Experimental device for simulating drainage ditch to intercept and absorb pollutants and experimental method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of farmland drainage experiments, and provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating a drainage ditch to intercept and absorb pollutants, and the experimental device comprises a soil tank system, a water supply system, an underground water control system and a collection assembly. The soil tank system comprises a tank body, natural drainage ditch in-situ bottom mud is laid in the tank body to serve as a simulated soil layer, and the simulated soil layer is used for simulating the soil environment in a natural drainage ditch. The water supply system comprises a water storage tank and a water supply assembly, the water storage tank is used for blending and storing water samples required by experiments, and the water storage tank is communicated with the tank body through the water supply assembly so as to introduce the water samples required by the experiments into the tank body. The groundwater control system is used for controlling the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer. The collecting assembly is arranged on the simulated soil layer. According to the experimental device, the soil tank system is used for simulating a natural drainage ditch, the water supply system supplies water samples required by experiments into the tank body, and various samples in the drainage process are collected through the collection assembly, so that experimental analysis is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of farmland drainage experimental technology, and in particular to an experimental apparatus and method for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants by drainage ditches. Background Technology

[0002] Farmland is typically surrounded by drainage ditches to drain accumulated water and prevent excessive waterlogging that could negatively impact crop growth. However, this water often carries pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Microorganisms and plants within the drainage ditches can absorb and intercept these pollutants. Therefore, researching the coupled purification mechanisms of multi-component pollutants within drainage ditches is essential to reducing the pollution of downstream water bodies by nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland waterlogging.

[0003] In existing technologies, direct sampling from farmland drainage ditches is commonly used to study the purification mechanism of pollutants. However, natural drainage ditches are typically wide and deep, requiring the selection of a long section for sampling, which can be difficult and costly in terms of manpower and resources. Furthermore, the complex environment of natural drainage ditches and uncontrollable water conditions make it difficult to guarantee the repeatability of experiments and control variables to study the mechanism. The growth of microbial biofilms in natural drainage ditches varies, making it impossible to conduct multi-group comparative experiments. Indoor flume experiments also struggle to replicate the drainage environment of natural drainage ditches. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in drainage ditches, in order to solve the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the difficulty in obtaining quantitative research results from natural drainage ditch sampling, the difficulty in reproducing the natural environment in indoor water tank experiments, and the poor accuracy of the results obtained.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch, comprising: A soil trench system includes a trench body, wherein a simulated soil layer is laid in the trench body to simulate the soil in a drainage ditch. A water supply system includes a water storage tank and a water supply component. The water storage tank is used to prepare and store the water sample required for the experiment. The water storage tank is connected to the tank through the water supply component to introduce the water sample required for the experiment into the tank. A groundwater control system, which is connected to the tank, is used to control the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer. A data acquisition component is disposed in the simulated soil layer and is used to collect soil samples and runoff samples within the trench.

[0006] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants by a drainage ditch according to the present invention, the water supply port of the water supply component is provided at one end of the tank, and the other end of the tank is provided with a drain outlet. The drain outlet is equipped with a liftable gate, which can be raised and lowered to adjust the water level in the tank.

[0007] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch according to the present invention, a flow stabilizing grid is inserted in the tank, and the flow stabilizing grid is located between the water supply port and the collection component.

[0008] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch according to the present invention, the tank wall is a waterproof wall.

[0009] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch according to the present invention, the collection components include a sedimentation collector, a runoff collector, and a soil collector; The sedimentation collector is positioned above the simulated soil layer and has a sedimentation chamber with a top opening for collecting particles that settle within the tank. The runoff collector is positioned above the simulated soil layer for collecting runoff samples from the tank. The soil collector is inserted into the surface of the simulated soil layer for collecting soil samples from the simulated soil layer.

[0010] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating drainage ditch interception and absorption of pollutants of the present invention, the simulated soil layer includes a bottom mud layer and a biofilm layer, the bottom mud layer is laid at the bottom of the tank, and the biofilm layer grows on the surface of the bottom mud layer; The soil collector includes a positioning plate, a first barrel, and a second barrel, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the positioning plate. The first barrel has a first collection chamber with an opening on the side away from the positioning plate. The second barrel has a second collection chamber with an opening on the side away from the positioning plate. The depth of the second collection chamber is less than or equal to the thickness of the biofilm layer, and the depth of the first collection chamber is greater than the thickness of the biofilm layer. When the soil collector is inserted into the simulated soil layer, the positioning plate abuts against the upper surface of the simulated soil layer, and the first bucket or the second bucket is inserted into the simulated soil layer.

[0011] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating drainage ditch interception and absorption of pollutants according to the present invention, the groundwater control system includes a water supply pipe, a drainage pipe and an observation well, wherein the observation well is inserted into the simulated soil layer for observing the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer; The drain outlet of the water supply pipe is inserted at the bottom of the tank, and the inlet of the water supply pipe extends to the outside of the tank; the inlet of the drain pipe is inserted at the bottom of the tank, and the drain outlet of the drain pipe extends to the outside of the tank.

[0012] According to the experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants by a drainage ditch according to the present invention, the water supply component includes a water pump, a water supply pipe, a flow meter and a flow velocity meter, the water pump is installed in the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected to the tank body through the water supply pipe; A valve is installed inside the water supply pipe, and a flow meter is installed at the drain outlet of the water supply pipe. The flow velocity meter is installed inside the tank, and the flow meter is communicatively connected to the valve.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides an experimental method for the experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch as described in any one of the above claims, comprising: According to the simulated object, the trench is dug in the ground, and the simulated soil layer is laid in the trench to form a simulated drainage ditch environment; Water samples containing pollutant components are introduced into the tank through the water supply system, and the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer is controlled by the groundwater control system during the input process. The acquisition components are used to collect runoff samples and soil samples within the trench.

[0014] According to the experimental method of the present invention, the step of laying the simulated soil layer in the tank to form a simulated drainage ditch environment includes: A bottom mud layer of the simulated soil layer is laid in the tank; Based on the simulated object, corresponding plants are planted in the sediment layer, and corresponding microorganisms are cultivated to form a biofilm on the sediment layer.

[0015] This invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch. A tank is constructed to mimic the shape and structure of a natural drainage ditch, and a simulated soil layer is laid within the tank to replicate the soil structure of a natural drainage ditch. Simultaneously, a water supply system supplies the required water samples to the tank. This water can be used to cultivate plants and microorganisms on the simulated soil layer, making the biological community within the tank similar to or identical to that of a natural drainage ditch. Furthermore, it can be used to discharge water samples containing a fixed amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants into the tank, simulating agricultural drainage. Runoff and soil samples are collected during the drainage process using a sampling component, facilitating experimental analysis. In addition, a groundwater control system is incorporated to simulate the groundwater layer within the drainage ditch, making the simulated environment more closely resemble the natural environment and resulting in more realistic simulation results. This also allows for the study of the recharge effect of groundwater on the drainage ditch. This experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch provides a more realistic simulation environment, controllable water volume, and allows for repeated experiments, making it easier to obtain quantitative experimental results. It effectively solves the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the difficulty in obtaining quantitative research results from natural drainage ditch sampling and the inaccuracy of results obtained from indoor tank experiments that struggle to reproduce the natural environment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of an experimental device for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the experimental device for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a sedimentation collector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a soil collector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water supply pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the experimental method of the experimental device for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure label: 1. An experimental apparatus simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants by a drainage ditch; 11. Soil trench system; 111. Trench body; 1111. Gate; 112. Flow stabilizing grid; 12. Water supply system; 121. Water storage tank; 122. Water supply components; 1221. Water pump; 1222. Water delivery pipe; 1223. Flow meter; 1224. Velocity meter; 13. Collection components; 131. Sediment collector; 132. Runoff collector; 133. Soil collector; 1331. Positioning plate; 1332. First bucket; 1333. Second bucket. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0025] The following is combined with Figures 1-5 This invention describes an experimental apparatus for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch.

[0026] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus 1 for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch, comprising: a soil trough system 11, a water supply system 12, a groundwater control system, and a sampling component 13. The soil trough system 11 includes a trough body 111, within which a simulated soil layer is laid to simulate the soil within a drainage ditch. The water supply system 12 includes a water storage tank 121 and a water supply component 122. The water storage tank 121 is used to prepare and store the water sample required for the experiment. The water storage tank 121 is connected to the trough body 111 via the water supply component 122 to introduce the required water sample into the trough body 111. The groundwater control system is connected to the trough body 111 and is used to control the groundwater level within the simulated soil layer. The sampling component 13 is disposed within the simulated soil layer and is used to collect soil samples and runoff samples within the trough body 111.

[0027] In this embodiment, the soil trough system 11 includes a trough body 111, which is used to simulate the ditch structure of a drainage ditch. A simulated soil layer is laid inside the trough body 111. The composition of the simulated soil layer can be configured according to the actual soil composition of the drainage ditch to be simulated. It is understood that the simulated soil layer can be used to plant plants and cultivate microorganisms so that a drainage environment similar to that of the natural drainage ditch to be simulated is formed inside the trough body 111. This makes the mechanism and effect of pollutant interception and adsorption in the drainage ditch similar to or completely consistent with that of the natural drainage ditch to be simulated, so that the sampling results can be similar to or consistent with the sampling results in the natural drainage ditch, so as to analyze and study the absorption and interception mechanism of pollutants in the natural drainage ditch.

[0028] The water storage tank 121 of the water supply system 12 can be used to store various water samples required for experiments. It is understood that the water samples required for experiments include, but are not limited to, nutrient solutions for cultivating plants and microorganisms, and water samples containing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants for simulating farmland drainage. Specifically, after the simulated soil layer is laid in the tank 111, plants can be planted on the simulated soil layer, and microorganisms can be introduced. Then, a certain amount of nutrient solution is poured into the water storage tank 121, and the nutrient solution in the water storage tank 121 is circulated into the tank 111 through the water supply component 122. When the plants and microorganisms grow to a level similar to a natural drainage ditch, the water sample in the water storage tank 121 is replaced with a water sample containing a fixed amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants simulating farmland drainage, and discharged into the tank 111 to simulate the farmland drainage process. Because the water flow rate of the water supply system 12 is controllable, the simulation process can be repeated, facilitating experimental reproduction and result analysis.

[0029] Meanwhile, by setting up a groundwater control system to supply water to the bottom of the simulated soil layer in the tank 111, the exchange process between farmland drainage and groundwater during drainage is simulated, making the simulation process more consistent with the drainage process in a natural drainage ditch.

[0030] In addition, by setting up the collection component 13 on the simulated soil layer, runoff samples and soil samples are collected during the simulation process in order to analyze the mechanism of pollutant interception and absorption during drainage.

[0031] The experimental apparatus 1 for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch according to the present invention uses a tank 111 to simulate the shape and structure of a natural drainage ditch, and a simulated soil layer is laid in the tank 111 to simulate the soil structure of a natural drainage ditch. Simultaneously, a water supply system 12 supplies the required water samples to the tank 111. This water can be used to plant vegetation and cultivate microorganisms on the simulated soil layer, making the biological community in the tank 111 similar to or consistent with that of a natural drainage ditch. It can also be used to discharge water samples containing a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants into the tank 111 to simulate farmland drainage. A collection component 13 collects runoff samples and soil samples during the drainage process for convenient experimental analysis. Furthermore, a groundwater control system is set up to simulate the groundwater layer within the drainage ditch, making the simulated environment more closely resemble the natural environment and the simulation results more realistic. This system can also be used to study the recharge effect of groundwater on the drainage ditch. The experimental device 1 for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants by a drainage ditch of the present invention simulates an environment that is closer to the natural environment, the water volume is controllable, the experiment can be repeated, and it is easier to obtain quantitative experimental results. It effectively solves the defects of the prior art, which is that it is difficult to obtain quantitative research results by sampling natural drainage ditches, and indoor water tank experiments are difficult to reproduce the natural environment, resulting in poor accuracy of the results.

[0032] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the water supply inlet of the water supply component 122 is located at one end of the tank 111, and the other end of the tank 111 has a drain outlet. The drain outlet is equipped with a liftable gate 1111, which can be raised and lowered to adjust the water level in the tank 111.

[0033] In this embodiment, the water supply inlet of the water supply component 122 is located at one end of the tank 111 to discharge the water sample required for the experiment into the tank 111 and out through the drain outlet at the other end of the tank 111 to form a water flow, simulating the flow conditions in a natural drainage ditch. Simultaneously, the drain outlet is equipped with a liftable gate 1111 to adjust the water level in the tank 111, ensuring that the water level in the tank 111 is hydrologically similar to that in a natural drainage ditch, thus meeting the experimental requirements. Specifically, when the required water level is higher, the gate 1111 can be adjusted to the corresponding high position; when the required water level is lower, the gate 1111 can be controlled to descend to the low position.

[0034] Understandably, the discharged water can be directed into nearby ditches or into a storage tank and then pumped away using a centrifugal pump.

[0035] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a flow stabilizing grid 112 is inserted inside the tank 111, and the flow stabilizing grid 112 is located between the water supply port and the collection component 13.

[0036] In this embodiment, a flow stabilizing grid 112 is provided in the tank 111 between the water supply port and the sampling component 13. The flow stabilizing grid 112 has multiple mesh holes through which the water supply flows, so that the water flow can form a stable laminar flow after passing through the flow stabilizing grid 112. The water flow will not be affected by the turbulence formed by the water flow entering the water supply port, which would affect the sedimentation and thus affect the final sampling results, which would be detrimental to the analysis of related mechanisms. At the same time, the flow stabilizing grid 112 can quickly stabilize the water flow, eliminating the need for a long tank 111 to allow the water flow to gradually form a stable flow after entering the tank 111, which is beneficial to shortening the overall length of the tank 111.

[0037] In some embodiments, the walls of the tank 111 are waterproof walls. By setting the walls of the tank 111 as waterproof walls, external moisture is isolated, preventing external moisture from seeping into the tank 111 and exchanging with the moisture inside the tank 111, thus affecting the experimental results.

[0038] For example, the trench 111 can be directly excavated on the ground, and a geomembrane can be laid on the trench wall to form a waterproof wall, so as to prevent groundwater outside the trench 111 from seeping into the trench 111 or water inside the trench 111 from seeping into the external soil, which would affect the experimental results.

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the collection assembly 13 includes a sedimentation collector 131, a runoff collector 132, and a soil collector 133. The sedimentation collector 131 is positioned above the simulated soil layer and has a sedimentation chamber with a top opening for collecting particles settling within the tank 111. The runoff collector 132 is positioned above the simulated soil layer and is used to collect runoff samples from the tank 111. The soil collector 133 is inserted into the surface of the simulated soil layer and is used to collect soil samples from the simulated soil layer.

[0040] In this embodiment, a sedimentation collector 131 is installed on the simulated soil layer. The sedimentation collector 131 has a sedimentation chamber to receive particles settling in the tank 111, so as to analyze the composition of the particles. This also prevents the settling particles from becoming difficult to separate after mixing with the simulated soil layer, thus avoiding the inability to conduct experimental analysis on the settling particles alone. The small protrusions at the edge of the sedimentation chamber prevent bedload from the bottom sediment layer from entering the sedimentation chamber and mixing with the settling particles without affecting the upward water flow. A runoff collector 132 is installed to collect runoff samples from the surface of the simulated soil layer. Simultaneously, a soil collector 133 is inserted on the surface of the simulated soil layer to collect soil samples from the simulated soil layer.

[0041] Optionally, such as Figure 4As shown, the sedimentation collector 131 also includes a cover that is detachably disposed in the sedimentation chamber. The cover is removed before the sedimentation collector 131 is placed above the simulated soil layer. After sampling is completed, the cover is reinstalled on the sedimentation collector 131 so that the sedimentation collector 131 can be taken out and the sample is not disturbed by the water flow.

[0042] In some embodiments, the sedimentation collector 131 can be a flat cylindrical vessel with a small thickness to avoid disturbance when water flows through it. The large radius of the cylinder gives the sedimentation chamber a large receiving area, preventing the sedimentation chamber from only receiving locally settled particles and thus avoiding errors in the final analysis results due to process heterogeneity.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the thickness to radius ratio of the sedimentation collector 131 is 1:10.

[0044] In some embodiments, the simulated soil layer includes a sediment layer and a biofilm layer, with the sediment layer laid at the bottom of the tank 111 and the biofilm layer growing on the surface of the sediment layer. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the soil collector 133 includes a positioning plate 1331, a first barrel 1332, and a second barrel 1333. The first barrel 1332 and the second barrel 1333 are respectively disposed on both sides of the positioning plate 1331. The first barrel 1332 has a first collection chamber, and the side of the first collection chamber away from the positioning plate 1331 has an opening. The second barrel 1333 has a second collection chamber, and the side of the second collection chamber away from the positioning plate 1331 has an opening. The depth of the second collection chamber is less than or equal to the thickness of the biofilm layer, and the depth of the first collection chamber is greater than the thickness of the biofilm layer. When the soil collector 133 is inserted into the simulated soil layer, the positioning plate 1331 abuts against the upper surface of the simulated soil layer, and either the first barrel 1332 or the second barrel 1333 is inserted into the simulated soil layer.

[0045] In this embodiment, the simulated soil layer includes a bottom mud layer and a biofilm layer. The bottom mud layer simulates the soil layer deposited in a natural drainage ditch, while the biofilm layer simulates the surface soil layer in a natural drainage ditch that is rich in microorganisms. Accordingly, the depth of the first collection chamber of the first barrel 1332 of the soil collector 133 is greater than the thickness of the biofilm layer, allowing a soil sample from the bottom mud layer to be retrieved after the first barrel 1332 is fully inserted into the simulated soil layer and then pulled out. The depth of the second collection chamber of the second barrel 1333 on the other side of the positioning plate 1331 is less than or equal to the thickness of the biofilm layer, allowing a sample from the biofilm layer to be retrieved after the second barrel 1333 is fully inserted into the simulated soil layer and then pulled out. The positioning plate 1331 facilitates the experimenter's judgment of the barrel's insertion depth during sampling. Specifically, when sampling is performed through the first bucket 1332 and the second bucket 1333, the positioning plate 1331 abuts against the surface of the simulated soil layer, indicating that the corresponding bucket has reached the sampling depth and can be pulled out for sampling. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the first collection chamber is 5 cm deep and the second collection chamber is 0.5 cm deep.

[0047] In some embodiments, the groundwater control system includes a water supply pipe (such as...) Figure 5 As shown, a drainage pipe and an observation well are installed in the simulated soil layer to observe the groundwater level within the simulated soil layer. The drain outlet of the water supply pipe is inserted at the bottom of the tank 111, and the inlet of the water supply pipe extends to the outside of the tank 111. The inlet of the drainage pipe is inserted at the bottom of the tank 111, and the drain outlet of the drainage pipe extends to the outside of the tank 111.

[0048] In this embodiment, observation wells are inserted into the simulated soil layer to allow researchers to observe the groundwater level within the simulated soil layer. This allows researchers to control and adjust the groundwater level to ensure it always meets experimental requirements. Specifically, researchers can supply water to the bottom of the tank 111 through a water supply pipe to simulate the groundwater level. If the groundwater level is too high, researchers can drain the water from the bottom of the tank 111 through a drainage pipe to regulate the groundwater level and ensure it always meets experimental requirements.

[0049] Optionally, the water supply pipe may have multiple water inlets, which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the tank 111 so as to supply water to various locations within the tank 111 simultaneously.

[0050] Optionally, the drain pipe may also have multiple drain outlets, which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the tank 111 so as to drain water from various locations within the tank 111 simultaneously.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the water supply assembly 122 includes a water pump 1221, a water delivery pipe 1222, a flow meter 1223, and a velocity meter 1224. The water pump 1221 is installed in a water storage tank 121, which is connected to a tank 111 via the water delivery pipe 1222. A valve is installed inside the water delivery pipe 1222, and the flow meter 1223 is installed at the drain outlet of the water delivery pipe 1222. The velocity meter 1224 is installed inside the tank 111, and the flow meter 1223 is communicatively connected to the valve.

[0052] In this embodiment, the water sample required for the experiment in the water storage tank 121 can be pumped into the tank 111 via the water pump 1221 and the water supply pipe 1222. A flow meter 1223 is installed at the drain outlet of the water supply pipe 1222 to monitor the flow rate at the drain outlet. The flow meter 1223 controls the valve opening based on the flow rate at the drain outlet, ensuring that the flow rate at the drain outlet is always consistent with the experimentally set flow rate. A velocity meter 1224 monitors the flow velocity within the tank 111 and records relevant data. The recorded experimental data allows researchers to easily compare the flow velocities under different drainage conditions within the tank 111 when the drain outlet flow rate is the same, enabling further analysis of the pollutant interception and absorption mechanism in terms of water flow velocity.

[0053] Specifically, the flow meter 1223 can be an electromagnetic flow meter.

[0054] The flow velocity monitoring meter 1224 can be an ultrasonic Doppler flow meter with a flow velocity measurement range of 0.03m / s to 5m / s. It can be used to measure the water depth, flow velocity, and flow rate of the drainage inside the tank 111.

[0055] Optionally, in some embodiments, a stirring mechanism is provided inside the water storage tank 121 to stir the water sample inside the water storage tank 121 so as to mix the water sample evenly. Specifically, a stirring motor bracket can be provided at the top opening of the water storage tank 121. The stirring motor bracket extends into the water storage tank 121 to install the stirring motor. The output end below the stirring motor is connected to multiple sets of blades. The multiple sets of blades are spaced apart along the depth direction of the water storage tank 121. Specifically, the interval between two adjacent sets of blades is 0.4m.

[0056] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an experimental method for the experimental apparatus 1 for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch provided in any of the above embodiments. By employing the above-described experimental apparatus 1 for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch, the experimental method of the present invention also possesses the advantages of the above-described experimental apparatus 1 for simulating the interception and absorption of pollutants in a drainage ditch, which will not be elaborated further here. Figure 6 As shown, the above experimental method includes the following steps: Step S101: Based on the simulated object, dig a trench on the ground and lay a simulated soil layer in the trench to form a simulated drainage ditch environment.

[0057] Step S102: Input water samples containing pollutant components into the tank through the water supply system, and control the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer through the groundwater control system during the input process.

[0058] Step S103: Collect runoff samples and soil samples from the tank using the collection components.

[0059] In this embodiment, the parameters (length, width, depth, shape of each cross-section, etc.) of the trench 111 are first determined using relevant data of the simulated object (i.e., the natural drainage ditch to be simulated). The trench 111 is then excavated on the ground to simulate the shape and structure of the simulated object as closely as possible, thus achieving hydrological similarity. It is understood that the trench 111 can be excavated around the simulated object, making the surrounding geological structure and climatic conditions similar to those of the simulated object. Specifically, a foundation pit can be excavated first, and then a waterproof membrane (such as a geomembrane) can be covered on the pit walls to form a waterproof trench 111.

[0060] Specifically, in order to prevent the sides of the tank 111 from collapsing or being eroded and affecting the experimental results, the sides of the tank 111 can be filled and fixed with materials that are not easily deformed, such as cement, bricks, or clay (with strong adhesion).

[0061] Generally speaking, the length of the trench 111 should be 5-15m, and the entire trench system 11 occupies an area of ​​approximately 50m². 2 .

[0062] After the trench 111 is excavated, a simulated soil layer can be laid in the trench 111. The simulated soil layer can be directly taken from the bottom mud of the natural drainage ditch, or it can be artificially prepared so that the soil composition of the simulated soil layer is similar to or consistent with the soil composition of the natural drainage ditch. At the same time, the cross-sectional shape, size and slope of the simulated soil layer should also be similar to or consistent with the soil layer in the natural drainage ditch, so as to form a simulated drainage ditch environment similar to the natural drainage ditch in the trench 111.

[0063] Simultaneously, a water supply system 12 and a groundwater control system can be deployed around the tank 111, and a data acquisition component 13 can be installed inside the tank 111 for subsequent experiments.

[0064] After the simulated drainage ditch environment is formed within the tank 111, water samples containing pollutant components can be introduced into the tank 111 through the water supply system 12. This allows the water samples containing pollutant components to flow through the simulated drainage ditch environment within the tank 111, where some pollutant components are intercepted and absorbed, simulating the process of farmland draining through natural drainage ditches. Simultaneously, during the simulation, a groundwater control system is needed to maintain the groundwater level within the simulated soil layer, ensuring it remains at the experimentally set level to simulate the exchange process between groundwater and water within the tank 111.

[0065] After the drainage flow within the tank 111 stabilizes, runoff and soil samples can be collected using the collection component 13. Specifically, multiple settling collectors 131 positioned at different locations within the tank 111 can collect settling particle samples from various locations within the tank 111; runoff collectors 132 positioned at different locations within the tank 111 can collect runoff samples from various locations within the tank 111; and soil collectors 133 positioned at different locations within the tank 111 can collect soil samples from various locations within the tank 111. Furthermore, the soil samples can include biofilm samples simulating the soil surface layer and sediment samples from deeper layers. All of these samples can be used for subsequent analysis of the interception and absorption mechanisms of various pollutant components.

[0066] Specifically, in some embodiments, the step of laying a simulated soil layer in the tank to form a simulated drainage ditch environment includes the following steps: A bottom mud layer simulating soil is laid in the tank.

[0067] Based on the simulated object, corresponding plants are planted in the sediment layer, and corresponding microorganisms are cultivated to form a biofilm on the sediment layer.

[0068] In this embodiment, when laying the simulated soil layer, the bottom mud of a natural drainage ditch can be used directly, or artificial soil can be prepared and laid in the tank 111 to form a bottom mud layer. At the same time, a water supply system 12 is arranged around the tank 111, and the water storage tank 121 of the water supply system 12 is first filled with nutrient solution for cultivating microorganisms for plants.

[0069] Next, based on the distribution of plants and microorganisms in the simulated drainage ditch, corresponding plants can be planted in the sediment layer, and corresponding microorganisms can be cultivated. Nutrient solution is introduced into the tank 111 through the water supply system 12, allowing the plants to grow to a specified height and the microorganisms to be cultivated to a specified scale. This forms a biofilm on the surface of the sediment layer, similar to the soil surface layer of a natural drainage ditch, to better simulate the interception and absorption process of the biofilm. This allows for experimental analysis of the interception and absorption mechanisms of pollutants by the biofilm, soil, and plants during subsequent sampling.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating a drainage ditch intercepting and absorbing pollutants, characterized in that, The application relates to a soil tank system, which comprises a tank body, a simulated soil layer arranged in the tank body, a water supply system, a groundwater control system and a sampling assembly. The water supply system comprises a water storage tank and a water supply assembly, the water storage tank is used for preparing and storing water samples required by experiments, and the water storage tank is communicated with the tank body through the water supply assembly and the tank body to supply the water samples required by the experiments into the tank body. The groundwater control system is communicated with the tank body and used for controlling the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer. The sampling assembly is arranged in the simulated soil layer and used for collecting soil samples and runoff samples in the tank body. The water supply port of the water supply assembly is arranged at one end of the tank body, and a water outlet is arranged at the other end of the tank body.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch intercepting and absorbing pollutants according to claim 1, wherein, The water outlet is provided with a liftable gate which can be lifted to adjust the water level in the tank body. A steady flow grid is arranged in the tank body and located between the water supply port and the sampling assembly.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch intercepting and absorbing pollutants according to claim 2, wherein, The tank wall of the tank body is a waterproof wall.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch to intercept and absorb pollutants according to claim 1, wherein The sampling assembly comprises a sediment collector, a runoff collector and a soil collector.

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch to intercept and adsorb pollutants according to claim 1, wherein, The sediment collector is arranged above the simulated soil layer and provided with a top-open sediment cavity used for collecting the particles settled in the tank body; the runoff collector is arranged above the simulated soil layer and used for collecting the runoff samples in the tank body; and the soil collector is arranged on the surface of the simulated soil layer and used for collecting the soil samples of the simulated soil layer. The simulated soil layer comprises a bottom mud layer and a biological membrane layer, the bottom mud layer is arranged at the bottom of the tank body, and the biological membrane layer is grown on the surface of the bottom mud layer.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch intercepting and absorbing pollutants according to claim 5, wherein, The soil collector comprises a positioning plate, a first barrel body and a second barrel body, the first barrel body and the second barrel body are arranged at the two sides of the positioning plate respectively, a first collecting cavity is arranged in the first barrel body and provided with an opening at the side away from the positioning plate, a second collecting cavity is arranged in the second barrel body and provided with an opening at the side away from the positioning plate, the depth of the second collecting cavity is less than or equal to the thickness of the biological membrane layer, and the depth of the first collecting cavity is greater than the thickness of the biological membrane layer. When the soil collector is arranged in the simulated soil layer, the positioning plate abuts against the upper surface of the simulated soil layer, and the first barrel body or the second barrel body is arranged in the simulated soil layer. The groundwater control system comprises a water supply pipe, a drainage pipe and an observation well, the observation well is arranged in the simulated soil layer and used for observing the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer.

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch intercepting and absorbing pollutants according to claim 1, wherein, The water outlet of the water supply pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank body, and the water inlet of the water supply pipe extends to the outside of the tank body; the water inlet of the drainage pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank body, and the water outlet of the drainage pipe extends to the outside of the tank body. The water supply assembly comprises a water pump, a water conveying pipe, a flow monitoring meter and a flow rate monitoring meter, the water pump is arranged in the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is communicated with the tank body through the water conveying pipe.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating a drainage ditch intercepting and absorbing pollutants according to claim 1, wherein, ​ The water delivery pipe is provided with a valve, and the water delivery pipe is provided with the flow monitoring meter.

9. An experimental method of simulating the drainage ditch interception and absorption of pollutants according to the experimental device of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Comprise: According to the simulation object, the trench is dug on the ground, and the simulated soil layer is laid in the trench to form a simulated drainage ditch environment; Through the water supply system, water samples containing pollutant components are input into the trench, and the groundwater level in the simulated soil layer is controlled through the groundwater control system during the input process; Through the collection assembly, runoff samples and soil layer samples in the trench are collected.

10. The experimental method of claim 9, wherein, The step of laying the simulated soil layer in the trench to form a simulated drainage ditch environment comprises: Laying a bottom mud layer of the simulated soil layer in the trench; According to the simulation object, corresponding plants and microorganisms are planted in the bottom mud layer to form a biofilm on the bottom mud layer.

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