A cascaded sheet of annular pseudo-three-dimensional topologically optimized microfluidic channel

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of annular pseudo three-dimensional topology optimization microchannel cascade sheet, it is related to fusion reactor technical field, including cover plate, heat-resistant ring, heat sink component and water inlet and outlet component.The cascade sheet works, high-density plasma beam passes through the plasma discharge channel in the middle of heat-resistant ring, heat-resistant ring can constrain plasma beam and maintain arc stability;At the same time, after cooling medium enters heat sink component through water inlet pipe, it is shunted to manifold shunt ring through water ring, then enters water inlet area and water inlet channel therein, subsequently enters topology optimization microchannel through microchannel water inlet channel, carries out intensified heat exchange, then through microchannel water outlet channel, converges into water outlet channel, flows out from water outlet pipe, to take away the large amount of heat load deposited in the inner wall of plasma discharge channel.The application significantly improves the heat dissipation effect of cascade sheet, and can meet the rapid and efficient cooling demand of cascade sheet under high heat load scene.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fusion reactors, in particular to a cascade sheet of annular pseudo-three-dimensional topologically optimized microchannels. BACKGROUND

[0002] Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion is considered as one of the important ways to solve energy problems in the future. During the operation of a magnetic confinement fusion device, the boundary plasma of the fusion reactor interacts with the first wall material, and the strike point of the divertor target plate faces an ultra-high particle flux and a steady-state heat load, which will cause complex physical and chemical reactions of the first wall material, usually including erosion, sputtering, surface topography change, vacancy defects, etc. These physical and chemical reactions will seriously affect the service life of the fusion reactor material and become a key bottleneck restricting the long-term stable operation of the fusion device.

[0003] Due to the high cost of fusion device experiments and strict discharge conditions, in order to conveniently and quickly study the interaction between the boundary plasma of the fusion reactor and the material, a cascade arc plasma source linear plasma device capable of generating a high-density plasma beam is usually used as an experimental platform for the interaction between plasma and material.

[0004] The cascade sheet is the core component of the cascade arc plasma source linear plasma device, mainly responsible for the important functions of confining the plasma beam, stabilizing the arc, and removing the deposition heat load in the plasma discharge channel. When the cascade arc source is operated at high power, the deposition heat load inside the discharge channel of the cascade sheet can reach 10 MW / m 2 ; However, in the existing design of the cascade sheet, only a simple flow channel is used for cooling, and the cooling efficiency is low, which cannot effectively remove the above high heat load, not only affecting the service life of the cascade sheet itself, but also limiting the operating power and experimental reliability of the cascade arc plasma source. It is urgent to optimize the cooling structure inside the cascade sheet to meet the high-efficiency cooling demand under high heat load.

[0005] Therefore, in the prior art, the cascade sheet and related topological cooling structure mainly have the following deficiencies. Chinese patent application CN113727507A discloses a multi-channel arc plasma source cascade copper sheet water cooling device, which forms intersecting water cooling channels by punching holes in the side wall of the copper sheet or uses diffusion welding to weld a grooved copper sheet. However, it is only applicable to low-temperature plasma sources with low heat load, mainly focuses on temperature control of the sealing ring, does not use topological optimization method, and the cooling efficiency is difficult to meet the 10 MW / m 2Ultra-high heat load requirement. Chinese Patent Application CN118198836A discloses a jet cooling heat sink containing a topologically optimized vascular bionic flow channel for a thin sheet laser, which achieves cooling through a circular jet area and a radial topological flow channel, but this structure is designed for the heat load of a rectangular planar outer surface, and the flow channel is arranged in a plane, not a three-dimensional ring, which cannot be applied to the heat load scenario of the cylindrical inner surface of the cascade sheet. Chinese Patent Application CN120432203A discloses a high heat load test target plate device based on pseudo-three-dimensional topological optimization, which adopts a three-layer structure of a micro-channel heat sink plate, a manifold plate and an inlet and outlet water plate, but its micro-flow channel is arranged in a plane, lacks annular grading structures such as water separation rings and manifold distribution rings, and cannot solve the problem of uniform distribution of cooling medium on the cylindrical inner surface. Chinese Patent Application CN117612749A discloses a fusion reactor blanket cooling device based on topological optimization, which is designed for the heat load problem of the rectangular planar outer surface of the blanket target plate, and achieves enhanced heat transfer through micro-rib array channels in the same plane, but this device is only suitable for the working condition of the rectangular outer surface bearing high heat load, and cannot solve the problem of heat load on the cylindrical inner surface of the discharge channel of the cascade sheet.

[0006] Therefore, the above technical solutions cannot achieve high heat load and efficient cooling of the cylindrical discharge channel of the cascade sheet of the fusion reactor, and have problems of low cooling efficiency, mismatched flow channel structure and poor flow uniformity. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the technical problems of low cooling efficiency and poor cooling effect of the existing cascade sheet due to the simple design of the cooling flow channel, the present application provides a cascade sheet with annular pseudo-three-dimensional topological optimization micro-flow channel, which significantly improves the heat dissipation effect of the cascade sheet and meets the rapid and efficient cooling demand of the cascade sheet under high heat load scenario. At the same time, the present application adopts an outside-in structure design, and realizes enhanced heat transfer through the internal annular topological optimization micro-flow channel, which can efficiently solve the heat load problem of the cascade sheet.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] The application discloses a cascade sheet of annular pseudo-three-dimensional topologically optimized micro-flow channels, which comprises a cover plate, a heat-resistant ring, a heat sink assembly and an inlet and outlet water assembly.

[0010] Further, the heat-resistant ring is provided with a heat-resistant ring welding boss which protrudes outward, the plasma discharge channel is a circular through hole, the diameter of the plasma discharge channel is 5-10 mm, and the height of the heat-resistant ring welding boss is 2-5 mm.

[0011] Further, the annular outer surface of the micro-flow channel ring is provided with a plurality of micro-flow channel water inlet channels, micro-flow channel water outlet channels and topologically optimized micro-flow channels, the micro-flow channel water inlet channels, the micro-flow channel water outlet channels and the topologically optimized micro-flow channels are distributed in a circumferential array on the outer peripheral surface of the micro-flow channel ring relative to the central axis of the micro-flow channel ring, the width of the topologically optimized micro-flow channel is 0.2-0.5 mm, and the depth of the topologically optimized micro-flow channel is 0.2-1 mm.

[0012] Further, the two sides of the micro-flow channel water inlet channel are provided with a plurality of micro-flow channel water inlet blocks, the two sides of the micro-flow channel water outlet channel are provided with a plurality of micro-flow channel water outlet blocks, and the two sides of the micro-flow channel water inlet block and the micro-flow channel water outlet block are outwardly protruding trapezoidal.

[0013] Further, the outer side of the manifold distribution ring is provided with a square tooth-shaped manifold distribution plate, the manifold distribution plate divides the manifold distribution ring into a plurality of water inlet areas and water outlet areas, and the water inlet areas and the water outlet areas are respectively provided with water inlet channels and water outlet channels.

[0014] Further, the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the water-blocking ring are both provided with circular arc flow channels, the surface of the circular arc flow channel is a smooth transition circular arc, the middle part is thin and gradually thickens towards both sides.

[0015] Further, the inner surface of the micro-channel ring is provided with a micro-channel ring inner ring, and the upper and lower ends are provided with micro-channel ring welding bosses protruding outward.

[0016] Further, the lower surface of the cover plate is welded with the upper surface of the manifold distribution ring and the upper surface of the micro-channel ring, and the side surface of the cover plate is welded with the inner surface of the bottom plate.

[0017] Further, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are both welded with the bottom plate, the water inlet pipe is aligned with the thinnest position of the circular arc flow channel on the water inlet side of the water isolation ring, and the water outlet pipe is aligned with the thinnest position of the circular arc flow channel on the water outlet side of the water isolation ring.

[0018] Further, the number of water inlet areas is the same as the number of water outlet areas, the water inlet channel is arranged at the center position of the corresponding water inlet area, and the water outlet channel is arranged at the center position of the corresponding water outlet area.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. In view of the defects that the prior art is difficult to cope with 10MW / m 2 super-high heat load, the present application adopts pseudo-three-dimensional topological optimization micro-channel, which significantly increases the heat exchange area compared with the traditional fixed cross-section flow channel, and realizes the strengthening of heat exchange. Simulation verification shows that under the heat load of 10MW / m 2 , the maximum temperature of the inner wall of the heat-resistant ring is only 594.9℃, which is far lower than the tungsten material recrystallization temperature (1200℃), and fundamentally meets the rapid and efficient cooling demand of the cascade sheet under high heat load scene.

[0021] 2. In view of the problem that the existing planar flow channel cannot match the heat load scene of the cylindrical inner surface of the cascade sheet, the present application innovatively adopts the ring-shaped hierarchical structure from outside to inside (water isolation ring, manifold distribution ring, micro-channel ring), realizes preliminary distribution through the circular arc flow channel of the water isolation ring, and the square tooth-shaped distribution plate of the manifold distribution ring divides multiple circumferential array water inlet and outlet areas, ensuring that the cooling medium is evenly distributed to each topologically optimized micro-channel in the circumferential and radial directions, and completely solving the problem of uniform cooling of the cylindrical inner surface heat load.

[0022] 3. The existing technology has the problems of poor flow uniformity and large pressure drop loss, the topologically optimized micro-channel of the present application adopts the circumferential array layout and trapezoidal block structure of the micro-channel ring, so that the maximum flow velocity in the micro-channel reaches 3.2m / s, the flow velocity distribution is uniform, and the inlet and outlet water pressure drop is controlled below 16880Pa. This flow optimization not only improves the heat exchange efficiency, but also reduces the pump power consumption, achieving the balance between high efficiency and energy saving.

[0023] 4. In order to solve the problems of low cooling efficiency of traditional design, limited service life of cascade sheet and insufficient operating power, the cover plate, heat-resistant ring, heat sink assembly and water inlet and outlet assembly are integrated into a whole sheet structure by vacuum brazing technology, so that the sealing performance is high and the structure is compact. The high-efficiency cooling reduces the thermal stress and directly prolongs the service life of the cascade sheet; at the same time, the improvement of the heat dissipation capacity eliminates the limitation of the thermal load on the operating power of the cascade arc plasma source, and enhances the reliability and expandability of the experimental platform.

[0024] 5. Different from the existing rectangular plane outer surface thermal load solution, the present application is specially used for the heat load scene of the cylindrical discharge channel inside the cascade sheet. Through the precise cooperation between the micro-channel ring and the outer surface of the heat-resistant ring, efficient conduction of heat from the plasma confinement area to the topologically optimized micro-channel is realized, filling the technical gap in this sub-field and providing a customized high-performance cooling solution for the cascade arc plasma source of the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device.

[0025] 6. The present application forms a ring-shaped nested structure through the upper and lower layers of the water separation ring, the circumferential partitioning of the manifold distribution ring and the axial inlet and outlet of the micro-channel ring, so that the cooling medium sequentially passes through each layer of components from the outside to the inside along the radial direction, is distributed to the flow channel in the circumferential direction and enters from the upper side (water inlet area) and exits from the lower side (water outlet area) in the axial direction, cooperates with the three-dimensional undulating layout of the topologically optimized micro-channel, forms the three-dimensional interlaced motion of upper inlet and lower outlet, radial cross-layer and circumferential rotation, avoids the short-circuit mixing of water inlet and outlet, and realizes efficient and uniform cooling of the high-heat-load area.

[0026] In summary, the circular plasma discharge channel of the heat-resistant ring of the present application is used to confine the plasma beam and maintain the stability of the arc; after the cooling medium enters the heat sink assembly through the water inlet pipe, it is distributed to the manifold distribution ring through the water separation ring, then enters the water inlet area and the water inlet channel therein, and then passes through the micro-channel water inlet channel of the micro-channel ring, enters the topologically optimized micro-channel, performs heat exchange enhancement, then passes through the micro-channel water outlet channel of the micro-channel ring, flows into the water outlet channel, and finally flows out from the water outlet pipe to take away a large amount of heat load deposited on the inner wall of the plasma discharge channel. Compared with the traditional fixed cross-section flow channel, the topologically optimized micro-channel of the present application has a larger specific surface area, can effectively increase the heat exchange area, can not only enhance the heat dissipation efficiency, but also can improve the flow uniformity of the cooling medium and reduce the pressure drop loss; the synergistic effect of the above advantages significantly improves the heat dissipation effect of the cascade sheet and can meet the rapid and efficient cooling demand of the cascade sheet under the high-heat-load scene. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is an exploded schematic view of a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topologically optimized micro-channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 is an isometric view of a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topologically optimized micro-channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 is a slanting top view of a partial section of a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 is Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the circle area in

[0031] Figure 5 is a slanting bottom view of a partial section of a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 is Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of the circle area in

[0033] Figure 7a is a front view of a water isolation ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7b is a left view of a water isolation ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7c is an isometric side view of a water isolation ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8a is a front view of a manifold distribution ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8b is a left view of a manifold distribution ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 8c is an isometric side view of a manifold distribution ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 9a is a front view of a micro flow channel ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 9b is a left view of a micro flow channel ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 9c is an isometric side view of a micro flow channel ring in a cascade sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 10a is a front view of a heat-resistant ring in a cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro-flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 10b is a left view of a heat-resistant ring in a cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro-flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 10c is an isometric side view of a heat-resistant ring in a cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro-flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 11 is a temperature distribution diagram of a cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro-flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 12 is a pressure distribution diagram of a cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro-flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 13 is a velocity distribution diagram of a cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo three-dimensional topology-optimized micro-flow channel according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] In the drawings, reference numerals are as follows: 1, cover plate; 2, heat-resistant ring; 21, heat-resistant ring welding boss; 22, plasma discharge channel; 3, heat sink assembly; 31, micro-flow channel ring; 311, inner ring of micro-flow channel ring; 312, micro-flow channel ring welding boss; 313, topology-optimized micro-flow channel; 314, micro-flow channel water inlet flow channel; 315, micro-flow channel water inlet block; 316, micro-flow channel water outlet flow channel; 317, micro-flow channel water outlet block; 32, manifold distribution ring; 321, manifold distribution plate; 322, water inlet area; 323, water outlet area; 324, water inlet channel; 325, water outlet channel; 33, water isolation ring; 331, circular arc flow channel; 4, water inlet and outlet assembly; 41, water inlet pipe; 42, bottom plate; 43, water outlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, further detailed description will be made to the present application in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. In addition, the technical features involved in each embodiment of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0050] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the term "topologically optimized micro flow channel" in the present application refers to a flow channel designed by a pseudo-3D (P3D) topological optimization method. The pseudo-3D topological optimization method is one of the topological optimization methods, and topological optimization is an optimization design method that automatically allocates fluid-solid materials in a design domain under the driving of a target function and a constraint condition to produce an optimal flow channel distribution. The pseudo-3D topological optimization method further considers the heat exchange between the thermal fluid layer and the solid layer and the thermal viscous dissipation influence between the layers when performing topological optimization design, and has the advantages of smaller calculation error and high precision. The pseudo-3D micro flow channel (such as the topologically optimized micro flow channel 313 of the present application) is strictly defined in topology as follows: although it presents a multi-layer three-dimensional layout, all channels can still be arranged on a two-dimensional plane in terms of topological structure, that is, there is no real spatial intersection between the channels. The specific process of designing the flow channel distribution by the pseudo-3D topological optimization method and the basic concept of the pseudo-3D micro flow channel both belong to the prior art, and will not be described here.

[0051] As shown in Figures 1-2 , the cascade sheet of the annular pseudo-3D topologically optimized micro flow channel of the embodiment of the present application comprises a cover plate 1, a heat-resistant ring 2, a heat sink assembly 3 and an inlet and outlet water assembly 4 arranged in sequence; the heat-resistant ring 2 is sleeved inside the heat sink assembly 3, the heat sink assembly 3 is sleeved inside the inlet and outlet water assembly 4, the cover plate 1 is consistent in size with the opening of the inlet and outlet water assembly 4, the center of the cover plate 1 is provided with a through hole, the heat-resistant ring 2 and the heat sink assembly 3 are inserted into the through hole after being sleeved, and are flush with the surface of the through hole, so that the cover plate 1, the heat-resistant ring 2, the heat sink assembly 3 and the inlet and outlet water assembly 4 form an integral sheet structure. The heat sink assembly 3 comprises a water isolation ring 33, a manifold distribution ring 32 and a micro flow channel ring 31 from outside to inside; the micro flow channel ring 31 is provided with a pseudo-3D micro flow channel (i.e. the topologically optimized micro flow channel 313 of the present application); the water isolation ring 33 separates the cooling medium flowing into the heat sink and the cooling medium flowing out of the heat sink. The water inlet and outlet side of the water isolation ring 33 is designed with a circular arc flow channel 331 for distributing the cooling medium of the water inlet pipe 41 into the manifold distribution ring 32 with smaller flow resistance. The inlet and outlet water assembly 4 comprises a bottom plate 42 and a water inlet pipe 41 and a water outlet pipe 43 arranged thereon.

[0052] As shown in Figures 3-6 , Figures 8a-8c , Figures 9a-9cAs shown, the outer surface of the micro-channel ring 31 is designed with a plurality of micro-channel water inlet channels 314, micro-channel water outlet channels 316 and topologically optimized micro-channel 313; the micro-channel water inlet channels 314, micro-channel water outlet channels 316 and topologically optimized micro-channel 313 are distributed in a circumferential array on the outer peripheral surface of the micro-channel ring 31 relative to the central axis. The micro-channel water inlet channels 314 are provided with a plurality of micro-channel water inlet blocks 315 on both sides; the micro-channel water outlet channels 316 are provided with a plurality of micro-channel water outlet blocks 317 on both sides. The inner surface of the micro-channel ring 31 is provided with a micro-channel ring inner ring 311, and the upper and lower ends are provided with micro-channel ring welding bosses 312. The micro-channel ring inner ring 311 is used to cooperate with the heat-resistant ring 2 to realize sealing and heat transfer. The manifold shunt ring 32 is circumferentially surrounded by the manifold shunt plate 321 on the outside, forming a plurality of water inlet areas 322 and water outlet areas 323 of the same size. The manifold shunt plate 321 is a square wave structure. The water inlet areas 322 and the water outlet areas 323 are distributed in a circumferential array around the central axis of the manifold shunt ring 32, and the water inlet areas 322 and the water outlet areas 323 are respectively provided with water inlet channels 324 and water outlet channels 325. The water inlet channels 324 and the water outlet channels 325 are respectively arranged at the center positions of the respective water inlet areas 322 and water outlet areas 323, and are parallel to the square tooth height direction; the number of water inlet areas 322, water outlet areas 323, water inlet channels 324 and water outlet channels 325 is the same.

[0053] Preferably, the micro-channel water inlet blocks 315 and the micro-channel water outlet blocks 317 on both sides are outwardly protruding trapezoidal; the width of the topologically optimized micro-channel 313 is 0.2-0.5mm, and the depth is 0.2-1mm.

[0054] Figures 7a-7c As shown, the opposite positions of the upper and lower surfaces of the water separation ring 33, i.e. the water inlet side and the water outlet side, are provided with circular arc flow channels 331, and the thinnest positions of the two circular arc flow channels 331 are respectively aligned with the water inlet pipe 41 and the water outlet pipe 43. The surface of the circular arc flow channel 331 is a smooth transition circular arc, which is thin in the middle and gradually thickens on both sides. The machining process of the circular arc flow channel 331 on the water inlet side and the water outlet side is as follows: first, the upper and lower planes of the to-be-machined circular ring are machined, then the lower plane of the circular ring is taken as a positioning reference, the water inlet side of the upper plane is machined first to form a smooth transition circular arc flow channel 331 (occupying half of the upper plane) with a thin middle and thick ends as shown in the upper left, then the workpiece is reversed, the upper plane is taken as a positioning reference, and the water outlet side of the lower plane is machined to form the same circular arc flow channel 331 (occupying half of the lower plane). Finally, the two ends of the circular arc flow channel 331 on the water inlet side are connected with half of the upper plane, and the two ends of the circular arc flow channel 331 on the water outlet side are connected with half of the lower plane, finally forming the structure as shown. Figure 7c Figure 7c As shown.

[0055] As​Figures 10a-10c The heat-resistant ring 2 is made of tungsten material with high melting point and low sputtering rate; the plasma discharge channel 22 of the heat-resistant ring 2 is circular in cross section and has a diameter of 5-10 mm; the heat-resistant ring 2 is provided with a heat-resistant ring welding boss 21 with a height of 2-5 mm.

[0056] Therefore, the cascade sheet of the annular pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized micro flow channel in the embodiment of the application is provided from outside to inside with a bottom plate 42, a water-blocking ring 33, a manifold shunt ring 32, a micro flow channel ring 31, a heat-resistant ring 2 and a cover plate 1; the upper surface of the bottom plate 42 is welded to the lower surfaces of the manifold shunt ring 32 and the micro flow channel ring 31, and the inner surface of the bottom plate 42 is welded to the outer surface of the water-blocking ring 33; the inner surface of the water-blocking ring 33 is welded to the outer surface of the manifold shunt ring 32; the inner surface of the manifold shunt ring 32 is welded to the outer surface of the micro flow channel ring 31; the inner surface of the micro flow channel ring 31 is welded to the outer surface of the heat-resistant ring 2; the lower surface of the cover plate 1 is welded to the upper surfaces of the manifold shunt ring 32 and the micro flow channel ring 31, and the side surface of the cover plate 1 is welded to the inner surface of the bottom plate 42; and the water inlet pipe 41 and the water outlet pipe 43 are connected to the bottom plate 42 by welding.

[0057] Preferably, the welding is vacuum brazing, which ensures the sealing property and the connection strength of the flow channel.

[0058] Preferably, the water-blocking ring 33 is made of oxygen-free copper, so as to have better heat conduction effect.

[0059] Preferably, the circular-arc flow channel 331 is processed by precise milling, so as to ensure smooth surface.

[0060] Preferably, the manifold shunt ring 32 is made of oxygen-free copper, so as to have better heat conduction effect.

[0061] Preferably, the water inlet channel 324 and the water outlet channel 325 have a length of 8-12 mm and a width of 0.5-2 mm.

[0062] Preferably, the water inlet channel 324 and the water outlet channel 325 are processed by wire cutting, precise carving or plasma cutting.

[0063] Preferably, the micro flow channel ring 31 is made of oxygen-free copper, so as to have better heat conduction effect.

[0064] Preferably, the topology-optimized micro flow channel 313, the micro flow channel water inlet flow channel 314, the micro flow channel water inlet block 315, the micro flow channel water outlet flow channel 316 and the micro flow channel water outlet block 317 are processed by precise carving.

[0065] Preferably, the cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 42 are made of 316L material with high strength.

[0066] Preferably, the water inlet pipe 41 and the water outlet pipe 43 are made of 316L material with high strength.

[0067] The working process of the present application is as follows: the cooling medium enters the heat sink assembly 3 through the water inlet pipe 41, is branched by the water isolation ring 33 into each water inlet area 322 in the manifold distribution ring 32, then enters the water inlet channel 324, and then enters the topologically optimized micro-channel 313 through the micro-channel water inlet channel 314 of the micro-channel ring 31, performs enhanced heat exchange, and then flows out through the micro-channel water outlet channel 316 of the micro-channel ring 31, flows into the water outlet channel 325, and finally flows out from the water outlet pipe 43, so as to realize three-dimensional staggered motion in the cascade sheet.

[0068] The cascade sheet of the annular pseudo-three-dimensional topologically optimized micro-channel of the present application is simulated by finite element software, the cooling water inlet flow is set to 2L / min, and the water inlet temperature is set to 25℃. The plasma discharge channel 22 inside the heat-resistant ring 2 applies a uniform heat load of 10MW / m 2 to simulate the bombardment of the high-density plasma beam on the inner wall of the cascade sheet. The simulation results are shown in Figures 11-13 , the maximum temperature of the inner wall surface of the heat-resistant ring 2 made of tungsten material is 594.9℃, which is lower than the recrystallization temperature of 1200℃, the maximum flow rate in the micro-channel reaches 3.2m / s, the flow rate distribution is relatively uniform, and the pressure drop of the water inlet and outlet is kept below 16880Pa, which is relatively small.

[0069] When the cascade sheet is working, the high-density plasma beam passes through the plasma discharge channel 22 in the middle of the heat-resistant ring 2, the heat-resistant ring 2 can constrain the plasma beam and maintain the stability of the arc; at the same time, after the cooling medium enters the heat sink assembly 3 through the water inlet pipe 41, it is branched by the water isolation ring 33 into the manifold distribution ring 32, then enters the water inlet area 322 and the water inlet channel 324 therein, and then enters the topologically optimized micro-channel 313 through the micro-channel water inlet channel 314 of the micro-channel ring 31, performs enhanced heat exchange, and then flows out through the micro-channel water outlet channel 316 of the micro-channel ring 31, flows into the water outlet channel 325, and finally flows out from the water outlet pipe 43, so as to take away a large amount of heat load deposited on the inner wall of the plasma discharge channel 22.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A cascaded sheet of annular pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannels, characterized in that, The system comprises a cover plate forming an integral sheet structure, a heat-resistant ring, a heat sink assembly, and an inlet / outlet water assembly. A plasma discharge channel is located at the center of the heat-resistant ring. The heat sink assembly includes a water-proof ring, a manifold distribution ring, and a microchannel ring arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The heat-resistant ring is fitted inside the microchannel ring of the heat sink assembly, which is then fitted inside the inlet / outlet water assembly. The cover plate covers the top of the inlet / outlet water assembly. The annular outer surface of the microchannel ring has topology-optimized microchannels with a pseudo-three-dimensional topology structure. The inlet / outlet water assembly includes a base plate and an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe mounted on the base plate. The heat sink assembly is located above the base plate; the cover plate has a through hole in the middle, through which the heat-resistant ring and the microchannel ring pass, and their upper surfaces are flush with the cover plate; a square wave-shaped manifold distribution plate is arranged around the outside of the manifold distribution ring, thereby dividing it into multiple water inlet and water outlet areas with water inlet and water outlet channels respectively; the cooling medium enters through the water inlet pipe, is diverted to the water inlet area of ​​the manifold distribution ring through the water-blocking ring, enters the water inlet channel, flows through the topology-optimized microchannel, and then flows into the water outlet channel through the microchannel ring and out from the water outlet pipe, thereby realizing three-dimensional staggered movement in the cascaded plate; The annular outer surface of the microchannel ring is provided with multiple microchannel inlet channels, microchannel outlet channels, and topology-optimized microchannels. The microchannel inlet channels, microchannel outlet channels, and topology-optimized microchannels are arranged in a circular array on the outer peripheral surface of the microchannel ring relative to the central axis of the microchannel ring.

2. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-resistant ring is provided with an outwardly protruding heat-resistant ring welding boss, the height of which is 2~5mm.

3. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the topology-optimized microchannel is 0.2~0.5mm and the depth is 0.2~1mm.

4. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The microchannel inlet channel has multiple microchannel inlet baffles on both sides, and the microchannel outlet channel has multiple microchannel outlet baffles on both sides. The sides of the microchannel inlet baffles and the microchannel outlet baffles are convex outwards in a trapezoidal shape.

5. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma discharge channel is a circular through hole with a diameter of 5-10 mm.

6. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-proof ring has arc-shaped flow channels on both the inlet and outlet sides. The surface of the arc-shaped flow channel is a smoothly transitioning arc shape, which is thin in the middle and gradually thickens towards both sides.

7. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface of the microchannel ring is provided with an inner microchannel ring, and the upper and lower ends are provided with outwardly protruding microchannel ring welding bosses.

8. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the cover plate is welded to the upper surface of the manifold diversion ring and the upper surface of the microchannel ring, and the side surface of the cover plate is welded to the inner surface of the base plate.

9. The cascaded sheet of a ring-shaped pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannel according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are welded to the base plate. The inlet pipe is aligned with the thinnest point of the arc flow channel on the inlet side of the water-proof ring, and the outlet pipe is aligned with the thinnest point of the arc flow channel on the outlet side of the water-proof ring.

10. A cascaded sheet of annular pseudo-three-dimensional topology-optimized microchannels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of water inlet zones is the same as the number of water outlet zones. The water inlet channel is located at the center of the corresponding water inlet zone, and the water outlet channel is located at the center of the corresponding water outlet zone.

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