Construction method of fungus and grass composite sand barrier

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method of a fungus and grass composite sand barrier, and belongs to the technical field of ecological management. The construction method of the Juncao composite sand-protecting barrier comprises three parts of construction of a Juncao living body sand-protecting barrier, construction of a Juncao stalk sand-protecting barrier and construction of a Juncao composite sand-protecting barrier system. According to the construction method of the fungus and grass composite sand barrier, a single sand barrier mode is broken through, three modules of the fungus and grass living body sand barrier, the fungus and grass stalk sand barrier and the fungus and grass composite sand barrier are constructed, a three-major synergistic system of root system sand fixation, stalk sand blocking and ecological restoration is formed, and the multiple purposes of being low in investment, quick in effect taking, good in effect, long in lasting effect and good in ecology are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological governance technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a mushroom-grass composite sand barrier. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional desertification control methods mainly use straw checkerboard sand barriers. However, traditional straw checkerboard sand barriers are mostly made of straw, rice straw, wheat straw and other materials. Although they can effectively fix sand in the short term, they are still "consumption-type" projects in essence, and there are some defects in practical applications: (1) Short service life. The main materials of straw checkerboard sand barriers, such as wheat straw and rice straw, are easy to rot in the natural environment. The service life is generally 2-4 years. In areas with severe wind erosion or harsh environment, the service life is even shorter. (2) High material transportation cost. The materials of straw checkerboard sand barriers need to be transported from other places. The transportation cost accounts for more than 60% of the total project cost. Especially in remote areas such as deserts, the acquisition and transportation of materials are more difficult. (3) High environmental requirements. The setting of straw checkerboard sand barriers has certain requirements for the wind and sand environment. The center of the larger straw checkerboard is prone to erosion, which is not conducive to the survival of sand plants; the smaller straw checkerboard is difficult to form a stable concave surface and is easily blown away by the wind. (4) Limited ecological restoration. Although straw checkerboard sand barriers can provide a certain growth environment for psammophytic plants, in the early stage of ecological restoration, the plant distribution is mostly concentrated at the edge of the grid, and the ecological restoration effect in the center of the grid is poor. (5) High maintenance cost. Straw checkerboard sand barriers need to be maintained regularly during use, especially in areas with frequent wind and sand activities, where damaged parts need to be replaced in a timely manner.

[0003] In recent years, living sand barriers such as Caragana korshinskii, Caragana chinensis, and Haloxylon ammodendron have been promoted and applied to a small extent, but they generally face problems such as low survival rate, slow growth rate, and poor early protection effect. In areas with strong wind and sand activity, young living seedlings are often destroyed by wind and sand before they can form effective protection.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies lack a solution that can combine short-term engineering sand fixation with long-term ecological development potential. This invention aims to solve this key technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for constructing a fungus-grass composite sand barrier, which aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing sand barriers such as short lifespan, single function, and lack of ecological self-sustaining ability. It provides a method for constructing a fungus-grass composite sand barrier that combines rapid sand fixation and long-term ecological succession functions, achieving multiple goals such as rapid effect, long-lasting effect, low investment, and soil improvement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for constructing a fungus-grass composite sand barrier, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Construction of living sand barriers made of Juncao grass

[0009] S1.1 Variety selection and breeding: Select and breed grass varieties of the genus Napier grass and the genus Reed grass;

[0010] S1.2 Planting Management: Plant Juncao grass in strips, with Napier grass Juncao grass planted on the outer edge of the strips and 3-5 rows of Reed Juncao grass planted on the inner side of the strips;

[0011] S1.3 Harvesting with stubble: After the Reed genus of grass matures, it is harvested and the stubble is left as a living sand barrier. The Napier genus of grass is not harvested.

[0012] S1.4 Circular Renewal: Reed grass is harvested once a year, and the stubble accumulates to form a living sand barrier. The harvested reed stems are used as sand barrier material.

[0013] S2, Construction of sand barriers using straw and stalks

[0014] S2.1 Cut the harvested mushroom straw into long sections, weave them into nets, and set aside;

[0015] S2.2. Lay the woven straw stems along both sides of the living straw sand barrier in strips to form a straw sand barrier.

[0016] S3, Construction of Juncao Composite Sand Barrier System

[0017] The live Juncao sand barrier and the Juncao stem sand barrier are combined to form a Juncao composite sand barrier.

[0018] Furthermore, the *Phragmites australis* species mentioned in step S1.1 include any one of *Fucao No. 2*, *Fucao No. 6*, *Yunxi No. 1* elephant grass, and *Giant Napier grass*, and the *Reed* species include any one of *Oasis No. 1* and *Oasis No. 3*.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1.2, the row spacing of the Juncao planting is 0.8-1.5m, the plant spacing is 0.5-1m, and the hole depth is 10-30cm.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S1.2, one row of *Phragmites australis* is planted, and three to five rows of *Arundo donax* are planted.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1.3, a stubble of 30-50cm is left as a living sand barrier, which is 5-6m wide and 100-200m long.

[0022] Furthermore, the stem length described in step S2.1 is 60-90cm.

[0023] Furthermore, for the Juncao stalk sand barriers described in step S2.2, the row spacing is 2 m, the remaining height is 40 - 50 cm, the buried depth is 20 - 40 cm, the width of each side of the stalk sand barrier is 10 - 12 m, and the length is 100 - 200 m.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. Low input: The common rice straw checkboard costs 1200 - 1500 yuan per mu. Calculated according to a service life of 2 years, the annual input per mu is 600 - 750 yuan. The Juncao composite sand barrier provided by the present invention costs 2000 - 2500 yuan per mu. 1 mu of living sand barrier can build 4 mu of Juncao stalk sand barriers. Calculated according to a service life of 3 years for the Juncao stalk sand barriers, the annual input per mu is only 130 - 170 yuan. The input of the Juncao living sand barrier is only 20 - 25% of that of the rice straw checkboard sand barrier. The Juncao composite sand barrier uses local materials and achieves the largest treatment area with the shortest transportation distance.

[0026] 2. Quick effect: Juncao belongs to C4 plants, with high photosynthesis efficiency, fast growth rate, strong tillering ability, and developed roots. After growing for 90 days, the plant height is 2.5 - 3.5 m, and the tillers are 20 - 40. Juncao can form an effective living sand barrier in only 3 months. 1 mu of Juncao stalk sand barrier can lay 2 mu of stalk sand barriers in the same year. Common shrub sand barriers (such as Hedysarum scoparium, Haloxylon ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii, etc.) take more than 3 years to form an effective living sand barrier.

[0027] 3. Good effect: On the windward slope, by planting Juncao to form a living sand barrier, the present invention can effectively reduce the wind speed. When the height from the ground is 20 cm, the windproof efficiency of the Juncao living sand barrier is 2 - 4 times that of the rice straw checkboard sand barrier; the sand - blocking benefit of the Juncao living sand barrier is 2 - 3 times that of the rice straw checkboard sand barrier.

[0028] In addition, the roots of Juncao have strong tensile resistance and tensile strength, can maintain the stability of the soil structure, effectively reduce the erosion and transportation of wind - blown sand, and have a good effect on wind prevention and sand fixation.

[0029] 4. Long - lasting effect: Juncao belonging to Arundo donax can naturally overwinter in a natural environment of - 25°C and can grow continuously for more than 6 years without repeated planting. Juncao belonging to Pennisetum alopecuroides has developed roots and can form a stable network structure in the sand layer to fix flowing sand for a long time. 1 mu of Juncao can build 4 mu of stalk sand barriers, continuously expanding the area of the stalk sand barriers and achieving sustainable sand control.

[0030] 5. Good ecology: Juncao contains rich endophytic nitrogen - fixing bacteria groups, has developed roots, a large biomass, and the weight of the underground root part accounts for 70 - 80% of the weight of the above - ground stem and leaf part. The litter and roots of Juncao remain in the soil, forming a large amount of humus, significantly increasing the soil organic matter, forming a stable aggregate structure, and forming 1 - 2 cm thick mature soil every year, promoting the growth of native plants, the survival of animals, the reproduction of microorganisms, and improving biodiversity. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is an illustration of the effect of the living sand barrier made from Juncao grass according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the effect of the mushroom-grass stem sand barrier of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of the mushroom-grass composite sand barrier of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the construction of a living sand barrier using Juncao grass, as described in Example 1 of this invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the construction of a sand barrier using Juncao stems, as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the formation of the Juncao composite sand barrier in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a windbreak performance diagram of the Juncao composite sand barrier, Juncao living sand barrier, Juncao stem sand barrier, and reed grid sand barrier at different heights from the sand surface in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the sand-blocking benefits of the following sand barriers at different heights from the sand surface: Juncao composite sand barrier, Juncao living sand barrier, Juncao stem sand barrier, and reed grid sand barrier, as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the tensile strength and tensile resistance of the roots of the Juncao grass in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the ecological restoration of the mushroom-grass composite sand barrier constructed by this invention over three years.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a windbreak performance diagram of the Juncao composite sand barrier, Juncao living sand barrier, Juncao stem sand barrier, and reed grid sand barrier at different heights from the sand surface in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the sand-blocking benefits of the following sand barriers at different heights from the sand surface: Juncao composite sand barrier, Juncao living sand barrier, Juncao stem sand barrier, and reed grid sand barrier, as described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 13 This is a diagram of the sand barrier made by the tracked trenching and covering sand barrier machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 14 This is a model of a two-year-old Juncao composite sand barrier constructed according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] This invention provides a method for constructing a fungus-grass composite sand barrier, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Construction of living sand barriers made of Juncao grass

[0047] S1.1 Variety selection and breeding: Select and breed grass varieties of the genus Napier grass and the genus Reed grass;

[0048] S1.2 Planting Management: Plant Juncao in strips. Plant Napier grass Juncao on the outer edge of the strip (i.e., the layer with the greatest wind and sand damage), and plant 3-5 rows of Reed Juncao on the inner side of the strip.

[0049] S1.3 Harvesting with stubble: After the Reed genus grass matures, it is harvested and the stubble is left as a living sand barrier. The Napier genus grass is not harvested and is used to protect the Reed genus grass.

[0050] S1.4 Circular Renewal: Reed grass is harvested once a year, and the stubble accumulates to form a living sand barrier. The harvested reed stems are used as sand barrier material.

[0051] S2, Construction of sand barriers using straw and stalks

[0052] S2.1 Cut the harvested mushroom straw into long sections, weave them into nets, and set aside;

[0053] S2.2. Lay the woven straw stems along both sides of the living straw sand barrier in strips to form a straw sand barrier.

[0054] S3, Construction of Juncao Composite Sand Barrier System

[0055] The live Juncao sand barrier and the Juncao stem sand barrier are combined to form a Juncao composite sand barrier.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Napier grass species mentioned in step S1.1 include any one of the fast-growing and well-developed root grasses such as Fucao No. 2, Fucao No. 6, Yunxi No. 1 elephant grass, and giant Napier grass.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Reed genus fungal grass variety mentioned in step S1.1 includes any one of cold-resistant and drought-resistant fungal grasses such as Oasis No. 1 Reed and Oasis No. 3 Reed.

[0058] In terms of variety selection, this invention selects and breeds Reed japonica varieties with good cold resistance, drought resistance, resistance to burying, and flexibility, such as Oasis No. 1 Reed or Oasis No. 3 Reed, which can naturally overwinter in a natural environment of -25℃. It also selects and breeds Napier japonica varieties with characteristics such as fast growth rate, strong tillering ability, tall plants, and well-developed root systems, such as Fucao No. 2 and Giant Napier Grass, whose root systems can continuously fix sand for 10 years, with each clump fixing a sand area of ​​up to 18.8m². 2 .

[0059] In terms of Juncao planting and management, the planting density should be adjusted according to the topography, climate conditions, and area of ​​mechanized operations in desert or sandy land. After planting, it is necessary to water it thoroughly to help it settle. The Juncao on the outer edge of the strip grows faster and has a well-developed root system, which can quickly form a barrier to protect the slower-growing inner Juncao.

[0060] In this invention, typically 1 mu of living sand barrier can construct 4 mu of mushroom grass stem sand barrier.

[0061] In the construction of a Juncao composite sand barrier, this invention removes the leaves and tips of the harvested Juncao, retains the stems, cuts the stems into long sections, and uses a rope weaving machine to weave the Juncao into a net structure, which is then rolled into bundles for later use.

[0062] This invention does not have special requirements for the equipment used for laying sand barriers with straw stems; any equipment used for laying sand barriers in this field is applicable to this invention. However, to achieve better technical results, this invention preferably uses a tracked trenching and soil-covering sand barrier machine to lay the straw stem sand barriers.

[0063] This invention leaves a 3m wide mechanical operation channel between the straw sand barrier and the living straw sand barrier.

[0064] In terms of constructing a Juncao composite sand barrier system, this invention combines living Juncao sand barriers with Juncao stem sand barriers, arranging them in parallel according to the contour lines of the dune slope, forming a synergistic Juncao composite sand barrier system of "root sand fixation - stem sand blocking - ecological restoration".

[0065] The roots, stems, and leaves of Juncao contain abundant endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. After decomposition, they can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase soil porosity and water retention capacity, increase organic matter content, create more favorable conditions for the growth of native plants, and significantly improve the vegetation cover and species richness of desertified land, promoting the continuous natural restoration of the ecosystem.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, the row spacing of the Juncao plant in step S1.2 is 0.8-1.5m, the plant spacing is 0.5-1m, and the hole depth is 10-30cm.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1.2, one row of *Phragmites australis* is planted, and three to five rows of *Arundo donax* are planted.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, the 30-50cm stubble left in step S1.3 serves as a living sand barrier, with a width of approximately 5m and a length of 100-200m. The present invention achieves better windbreak, sand fixation, and sand control by controlling the stubble height, while also promoting the tillering and growth of the grass.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, the stem length in step S2.1 is 60-90cm.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, the row spacing of the Juncao (a type of grass) stem sand barrier in step S2.2 is 2m, the height is 40-50cm, the burial depth is 20-40cm, and the width of each side of the stem sand barrier is 10-12m, and the length is 100-200m. The row spacing of the Juncao living sand barrier in step S2.2 is 0.8-1.2m, and the width of the Juncao living sand barrier is 4-6m.

[0071] The row spacing of traditional grass checkerboard sand barriers is 1-1.5m. However, because the straw used in this invention is thick, strong, and resilient, the row spacing of the straw straw sand barrier described in this invention is wider than that of traditional grass checkerboard sand barriers, reaching up to 2m.

[0072] Traditional straw checkerboard sand barriers are usually made of rice straw. Rice straw is thin and easily blown down by the wind, so the burial depth is only 10-15cm, and the height is only 10-20cm. They are easily buried by sand and have a short lifespan. This invention uses thick, strong, and resilient straw stems, which are longer. The burial depth of 20-40cm provides excellent fixation and facilitates mechanized operations. The height of 40-50cm further enhances wind protection and sand control, making them less prone to being blown down or buried by sand, resulting in a longer service life.

[0073] Wind is the primary driving force behind the movement of shifting sands, which is a process of transporting sand close to the earth's surface. This invention constructs a composite sand barrier using mushroom and grass. The stems increase the surface roughness, reduce the kinetic energy of the wind, hinder the movement of sand, and alter the structure of the sand flow. The dense network of mushroom and grass roots firmly locks in the shifting sand, effectively preventing the erosion and transport of surface sand, thereby achieving the purpose of windbreak and sand fixation.

[0074] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0075] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods or experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and additives are obtained from conventional commercial sources or prepared by conventional methods.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] This embodiment was implemented at kilometer 620 of the Wudeng Sand-Crossing Highway in the Ulan Buh Desert of Alxa League, Inner Mongolia.

[0078] The Ulan Buh Desert is one of my country's eight major deserts and one of the four major sources of sandstorms in my country. The region has a typical continental arid climate in the mid-latitude zone, with scarce rainfall, an average annual precipitation of 102.9 mm, an average annual temperature of 7.8℃, an average annual evaporation of 2258.8 mm, a frost-free period of 168 days, 3181 hours of sunshine, strong winds, an average annual wind speed of 4.1 m / s, and serious wind and sand hazards.

[0079] A method for constructing a Juncao composite sand barrier, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0080] S1. Construction of living sand barriers made of Juncao grass

[0081] S1.1 Variety selection: ① Oasis No. 1 Reed: Cultivated in nutrient pots in greenhouses. When the seedlings have grown for 5 months, reached a height of 100cm, and produced 3 tillers, they are transplanted. ② Giant Napier Grass: Cultivated in plug trays in greenhouses. When the seedlings have grown for 40 days, reached a height of 35cm, and had roots fully wrapped around the substrate, they are transplanted.

[0082] S1.2 Planting Management: In early spring, a drip irrigation system is laid on the sandy land. The drip irrigation strips are spaced 1m apart and the drip holes are spaced 1m apart. Giant Napier grass and Oasis No. 1 Reed are planted parallel to the contour lines. The Napier grass is planted with a row spacing of 1m, a plant spacing of 0.5m, and a hole depth of 20cm. One row of giant Napier grass is planted on each side of the strip. Four rows of Oasis No. 1 Reed are planted in the middle of the strip. The Napier grass is planted with a row spacing of 1m and a hole depth of 20cm, forming a Napier grass strip that is 5m wide and 100m long. After planting, water thoroughly to help the roots settle.

[0083] S1.3 Harvesting with stubble: After 120 days of growth, the Juncao grass reaches a height of 3m, forming a tall biological wall and a closed root network. At this time, Oasis No. 1 Reed is mature and harvested using a mower. The harvest leaves a 30cm stubble to form a living sand barrier, which is 5m wide and 100m long. After harvesting, the leaves and tips of Oasis No. 1 Reed are removed, and the stems are bundled and cut into 60cm long sections.

[0084] S1.4 Circular Renewal: Oasis No. 1 Reed is harvested once a year, and the stubble accumulates year by year to form a multi-layered protective living sand barrier of Juncao. The harvested Juncao stems are used as sand barrier materials to construct Juncao stem sand barriers.

[0085] S2, Construction of sand barriers using straw and stalks

[0086] S2.1 Use a rope weaving machine to weave the straw into a net structure and roll it into a bundle for later use;

[0087] S2.2 Select the sandy land near the living sand barrier of Juncao grass that needs to be treated. Use a tracked trenching and covering sand barrier machine to lay the woven Juncao grass stems in strips along both sides of the living sand barrier of Juncao grass. Leave a 3m wide mechanical operation channel between the stem sand barrier and the living sand barrier of Juncao grass. The row spacing of the Juncao grass stem sand barrier is 2m, the height is 40cm, and the burial depth is 20cm, forming two Juncao grass stem sand barriers with a width of 10m and a length of 100m, which quickly fixes the shifting sand.

[0088] S3, Construction of Juncao Composite Sand Barrier System

[0089] The live Juncao sand barrier and the Juncao stem sand barrier are combined to form a Juncao composite sand barrier.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] The difference from Example 1 is that only live Juncao sand barriers are used, without Juncao stem sand barriers.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The difference from Example 1 is that only the straw sand barrier is used, and the live straw sand barrier is not included.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] Traditional straw checkerboard sand barriers, also known as common straw checkerboards, are sand barriers formed by inserting straw into the sand, creating checkerboards with sides of 100cm and a height of 20cm.

[0096] Performance testing

[0097] (1) Windbreak and sand fixation

[0098] ① The wind speed at different sand barriers and heights was simultaneously measured using a Hima AS806 split-type anemometer, thereby calculating the windproof effectiveness at different heights. Figure 7 It can be seen that different types of sand barriers have different windbreak effects. At a height of 0-20cm above the sand surface, the windbreak effects of the Juncao composite sand barrier were 56.45%, 51.32%, 46.82%, and 41.95%, respectively, which are 2.75 times, 2.65 times, 2.94 times, and 3.73 times that of the straw checkerboard sand barrier, respectively. The windbreak effects of the Juncao stem sand barrier were 1.99 times, 1.9 times, 2.06 times, and 2.66 times that of the straw checkerboard sand barrier, respectively. The windbreak effects of the Juncao live sand barrier were 47.48%, 43.13%, 42.25%, and 38.31%, respectively, which are 2.31 times, 2.23 times, 2.65 times, and 3.4 times that of the straw checkerboard sand barrier, respectively. The windbreak effect of the same type of sand barrier also varies at different heights; as the height increases, its windbreak effect gradually decreases. In summary, in terms of windbreak effectiveness, the composite sand barrier made of Juncao (a type of straw) > the live Juncao sand barrier > the Juncao stem sand barrier > the rice straw checkerboard sand barrier.

[0099] ② The sand collection volume at different heights and under different sand barriers was measured using the QN-CFS stepped sand collector, and the sand-blocking efficiency at different heights was calculated. Figure 8 It can be seen that different types of sand barriers have different sand-blocking effects. At a height of 0-20cm above the sand surface, the sand-blocking efficiency of the mushroom-straw composite sand barrier reaches 86.12%-98.52%, the efficiency of the mushroom-straw living sand barrier is 81.55%-94.68%, the efficiency of the mushroom-straw stem sand barrier is 74.32%-86.64%, and the efficiency of the rice straw checkerboard sand barrier is only 38.79%-64.52%. The sand-blocking efficiency of the mushroom-straw composite sand barrier is 1.53-2.22 times that of the rice straw checkerboard sand barrier, the efficiency of the mushroom-straw living sand barrier is 1.53-2.26 times that of the rice straw checkerboard sand barrier, and the efficiency of the mushroom-straw stem sand barrier is 1.34-1.92 times that of the rice straw checkerboard sand barrier. The sand-blocking efficiency of the same type of sand barrier also varies at different heights; as the height increases, its sand-blocking efficiency gradually decreases. In summary, in terms of sand-blocking effectiveness, the order is: Juncao composite sand barrier > Juncao live sand barrier > Juncao stem sand barrier > Rice straw checkerboard sand barrier.

[0100] ③ The tensile strength and related properties of the Juncao root system in Example 1 were determined using an SF-500 digital push-pull force meter. Figure 9 It can be seen that the tensile strength of a single Juncao root increases with the increase of root diameter, but the tensile strength gradually decreases; the tensile strength of the entire root system increases significantly with the increase of root number, and both tensile strength and tensile force show a linear relationship. Meanwhile, the root breakage rate gradually decreases with the increase of the number of roots in the root system. The tensile strength of a single Juncao root reaches 14-18 N, and the tensile strength reaches 35-40 MPa. The Juncao root system has strong tensile strength and tensile force, which can maintain soil structural stability, effectively reduce wind and sand erosion and transport, thereby achieving the purpose of continuous sand fixation.

[0101] (2) Ecological restoration

[0102] Straw has poor durability and is easily affected by natural environmental factors such as wind erosion, rain erosion, and microbial decomposition, resulting in a short lifespan for straw checkerboard sand barriers. The sandy soil in areas with straw checkerboard sand barriers is loose and exposed, lacking shade and barriers. Strong winds make vegetation regeneration difficult, leading to a low number and variety of biological species, a simple composition, and a low biodiversity index. Three years after the construction of the straw checkerboard sand barriers, the vegetation cover in the area was only 10.21%, with plant species increasing from 2 to 4 and insect species from 5 to 8, indicating slow biodiversity recovery.

[0103] The Juncao (a type of grass) used in Example 1 of this invention has a large canopy and lush foliage, which can significantly reduce near-surface wind erosion. Its well-developed root network continuously penetrates and reinforces the topsoil, improving the stability of the root-soil composite structure while reducing direct erosion of surface materials by wind and sand, improving soil permeability and water retention. Furthermore, Juncao can efficiently fix carbon and nitrogen, promote the decomposition of litter and the formation of organic matter, and gradually increase humus, enhancing soil moisture retention and metabolic capacity, providing more materials and nutrients for species renewal. The Juncao living sand barrier significantly improved the species diversity level of the sandy community, with an overall increase in richness index, diversity index, and dominance index. Three years after the construction of the Juncao living sand barrier, the vegetation cover in the area reached 73.91%, with plant species increasing from 4 to 36 and insect species from 6 to 42, demonstrating a significant increase in biodiversity.

[0104] Example 2

[0105] This embodiment was conducted on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert in Alar City, Xinjiang. The Taklamakan Desert is the world's second largest shifting sand desert, with very frequent and intense wind and sand activity. Shifting sand dunes account for more than 80% of the desert, with an average annual precipitation of 26-53 mm and an average annual evaporation of 2500-3400 mm.

[0106] A method for constructing a Juncao composite sand barrier, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0107] (1) Planting and management of Juncao: Starting in late March, Oasis No. 1 Reed was planted in the sandy land with a row spacing of 100cm and a plant spacing of 80cm, and irrigated with groundwater.

[0108] (2) Harvesting and processing of Juncao: Juncao grows for 200 days and grows to a height of 1.8-2.0m. At this time, Oasis No. 1 Reed has matured. Harvest it using a grass cutter. Leave a stubble of 30-40cm to form a living sand barrier. After harvesting, cut the Oasis No. 1 Reed stems into 60cm long sections. Use a rope weaving machine to weave the stems into a net structure and roll them into bundles for later use.

[0109] (3) Construction and fixation of stem sand barriers: Select the sandy land that needs to be treated near the live Juncao sand barrier, and use a tracked trenching and covering sand barrier machine to lay the woven bundles of Oasis No. 1 Reed stems along both sides of the live Juncao sand barrier in strips. Leave a 3m wide mechanical operation channel between the stem sand barrier and the live Juncao sand barrier; the row spacing of the Juncao stem sand barrier is 2m, the height is 40cm, and the burial depth is 20cm, forming two Juncao stem sand barriers with a width of 10m and a length of 100m, which quickly fixes the shifting sand. The live Juncao sand barrier and the Juncao stem sand barrier are combined to form a Juncao composite sand barrier.

[0110] Tests have shown that 1 kg of fresh Oasis No. 1 reed grass can form a 1.37m sand barrier. This not only reduces the transportation cost of sand barrier materials, but also because reed sand barriers are harder than straw sand barriers, resulting in better and longer-lasting sand-fixing effects.

[0111] Performance testing

[0112] ① Using the Hima AS806 split-type anemometer, wind speeds at different sand barriers and heights were simultaneously measured, and the windbreak effectiveness at different heights was calculated. Figure 11 It can be seen that different types of sand barriers have different windbreak effects. At a height of 0-20cm above the sand surface, the windbreak effect of the mushroom-straw composite sand barrier reaches 45.68%-64.32%, while the windbreak effect of the reed checkerboard sand barrier is only 17.67%-27.16%. The windbreak effect of the mushroom-straw composite sand barrier is 2.36-2.58 times that of the reed checkerboard sand barrier. The windbreak effect of the same type of sand barrier also varies at different heights; as the height increases, its windbreak effect gradually decreases. In summary, in terms of windbreak effect, the mushroom-straw composite sand barrier > mushroom-straw live sand barrier > mushroom-straw stem sand barrier > reed checkerboard sand barrier.

[0113] ② The sand collection volume at different heights and under different sand barriers was measured using the QN-CFS stepped sand collector, and the sand-blocking efficiency at different heights was calculated. Figure 12 It can be seen that different types of sand barriers have different sand-blocking effects. At a height of 0-20cm above the sand surface, the sand-blocking effect of the mushroom-grass composite sand barrier reaches 87.68%-98.06%, the effect of the mushroom-grass living sand barrier is 80.34%-94.23%, the effect of the mushroom-grass stem sand barrier is 71.26%-82.72%, and the effect of the reed checkerboard sand barrier is only 37.98%-60.12%. The sand-blocking effect of the mushroom-grass composite sand barrier is 1.63-2.31 times that of the reed checkerboard sand barrier. The sand-blocking effect of the same type of sand barrier also varies at different heights; as the height increases, the sand-blocking effect gradually decreases. In summary, in terms of sand-blocking effect, the mushroom-grass composite sand barrier > the mushroom-grass living sand barrier > the mushroom-grass stem sand barrier > the reed checkerboard sand barrier.

[0114] (2) Ecological restoration

[0115] Reeds have poor durability and are easily affected by natural environmental factors such as wind erosion, rain erosion, and microbial decomposition, resulting in a short lifespan for reed-grass checkerboard sand barriers. Two years after the construction of reed-grass checkerboard sand barriers, the vegetation cover in the area was only 6.85%, indicating sparse vegetation. The Juncao composite sand barrier significantly improved the species diversity level of the sandy community, with an overall increase in richness index, diversity index, and dominance index. Two years after the construction of Juncao living sand barriers, the vegetation cover in the area reached 64.67%, 9.4 times that of the reed-grass checkerboard sand barrier.

[0116] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a bacteria-grass composite sand barrier, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, construction of a living grass sand barrier S1.1, variety selection: selecting a variety of Pennisetum grass and a variety of Arundo grass; S1.2, planting management: planting the grasses in strips, with the Pennisetum grass planted on the outer edges of the strips and the Arundo grass planted on the inner sides of the strips; S1.3, stubble harvesting: harvesting the Arundo grass when it is mature, leaving the stubble as a living sand barrier, and not harvesting the Pennisetum grass; S1.4, cyclic renewal: harvesting the Arundo grass once a year, with the stubble accumulated to form a living grass sand barrier, and the harvested grass stems used as sand barrier materials; S2, construction of a grass stem sand barrier S2.1, cutting the harvested grass stems into long sections and weaving them into a net for standby use; S2.2, laying the woven grass stems in strip form along the two sides of the living grass sand barrier to form a grass stem sand barrier; S3, construction of a grass compound sand barrier system The living grass sand barrier and the grass stem sand barrier are combined to form a grass compound sand barrier.

2. The method for constructing the bacteria-grass composite sand barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Pennisetum grass variety in step S1.1 includes any one of Fugao No. 2, Fugao No. 6, Yunyi No. 1, and Jujiangao, and the Arundo grass variety includes any one of Luozhou No. 1 and Luozhou No.

3.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The planting row spacing of the grasses in step S1.2 is 0.8-1.5 m, the plant spacing is 0.5-1 m, and the hole depth is 10-30 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, One row of the Pennisetum grass is planted in step S1.2, and 3-5 rows of the Arundo grass are planted.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The stubble in step S1.3 is 30-50 cm long and is used as a living sand barrier, and the living sand barrier is 5-6 m wide and 100-200 m long.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The length of the stem in step S2.1 is 60-90 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The row spacing of the grass stem sand barrier in step S2.2 is 2 m, the height is 40-50 cm, the burial depth is 20-40 cm, the stem sand barrier on each side is 10-12 m wide and 100-200 m long.

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