Fragment speed testing method, device, equipment and medium
By using a mechanoluminescent plate and a high-speed camera system in the fragment velocity test to record the bright images of the fragment impact, the problem of the target plate interfering with the flight trajectory was solved, and accurate calculation of fragment velocity and data integrity were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511857964.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, when testing fragment velocity, the target plate interferes with the fragment flight trajectory, resulting in incomplete data or the inability to calculate valid data. This is especially true for steel plate targets and pine targets, where the impact is severe. During tests involving passing through and breaking targets, fragments hitting cable joints can cause signal failure.
A mechanoluminescent panel array is used, and a high-speed camera records the bright images when the fragments hit the mechanoluminescent panels to determine the moment of fragment contact. The speed is calculated by combining the flight time and distance. The mechanoluminescent panels are thin and have no cable connection, which reduces the impact on the flight of the fragments.
It improves the efficiency and accuracy of fragment velocity data identification, avoids interference from the target plate on the flight trajectory, ensures the integrity and reliability of the data, and can accurately calculate fragment velocity.
Smart Images
Figure CN121595899A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of fragment dynamic testing technology, and in particular to a fragment velocity testing method, apparatus, equipment and medium. Background Technology
[0002] To obtain fragment velocity, experiments typically employ a high-speed camera system to record the flash of light when the fragment impacts the target plate, or use a through-target or numerous broken targets to record the time signal as the fragment penetrates the target. The time it takes for the fragment to reach a certain distance is measured, and then an approximate fragment velocity is derived by using the average time and average attenuation coefficient. This method allows for the determination of fragment velocity.
[0003] However, during testing, it was found that when steel plate targets, pine wood targets, or other target plates were used, the target plates would severely interfere with the trajectory of the fragments, making it impossible to identify the impact process between the fragments and the target plate, i.e., it would be impossible to identify valid data (flare) for fragment velocity calculation. When using through targets and broken targets to test fragment velocity, the fragments often only penetrated one of the two target plates arranged in front and behind, resulting in incomplete test data and the inability to obtain valid data (multiple time signals) for fragment velocity calculation. Moreover, it was possible that the cable connectors of the target plates would be hit, causing the target plate's recording performance to completely fail, in which case it would also be impossible to obtain valid data for fragment velocity calculation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fragment velocity testing method, apparatus, equipment, and medium that can solve the problem that effective data for fragment velocity calculation cannot be obtained in current fragment velocity testing.
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a fragment velocity testing method, comprising the following steps: A high-speed camera is used to capture an image of a fragment impacting a mechanoluminescent plate, causing the chemical bonds in the mechanoluminescent plate to break due to the compression of the fragment, thus producing light; wherein the aperture diameter of the light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment diameter, and the image is used to indicate the moment when the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate; The flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate is determined based on the time of fragment formation and the time of fragment contact with the mechanoluminescent plate. The average velocity of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate is obtained based on the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate and the horizontal distance between the position of the fragment at the time of formation and the mechanoluminescent plate.
[0006] Furthermore, there are multiple mechanoluminescent panels arranged in an array at a distance of 3.5m from the fragment driving device.
[0007] Furthermore, the high-speed camera is deployed in a shelter 2.5m away from both sides of the multiple mechanoluminescent panels.
[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between the plurality of mechanoluminescent panels is 0.8m.
[0009] Furthermore, the thickness of the mechanoluminescent plate is less than or equal to 10 mm.
[0010] Furthermore, the moment when the fragment contacts the force-illuminating plate is obtained through the following steps: A high-speed camera is triggered to capture images at the moment the fragment is formed, and the number of frames corresponding to the image when the fragment impacts the force-luminescent plate is obtained. The moment when the fragment contacts the force-luminescent plate is determined based on the frame rate of the high-speed camera and the frame number of the image when the fragment impacts the force-luminescent plate.
[0011] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a fragment velocity testing device, comprising the following modules: The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the time when a fragment impacts a mechanoluminescent plate, causing the chemical bonds in the mechanoluminescent plate to break due to the compression of the fragment, thus producing light; wherein the aperture diameter of the light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment diameter, and the image is used to indicate the moment when the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate; The time determination module is used to determine the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate based on the time when the fragment is formed and the time when the fragment comes into contact with the mechanoluminescent plate. The velocity acquisition module is used to obtain the average velocity of the fragment from the mechanoluminescent plate based on the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate and the horizontal distance between the position of the fragment when it is formed and the mechanoluminescent plate.
[0012] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the above-described fragment velocity testing method.
[0013] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described fragment velocity testing method.
[0014] The fragment velocity testing method provided by this invention has at least the following beneficial effects: When a fragment impacts a mechanoluminescent plate, the plate's chemical bonds break due to the fragment's compression, generating intense light. The aperture diameter of this light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment's diameter. Therefore, this invention uses a high-speed camera to capture the light emitted by the fragment impacting the mechanoluminescent plate, providing more intuitive and accurate data for fragment velocity testing. Based on this, the moment the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate can be obtained. Combined with the moment the fragment forms, the flight time from the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate can be calculated. Since the distance between the mechanoluminescent plate and the initial position of the fragment (the position when the fragment forms) is fixed, the average velocity from the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate can be accurately calculated based on the principle of distance-time measurement. Attached Figure Description
[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:
[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the process of a fragment velocity testing method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a fragment flight speed measurement system provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall layout structure of a testing system. Figure 4 This invention provides a simulated fragment structure with dimensions and a physical image. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a test site layout scheme provided by the present invention; Figure 6 An experimental installation diagram of a mechanoluminescent panel provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This invention provides a high-speed camera layout diagram for a test site; Figure 8 This invention provides a high-speed camera for acquiring images of a light-emitting plate that simulates the impact of fragments on the light-emitting plate. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0018] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a fragment velocity testing method. The specific process of the fragment velocity testing method in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes: Step 101: Acquire an image using a high-speed camera when a fragment impacts a mechanoluminescent plate, causing the chemical bonds in the mechanoluminescent plate to break due to the compression of the fragment, thus producing light; wherein, the aperture diameter of the light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment diameter, and the image is used to indicate the moment when the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate.
[0020] Step 102: Determine the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate based on the time when the fragment is formed and the time when the fragment comes into contact with the mechanoluminescent plate.
[0021] Step 103: Based on the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate and the horizontal distance between the position of the fragment when it is formed and the mechanoluminescent plate, obtain the average velocity of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate.
[0022] The following is a detailed description of the implementation details of the fragment velocity testing method in this embodiment. The following content is only for the convenience of understanding and is not necessary for implementing this solution.
[0023] To address the problems of low fragment identification efficiency, significant impact of the velocity measurement target on fragment flight trajectory, and low effective acquisition rate of fragment velocity data in current fragment velocity testing, this embodiment proposes a fragment velocity testing method based on a mechanoluminescent plate. The block diagram of the fragment flight velocity measurement system is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, a measurement system consisting of a high-speed camera and a mechanoluminescent plate was used to test the velocity of a fragment penetrating a multi-layer target plate. The mechanoluminescent plate is made of an inorganic piezoelectric material with added rare metal ions, which emits significant light after being subjected to high-speed collision and compression. The initial moment of fragment formation was taken as time zero, and the high-speed camera was simultaneously triggered to begin acquisition. When the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate, it emits intense light under the strong compression of the projectile. The high-speed camera captured the luminescence process of the mechanoluminescent plate and extracted the initial arrival time of the fragment contacting the luminescent material. Since the distance between the mechanoluminescent plate and the initial position of the fragment is fixed, the average velocity of the fragment passing through each layer of mechanoluminescent plates can be calculated based on the principle of fixed-distance time measurement.
[0024] The formula for calculating speed is as follows: ; In the formula, For the fragment to the first n Average velocity of the block-type electroluminescent panel, in m / s; The initial position of the fragment and the first n The horizontal distance between the force-emitting panels, in meters; For the fragment to the first n Flight time of the block-type electroluminescent panel, in seconds.
[0025] In other words, multiple mechanoluminescent plates can be arrayed and positioned at a first preset distance from the fragment driving device. In this embodiment, multiple mechanoluminescent plates are arrayed at a certain distance from the fragment during the fragment velocity test. To avoid excessive velocity attenuation during fragment penetration due to the target plate thickness, the target plate thickness is required to be relatively thin, i.e., the thickness of the mechanoluminescent plates is less than a preset threshold. The mechanoluminescent plates are securely connected to the ground via mounting brackets to ensure that the fragments do not tilt or collapse during collision. Depending on actual needs, the mechanoluminescent plates can also be adhered to the surface of the target object to achieve velocity distribution testing of fragments / fragment groups on complex structural surfaces.
[0026] Methimilastic plates used for fragment velocity measurement possess good flexibility and penetrability, allowing for fragment velocity testing on target surfaces with varying external morphologies. Their excellent penetration does not affect fragment trajectory, enabling multi-layer deployment. Furthermore, the installation methods for methimilastic plates are flexible and diverse, with a small footprint and quick installation. Methods such as adhesive / double-sided tape bonding and screw fixing improve on-site deployment efficiency. Large-area deployment of methimilastic plates enables fragment group velocity testing, providing a wider observation range.
[0027] A target fragmentation trigger line is installed on the fragment and connected to a high-precision synchronous trigger controller, which controls the initial acquisition time of the high-speed camera. The high-speed camera is deployed in a shelter at a second preset distance from multiple mechanoluminescent panels, and its placement is designed to ensure that the high-speed camera's field of view can clearly capture images of each target surface. The high-speed camera and image recording control equipment are connected via fiber optic cable to ensure stable and efficient transmission of acquired data. A schematic diagram of the overall layout of the test system is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.
[0028] Using a high-speed camera to capture the light emitted by a mechanoluminescent plate when a fragment strikes it provides a more intuitive way to determine the fragment's location, resulting in higher and more accurate identification and effectively improving the acquisition rate of fragment velocity distribution data. The absence of cables between the mechanoluminescent plate and the high-speed camera system ensures that signal transmission will not be interrupted during the experiment due to cables being struck by fragments, thus improving the reliability of the testing system and the data acquisition rate.
[0029] After the experiment, the images acquired by the high-speed camera were processed. Since high-speed impacts cause the chemical bonds of the mechanoluminescent material to break and emit significant light, the frames at the moment the fragments impacted the mechanoluminescent plate can be extracted based on whether significant light is produced in the acquired images, and the corresponding frame numbers can be recorded. Combined with the frame rate set by the high-speed camera in the experiment Calculate the time taken from the initial moment to the current luminous frame image. That is, the high-speed camera is triggered to capture images at the moment the fragment is formed, obtaining the frame number corresponding to the image when the fragment impacts the force-luminescent plate, and determining the moment of fragment contact with the force-luminescent plate based on the frame rate of the high-speed camera and the frame number corresponding to the image when the fragment impacts the force-luminescent plate. , .
[0030] Finally, the distance from the burst center (the location where the fragments formed) to the mechanoluminescent plate was calculated. Based on the time t calculated above, the average velocity of the fragments and fragment groups when they penetrate the force-luminescent plates at different locations is calculated. .
[0031] In one specific embodiment, the present invention is achieved through... Figure 4 The test setup shown is used to test the velocity of the fragment impacting the force-luminescent panel. The test includes the following steps: Step 1: Use a fragment driving device to drive the simulated fragments to impact the force-illuminating plate. By changing the mass of the propellant, the simulated fragments are loaded at different speeds. The simulated fragment structure and dimensions are similar to those of the actual fragments. Figure 5 As shown.
[0032] Step Two: The mechanoluminescent panels are glued onto the target frame. Since the mechanoluminescent panels are thin, generally less than or equal to 10mm, their impact on the attenuation of fragment penetration velocity and flight trajectory is negligible. Therefore, multiple mechanoluminescent panels can be deployed, arranged in an array 3m to 5m away from the fragment drive device. For example, three layers of mechanoluminescent panels can be arranged at the test site, with the fragment drive device 3.5m or 3.8m away from the first panel, etc. The spacing between the panels is 0.5m to 1m, specifically 0.8m or 0.6m, etc. The mechanoluminescent panel installation structure at the test site is as follows. Figure 6 As shown.
[0033] Step 3: Set up a high-speed camera 2m-3m (e.g., 2.5m or 2.7m) on each side of the mechanoluminescent panels. Adjust the camera angles so that both cameras can clearly capture images of the three mechanoluminescent panels. To ensure equipment safety during the filming process, the high-speed cameras are housed in a steel enclosure. The camera deployment at the test site is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.
[0034] Step 4: Using a fragment driving device, simulated fragments are loaded to impact the mechanoluminescent plates at a certain velocity. High-speed cameras capture image data of the entire impact process. Based on the target plate's luminescence, the image of the simulated fragment impacting the target is extracted and analyzed. Images of the simulated fragment impacting the three mechanoluminescent plates, captured by two high-speed cameras, are shown below. Figure 8 As shown.
[0035] Step 5: Frame rate of high-speed camera during the experiment With 20,000 frames, combined with the number of frames of the simulated fragment impact image and the distance d between the fragment driving device and the mechanoluminescent plate, the average velocity of the fragment impact was calculated to be 1057 m / s.
[0036] The experimental results show that the simulated fragments emitting light upon impact with the mechanoluminescent plate produce a significant burst of light. Furthermore, due to the stress diffusion at the moment of impact, the mechanoluminescent plate generates a halo several times larger than the diameter of the simulated fragment, centered on the impact point. The impact moment can be clearly and intuitively identified and distinguished from the acquired images. Analysis of the images, combined with formulas, allows for the effective calculation of the fragment velocity. Therefore, it is evident that the strong luminescence phenomenon caused by the breaking of chemical bonds in mechanoluminescent materials upon impact has significant engineering application potential for testing the velocity of fragments and fragment swarms.
[0037] The steps of the various methods described above are only for clarity. In practice, they can be combined into one step or some steps can be split into multiple steps. As long as they include the same logical relationship, they are all within the protection scope of this invention. Adding insignificant modifications or introducing insignificant designs to the algorithm or process, without changing the core design of the algorithm and process, are also within the protection scope of this invention.
[0038] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a fragment velocity testing device. The implementation details of the fragment velocity testing device of this embodiment are described below. The following details are provided for ease of understanding and are not essential for implementing this solution. The fragment velocity testing device of this embodiment includes: The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the time when a fragment impacts a mechanoluminescent plate, causing the chemical bonds in the mechanoluminescent plate to break due to the compression of the fragment, thus producing light. The aperture diameter of the light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment diameter, and the image is used to indicate the moment when the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate. The time determination module is used to determine the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate based on the time when the fragment is formed and the time when the fragment comes into contact with the mechanoluminescent plate. The velocity acquisition module is used to obtain the average velocity of the fragment from the mechanoluminescent plate based on the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate and the horizontal distance between the position of the fragment when it is formed and the mechanoluminescent plate.
[0039] It is not difficult to see that this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the above method embodiments, and this embodiment can be implemented in conjunction with the above method embodiments. The relevant technical details and technical effects mentioned in the above embodiments are still valid in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here to reduce repetition. Accordingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to the above embodiments.
[0040] It is worth mentioning that all modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules. In practical applications, a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or a combination of multiple physical units. Furthermore, to highlight the innovative aspects of this invention, this embodiment does not introduce units that are not closely related to solving the technical problem proposed by this invention; however, this does not mean that other units are absent from this embodiment.
[0041] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the fragment velocity testing methods of the above embodiments.
[0042] The memory and processor are connected via a bus, which can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, connecting various circuits of one or more processors and memories. The bus can also connect various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Data processed by the processor is transmitted over the wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives data and transmits it to the processor.
[0043] The processor manages the bus and general processing, and also provides various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. Memory is used to store data used by the processor during operation.
[0044] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method embodiments described above.
[0045] That is, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.
[0046] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific embodiments for implementing the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to them in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for testing fragment velocity, characterized in that, The method includes: A high-speed camera is used to capture an image of a fragment impacting a mechanoluminescent plate, causing the chemical bonds in the mechanoluminescent plate to break due to the compression of the fragment, thus producing light; wherein the aperture diameter of the light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment diameter, and the image is used to indicate the moment when the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate; The flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate is determined based on the time of fragment formation and the time of fragment contact with the mechanoluminescent plate. The average velocity of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate is obtained based on the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate and the horizontal distance between the position of the fragment at the time of formation and the mechanoluminescent plate.
2. The fragment velocity testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple mechanoluminescent panels, and they are arranged in an array at a distance of 3m to 5m from the fragment driving device.
3. The fragment velocity testing method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-speed camera is deployed in a shelter located 2m to 3m away from both sides of the multiple mechanoluminescent panels.
4. The fragment velocity testing method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between the plurality of mechanoluminescent panels is 0.5m to 1m.
5. The fragment velocity testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the electroluminescent panel is less than or equal to 10 mm.
6. The fragment velocity testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moment when the fragment comes into contact with the mechanoluminescent plate is obtained through the following steps: A high-speed camera is triggered to capture images at the moment the fragment is formed, and the number of frames corresponding to the image when the fragment impacts the force-luminescent plate is obtained. The moment when the fragment contacts the force-luminescent plate is determined based on the frame rate of the high-speed camera and the frame number of the image when the fragment impacts the force-luminescent plate.
7. A fragment velocity testing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the time when a fragment impacts a mechanoluminescent plate, causing the chemical bonds in the mechanoluminescent plate to break due to the compression of the fragment, thus producing light; wherein the aperture diameter of the light is larger than a preset multiple of the fragment diameter, and the image is used to indicate the moment when the fragment contacts the mechanoluminescent plate; The time determination module is used to determine the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate based on the time when the fragment is formed and the time when the fragment comes into contact with the mechanoluminescent plate. The velocity acquisition module is used to obtain the average velocity of the fragment from the mechanoluminescent plate based on the flight time of the fragment to the mechanoluminescent plate and the horizontal distance between the position of the fragment when it is formed and the mechanoluminescent plate.
8. A computer device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the fragment velocity testing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the fragment velocity testing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.