Landslide monitoring device and method for mine ecological restoration

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration monitoring, and discloses a landslide monitoring device and method for mine ecological restoration, and the device comprises a shell which comprises a cylindrical part shell and a moving part longitudinally connected to the part shell in a sliding manner, and a signal transmitting module is arranged at the top of the moving part; the inclination measuring piece is arranged at the bottom of the component shell; the conical head is arranged at the bottom of the inclination measuring piece; the spring rods are horizontally arrayed in the circumferential direction of the component shell, the protection plates are arranged at the ends of movable rods of the spring rods, and clamping rings are arranged on the spring rods; the installation ring is arranged on the inclination measuring piece in a sleeving mode, the arc-shaped plates and the connecting plates are arranged above the installation ring, sliding blocks are hinged to the tops of the arc-shaped plates, the connecting plates are connected with the sliding blocks in a sliding mode respectively, and connectors are arranged at the ends of the connecting plates; the device can be quickly and accurately arranged on a steep slope in a large scale, is damage-resistant, and improves the geological disaster monitoring capability and the safety guarantee level of a mine ecological restoration area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration monitoring technology, and in particular to a landslide monitoring device and method for mine ecological restoration. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development and utilization of mining resources, the ecological environment of mines has been severely damaged, and geological disasters such as landslides occur frequently, seriously threatening the lives and property of surrounding residents and the smooth progress of mine ecological restoration projects. Landslide monitoring, as a key link in geological disaster prevention and control, is of great significance for timely early warning, advance evacuation, and the formulation of restoration strategies.

[0003] To improve the accuracy of mine landslide monitoring, existing technologies often employ landslide monitoring devices with flexible tilt measuring elements. These elements are embedded within the slope to continuously monitor surface shifts. When a shift occurs in the mine surface, the flexible tilt measuring element deflects completely. The sensing module inside the element transmits the surface shift information via a corresponding signal transmission module, providing early warning of landslides.

[0004] While the aforementioned landslide monitoring devices are widely used due to their high monitoring accuracy and early warning capabilities, their deployment requires the initial drilling of insertion holes in the mine slope before the device can be placed inside. Since many mine landslide monitoring points are located on steep slopes, this placement method is not only inherently dangerous and complex, but the pre-drilled insertion holes may not perfectly align with the device's flexible tilt measuring section, potentially causing bending during deployment and affecting subsequent monitoring. Furthermore, to ensure successful signal transmission and prevent damage from falling rocks, protective components are often installed on the exposed signal transmission module, further increasing the device's structural complexity, interfering with deployment, and making deployment on steep slopes more difficult, thus hindering large-scale deployment and monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a landslide monitoring device and method for mine ecological restoration to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration has a simple overall structure and can be deployed quickly and accurately on a large scale on steep mine slopes.

[0006] It has improved the geological disaster monitoring capabilities and safety assurance level in the ecological restoration area of ​​the mine.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: a landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration, comprising a signal transmission module, and the monitoring device further comprising: The housing includes a cylindrical component shell and a movable part that is longitudinally slidably connected to the component shell, and the signal transmitting module is disposed on the top of the movable part; The inclination measuring element is a flexible cylindrical shape, located at the bottom of the component shell, and is used to embed it in the slope to measure the slope offset; The cone is positioned at the bottom of the tilt measuring component; The protective component includes multiple spring rods arranged horizontally in the circumference of the component housing to provide protective plates at the ends of the movable rods of each spring rod, and the spring rods are provided with snap rings; The kit includes a mounting ring fitted onto the tilt measuring component, multiple arc-shaped plates positioned above the mounting ring, and multiple connecting plates. The mounting ring is detachably connected to the top of the cone head. A slider is hinged to the top of the arc-shaped plate. The multiple connecting plates are slidably connected to the multiple sliders respectively. Each of the multiple connecting plates has a connector head that mates with a snap-fit ​​ring at the end away from the arc-shaped plate.

[0008] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the component housing is provided with a controller that is signal-connected to the signal transmission module, and the tilt measuring element includes; A flexible cylinder, the top and bottom of which are fixedly connected to the component shell and the cone head, respectively; Multiple rigid rods are connected by ball joints in sequence, with the uppermost and lowermost rigid rods hinged to the component shell and the cone head, respectively; Multiple strain gauge sensors are respectively installed at the connection points of two adjacent rigid rods, and all of the strain gauge sensors are connected to the controller signal.

[0009] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a connecting ring is fitted on the movable rod of the spring rod, a spring is fitted between the connecting ring and the tube body of the spring rod, and a snap ring is disposed on the connecting ring.

[0010] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the top of the component shell is provided with an annular groove that is open at the top, the movable part is a cylindrical shape that is open at the bottom, the movable part is slidably connected in the annular groove, and the movable part is provided with an abutment ring. When the connector of the connecting plate is connected to the snap ring, the connecting plate abuts against the abutment ring.

[0011] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the cone head includes a first cone head with a smooth outer surface and a second cone head with helical blades on its outer wall.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the cylinders of the plurality of spring rods are all hinged to the side of the component housing by U-shaped rings, and each of the arc-shaped plates passes through the U-shaped rings respectively.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the top of the cone head is provided with an annular snap-fit ​​groove, the inner wall of the annular snap-fit ​​groove is provided with an L-shaped snap-fit ​​groove, the mounting ring is embedded in the annular snap-fit ​​groove, and the side wall of the mounting ring is provided with a snap-fit ​​connector embedded in the L-shaped snap-fit ​​groove.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, when both the arc-shaped plate and the connecting plate are in a vertical state, the ends of the arc-shaped plate and the connecting plate abut against each other.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, each of the rigid rods is provided with a plurality of support rods in a horizontal circumferential direction, and the ends of the plurality of support rods away from the rigid rods are provided with arc-shaped abutment plates that abut against the inner wall of the flexible cylinder.

[0016] This invention also proposes a method for using a landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration, comprising the following steps: When deploying the device: select one with a first cone head or a second cone head according to the geological conditions of the mine slope; Open multiple spring rods so that they are perpendicular to the component housing, then hammer or screw the device into the slope soil until the spring rods are close to the slope surface; then hold the component housing and rotate the multiple connecting plates so that the connecting plates cause the mounting ring on the arc plate to disengage from the cone head; pull the connecting plates upward so that the entire flexible cylinder abuts against the slope, and connect the multiple connecting plates to the locking ring through the connector; When the device encounters the impact of rolling stones, the protective plate can protect the signal transmission module. Under a large impact, the connecting plate can drive the moving part and the signal transmission module to rise, and at the same time reduce the footprint of the device to prevent damage to the device.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration. During use, the mounting ring and cone head of the kit are detachably connected. Through the combined action of the mounting ring, multiple arc-shaped plates, and multiple connecting plates, a rigid protective layer is formed around the flexible tilt measuring component. During installation, the cone head can be directly aligned with the monitoring point on a steep slope without the need for an insertion hole. The device can then be screwed or hammered into the slope. Once the tilt measuring component is fully inside the slope, the connection between the mounting ring and the cone head is released, and the connecting plates are pulled upwards. This causes the connecting plates to move the arc-shaped plates and the mounting ring upwards, forming the outer side of the component shell. The multiple connecting plates are then connected to the locking ring via connectors, thus completing the rapid installation of the device. Compared to existing technologies, this device does not require pre-drilling insertion holes during installation; it can be directly screwed or hammered into the slope. The connecting ring, arc-shaped plates, and connecting plates can be integrated into the slope. The device is fully protected, facilitating rapid installation. The upward pull ensures the created opening perfectly aligns with the tilt measuring component, preventing interference with subsequent testing. Furthermore, the upward-pulled arc plate and connecting plate provide additional protection to the component housing. Before installation, the connecting plate simplifies the protective structure, allowing for easier screwing or hammering. After installation, it can be deflected to act as a support rod, raising the signal transmitting module in the event of a falling rock impact, preventing complete damage and loss of early warning capabilities. The multiple applications of the kit, consisting of the connecting ring, arc plate, and connecting plate, simplify the installation process and overall structure. It provides multiple layers of protection during installation and use, enabling rapid and accurate large-scale deployment on steep mine slopes. The kit also possesses sufficient resistance to damage, enhancing geological disaster monitoring capabilities and safety in mine ecological restoration areas. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a partial structure.

[0022] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a partial structure.

[0023] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Detailed structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Detailed structural diagram of section B in the middle.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Signal transmitting module; 2. Housing; 21. Component housing; 211. Annular groove; 22. Moving part; 221. Abutment ring; 3. Inclination measuring component; 31. Flexible cylinder; 32. Rigid rod; 321. Support rod; 322. Arc-shaped abutment plate; 33. Strain gauge sensor; 4. Cone head; 41. First cone head; 42. Second cone head; 43. Annular mounting groove; 431. L-shaped mounting groove; 5. Protective component; 51. Spring rod; 511. Mounting ring; 512. Connecting ring; 52. Protective plate; 6. Kit; 61. Mounting ring; 62. Arc-shaped plate; 621. Slider; 63. Connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The accompanying drawings in this invention are not strictly drawn to scale, and the specific dimensions and quantity of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in this invention are merely structural schematic diagrams.

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "far," "near," "front," and "rear" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0030] Combination Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration includes a signal transmitting module 1. The monitoring device also includes: The housing 2 includes a cylindrical component housing 21 and a movable part 22 that is longitudinally slidably connected to the component housing 21. The signal transmitting module 1 is disposed on the top of the movable part 22.

[0031] The inclination measuring element 3 is a flexible cylindrical shape and is set at the bottom of the component shell 21. It is used to be buried in the slope to measure the slope offset; the cone head 4 is set at the bottom of the inclination measuring element 3.

[0032] The protective component 5 includes a plurality of horizontally arranged spring rods 51 circumferentially on the component housing 21 to a protective plate 52 disposed at the movable end of each spring rod 51, and a snap ring 511 is provided on the spring rod 51.

[0033] The kit 6 includes a mounting ring 61 fitted onto the tilt measuring component 3, multiple arc-shaped plates 62 positioned above the mounting ring 61, and multiple connecting plates 63. The mounting ring 61 is detachably connected to the top of the cone head 4. A slider 621 is hinged to the top of the arc-shaped plate 62. The multiple connecting plates 63 are slidably connected to the multiple sliders 621 respectively. Each end of the multiple connecting plates 63 away from the arc-shaped plate 62 is provided with a connector that mates with the snap ring 511.

[0034] This application realizes a landslide monitoring device that can be accurately installed without pre-drilling holes. Due to the use of a detachable mounting ring 61 combined with a cone head 4, the mounting component 6 acts as a rigid reinforcement during installation, effectively preventing the inclination measuring element 3 from bending during insertion. This solves the installation distortion problem caused by difficulties in pre-drilling or poor matching in traditional devices. After installation, by disconnecting the connection and lifting the connecting plate 63, the inclination measuring element 3 returns to a flexible state, ensuring its accurate response to slope displacement. Simultaneously, the reconnection of the connecting plate 63 and the snap-fit ​​ring 511 forms a stable external support frame, which, combined with the elastic characteristics of the spring rod 51, gives the device buffering and responsiveness to external impacts. Therefore, this device significantly lowers the technical threshold for steep slope installation, improves installation efficiency and safety, and enhances its resistance to damage during long-term operation, making it suitable for large-scale, high-density deployment in mine ecological restoration areas.

[0035] As an alternative embodiment, a connecting ring 512 is fitted on the movable rod of the spring rod 51, and a spring is fitted between the connecting ring 512 and the tube of the spring rod 51. A snap ring 511 is disposed on the connecting ring 512. The arrangement of the connecting ring 512 and the spring enables the protective components of the device to adapt to multiple impacts. When the protective plate 52 of the device is subjected to a small impact, the protective plate 52 compresses the spring rod 51 to extend and retract slightly, so that each protective plate 52 can independently cope with small impacts and will not directly trigger the rise of the signal generation module 1.

[0036] As an alternative embodiment, the component housing 21 has an annular groove 211 with an open top, and the moving part 22 is a cylindrical shape with an open bottom. The moving part 22 is slidably connected in the annular groove 211, and has an abutment ring 221 on it. When the connector of the connecting plate 63 is connected to the locking ring 511, the connecting plate 63 abuts against the abutment ring 221. Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the positioning and fixing of the moving part by utilizing the spatial fit between existing structures without adding an additional locking mechanism. Since the connecting plate 63 must be connected to the locking ring 511 after its installation to make the entire protection system effective, this connection action naturally triggers the contact between the abutment ring 221 and the connecting plate 63, forming a linkage locking mechanism. This design avoids the situation where the moving part 22 is not locked due to misoperation, thus improving the reliability of the device operation. At the same time, because the moving part 22 is raised and locked in a high position, the survival probability of the signal transmission module when encountering rolling stone impacts or partial collapse is significantly improved, reducing the risk of communication interruption caused by equipment subsidence. This structure is particularly suitable for mine restoration areas with loose slopes and prone to minor displacements, ensuring the continuity of long-term monitoring functions.

[0037] As an alternative embodiment, the cone 4 includes a first conical head 41 with a smooth outer surface and a second conical head 42 with helical blades on its outer wall. Specifically, the first conical head 41 and the second conical head 42 can be configured to be threadedly connected to the bottom of the inclinometer 3. The first conical head 41 has a smooth, continuous outer surface, suitable for high-density, hard, or gravelly soil environments. When the entire monitoring device is driven into the slope using a hammer method, the smooth conical surface significantly reduces the lateral frictional resistance of the soil against the direction of the cone's movement, avoiding jamming or deflection caused by localized stress concentration, thus ensuring that the inclinometer 3 can enter the predetermined depth vertically and smoothly. This type of cone 4 can be made of high-strength alloy steel, and its cone angle can be set to any value between 30° and 60° according to actual engineering requirements to balance penetration force and structural strength. The second conical head 42 has helical blades on its outer wall, forming a screw-like screw-in structure, particularly suitable for loose sand, cohesive soil, or weathered layers, and other geological conditions with a certain degree of plasticity. During deployment, an external power tool (such as a handheld electric drill drive) can be used to apply rotational torque to the device, causing the second conical head 42 to gradually screw into the soil using the self-tapping action of the helical blades, achieving stable anchoring. The pitch and helix angle of the helical blades can be adjusted according to the soil characteristics. For example, a larger pitch is used in soft soil to increase the feed rate, while a smaller pitch is used in dense soil to enhance the biting force and pull-out resistance. The helical blades themselves can be made of stainless steel or carbon steel with a surface anti-corrosion coating to ensure corrosion resistance during long-term burial. Both types of conical heads are equipped with a unified interface structure, which allows for quick and detachable connection to the bottom of the inclinometer 3, facilitating flexible replacement on-site based on survey results. This modular design not only reduces equipment storage costs but also avoids repeated construction due to misjudgment. The first conical head 41 and the second conical head 42 maintain the same connection dimensions and installation positioning reference in structure, ensuring that replacement does not affect the spatial attitude calibration of the internal sensor of the inclinometer 3, maintaining the consistency of measurement accuracy. The selection of the two types of cones depends primarily on the characteristics of the surface and shallow soil of the slope: for areas with exposed rock, high gravel content, or hard, compacted soil, the first cone 41 is preferred for rapid implantation via impact; while for thick vegetation cover, loose soil, or deposits with a risk of slippage, the second cone 42 is more suitable for screw-in installation, utilizing its good self-stability and anti-disturbance capabilities to reduce damage to the original soil. Through the above technical solution, this application achieves optimized adaptability to different types of geological environments. Because of the smooth outer surface of the first cone 41 and the spiral blades of the second cone 42, users can select the most suitable cone type based on the site geological conditions before deployment. This solves the problems of installation difficulties, jamming, or insufficient anchoring caused by the traditional single-structure cone 4's inability to accommodate various geological conditions, thereby improving the applicability and deployment success rate of the device in complex terrain and enhancing the reliability and practicality of the overall monitoring system.

[0038] As an alternative embodiment, the cylinders of multiple spring rods 51 are all hinged to the side of the component housing 21 via U-shaped rings, and each arc plate 62 passes through the U-shaped rings respectively; the above arrangement makes the entire protective component 5 foldable on the side of the device, and at the beginning of the device being hammered or screwed into the slope, since there is no interference from the protective component 5, it is convenient to operate the device by hand.

[0039] As an alternative embodiment, the top of the cone head 4 is provided with an annular locking groove 43, and the inner wall of the annular locking groove 43 is provided with an L-shaped locking groove 431. The mounting ring 61 is embedded into the annular locking groove 43, and the side wall of the mounting ring 61 is provided with a locking connector that is embedded into the L-shaped locking groove 431. Before the device is installed, the mounting ring 61 is aligned with the annular locking groove 43 and inserted, so that the locking connector enters the radial entry section of the L-shaped locking groove 431. Then, a rotational torque is applied, so that the mounting ring 61 rotates relative to the cone head 4 at a certain angle (such as 30°~90°), and the locking connector then rotates into the axial locking section of the L-shaped locking groove 431, completing the pre-fixing. When separation is required, the mounting ring 61 is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the locking connector exits the locking section and returns to the radially removable state, and the entire kit 6 can be pulled out upwards. This connection method is similar to a quick-release bayonet mechanism, which has the advantages of simple operation and firm connection.

[0040] As an alternative embodiment, when both the arc-shaped plate 62 and the connecting plate 63 are in a vertical state, their ends abut against each other; when both the arc-shaped plate 62 and the connecting plate 63 are in a vertical state, their ends reliably abut against each other, thereby improving the structural continuity and overall deformation resistance between components without adding additional connecting parts. Since the connecting plate 63 transforms into a supporting component after installation, the continuous force transmission path formed by it and the arc-shaped plate 62 can effectively transfer external forces to the protective component 5 and the main structure of the shell 2, reducing local stress concentration. At the same time, this abutment structure avoids the assembly complexity and loosening risk associated with traditional bolt connections, simplifies on-site operation procedures, and improves the deployment efficiency and long-term operational reliability of the device in steep slope environments.

[0041] As an alternative embodiment, the component housing 21 houses a controller connected to the signal transmission module 1. The tilt measuring component 3 includes a flexible cylinder 31, multiple rigid rods 32, and multiple strain gauge sensors 33. The top and bottom ends of the flexible cylinder 31 are fixedly connected to the component housing 21 and the cone head 4, respectively. The multiple rigid rods 32 are connected in a ball joint, with the uppermost and lowermost rigid rods 31 hinged to the component housing 21 and the cone head 4, respectively. The multiple strain gauge sensors 33 are respectively located at the connection points of two adjacent rigid rods 32, and all of the strain gauge sensors 33 are connected to the controller. The controller is responsible for receiving the raw electrical signals from the multiple strain gauge sensors 33, filtering, amplifying, converting analog to digital, and processing the signals using algorithms to generate standardized displacement parameter information. The controller can use a low-power embedded microcontroller unit (MCU), such as a chip based on the ARM Cortex-M series architecture, which has multi-channel data acquisition capabilities, timed interrupt response functions, and a serial communication interface, supporting stable operation under long-term field conditions. The controller can also be configured with a local storage unit to cache data records during abnormal periods to prevent information loss due to communication interruptions. The flexible cylinder 31 can be made of moderately elastic polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or silicone rubber. Its length is set according to the monitoring depth requirements, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the space size of the pre-drilled channel or natural insertion path to ensure sufficient contact with the surrounding soil without generating excessive resistance. The two ends of the flexible cylinder are fixedly connected to the bottom of the component shell 21 and the top of the cone head 4 through sealing rings or threaded clamping structures, forming a closed protective cavity to effectively prevent groundwater infiltration and silt blockage from affecting the internal mechanism's operation. Multiple rigid rods 32 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction and connected by ball-head hinges, forming a flexible sensing chain that can be freely bent in space. Each rigid rod body is injection molded from stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or engineering plastic, with a circular or polygonal cross-section and a length ranging from approximately 5cm to 20cm, adjusted according to the measurement resolution requirements. The ball-head connection structure allows for multi-degree-of-freedom relative rotation between adjacent rigid rods 32, including changes in pitch and yaw angles, thereby accurately reflecting the shear deformation state of the local strata. The uppermost rigid rod is hinged to the component housing 21 via a universal joint or ball joint structure, ensuring its flexible swing with the overall tilt. The lowermost rigid rod 32 is hinged to the cone head 4, giving the entire tilt chain the ability to adapt to terrain and preventing jamming or damage during insertion. Strain gauge sensors 33 are mainly used to detect changes in bending stress caused by relative rotation between the two components. These sensors can be foil-type resistance strain gauges or semiconductor piezoresistive strain gauges, pasted or embedded in the stress-sensitive areas of the connecting joint, such as the neck of the ball head or the root of the connecting arm. When a section of the rigid rod 32 deflects due to slope slippage, a small strain is generated at the connection, causing a change in the resistance value of the strain gauge, which is converted into a voltage signal output by a Wheatstone bridge circuit.All strain gauge sensors 33 are connected to the controller via shielded wires, forming a distributed sensing network to achieve synchronous monitoring of displacement gradients at multiple cross-sections along the slope. The components work collaboratively: the flexible cylinder 31 provides overall support and environmental isolation, ensuring the normal operation of the internal structure; the chain structure composed of multiple rigid rods 32 gives the tilt measuring element 3 good spatial compliance, enabling it to continuously deform along with the potential sliding surface inside the slope; the strain gauge sensors 33 are distributed at key connection points, capturing each level of minute deformation and improving spatial resolution; the controller completes signal acquisition, processing, and command issuance, realizing a closed-loop transformation from physical deformation to digital early warning.

[0042] As an alternative embodiment, each rigid rod 32 is provided with multiple horizontal support rods 321 along its circumference. The ends of these support rods 321 away from the rigid rods 32 are provided with arc-shaped abutment plates 322 that abut against the inner wall of the flexible cylinder 31. The support rods 321 and the arc-shaped abutment plates 322 together form a distributed radial support system, working in conjunction with the rigid rods 32 and the flexible cylinder 31. The multiple support rods are equidistantly distributed along the circumference (e.g., three arranged at a 120° angle) to ensure uniformity of the support force. When an off-center load occurs in any direction, the arc-shaped abutment plate 322 in the corresponding position will preferentially bear the force and undergo slight compression or elastic yielding, while the remaining positions maintain their support effect, thus achieving dynamic adaptive limiting. This structure not only improves the overall structural consistency of the tilt measuring element 3 but also enhances the linear characteristics of the deformation response, making the relative rotation at the ball joint connection between adjacent rigid rods 32 more stable and predictable, thereby improving the repeatability and accuracy of the data collected by the strain gauge sensor 33.

[0043] This invention also proposes a method for using a landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration, comprising the following steps: When deploying the device, the first conical head 41 or the second conical head 42 is selected based on the geological conditions of the mine slope. In this technical solution, "based on the geological conditions of the mine slope" refers to the process of surveying and evaluating engineering geological parameters such as the stratum structure, soil type, water content, and density of the target area before actual deployment. For example, in loose sandy soil or weathered residual layers, a second conical head 42 with helical blades on its outer wall can be selected to reduce penetration resistance and improve installation efficiency through its self-tapping screwing capability. In hard clay or gravel mixed layers, a smooth-surfaced first conical head 41 is selected to reduce frictional loss and prevent device deflection or jamming. The first conical head 41 can be made of high-strength alloy steel with a wear-resistant coating, suitable for impact penetration operations in high-density soil environments. The second conical head 42 can have continuous or intermittent helical blades on its outer periphery, similar to a twist drill structure, to achieve stable screwing under low torque conditions. Both types of cones are designed with detachable connections, facilitating on-site replacement and adaptation, and improving the applicability and flexibility of the method.

[0044] Multiple spring rods 51 are opened so that they are perpendicular to the component shell 21. The device is then hammered or screwed into the slope soil until the spring rods 51 are close to the slope surface. Opening the multiple spring rods 51 means manually or with a tool triggering the spring rods 51 from a retracted state to a radially extended state, causing their movable rods to pop outward in the horizontal direction, forming a support arm structure evenly distributed around the circumference of the component shell 21. As the core component of the protective part 5, the fixed end of the spring rod 51 is hinged to the side wall of the component shell 21 via a U-shaped ring, allowing for a certain angle adjustment to ensure that it can maintain a stable vertical posture after being opened. When the device is hammered or mechanically driven to rotate and penetrate the slope, the multiple spring rods 51 form a rigid outer frame, effectively protecting the internal tilt measuring component 3 and signal transmitting module 1 from damage by lateral shear force. This process does not require pre-drilling holes; the entire device is directly guided into the soil using a cone head, significantly simplifying the construction process on steep slopes and reducing the risks of working at height. When the device sinks to the predetermined depth, that is, when the spring rod 51 is close to the ground surface, the penetration stops. At this time, the tilt measuring element 3 has been fully embedded in the stable layer below the potential sliding surface, providing a reliable basis for subsequent monitoring.

[0045] Hold the component housing 21 and rotate multiple connecting plates 63 to disengage the mounting ring 61 on the arc-shaped plate 62 from the cone head 4. Rotating the connecting plates 63 applies a torsional torque, changing the relative angle between the connecting plates 63 and the slider 621, thus transmitting motion to the arc-shaped plate 62 and its top mounting ring 61. The mounting ring 61 and the cone head 4 are quickly locked together via an annular locking groove 43 and an L-shaped locking groove 431. Initially, the locking head is embedded in the locking section of the L-shaped groove to prevent accidental dislodgement. When the operator simultaneously rotates each connecting plate 63 by a certain angle, such as 90° or 180°, the locking head slides along the L-shaped path to the release port, completing the unlocking action. This design achieves non-destructive separation of the mounting ring 61 and the cone head 4, ensuring a safe and controllable unlocking process. Because the multiple connecting plates 63 are symmetrically arranged, synchronous operation ensures balanced force, avoiding stress concentration on one side that could lead to structural deformation.

[0046] Pull the connecting plate 63 upwards so that the entire flexible cylinder 31 comes into contact with the slope, and connect multiple connecting plates 63 to the snap ring 511 via connectors. Pulling the connecting plate 63 upwards means that after releasing the connection between the mounting ring 61 and the cone head 4, the connecting plate 63 is pulled axially, causing the arc plate 62 and the mounting ring 61 to move upwards as a whole, thereby releasing the flexible cylinder 31 that was encased within them. With the removal of the sleeve 6, the flexible cylinder 31 is fully exposed and in close contact with the surrounding soil, which can accurately reflect the internal displacement changes of the slope. Then, the connector at the far end of the connecting plate 63 is connected and fixed to the snap ring 511 set on the spring rod 51. At this time, the connecting plate 63 changes from the original auxiliary component to part of the support structure, forming a stable external frame system together with the spring rod 51 and the protective plate 52, which not only enhances the device's anti-overturning ability but also provides a mechanical transmission path for the subsequent dynamic response mechanism.

[0047] When the device encounters the impact of rolling stones, the protective plate 52 protects the signal transmitting module 1. Under significant impact, the connecting plate 63 drives the moving part 22 and the signal transmitting module 1 to rise, preventing damage to the device. The protective plate 52, located at the movable end of the spring rod 51, is typically made of curved metal or high-strength composite material, providing elastic cushioning to absorb the initial kinetic energy of the rolling stone impact. When the impact force exceeds a preset threshold, the external force is transmitted through the protective plate 52 to the connecting plate 63, and then through the connector to the locking ring 511, pushing the entire connecting structure upwards. Since the connecting plate 63 abuts against the moving part 22 (e.g., at the locking ring 221), this movement further drives the moving part 22 to slide upwards along the annular groove 211 of the component shell 21, thus passively lifting the signal transmitting module 1 located at its top. This passive lifting mechanism can delay the time window during mudslides or rockfalls, maintaining uninterrupted communication links. The spring element (such as that located between the connecting ring 512 and the spring rod tube) also plays a buffering and resetting role in this process, allowing the device to automatically return to its original position after slight disturbance.

[0048] Through the above-described steps, this application presents a landslide monitoring method that requires no pre-drilling and possesses dynamic protection capabilities. The optional dual-mode cone head design allows this method to be applied to slope penetration operations under various geological conditions. By utilizing spring rods to provide radial support during deployment and combining this with the protective guidance of the inclination measuring element using the kit, the problem of measurement distortion caused by pre-bending in traditional methods is solved. The rotation, unlocking, and lifting operation process achieves in-situ release and full fit of the inclination measuring element, improving monitoring accuracy. After deployment, the connecting plate is reconfigured as a force transmission path, triggering a passive lifting mechanism of the signal transmission module upon external impact, effectively avoiding the risk of complete burial or structural damage to the equipment. Therefore, this method not only significantly reduces the deployment difficulty and safety risks of monitoring devices in steep slope environments but also significantly enhances the system's environmental adaptability and long-term operational reliability, making it particularly suitable for the large-scale, grid-based geological disaster early warning deployment needs of mine ecological restoration areas.

[0049] The above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions implemented in the present invention, and should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration, comprising a signal transmitting module, characterized in that, The monitoring device further comprises: a shell, including a component shell in a cylindrical shape and a moving part longitudinally slidingly connected to the component shell, and the signal emitting module is arranged on the top of the moving part; a tilt measuring part, in a flexible cylindrical shape, arranged on the bottom of the component shell, used for embedding in the slope to measure the deviation of the slope; the bottom of the tilt measuring part is provided with a tapered head; a protection part, including a plurality of spring rods arranged in a horizontal array around the component shell and a protection plate arranged on the movable rod end of each spring rod, and a clamping ring is arranged on the spring rod; a sleeving part, including a mounting ring sleeved on the tilt measuring part, a plurality of arc-shaped plates arranged above the mounting ring, and a plurality of connecting plates, the mounting ring is detachably connected to the top of the tapered head, the top of the arc-shaped plate is hinged with a sliding block, the plurality of connecting plates are slidingly connected with the plurality of sliding blocks respectively, and the end of the plurality of connecting plates away from the arc-shaped plate is provided with a connecting head matched with the clamping ring. 2.The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein A connecting ring is sleeved on the movable rod of the spring rod, a spring is sleeved between the connecting ring and the pipe body of the spring rod, and the clamping ring is arranged on the connecting ring. 3.The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein The top of the component shell is provided with an annular groove open at the top, the moving part is a cylinder open at the bottom, the moving part is slidingly connected in the annular groove, and the moving part is provided with an abutting ring, when the connecting head of the connecting plate is connected with the clamping ring, the connecting plate abuts against the abutting ring. 4.The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein The tapered head includes a first tapered head with a smooth outer surface and a second tapered head with a spiral blade on the outer wall.

5. The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipe bodies of the plurality of spring rods are hinged to the side edges of the component shell through U-shaped rings, and each arc-shaped plate passes between the U-shaped rings.

6. The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the tapered head is provided with an annular clamping groove, the inner wall of the annular clamping groove is provided with an L-shaped clamping groove, the mounting ring is embedded into the annular clamping groove, and the side wall of the mounting ring is provided with a clamping head embedded into the L-shaped clamping groove.

7. The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the arc-shaped plate and the connecting plate are in a vertical state, the ends of the arc-shaped plate and the connecting plate abut against each other. 8.The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration of claim 1, wherein, The component shell is provided with a controller connected with the signal of the signal emitting module, and the tilt measuring part includes: a flexible cylinder, the top end and the bottom end of which are fixedly connected with the component shell and the tapered head respectively; a plurality of rigid rods, sequentially connected by spherical heads, the uppermost and lowermost rigid rods are hinged with the component shell and the tapered head respectively; a plurality of strain gauge sensors, arranged at the connection between two adjacent rigid rods, and the plurality of strain gauge sensors are signal-connected with the controller. 9.The landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration of claim 2, wherein The circumferences of the rigid rods are horizontally provided with a plurality of support rods, and the ends of the plurality of support rods away from the rigid rods are provided with arc-shaped abutting plates abutting against the inner wall of the flexible cylinder.

10. A method for using a landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration, based on the landslide monitoring device for mine ecological restoration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: When the device is laid out, according to the geological conditions of the mine slope, a first tapered head or a second tapered head is selected; open the plurality of spring rods to make the plurality of spring rods perpendicular to the component shell, then hammer or screw the device into the soil of the slope surface until the plurality of spring rods are close to the ground surface of the slope; hold the fixed component shell and rotate the plurality of connecting plates to make the mounting ring on the arc-shaped plate and the tapered head disengage from the clamping state; pull out the connecting plate upward to make the entire flexible cylinder abut against the slope, and connect the plurality of connecting plates to the clamping ring through the connecting head; When the device encounters the impact of the rolling stone, the protection plate can protect the signal transmission module, and under the action of a larger impact, the moving part and the signal transmission module are driven to rise through the connecting plate, so as to prevent the device from being damaged.

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