Multi-directional swinging tool for coating whole-flow-channel coating of blade and coating method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multidirectional swing tool for coating a blade full-flow-channel coating and a coating method, and belongs to the technical field of engine turbine blade manufacturing. The multidirectional swing tool comprises a connecting assembly, one end of the connecting assembly is used for being connected with the driving end of coating equipment, a fixing base is arranged at the other end of the connecting assembly, a swing assembly is movably connected to the fixing base, and a fixing assembly used for fixing a blade to be coated is arranged on the swing assembly. The swing assembly comprises a plurality of pull rods, one ends of the pull rods are rotationally connected with the fixing base, and the other ends of the pull rods are provided with connecting structures used for installing the fixing assembly. In the using process of the working blade, through control of the multi-direction swing device, the structure morphology of the coating during vapor deposition of the coating on the surface of the whole flow channel of the working blade is guaranteed, and on the premise that it is guaranteed that the coating structure of the blade body is the columnar crystal structure, typical columnar crystal coating structure morphology can be formed on the edge plate side of the blade crown and the edge plate side of the tenon; the service life of the thermal barrier coating is obviously prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engine turbine blade manufacturing technology, and relates to a multi-directional oscillating tooling and coating method for coating the entire flow channel of blades. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) is widely used in the preparation and processing of high-temperature protective coatings for turbine blades of various engine types due to its advantages such as high coating-substrate bonding strength, the ability to obtain columnar crystal structures, easy and precise control of coating chemical composition, and long coating life. This significantly improves the turbine blades' resistance to high-temperature oxidation and corrosion, as well as their heat insulation performance, thus extending the engine's service life. In EB-PVD coating deposition, one electron beam gun heats the part, while another electron beam gun evaporates the ingot. The blade is placed above the ingot, and the coating vapor is deposited onto the blade surface, forming a typical columnar crystal structure. The structure of existing EB-PVD equipment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, blade 106 is mounted on fixture 107 in loading chamber 101. Fixture 107 is clamped on the rotating shaft 101 of the equipment, and the part extends into deposition chamber 109 under the drive of rotation. Electron beam gun 1011 installed in gun chamber 103 can emit an electron beam 104 to heat blade 106, and another electron beam gun 108 can emit an electron beam 105 for evaporating ingot 1010. The coating gas generated by the evaporation of ingot 1010 coats the surface of rotating blade 106, thereby obtaining a ceramic coating. The coating area of ​​blade 106 is divided into the blade surface perpendicular to the steam direction and the edge plate surface parallel to the steam direction.

[0003] The EB-PVD process allows for the formation of uniform columnar crystal morphology on the blade surface perpendicular to the steam direction, while the ceramic coating grown on the edge plate surface parallel to the steam direction is more porous, has weaker bonding strength, and is easily peeled off, resulting in a microstructure similar to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the coating adhesion does not meet the design requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that the ceramic coating on the surface of the blade edge plate manufactured by the coating equipment in the prior art is relatively loose, has weak bonding strength, and is very easy to peel off, and to provide a multi-directional swing tooling and coating method for coating the entire flow channel of the blade.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a multi-directional swinging fixture for coating the entire flow channel of blades, including a connecting component at one end for connecting to the drive end of a coating device, a fixed base at the other end of the connecting component, a swinging component movably connected to the fixed base, and a fixed component for fixing the blade to be coated on the swinging component. The swing assembly includes several tie rods, one end of which is rotatably connected to the fixed base, and the other end of the tie rods is provided with a connection structure for mounting the fixed assembly.

[0006] Further improvements are made in the following aspects: The fixed base has a rotating cavity inside, and one end of the pull rod is adapted to the rotating cavity through a rotating joint; a bearing is provided between the rotating joint and the rotating cavity, so that the pull rod can rotate 360° around its own axis.

[0007] The connecting assembly includes a tooling rod, one end of which is connected to the drive end of the coating equipment and is provided with a pin hole, which is connected to the drive end of the coating equipment through a pin.

[0008] The fixed base is an inclined end set at the other end of the tooling rod; the diameter of the inclined end increases sequentially in the direction of automatic force transmission, and the inclination angle is 25°-35°.

[0009] The tooling rod and the inclined end are integrally formed; the axial thickness of the inclined end is 10-15mm.

[0010] The pull rod is movably fitted with a free sleeve, the inner diameter of which is 1.1-1.2 times the diameter of the pull rod, and the length of which is 0.8-0.9 times the length of the pull rod.

[0011] The fixing component includes a tooling box fixed to a connecting structure at one end of the pull rod, and the inside of the tooling box is a wedge-shaped groove adapted to the fixing end of the blade to be coated.

[0012] The inner wall of the wedge-shaped groove is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0013] The swing assembly includes several tie rods evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixed base, with equal included angles between adjacent tie rods.

[0014] Secondly, this invention discloses a coating method for applying a coating to the entire flow channel of a blade based on the aforementioned multi-directional oscillating fixture, comprising: Tooling and blade pretreatment: A multi-directional oscillating tooling for coating the entire flow channel of the blade is selected. The multi-directional oscillating tooling and the blade to be coated are cleaned with a cleaning agent to remove surface impurities. Blade clamping: The pre-treated blade to be coated is fixed to the pull rod of the swing assembly by the fixing component, so that the blade to be coated is firmly positioned; Tooling and equipment docking: Connect the multi-directional swinging tooling with the blades to be coated to the rotating shaft of the coating equipment through the connecting components, turn on the rotation system of the coating equipment, and check whether the rotation and swinging functions are normal. Vacuum environment setup and preheating: Vacuuming is performed on the loading chamber and deposition chamber of the coating equipment until the vacuum level in the deposition chamber is below 5 × 10⁻⁶. - At ³Pa, the blade to be coated is heated by the electron beam gun of the equipment until the coating temperature reaches the preset process temperature; Coating deposition: The electron beam gun used for evaporating the ingot to be coated is activated to heat the ingot and cause it to evaporate to form coating vapor; at the same time, the rotating shaft of the multi-directional oscillating fixture is driven, causing the fixture and blades to revolve, and through the cooperation of the tie rod in the oscillating assembly and the fixed base, the blades rotate synchronously, so that the blade surface, the edge plate side at the crown, and the edge plate side at the tenon can all come into contact with the coating vapor; according to the preset coating thickness requirements, the coating deposition thickness is adjusted by controlling the evaporation time and the amount of ingot consumed by the ceramic ingot; Cooling and Removal: After the coating deposition is completed, the blade is moved back to the loading chamber of the equipment along with the tooling. When the blade is cooled to below 80°C in a vacuum environment, air is introduced into the loading chamber. After the air pressure inside the chamber is balanced with the outside air pressure, the furnace door is opened to remove the blade and tooling, thus completing the coating of the entire flow channel of the blade.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a multi-directional oscillating fixture for coating the entire flow channel of blades. The device has fewer overall components and a simple structural design, eliminating transmission structures such as gears, bearings, and chains that are prone to jamming and failure in the high-temperature environment of EB-PVD coating. This not only reduces the difficulty and cost of processing and manufacturing, but also significantly improves the operational stability of the fixture in the high-temperature deposition environment and reduces the failure rate. At the same time, it can be flexibly matched to the specific structure, size, and weight of the working blade to be coated, supporting the simultaneous processing of 3 or 5 parts in the same furnace, effectively improving coating production efficiency and reducing the processing cost per blade. Through the multi-directional swing design of the tooling, the parts revolve under the drive of the horizontal rotating main shaft, while the parts rotate on their own axis by means of the precise matching of the sleeve structure and size. This ensures that the blade surface, the rim plate side at the blade crown, and the rim plate side at the tenon can all fully contact the coating steam, ensuring that the entire flow channel surface of the working blade is covered by the thermal barrier coating without any omissions. While ensuring the original high bonding strength of the ceramic coating on the blade surface, it significantly improves the problem of loose coating and weak bonding force on the rim plate surface parallel to the steam direction in the traditional process. This greatly improves the tensile bonding strength of the coating in the rim plate area, fully meeting the design and standard requirements for coating bonding force, and effectively preventing the coating from peeling off and failing during engine service. By precisely controlling the motion of parts through a multi-directional oscillating device, a uniform and dense columnar crystalline structure is formed on the entire flow channel surface of the working blade during the vapor deposition process. In particular, the coating morphology on the edge plate side at the blade crown and tenon is consistent with that of the blade body, ensuring not only the uniformity of the coating thickness but also improving the overall structural stability of the coating. The integrity and uniformity of the columnar crystalline structure further enhance the thermal barrier coating's resistance to high-temperature oxidation, corrosion, and heat insulation, significantly improving the working blade's heat resistance and operational stability under the complex high-temperature and high-pressure operating environment of the engine, and significantly extending the overall service life of the blade and the engine. The simplified structural design of this device makes disassembly and assembly easier, requiring no complex tools or professional skills to clamp and disassemble the blades, shortening production preparation time and tooling maintenance time. Simultaneously, due to the absence of easily worn precision transmission components, the tooling requires less maintenance during long-term use, resulting in low replacement parts costs, further reducing production and operating costs and improving the overall economic efficiency of production. By using tooling to precisely control the swing trajectory and attitude of parts, the coating process conditions of blades from the same batch and different batches are highly consistent. This significantly reduces the dispersion of key indicators such as the thickness, microstructure, and bonding strength of the coating in the entire flow channel of each blade, effectively improving the stability and consistency of product quality, reducing rework and scrap due to unqualified coating quality, and significantly improving the production yield.

[0016] Furthermore, the bearing design between the rotary joint and the rotating cavity allows the tie rod to rotate 360° around its own axis, reducing frictional resistance during the rotation process and ensuring smooth and stable blade rotation. This prevents uneven coating deposition caused by rotational jamming. At the same time, the bearing can distribute stress during rotation, reduce wear between the tie rod and the fixed base, extend the overall service life of the tooling, ensure the consistency of blade oscillation posture during long-term use, and thus improve the stability of coating quality.

[0017] Furthermore, the tooling rod is connected to the drive end of the coating equipment through the cooperation of the pin hole and the pin iron. The connection structure is simple and reliable. During assembly, the tooling and the equipment can be quickly connected without complicated operations. Disassembly is convenient and the repeatability and positioning accuracy are high. The pin connection method can effectively transmit the driving force of the equipment, ensuring that the tooling operates synchronously and stably with the drive end of the equipment, avoiding relative displacement during the transmission process, ensuring the accuracy of the blade's revolution trajectory, and providing a foundation for uniform coating deposition.

[0018] Furthermore, the fixed base is designed with an inclined end whose diameter increases sequentially along the power transmission direction and whose tilt angle is 25°-35°. This structure allows the tie rod to drive the blade to form a preset tilt posture, making it easier for the blade edge plate side surface to contact the coating vapor. This solves the problem of poor coating deposition effect caused by the edge plate side being parallel to the vapor direction in traditional processes. The precise design of the tilt angle ensures effective deposition of the coating on the edge plate side without affecting the formation of columnar crystal structure on the blade surface, thus taking into account the deposition quality of the coating in all parts of the flow channel.

[0019] Furthermore, the tooling rod and the tilting end adopt an integrated molding structure, which has strong overall structure and high mechanical strength. It can effectively resist the high temperature environment during the EB-PVD coating process and the centrifugal force during operation, and avoid the blade swing attitude deviation caused by loose connection. The 10-15mm axial thickness design of the tilting end can reduce the overall weight of the tooling while ensuring structural strength, reduce the drive load of the equipment, facilitate processing and manufacturing, control production accuracy, and ensure the consistency of tooling in each batch.

[0020] Furthermore, the free sleeve that is movably fitted outside the tie rod has a precisely matched inner diameter and length design. During the tooling's revolution, the free swaying of the sleeve can further adjust the rotation rhythm and amplitude of the blades, allowing each surface of the blades to receive coating vapor more evenly and improving the uniformity of the coating thickness. The clearance fit between the sleeve and the tie rod does not affect the normal rotation of the tie rod, and the cushioning effect of the sleeve reduces the vibration of the blades during operation, preventing cracks in the coating or a decrease in adhesion caused by vibration. At the same time, it can protect the surface of the tie rod from direct corrosion by coating vapor, extending the service life of the tie rod.

[0021] This invention discloses a coating method for applying a full-channel coating to blades. A cleaning agent is used to specifically clean the multi-directional oscillating fixture and the blade to be coated, thoroughly removing surface oil, dust, and other impurities. This prevents impurities from embedding between the coating and the blade substrate during coating deposition, eliminating potential problems affecting coating adhesion at the source. This lays a solid foundation for a strong bond between the coating and the blade surface, reducing the risk of coating peeling. The multi-directional oscillating fixture's fixing components firmly position the pre-treated blade with high clamping precision, effectively preventing displacement or loosening of the blade during revolution and rotation due to vibration or centrifugal force. This ensures the blade maintains a preset posture during coating, guaranteeing consistent coating deposition trajectories across the entire flow channel and avoiding problems such as uneven coating thickness and localized missed coatings caused by blade movement. The connecting components enable rapid docking between the tooling and the rotating shaft of the coating equipment, simplifying operation and ensuring high repeatability and positioning accuracy, thus shortening production preparation time. After docking, the rotation system is activated for functional testing, allowing for early detection of rotational and oscillation abnormalities. This prevents coating quality issues caused by equipment and tooling mismatches during coating, while ensuring smooth drive force transmission and stable blade revolution speed, providing power for uniform coating deposition. During coating deposition, the blades simultaneously revolve and rotate under the tooling's influence, ensuring full and uniform contact between the blade surface, the blade tip edge, and the tenon edge with coating vapor. This completely solves the problem of loose coating caused by insufficient vapor contact on the edge side in traditional coating processes. By controlling the evaporation time and consumption of the ingot, the coating thickness can be precisely met, ensuring uniform coating thickness across the entire flow channel. Combined with the structural advantages of the multi-directional oscillating tooling, this ensures the formation of dense columnar crystal structures on the blade and edge sides, significantly improving coating bonding strength and overall performance. After coating deposition, vacuum cooling to below 80°C is performed before air is introduced into the loading chamber. This avoids thermal shock to the blades due to rapid cooling, preventing coating cracks and peeling. When introducing air, the part is removed only after the air pressure has reached equilibrium, which avoids damage to the coating caused by airflow impact. This ensures that the coating remains intact during cooling and part removal, ultimately resulting in a high-quality coating with complete full-channel coverage and stable performance, extending the service life of the blades. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an existing electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBV) device; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a multi-directional oscillating tool for coating the entire flow channel of a blade, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling rod structure of a multi-directional swinging tooling for coating the entire flow channel of a blade, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tie rod structure of a multi-directional swinging fixture for coating the entire flow channel of a blade, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 Microstructure of the large rim plate of a conventional device coated with a coating; Figure 6 Microstructure of the small rim plate coated with a traditional device; Figure 7 This is a microstructure diagram of the upper surface of the coating edge plate of a multi-directional oscillating tool for coating the entire flow channel of a blade, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a microstructure diagram of the lower surface of the coated blade canopy of a multi-directional oscillating tool used for coating the entire flow channel of a blade, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Wherein: 101-rotating shaft; 102-loading chamber; 103-gun chamber; 104-first electron beam; 105-second electron beam; 106-blade to be coated; 107-tooling; 108-second electron beam gun; 109-deposition chamber; 1010-material ingot; 1011-first electron beam gun; 201-tooling box; 202-workpiece; 203-pull rod; 204-tooling rod; 205-pin; 301-inclined end; 501-limiting thread; 502-free sleeve; 503-screw; 504-wedge groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0027] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 2This invention discloses a multi-directional oscillating fixture for coating the entire flow channel of blades. It includes a connecting assembly at one end for connection to the drive end of a coating device, and a fixed base at the other end of the connecting assembly. An oscillating assembly is movably connected to the fixed base, and a fixing assembly is provided on the oscillating assembly for fixing the blade to be coated. The oscillating assembly includes several pull rods 203, one end of which is rotatably connected to the fixed base. The other end of each pull rod 203 has a connecting structure for mounting the fixing assembly. A rotating cavity is provided inside the fixed base, and one end of each pull rod 203 is adapted to the rotating cavity via a rotating joint. A bearing is provided between the rotating joint and the rotating cavity, allowing the pull rod 203 to rotate 360° around its own axis. The bearing design between the rotary joint and the rotating cavity allows the tie rod to rotate 360° around its own axis, reducing frictional resistance during the rotation process and ensuring smooth and stable blade rotation. This prevents uneven coating deposition caused by rotational jamming. At the same time, the bearing can distribute stress during rotation, reduce wear between the tie rod and the fixed base, extend the overall service life of the tooling, ensure the consistency of blade oscillation posture during long-term use, and thus improve the stability of coating quality.

[0032] See Figure 3 The connecting assembly includes a tooling rod 204, one end of which is connected to the drive end of the coating equipment and has a pin hole. The tooling rod is connected to the drive end of the coating equipment via a pin 205. The tooling rod connects to the drive end of the coating equipment through the engagement of the pin hole and the pin. The connection structure is simple and reliable, allowing for quick assembly without complex operations. Disassembly is convenient and the repeatability is high. The pin connection effectively transmits the equipment's driving force, ensuring the tooling operates synchronously and stably with the equipment's drive end, avoiding relative displacement during transmission, ensuring the accuracy of the blade's orbital trajectory, and providing a foundation for uniform coating deposition. The fixed base is an inclined end 301 located at the other end of the tooling rod 204. The diameter of the inclined end 301 increases sequentially with the direction of automatic force transmission, and the inclination angle is 25°-35°. According to claim 4, the multi-directional oscillating tooling for coating the entire flow channel of blades is characterized in that the tooling rod 204 and the inclined end 301 are integrally formed; the axial thickness of the inclined end 301 is 10-15mm. The fixed base is designed with an inclined end whose diameter increases sequentially along the power transmission direction and whose tilt angle is 25°-35°. This structure allows the tie rod to drive the blade to form a preset tilt posture, making it easier for the blade edge plate side surface to contact the coating vapor. This solves the problem of poor coating deposition effect caused by the edge plate side being parallel to the vapor direction in traditional processes. The precise design of the tilt angle ensures effective deposition of the coating on the edge plate side without affecting the formation of columnar crystal structure on the blade surface, taking into account the deposition quality of the coating in all parts of the flow channel.

[0033] See Figure 4The pull rod 203 is externally fitted with a free sleeve 502. The inner diameter of the free sleeve 502 is 1.1-1.2 times the diameter of the pull rod 203, and its length is 0.8-0.9 times the diameter of the pull rod 203. The fixing assembly includes a tooling box 201 fixed to a connecting structure at one end of the pull rod 203. The tooling box 201 has a wedge-shaped groove 504 inside that is adapted to the fixed end of the blade to be coated. The inner wall of the wedge-shaped groove 504 is provided with anti-slip texture. The swing assembly includes a plurality of pull rods 203 evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixed base, and the included angle between adjacent pull rods 203 is equal. The free sleeve, which is movably fitted outside the tie rod, has a precisely matched inner diameter and length. During the tooling's revolution, the sleeve's free swaying allows for further adjustment of the blade's rotation rhythm and amplitude, enabling the blade's surfaces to receive coating vapor more evenly and improving coating thickness uniformity. The clearance fit between the sleeve and the tie rod does not affect the tie rod's normal rotation, and the sleeve's buffering effect reduces blade vibration during operation, preventing coating cracks or reduced adhesion due to vibration. At the same time, it protects the tie rod surface from direct corrosion by coating vapor, extending the tie rod's service life.

[0034] This invention discloses a multi-directional oscillating fixture for coating the entire flow channel of blades. The device has fewer overall components and a simple structural design, eliminating transmission structures such as gears, bearings, and chains that are prone to jamming and failure in the high-temperature environment of EB-PVD coating. This not only reduces the difficulty and cost of processing and manufacturing, but also significantly improves the operational stability of the fixture in the high-temperature deposition environment and reduces the failure rate. At the same time, it can be flexibly matched to the specific structure, size, and weight of the working blade to be coated, supporting the simultaneous processing of 3 or 5 parts in the same furnace, effectively improving coating production efficiency and reducing the processing cost per blade. Through the multi-directional swing design of the tooling, the parts revolve under the drive of the horizontal rotating main shaft, while the parts rotate on their own axis by means of the precise matching of the sleeve structure and size. This ensures that the blade surface, the rim plate side at the blade crown, and the rim plate side at the tenon can all fully contact the coating steam, ensuring that the entire flow channel surface of the working blade is covered by the thermal barrier coating without any omissions. While ensuring the original high bonding strength of the ceramic coating on the blade surface, it significantly improves the problem of loose coating and weak bonding force on the rim plate surface parallel to the steam direction in the traditional process. This greatly improves the tensile bonding strength of the coating in the rim plate area, fully meeting the design and standard requirements for coating bonding force, and effectively preventing the coating from peeling off and failing during engine service. By precisely controlling the motion of parts through a multi-directional oscillating device, a uniform and dense columnar crystalline structure is formed on the entire flow channel surface of the working blade during the vapor deposition process. In particular, the coating morphology on the edge plate side at the blade crown and tenon is consistent with that of the blade body, ensuring not only the uniformity of the coating thickness but also improving the overall structural stability of the coating. The integrity and uniformity of the columnar crystalline structure further enhance the thermal barrier coating's resistance to high-temperature oxidation, corrosion, and heat insulation, significantly improving the working blade's heat resistance and operational stability under the complex high-temperature and high-pressure operating environment of the engine, and significantly extending the overall service life of the blade and the engine. The simplified structural design of this device makes disassembly and assembly easier, requiring no complex tools or professional skills to clamp and disassemble the blades, shortening production preparation time and tooling maintenance time. Simultaneously, due to the absence of easily worn precision transmission components, the tooling requires less maintenance during long-term use, resulting in low replacement parts costs, further reducing production and operating costs and improving the overall economic efficiency of production. By using tooling to precisely control the swing trajectory and attitude of parts, the coating process conditions of blades from the same batch and different batches are highly consistent. This significantly reduces the dispersion of key indicators such as the thickness, microstructure, and bonding strength of the coating in the entire flow channel of each blade, effectively improving the stability and consistency of product quality, reducing rework and scrap due to unqualified coating quality, and significantly improving the production yield.

[0035] This invention also discloses a coating method for applying a coating to the entire flow channel of a blade based on the above-mentioned multi-directional oscillating fixture, comprising: Tooling and blade pretreatment: A multi-directional oscillating tooling for coating the entire flow channel of the blade is selected. The multi-directional oscillating tooling and the blade to be coated are cleaned with a cleaning agent to remove surface impurities. Blade clamping: The pre-treated blade to be coated is fixed to the pull rod 203 of the swing assembly by the fixing component, so that the blade to be coated is firmly positioned; Tooling and equipment docking: Connect the multi-directional swinging tooling with the blades to be coated to the rotating shaft of the coating equipment through the connecting components, turn on the rotation system of the coating equipment, and check whether the rotation and swinging functions are normal. Vacuum environment setup and preheating: Vacuuming is performed on the loading chamber and deposition chamber of the coating equipment until the vacuum level in the deposition chamber is below 5 × 10⁻⁶. - At ³Pa, the blade to be coated is heated by the electron beam gun of the equipment until the coating temperature reaches the preset process temperature; Coating deposition: The electron beam gun used for evaporating the ingot to be coated is activated to heat the ingot and cause it to evaporate to form coating vapor; at the same time, the rotating shaft of the multi-directional oscillating fixture is driven, causing the fixture and blades to revolve, and through the cooperation of the tie rod in the oscillating assembly and the fixed base, the blades rotate synchronously, so that the blade surface, the edge plate side at the crown, and the edge plate side at the tenon can all come into contact with the coating vapor; according to the preset coating thickness requirements, the coating deposition thickness is adjusted by controlling the evaporation time and the amount of ingot consumed by the ceramic ingot; Cooling and Removal: After the coating deposition is completed, the blade is moved back to the loading chamber of the equipment along with the tooling. When the blade is cooled to below 80°C in a vacuum environment, air is introduced into the loading chamber. After the air pressure inside the chamber is balanced with the outside air pressure, the furnace door is opened to remove the blade and tooling, thus completing the coating of the entire flow channel of the blade.

[0036] This invention discloses a coating method for applying a full-channel coating to blades. A cleaning agent is used to specifically clean the multi-directional oscillating fixture and the blade to be coated, thoroughly removing surface oil, dust, and other impurities. This prevents impurities from embedding between the coating and the blade substrate during coating deposition, eliminating potential problems affecting coating adhesion at the source. This lays a solid foundation for a strong bond between the coating and the blade surface, reducing the risk of coating peeling. The multi-directional oscillating fixture's fixing components firmly position the pre-treated blade with high clamping precision, effectively preventing displacement or loosening of the blade during revolution and rotation due to vibration or centrifugal force. This ensures the blade maintains a preset posture during coating, guaranteeing consistent coating deposition trajectories across the entire flow channel and avoiding problems such as uneven coating thickness and localized missed coatings caused by blade movement. The connecting components enable rapid docking between the tooling and the rotating shaft of the coating equipment, simplifying operation and ensuring high repeatability and positioning accuracy, thus shortening production preparation time. After docking, the rotation system is activated for functional testing, allowing for early detection of rotational and oscillation abnormalities. This prevents coating quality issues caused by equipment and tooling mismatches during coating, while ensuring smooth drive force transmission and stable blade revolution speed, providing power for uniform coating deposition. During coating deposition, the blades simultaneously revolve and rotate under the tooling's influence, ensuring full and uniform contact between the blade surface, the blade tip edge, and the tenon edge with coating vapor. This completely solves the problem of loose coating caused by insufficient vapor contact on the edge side in traditional coating processes. By controlling the evaporation time and consumption of the ingot, the coating thickness can be precisely met, ensuring uniform coating thickness across the entire flow channel. Combined with the structural advantages of the multi-directional oscillating tooling, this ensures the formation of dense columnar crystal structures on the blade and edge sides, significantly improving coating bonding strength and overall performance. After coating deposition, vacuum cooling to below 80°C is performed before air is introduced into the loading chamber. This avoids thermal shock to the blades due to rapid cooling, preventing coating cracks and peeling. Allowing the air pressure to equalize before removing the component during air introduction prevents airflow impact from damaging the coating, ensuring its integrity during cooling and component removal. This results in a high-quality coating with complete full-channel coverage and stable performance, extending the blade's service life. Table 1 shows the tensile bond strength of coatings applied using conventional devices; Table 2 shows the tensile bond strength of coatings applied using the multi-directional oscillating device designed in this invention.

[0037] Table 1

[0038] Table 2

[0039] Example 1 Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the single-furnace three-piece multi-directional swing device of the present invention; one end of the tooling rod 204 has a pin hole, and the pin 205 firmly connects the tooling rod 204 to the main shaft 101 of the equipment; three tie rods 203 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction at the other end of the tooling rod 204, and after the workpiece 202 is fixed by the tooling box 201, nuts are used for limiting and fixing.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod of the single-furnace three-piece multi-directional swing device of the present invention; the tooling rod 204 and the inclined end 301 are machined as a single piece. The diameter of the inclined end 301 is between 60 and 70 mm, and the thickness is between 10 and 15 mm. At the same time, in order to achieve the inclined placement of the parts, by controlling the difference between the diameter of the left end face and the diameter of the right end face of the inclined end 301, the tilt angle of the pull rod 203 after reaching the inclined end 301 is ensured to be between 25 and 35°, thereby ensuring that the workpiece exhibits multi-directional swing rotation during the rotation process.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tie rod structure of the single-furnace three-piece multi-directional swing device of the present invention. The diameter and length of the tie rod 203 are matched and controlled. The diameter of the tie rod 203 is controlled between 7 and 15 mm, and the length is controlled between 40 and 60 mm. One end of the tie rod 203 has a limiting thread 501. The nut is tightened to the limiting thread 501 to limit the position of the workpiece. At the same time, a free sleeve 502 is provided on the outer circle of the tie rod 203. Its inner diameter is 1.1 to 1.2 times the diameter of the tie rod 203, its thickness is between 0.3 and 0.5 mm, and its length is 0.8 to 0.9 times the length of the tie rod 203. The purpose of setting the free sleeve 502 is to further improve the more uniform rotation of the entire device under the drive of the main shaft, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the thickness of the parts. The screw 503 is used to clamp the parts and the protective box. The nut is used to tighten it at this point to prevent the parts from loosening. The wedge-shaped groove 504 is used to fix the tenon teeth of the working blade, thereby fixing the blade firmly.

[0042] The working process of this invention is as follows: Step 1, Cleaning: Use acetone as a cleaning agent to clean the turbine blades and tooling, preparing them for clamping. Cleaning is to prevent contamination of the parts, which could affect the adhesion of the coating.

[0043] Step 2, Tooling fabrication and clamping: According to Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the single-furnace three-piece multi-directional swing device designed in this invention is used for tooling fabrication. The working blade to be processed is installed into the protective box 201 and fixed firmly with nuts.

[0044] Step 3, applying the coating: The specific process of applying the coating is as follows: Furnace loading: Connect the device with the turbine working blades to the rotating shaft of the EB-PVD equipment via the connecting rod, start the rotating device, and check whether the rotating system is working properly.

[0045] Vacuuming: Vacuum the loading chamber and deposition chamber. The blades are sent into the deposition chamber by a servo motor. When the vacuum level is lower than 5×10-3Pa, the parts are heated. When the temperature of the thermocouple in the thermocouple tube reaches the process temperature, the ceramic ingot is heated until the current reaches the process value, and then the coating is deposited.

[0046] Deposition coating: The coating thickness is controlled by adjusting the evaporation time and the amount of ceramic ingots consumed, according to the coating thickness design requirements.

[0047] Cooling: Move the parts back into the loading chamber. When the parts are vacuum cooled to below 80°C, fill the loading chamber with air, open the furnace door and take out the turbine working blades and tooling.

[0048] The coating structure of the outer edge plates of the guide vanes was tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown. With Figure 5 , Figure 6 Compared with the coating microstructure at the large edge plate and the small edge plate after deposition coating of the original device, Figure 7 , Figure 8 The columnar crystalline structure of the ceramic coating on the upper surface of the leaf blade and the lower surface of the leaf crown is quite prominent. The coating is complete and uniform in thickness, meeting the standard requirements for coating thickness and structure on the leaf blade. Furthermore, a comparison of Tables 1 and 2 shows that, as indicated in Table 1, the thermal barrier coating on the leaf blade prepared using this device achieves an adhesion strength of over 40 MPa, indicating a significant improvement in coating adhesion.

[0049] The working principle of this invention is as follows: This invention analyzes the structural design characteristics of the entire flow channel surface of the working blade and combines the working principle of the EB-PVD equipment to design a multi-directional oscillating device for coating the entire flow channel of the blade. This device can achieve the coating of the working blade surface, the blade crown edge plate side, and the tenon edge plate side surface with thermal barrier coating, by analyzing the structural design and size of the sleeve in the multi-directional oscillating device, while the part is revolving around the central axis. This achieves the coating of the part while driving the horizontal rotating main shaft. Under the premise of ensuring the bonding strength and columnar crystal structure of the ceramic coating on the blade surface, the bonding strength of the coating on the edge plate surface is significantly improved, and a more uniform columnar crystal structure is formed. This ensures that the entire flow channel surface of the working blade is covered with thermal barrier coating, which greatly improves the heat resistance and working stability of the working blade during engine service.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of multi-directional swing tooling for coating blade, comprising a connecting assembly for connecting with the driving end of coating equipment, the other end of the connecting assembly is provided with fixed pedestal, swing assembly is movably connected on the fixed pedestal, swing assembly is provided with the fixed assembly for fixing the blade to be coated on; The swing assembly comprises a plurality of pull rods (203) rotatably connected to the fixed pedestal at one end, and the other end of the pull rod (203) is provided with a connecting structure for mounting the fixed assembly.

2. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed pedestal is internally provided with a rotating cavity, and one end of the pull rod (203) is adapted to the rotating cavity through a rotating joint. A bearing is provided between the rotating joint and the rotating cavity to allow the pull rod (203) to rotate 360° around its own axis.

3. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 1, wherein The connecting assembly comprises a tooling rod (204), and one end of the tooling rod (204) is provided with a pin hole for connecting with the driving end of the coating equipment through a pin (205).

4. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed pedestal is an inclined end (301) provided at the other end of the tooling rod (204). The diameters of the inclined end (301) gradually increase in the direction of force transmission, and the inclination angle is 25°-35°.

5. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tooling rod (204) and the inclined end (301) are integrally formed. The axial thickness of the inclined end (301) is 10-15 mm.

6. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 1, wherein The pull rod (203) is movably sleeved with a free sleeve (502). The inner diameter of the free sleeve (502) is 1.1-1.2 times the diameter of the pull rod (203), and the length is 0.8-0.9 times the length of the pull rod (203).

7. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 1, wherein The fixed assembly comprises a tooling box (201) fixed to the connecting structure at one end of the pull rod (203). The inside of the tooling box (201) is a wedge-shaped clamping groove (504) adapted to the fixed end of the blade to be coated.

8. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamping groove (504) is provided with anti-skid lines.

9. The multi-directional swing tool for vane full- passage coating of a blade according to claim 1, wherein The swing assembly comprises a plurality of pull rods (203) uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the fixed pedestal. The included angles between adjacent pull rods (203) are equal.

10. A coating method for full-duct coating of a blade based on the multi- swing tooling according to any of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of multi-directional swing tooling for coating blade, comprising a connecting assembly for connecting with the driving end of coating equipment, the other end of the connecting assembly is provided with fixed pedestal, swing assembly is movably connected on the fixed pedestal, swing assembly is provided with the fixed assembly for fixing the blade to be coated on; Tooling and blade pretreatment: select the multi-directional swing tooling for full-flow coating of blade, and clean the multi-directional swing tooling and the blade to be coated with cleaning agent to remove surface impurities; Blade clamping: the blade to be coated after pretreatment is fixed on the pull rod (203) of the swing assembly through the fixed assembly, so that the blade to be coated is firmly positioned; Tooling and equipment docking: the multi-directional swing tooling with the blade to be coated is connected with the rotating shaft of the coating equipment through the connecting assembly. Turn on the rotating system of the coating equipment to detect whether the rotation and swing functions are normal; Vacuum environment construction and preheating: the loading chamber and the deposition chamber of the coating equipment are vacuumized, and when the vacuum degree in the deposition chamber is lower than 5*10 - ³ Pa, the electron beam gun of the equipment is used to heat the to-be-coated blade until the to-be-coated temperature reaches the preset process temperature; Coating deposition: start the electron beam gun for evaporating the ingot in the blade to be coated. Heat the ingot to evaporate and form coating vapor. At the same time, drive the rotating shaft of the multi-directional swing tooling to drive the tooling and the blade to revolve. Through the cooperation of the pull rod and the fixed pedestal in the swing assembly, the blade synchronously rotates to make the blade body surface, the edge plate side of the blade crown and the edge plate side of the tenon all contact the coating vapor; According to the preset coating thickness requirement, control the evaporation time and ingot consumption of the ceramic ingot to adjust the coating deposition thickness. Cooling and taking out: after the coating deposition is completed, the blade is withdrawn to the equipment loading chamber with the tooling, and when the blade is cooled to below 80°C in a vacuum environment, air is filled into the loading chamber, and after the air pressure in the chamber is balanced with the outside, the furnace door is opened to take out the blade and the tooling, and the full-passage coating coating of the blade is completed.

Images