) abuts against the second hinge rod (7412) to limit the sliding of the second hinge rod (7412).

9. The rock blasting test device for measuring the amount of gas ejected from a blast hole according to claim 8, characterized in that: The partition (14) is made of rubber, and the slit plate (521) has spikes on the side near the partition (14), which can pierce the partition (14).

10. The rock blasting test apparatus for measuring the amount of gas ejected from a blast hole according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit includes a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a liquid flow meter, and a central data acquisition and processing unit, wherein the pressure sensor, the displacement sensor, the liquid flow meter, and the central data acquisition and processing unit are connected.

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