Material sorting equipment and sorting method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules

Abstract

The material sorting equipment comprises a first granularity sorting device, the first granularity sorting device is connected with a shape sorting device and a specific gravity sorting device, and the shape sorting device is connected with the first granularity sorting device; the specific gravity sorting device is connected with the second granularity sorting device, and the second granularity sorting device is connected with the first optical characteristic sorting device and the second optical characteristic sorting device. The method comprises the steps that (1) the waste assemblies enter the first granularity sorting device to be sorted; (2) the shape sorting device sorts out metal strips, and the step (1) is repeated for other substances; (3) a glass mixture and a silicon wafer mixture are sorted out by the specific gravity sorting device and enter a second granularity sorting device and a second optical characteristic sorting device respectively; 4, the silicon wafer mixture is sorted by the second granularity sorting device and enters the first optical characteristic sorting device.The device has the advantages that the recovery speed and the recovery rate of glass, silicon wafers and metal strip materials in photovoltaic module recovery are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste photovoltaic module recycling technology, specifically relating to material sorting equipment for waste photovoltaic module recycling, and also to material sorting methods for waste photovoltaic module recycling. Background Technology

[0002] Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. PV modules have a lifespan of 20-30 years. The secondary utilization of PV module materials after dismantling retired and scrapped PV modules has broad market prospects. Materials such as aluminum frames, glass, and solder strips from waste PV modules all have recycling value. With the rapid growth of global PV installations, it is estimated that by 2030, the cumulative amount of retired modules worldwide will exceed 150 million tons. Recycling and utilizing these discarded PV modules not only protects the environment but also effectively conserves resources.

[0003] Currently, the recycling of photovoltaic modules mostly employs physical separation methods. The disassembly of aluminum frames, glass, and junction boxes is largely done manually to obtain frameless modules. This process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and exposes workers to dust that is harmful to their health. For frameless modules, one method involves incinerating the pulverized photovoltaic modules in an incinerator to separate and recycle the cells, glass, and solder strips. The resulting products are pulverized glass and broken cells, which are difficult to screen and separate, wasting a significant amount of manpower and resources. Moreover, there is substantial material loss during separation, preventing the full recycling of valuable materials. Another method involves placing the photovoltaic modules in a container filled with inorganic or organic acid solutions to dissolve the organic adhesive film within the modules, thereby separating the cells from the glass. This recycling process is lengthy, requiring more than a week, and subsequent wastewater treatment is difficult.

[0004] Therefore, the aforementioned technical problems urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a material sorting device for the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules, which has the characteristics of improving the recycling speed and recycling rate of module glass, silicon wafers and metal strip materials in the recycling of waste photovoltaic modules.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a material sorting method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention includes a first particle size sorting device, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a shape sorting device and the inlet of a gravity sorting device via two conveyor belts, and the outlet of the shape sorting device is connected to the inlet of the first particle size sorting device via a conveyor belt; the outlet of the gravity sorting device is connected to a second particle size sorting device via a conveyor belt, and the outlet of the second particle size sorting device is connected to the inlets of a first optical feature sorting device and a second optical feature sorting device via two conveyor belts.

[0008] The features of this invention are as follows:

[0009] The first sorting device includes a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is not less than 30 Hz and the aperture of the vibrating screen is 20 mm. The first sorting device includes an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port. The upper discharge port is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device through a conveyor belt, and the lower discharge port is connected to the inlet of the gravity sorting device through a conveyor belt.

[0010] The shape sorting device is equipped with a double-layer roller and a drive motor. The double-layer roller is inclined at an angle of 10° towards the ground. The drive motor drives the double-layer roller to rotate at a speed of 10-50 r / min. The surface of the double-layer roller is uniformly opened with 20 mm round holes and strip holes from the inlet to the outlet. The shape sorting device also includes an elevator, which transports the unbroken glass falling from the strip holes back to the inlet of the shape sorting device.

[0011] The gravity separation device includes a blower and a vibrating screen. The frequency of the vibrating screen is not less than 20 Hz. The vibrating screen vibrates and flattens the incoming material. The gravity separation device includes a first outlet and a second outlet. The first outlet is connected to a second particle size separation device, and the second outlet is connected to a second optical feature separation device.

[0012] The second particle size separation device includes a circular vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The circular vibrating screen has a three-layer structure. The three layers of the circular vibrating screen are evenly provided with screen holes. The diameter of the screen holes is 4 mm, 1 mm and 0.1 mm from top to bottom in the three layers. The 4 mm screen has an upper discharge port on its side. The 1 mm screen has a lower discharge port on its side connected to the inlet of the first optical feature separation device via a conveyor belt. The 0.1 mm screen has a lower discharge port on its side.

[0013] The first optical feature sorting device and the second optical feature sorting device have the same structure. Both the first optical feature sorting device and the second optical feature sorting device include a feeding mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a buffer hopper. A feeding mechanism is set below the buffer hopper. The output end of the feeding mechanism is connected to a planar output mechanism. An optical sorting detection mechanism is set above the planar output mechanism. A high-speed airflow sorting mechanism is set next to the optical sorting detection mechanism.

[0014] Another technical solution adopted in this invention is: a material sorting method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules, implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: After pretreatment, the waste photovoltaic modules are conveyed into the first particle size sorting device. Materials larger than 20 mm are sorted into the shape sorting device, and materials smaller than 20 mm are sorted into the gravity sorting device. Step 2: The shape sorting device sorts out the metal strips, and other materials are crushed here and returned to the first particle size sorting device to repeat Step 1; Step 3: The specific gravity separation device separates the glass mixture and the silicon wafer mixture. The silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size separation device, and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature separation device to separate pure glass and impurities containing silicon wafers. Step 4: The second particle size sorting device separates silicon wafers larger than 4 mm, silicon wafer mixtures of 1-4 mm, semi-finished products of 0.1-1 mm, and impurities smaller than 0.1 mm. The silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device to separate pure silicon wafers and impurities containing small glass fragments.

[0015] The invention is further characterized by: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: After pretreatment, the waste photovoltaic modules are conveyed into the first particle size sorting device. The vibrating screen in the first particle size sorting device separates large glass pieces and metal strips larger than 20 mm from the upper discharge port and enters the shape sorting device. The glass-silicon wafer mixture smaller than 20 mm flows out from the lower discharge port and enters the specific gravity sorting device. Step 2: The double-layer drum of the shape sorting device rotates and sorts out glass and metal strips larger than 20 mm. The strips move forward under the action of the double-layer drum. The glass breaks into small pieces and falls through the circular hole. The unbroken glass falls through the strip hole and is transported back to the inlet of the shape sorting device by the elevator to continue to be crushed. The metal strips are clumped together under the action of the double-layer drum and move forward to the outlet at the end of the drum. Other materials are crushed here and returned to the first particle size sorting device to repeat step 1. Step 3: After the glass-silicon wafer mixture smaller than 20 mm enters the gravity separation device, it is evenly spread by the vibration of the vibrating screen and separated into glass and silicon wafer mixtures by the wind force of the fan. The silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size separation device, and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature separation device to separate pure glass and impurities containing silicon wafers. Step 4: The circular vibrating screen in the second particle size sorting device is divided into three layers, which separate silicon wafers larger than 4 mm from the upper discharge port, a mixture of silicon wafers of 1-4 mm, semi-finished products of 0.1-1 mm, and impurities smaller than 0.1 mm. The mixture of silicon wafers of 1-4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device to separate pure silicon wafers and impurities containing small glass fragments.

[0016] The specific sorting process of the second optical feature sorting device in step 3 is as follows: the glass mixture enters the second optical feature sorting device, is buffered by the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism, and is evenly fed into the planar conveying mechanism under the conveying mechanism. Under the drive of the planar conveying mechanism, it is spread out in a layer and advances to the bottom of the optical sorting and detection mechanism. A high-speed industrial camera is used to take pictures and identify them one by one, and they are sorted one by one by the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism in conjunction with the high-speed industrial camera to obtain pure glass and small silicon wafer debris. The specific sorting process of the first optical feature sorting device in step 4 is as follows: the 1-4 mm silicon wafer mixture enters the first optical feature sorting device, is buffered by the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism, and is evenly fed into the planar conveying mechanism under the conveying mechanism. Driven by the planar conveying mechanism, it is spread out in a layer and advances to the bottom of the optical sorting and detection mechanism. A high-speed industrial camera is used to take pictures and identify them one by one, and they are sorted one by one by the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism in conjunction with the high-speed industrial camera to obtain pure silicon wafers and small glass debris.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Based on the output status of waste photovoltaic modules in the previous process, different characteristic sorting equipment is integrated. Utilizing the physical and chemical properties of the materials and the unique performance of various materials, a systematic process operation is adopted to provide technical support for the full automation of waste photovoltaic module recycling. This improves the safety, automation level, and operating efficiency of the production line, reduces reliance on manual labor and safety risks, and has the advantages of high precision, multi-specification compatibility, low damage rate, and low pollution. It enhances the overall operating efficiency of the photovoltaic recycling production line and can effectively solve the problems of low efficiency and poor adaptability of traditional photovoltaic recycling systems, realizing automated, efficient, and standardized sorting of various materials in waste photovoltaic modules. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a top view of the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the material sorting method for recycling waste photovoltaic modules according to the present invention.

[0019] In the figure, 1 is the first particle size sorting device; 2 is the shape sorting device; 3 is the specific gravity sorting device; 4 is the second particle size sorting device; 5 is the first optical feature sorting device; and 6 is the second optical feature sorting device. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific implementation methods. Example

[0021] refer to Figure 1-2 As shown, the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules includes a first particle size sorting device 1. The outlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 and the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 via two conveyor belts. The outlet of the shape sorting device 2 is connected to the inlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 is connected to a second particle size sorting device 4 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the second particle size sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the first optical feature sorting device 5 and the second optical feature sorting device 6 via two conveyor belts. Example

[0022] refer to Figure 1-2 As shown, the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules includes a first particle size sorting device 1. The outlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 and the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 via two conveyor belts. The outlet of the shape sorting device 2 is connected to the inlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 is connected to a second particle size sorting device 4 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the second particle size sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the first optical feature sorting device 5 and the second optical feature sorting device 6 via two conveyor belts.

[0023] Specifically, the first sorting device includes a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The vibrating motor drives the vibrating screen to vibrate. The vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is above 30 Hz, currently preferably 50 Hz, and the vibration frequency can be adjusted according to the material state and feeding rate, without being limited to this range. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 20 mm. The first sorting device includes an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port. The upper discharge port is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 via a conveyor belt, and the lower discharge port is connected to the inlet of the gravity sorting device 3 via a conveyor belt. Large glass sheets and metal strips larger than 20 mm flow out from the upper discharge port through the vibrating screen and head towards the shape sorting device 2, while glass-silicon wafer mixtures smaller than 20 mm flow out from the lower discharge port and head towards the gravity sorting device 3. Example

[0024] refer to Figure 1-2 As shown, the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules includes a first particle size sorting device 1. The outlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 and the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 via two conveyor belts. The outlet of the shape sorting device 2 is connected to the inlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 is connected to a second particle size sorting device 4 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the second particle size sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the first optical feature sorting device 5 and the second optical feature sorting device 6 via two conveyor belts.

[0025] Specifically, the first sorting device includes a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The vibrating motor drives the vibrating screen to vibrate. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 20 mm. The first sorting device includes an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port. The upper discharge port is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 via a conveyor belt. The lower discharge port is connected to the inlet of the gravity sorting device 3 via a conveyor belt. Large pieces of glass and metal strips larger than 20 mm flow out from the upper discharge port through the vibrating screen and head towards the shape sorting device 2. Glass-silicon wafer mixtures smaller than 20 mm flow out from the lower discharge port and head towards the gravity sorting device 3.

[0026] Specifically, the shape sorting device 2 is equipped with a double-layer roller and a drive motor. The double-layer roller is inclined at an angle of 10° towards the ground. The drive motor drives the double-layer roller to rotate at a speed of 10-50 r / min, which can be adjusted up and down according to the feeding situation. 15 r / min is preferred, but it is not limited to this value or range. The surface of the double-layer roller is evenly opened with 20 mm round holes and strip holes from the inlet to the outlet. The length of the strip holes is 200 mm and the width is 5 mm. This size can be adjusted according to the situation and is not limited. The shape sorting device 2 also includes an elevator, which adopts an inclined belt. The conveyor belt adopts a stainless steel plate chain structure and is covered with a heat-resistant and wear-resistant shielding layer to prevent fine materials from getting stuck in the gaps of the plate chain. The elevator transports the unbroken glass falling from the strip holes back to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2. Example

[0027] refer to Figure 1-2 As shown, the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules includes a first particle size sorting device 1. The outlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 and the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 via two conveyor belts. The outlet of the shape sorting device 2 is connected to the inlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 is connected to a second particle size sorting device 4 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the second particle size sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the first optical feature sorting device 5 and the second optical feature sorting device 6 via two conveyor belts.

[0028] Specifically, the first sorting device includes a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The vibrating motor drives the vibrating screen to vibrate. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 20 mm. The first sorting device includes an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port. The upper discharge port is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 via a conveyor belt. The lower discharge port is connected to the inlet of the gravity sorting device 3 via a conveyor belt. Large pieces of glass and metal strips larger than 20 mm flow out from the upper discharge port through the vibrating screen and head towards the shape sorting device 2. Glass-silicon wafer mixtures smaller than 20 mm flow out from the lower discharge port and head towards the gravity sorting device 3.

[0029] Specifically, the shape sorting device 2 is equipped with a double-layer roller and a drive motor. The double-layer roller is inclined at an angle of 10° towards the ground. The drive motor drives the double-layer roller to rotate. The surface of the double-layer roller is evenly opened with 20 mm round holes and strip holes from the inlet to the outlet. The shape sorting device 2 also includes a hoist, which transports the unbroken glass falling from the strip holes back to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2.

[0030] Specifically, the gravity sorting device 3 includes a fan and a vibrating screen. The vibrating screen vibrates and flattens the incoming material, with a vibration frequency of 20Hz or higher, preferably 45Hz. This frequency can be adjusted according to the material state and feeding rate, and is not limited to this value. After the glass-silicon wafer mixture smaller than 20mm enters, due to the different specific gravities of the silicon wafers and glass, the vibrating screen flattens and evenly feeds the material. Under the action of the fan, the material flows to different outlets. Specifically, while the material falls in a spiral channel, the fan creates a negative pressure above it. The amount of negative pressure is adjusted by the fan frequency to complete the sorting of materials with higher and lower specific gravities. Materials with a higher glass content (higher specific gravity) enter the second optical feature sorting device 6; materials with a higher silicon wafer content (lower specific gravity) enter the first optical feature sorting device 5. The gravity sorting device 3 includes a first outlet and a second outlet. The first outlet is connected to the second particle size sorting device 4, and the second outlet is connected to the second optical feature sorting device 6. Example

[0031] refer to Figure 1-2 As shown, the material sorting equipment for recycling waste photovoltaic modules includes a first particle size sorting device 1. The outlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 and the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 via two conveyor belts. The outlet of the shape sorting device 2 is connected to the inlet of the first particle size sorting device 1 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the specific gravity sorting device 3 is connected to a second particle size sorting device 4 via a conveyor belt. The outlet of the second particle size sorting device 4 is connected to the inlet of the first optical feature sorting device 5 and the second optical feature sorting device 6 via two conveyor belts.

[0032] Specifically, the first sorting device includes a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The vibrating motor drives the vibrating screen to vibrate. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 20 mm. The first sorting device includes an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port. The upper discharge port is connected to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 via a conveyor belt. The lower discharge port is connected to the inlet of the gravity sorting device 3 via a conveyor belt. Large pieces of glass and metal strips larger than 20 mm flow out from the upper discharge port through the vibrating screen and head towards the shape sorting device 2. Glass-silicon wafer mixtures smaller than 20 mm flow out from the lower discharge port and head towards the gravity sorting device 3.

[0033] Specifically, the shape sorting device 2 is equipped with a double-layer roller and a drive motor. The double-layer roller is inclined at an angle of 10° towards the ground. The drive motor drives the double-layer roller to rotate. The surface of the double-layer roller is evenly opened with 20 mm round holes and strip holes from the inlet to the outlet. The shape sorting device 2 also includes a hoist, which transports the unbroken glass falling from the strip holes back to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2.

[0034] Specifically, the gravity sorting device 3 includes a fan and a vibrating screen. The vibrating screen vibrates and flattens the incoming material. After the glass-silicon wafer mixture smaller than 20mm enters, due to the different specific gravities of the silicon wafers and glass, the material is evenly fed out by the vibrating screen and then flows to different outlets under the action of the fan. The material with a higher glass content (higher specific gravity) enters the second optical feature sorting device 6; the material with a higher silicon wafer content (lower specific gravity) enters the first optical feature sorting device 5. The gravity sorting device 3 includes a first outlet and a second outlet. The first outlet is connected to the second particle size sorting device 4, and the second outlet is connected to the second optical feature sorting device 6.

[0035] Specifically, the second particle size sorting device 4 includes a circular vibrating screen and a vibrating motor. The circular vibrating screen has a three-layer structure. The three layers of the circular vibrating screen are evenly provided with screen holes. The diameter of the screen holes is 4 mm, 1 mm and 0.1 mm from top to bottom in the three layers, respectively. The 4 mm screen has an upper discharge port on its side. The 1 mm screen has a lower discharge port on its side connected to the inlet of the first optical feature sorting device 5 via a conveyor belt. The 0.1 mm screen has a lower discharge port on its side.

[0036] The first optical feature sorting device 5 and the second optical feature sorting device 6 have the same structure. Both devices include a feeding mechanism, which includes a buffer hopper. A feeding mechanism is located below the buffer hopper, and the output end of the feeding mechanism is connected to a planar output mechanism. An optical sorting detection mechanism is located above the end of the planar output mechanism, and a high-speed airflow sorting mechanism is located inside the optical sorting detection mechanism. After the mixture enters the component glass recycling equipment, it is buffered by the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism. Then, under the action of the uniform feeding mechanism, it is evenly fed into the planar conveying mechanism. Driven by the planar conveying mechanism, it is spread into a layer and moves at high speed to the area below the optical sorting detection mechanism. A high-speed industrial camera takes pictures and identifies each piece. Then, the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism, which works with the camera, sorts each piece, removes impurities, and obtains pure glass / silicon wafers. These are then guided by a material diversion mechanism into different bins of the material buffering mechanism. The pure glass / silicon wafers can be directly recycled, while the remaining impurities are processed in other processes. The various parts of the equipment are connected and assembled by the assembly frame. The control system integrates the feeding mechanism, the uniform feeding mechanism, the planar conveying mechanism, the optical inspection mechanism, and the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism into one unit. The parameters of each mechanism can be controlled uniformly through the interface, and it is convenient to interact with the outside world. Example

[0037] refer to Figure 3 This embodiment describes a material sorting device for recycling waste photovoltaic modules, implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: After pretreatment, the waste photovoltaic modules are conveyed into the first particle size sorting device 1. Materials larger than 20 mm are sorted and enter the shape sorting device 2, while materials smaller than 20 mm enter the gravity sorting device 3. Specifically, after pretreatment, the waste photovoltaic modules are conveyed into the first particle size sorting device 1. The vibrating screen in the first particle size sorting device 1 separates large pieces of glass and metal strips larger than 20 mm, which flow out from the upper discharge port and enter the shape sorting device 2. The glass-silicon wafer mixture smaller than 20 mm flows out from the lower discharge port and enters the gravity sorting device 3. Step 2: The shape sorting device 2 sorts out the metal strips, and other materials are crushed here and returned to the first particle size sorting device 1 to repeat Step 1; Specifically, the double-layer drum of the shape sorting device 2 rotates to sort out glass and metal strips larger than 20 mm and advances under the action of the double-layer drum. The glass is broken into small pieces and falls through the circular hole, while the unbroken glass falls through the strip hole and is transported back to the inlet of the shape sorting device 2 by the elevator to continue to be circulated and crushed. The metal strips are clumped together under the action of the double-layer drum and advance to the outlet at the end of the drum. Other materials are crushed here and returned to the first particle size sorting device 1 to repeat Step 1. Step 3: The gravity separation device 3 separates the glass mixture and the silicon wafer mixture. The silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size separation device 4, and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature separation device 6 to separate pure glass and impurities containing silicon wafers. Specifically, after the glass-silicon wafer mixture smaller than 20 mm enters the gravity separation device 3, it is evenly spread by the vibration of the vibrating screen and separated into the glass mixture and the silicon wafer mixture under the action of the fan. The silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size separation device 4, and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature separation device 6 to separate pure glass and impurities containing silicon wafers. Step 4: The second particle size sorting device 4 separates silicon wafers larger than 4 mm, a mixture of silicon wafers between 1 and 4 mm, semi-finished products between 0.1 and 1 mm, and impurities smaller than 0.1 mm. The mixture of silicon wafers between 1 and 4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device 5 to separate pure silicon wafers and impurities containing small glass fragments. Specifically, the circular vibrating screen in the second particle size sorting device 4 is divided into three layers, which separate silicon wafers larger than 4 mm that flow out from the upper outlet, a mixture of silicon wafers between 1 and 4 mm, semi-finished products between 0.1 and 1 mm, and impurities smaller than 0.1 mm. The mixture of silicon wafers between 1 and 4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device 5 to separate pure silicon wafers and impurities containing small glass fragments.

[0038] The specific sorting process of the second optical feature sorting device 6 in step 3 is as follows: the glass mixture enters the second optical feature sorting device 6, is buffered by the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism, and is evenly fed into the planar conveying mechanism under the conveying mechanism. Under the drive of the planar conveying mechanism, it is spread out in a layer and advances to the bottom of the optical sorting and detection mechanism. A high-speed industrial camera is used to take pictures and identify them one by one, and they are sorted one by one by the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism in cooperation with the high-speed industrial camera to obtain pure glass and small silicon wafer debris. The specific sorting process of the first optical feature sorting device 5 in step 4 is as follows: the 1-4 mm silicon wafer mixture enters the first optical feature sorting device 5, is buffered by the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism, and is evenly fed into the planar conveying mechanism under the conveying mechanism. Under the drive of the planar conveying mechanism, it is spread out in a layer and advances to the bottom of the optical sorting and detection mechanism. It is then photographed and identified one by one by a high-speed industrial camera, and sorted one by one by a high-speed airflow sorting mechanism in conjunction with the high-speed industrial camera to obtain pure silicon wafers and small glass debris.

Claims

1. A material sorting apparatus for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, The first particle size sorting device (1) is connected with the inlet of the shape sorting device (2) and the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device (3) through two conveying belts, the outlet of the shape sorting device (2) is connected with the inlet of the first particle size sorting device (1) through a conveying belt, the outlet of the specific gravity sorting device (3) is connected with the second particle size sorting device (4) through a conveying belt, and the outlet of the second particle size sorting device (4) is connected with the inlets of the first optical characteristic sorting device (5) and the second optical characteristic sorting device (6) through two conveying belts.

2. The material sorting device for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sorting device comprises a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor, the vibrating frequency of the vibrating screen is not less than 30 HZ, the aperture of the vibrating screen is 20 mm, the first sorting device comprises an upper discharge port and a lower discharge port, the upper discharge port is connected with the inlet of the shape sorting device (2) through a conveying belt, and the lower discharge port is connected with the inlet of the specific gravity sorting device (3) through a conveying belt.

3. The material sorting device for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape sorting device (2) is internally provided with a double-layer roller and a driving motor, the inclination angle of the double-layer roller to the ground is 10°, the driving motor drives the double-layer roller to rotate, the rotating speed of the double-layer roller is 10-50 r / min, and 20 mm round holes and strip-shaped holes are uniformly arranged on the surface of the double-layer roller from the inlet to the outlet; the shape sorting device (2) further comprises an elevator, and the elevator conveys the unbroken glass falling from the strip-shaped holes back to the inlet of the shape sorting device (2).

4. The material sorting device for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific gravity sorting device (3) internally comprises a fan and a vibrating screen, the vibrating frequency of the vibrating screen is not less than 20 HZ, the vibrating screen vibrates and flattens the incoming material, the specific gravity sorting device (3) comprises a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is connected with the second particle size sorting device (4), and the second outlet is connected with the second optical characteristic sorting device (6).

5. The material sorting device for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second particle size sorting device (4) comprises a circular vibrating screen and a vibrating motor, the circular vibrating screen is divided into a three-layer structure, the three-layer structure surfaces of the circular vibrating screen are uniformly provided with screen holes, the diameters of the screen holes from top to bottom of the three-layer structure are 4 mm, 1 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, the upper discharge port is arranged on the side of the vibrating screen corresponding to 4 mm, the inlet of the first optical characteristic sorting device (5) is connected with the side of the vibrating screen corresponding to 1 mm through a conveying belt, and the lower discharge port is arranged on the side of the vibrating screen corresponding to 0.1 mm.

6. The material sorting device for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first optical characteristic sorting device (5) and the second optical characteristic sorting device (6) are the same in structure, the first optical characteristic sorting device (5) and the second optical characteristic sorting device (6) internally comprise a feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a buffer hopper, a feeding mechanism is arranged below the buffer hopper, the output end of the feeding mechanism is connected with a planar output mechanism, a light selection detection mechanism is arranged above the planar output mechanism, and a high-speed airflow sorting mechanism is arranged beside the light selection detection mechanism.

7. A material sorting method for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules, the material sorting apparatus for recycling of waste photovoltaic modules according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The following steps are implemented: Step 1, the pre-processed waste photovoltaic module is conveyed into the first particle size sorting device (1), and the material larger than 20 mm is sorted into the shape sorting device (2), and the material smaller than 20 mm is sorted into the specific gravity sorting device (3); Step 2, the shape sorting device (2) sorts out the metal strip, and other materials are broken and returned to the first particle size sorting device (1) to repeat step 1; Step 3, the specific gravity sorting device (3) sorts out the glass mixture and the silicon wafer mixture, the silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size sorting device (4), and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature sorting device (6) to sort out the pure glass and the impurities containing silicon wafers; Step 4, the second particle size sorting device (4) sorts out the silicon wafer larger than 4 mm, the silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm, the semi-finished product of 0.1-1 mm and the impurities below 0.1 mm, and the silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device (5) to sort out the pure silicon wafer and the impurities containing small glass.

8. The method for material sorting of waste photovoltaic modules for recycling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps are implemented according to the following steps: Step 1, the pre-processed waste photovoltaic module is conveyed into the first particle size sorting device (1), and the material larger than 20 mm is sorted into the shape sorting device (2), and the material smaller than 20 mm is sorted into the specific gravity sorting device (3); Step 2, the shape sorting device (2) sorts out the metal strip, and other materials are broken and returned to the first particle size sorting device (1) to repeat step 1; Step 3, the specific gravity sorting device (3) sorts out the glass mixture and the silicon wafer mixture, the silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size sorting device (4), and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature sorting device (6) to sort out the pure glass and the impurities containing silicon wafers; Step 4, the second particle size sorting device (4) sorts out the silicon wafer larger than 4 mm, the silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm, the semi-finished product of 0.1-1 mm and the impurities below 0.1 mm, and the silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device (5) to sort out the pure silicon wafer and the impurities containing small glass. The specific steps are implemented according to the following steps: Step 1, the pre-processed waste photovoltaic module is conveyed into the first particle size sorting device (1), and the material larger than 20 mm is sorted into the shape sorting device (2), and the material smaller than 20 mm is sorted into the specific gravity sorting device (3); Step 2, the shape sorting device (2) sorts out the metal strip, and other materials are broken and returned to the first particle size sorting device (1) to repeat step 1; Step 3, the specific gravity sorting device (3) sorts out the glass mixture and the silicon wafer mixture, the silicon wafer mixture enters the second particle size sorting device (4), and the glass mixture enters the second optical feature sorting device (6) to sort out the pure glass and the impurities containing silicon wafers; Step 4, the second particle size sorting device (4) sorts out the silicon wafer larger than 4 mm, the silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm, the semi-finished product of 0.1-1 mm and the impurities below 0.1 mm, and the silicon wafer mixture of 1-4 mm enters the first optical feature sorting device (5) to sort out the pure silicon wafer and the impurities containing small glass.

9. The method for material sorting of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific sorting process of the second optical characteristic sorting device (6) in step 3 is that the glass mixture compound enters the second optical characteristic sorting device (6), is buffered through the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism, is uniformly fed into the plane conveying mechanism under the conveying of the feeding mechanism, is dispersed and laid in a layer and is forwarded to below the light selection detection mechanism, is identified by photographing one by one through the high-speed industrial camera, and is sorted one by one through the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism matched with the high-speed industrial camera, so that pure glass and small silicon chip sundries are obtained. The specific sorting process of the first optical characteristic sorting device (5) in step 4 is that the 1-4 mm silicon chip mixture enters the first optical characteristic sorting device (5), is buffered through the buffer hopper in the feeding mechanism, is uniformly fed into the plane conveying mechanism under the conveying of the feeding mechanism, is dispersed and laid in a layer and is forwarded to below the light selection detection mechanism, is identified by photographing one by one through the high-speed industrial camera, and is sorted one by one through the high-speed airflow sorting mechanism matched with the high-speed industrial camera, so that pure silicon chips and small glass sundries are obtained.

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