Pressure relief system of multi-stage gradient pressure relief type steam explosion device and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of steam explosion pressure relief, in particular to a pressure relief system of a multistage gradient pressure relief type steam explosion device and a control method, and the pressure relief system comprises a steam explosion assembly which comprises a main frame body, a main reaction tank body arranged on the main frame body, a feeding part arranged on the main frame body and a separating part arranged on the main frame body; the explosion air pressure reduction assembly comprises an air pressure reduction tank body connected with the separation component, a waste heat utilization component arranged outside the air pressure reduction tank body, a pressure relief component arranged on the air pressure reduction tank body and a control system, and the control system controls the steam explosion assembly and the explosion air pressure reduction assembly. Through cooperative operation of the steam explosion assembly, the explosion air pressure reduction assembly and the control system, steam waste heat recovery and cyclic utilization are achieved, and energy consumption is greatly reduced; a three-stage pressure relief mechanism ensures safe and stable pressure relief; the device is integrated in design and matched with a self-cleaning function, the production efficiency is improved, the maintenance cost is reduced, and industrial efficient production requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of steam explosion pressure relief, and in particular to a pressure relief system and control method for a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as biomass resource processing and chemical raw material pretreatment, steam explosion devices are key equipment for achieving lignin degradation and cellulose activation. Their core mechanism involves generating high-temperature, high-pressure steam in the main reaction tank to dissociate materials, which is then transported and separated by feeding and separation components. While existing steam explosion devices possess basic steam explosion functionality, they suffer from significant deficiencies in pressure reduction and parameter control systems. Firstly, the high-temperature steam separated after the explosion is often directly discharged or subjected to simple cooling, resulting in significant energy waste due to the failure to effectively recover the substantial heat energy contained within the steam. Furthermore, subsequent steam explosions require the consumption of new energy to generate steam, substantially increasing operating costs. Secondly, the steam compression and transport processes rely on fixed mechanical structures, lacking dynamic control mechanisms. This makes it impossible to adjust the operating status based on real-time temperature and pressure parameters, leading to fluctuations in steam parameters that affect the stability of material dissociation and fail to meet the demands of efficient and energy-saving industrial production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the pressure relief system and control method of the above-mentioned multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a pressure relief system and control method for a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pressure relief system for a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device, comprising: a steam explosion assembly, including a main frame, a main reaction tank disposed on the main frame, a feeding component disposed on the main frame, and a separation component disposed on the main frame; a blasting gas pressure reduction assembly, including a gas pressure reduction tank connected to the separation component, a waste heat utilization component disposed outside the gas pressure reduction tank, and a pressure relief component disposed on the gas pressure reduction tank, wherein a connecting pipeline is provided between the gas pressure reduction tank and the main reaction tank; and a control system, wherein the control system controls the steam explosion assembly and the blasting gas pressure reduction assembly.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the depressurization system of the multi-stage gradient depressurization steam explosion device of the present invention, the main reaction tank is provided with a plurality of connecting valve bodies, the feeding component includes a feeding conveyor connected to the main reaction tank and a feeding valve body provided at the upper end of the feeding conveyor, a heat transfer oil expansion tank is provided on the main frame, the heat transfer oil expansion tank is connected to the main reaction tank, a pneumatic ball valve is provided between the feeding valve body and the main reaction tank, and the pneumatic ball valve is electrically connected to the control system.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention, the separation component includes a cyclone separator installed on the main frame, an upper discharge pipe installed at the upper end of the cyclone separator, a lower discharge pipe installed at the lower end of the cyclone separator, and an inlet pipe installed between the cyclone separator and the main reaction tank. The upper discharge pipe is directly connected to the pressure reduction tank.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention, the waste heat utilization component includes an inlet pipe installed on the pressure reduction tank, a gas compression pipe installed on the inlet pipe, an outlet pipe installed on the gas compression pipe, and a one-way valve installed on the outlet pipe. The pressure reduction tank is provided with a mounting bracket for installing the gas compression pipe. The outlet pipe is connected to a connecting pipe. A condensate recovery tank is provided on one side of the cyclone separator. A water recovery pipe connected to the main reaction tank is provided on the condensate recovery tank.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief gas explosion device of the present invention, the gas compression pipeline includes a main compression pipeline, an inlet pipeline disposed on the main compression pipeline, a connecting gas pipe disposed between the main compression pipeline and the inlet pipeline, and a control component disposed on the mounting bracket. The main compression pipeline has openings at both ends and an outlet hole in the middle section of the main compression pipeline. A compression block is slidably connected in the opening. A lower pressure block is slidably connected on the inlet pipeline. The control component controls the sliding of the compression block and the lower pressure block. A heat-insulated conveying pipe connected to the gas pressure reduction tank extends from the outlet hole. A temperature insulation component is disposed on the heat-insulated conveying pipe. A pressure regulating valve is disposed in the outlet hole.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention, the control component includes a rotating block rotatably connected to the mounting frame, a first swing rod disposed on the rotating block, a second swing rod rotatably connected to the mounting frame, and a drive rod hinged to the lower end of the second swing rod. The first swing rod is hinged to the upper end of the second swing rod. There are two of each of the first swing rod, the second swing rod, and the drive rod, and each corresponds to two compression blocks. The drive rod is hinged to the end of the compression block.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the depressurization system of the multi-stage gradient depressurization type steam explosion device of the present invention, wherein: a lower pressure rod is hinged to one of the first swing rods near the rotating block, the lower end of the lower pressure rod is hinged to the lower pressure block, a branch pipe extends out of the air inlet pipe and communicates with the feed pipe, and an opening element is provided on the air outlet.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the depressurization system of the multi-stage gradient depressurization type steam explosion device of the present invention, the opening component includes a slide rod slidably connected in the main compression pipeline and a closing plate disposed on each slide rod. Two slide rods are provided, each corresponding to two compression blocks. An elastic element is provided between the slide rod and the closing plate. After the two closing plates cooperate, the vent is closed. A predetermined distance is left between the slide rod and the compression block. A telescopic element is provided at the end of the compression block, which allows the length of the compression block to be extended.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the depressurization system of the multi-stage gradient depressurization steam explosion device of the present invention, the moisture recovery pipe is wound around the main compression pipe, and a heat-conducting plate is provided on the contact surface between the moisture recovery pipe and the main compression pipe.

[0015] A control method for the pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device includes:

[0016] The cyclone separator is turned on to deliver steam outward. The initial parameters of the steam are collected in real time by the pressure and temperature sensors inside the cyclone separator. If the pressure deviation exceeds ±0.05MPa, the LSTM neural network is activated to dynamically adjust the amount of supplemental steam. If there is abnormal fluctuation, the circuit alarm is turned off.

[0017] Once the steam temperature and pressure meet the standards, the control system activates the control component drive motor, which drives the compression block and the lower pressure block to slide and transport steam. The control system adjusts the motor speed to ensure that the sliding speed of the compression block and the lower pressure block is matched.

[0018] When steam is compressed, heated and pressurized in the main compression pipeline, the control system adjusts the compression intensity or compression stroke according to the data from the pipeline sensors, while ensuring that steam that does not meet the standard will not be discharged from the outlet.

[0019] After the steam temperature and pressure reach the standard, the one-way valve is opened. The control system confirms the valve opening status and monitors the flow rate of the gas pipeline. In case of abnormality, it handles the blockage or adjusts the speed of the compression block to ensure that the steam flows back to the main reaction tank stably. The control system reduces the tank pressure data based on the monitored gas pressure. When the pressure reaches the threshold, the three-stage pressure relief mechanism is activated.

[0020] After depressurization is completed, based on the stored operating data, the steam injection self-cleaning unit is activated to inject 0.8MPa steam into the bimetallic ring sealing surface to remove residues; at the same time, all operating data is archived and stored to provide data support for subsequent optimization of control strategies, thus completing a single control cycle.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Opening the feeding valve of the feeding component and starting the screw conveyor transports the material to be processed from the external silo to the main reaction tank; the feeding rate is observed in real time through the flow monitoring module of the feeding conveyor; when the material in the main reaction tank reaches the preset loading amount, the feeding valve is closed first; after the remaining material in the feeding conveyor has completely entered the reaction tank, the pneumatic ball valve between the feeding valve and the main reaction tank is closed to ensure the reaction tank is sealed.

[0022] After preheating, the heating power of the heat transfer oil is increased to raise the temperature and pressure inside the main reaction tank to the preset steam explosion conditions, and this state is maintained for the steam explosion reaction. After the reaction is completed, the inlet valve between the main reaction tank and the cyclone separator is opened, and the valve opening is adjusted to control the flow rate of the mixed gas into the cyclone separator. The cyclone separator is started, and gas-solid separation is achieved by using centrifugal force. The separated solid impurities are deposited at the bottom of the cyclone separator, and the pneumatic discharge valve of the lower discharge pipe is opened periodically to discharge them. The separated steam is transported to the pressure reduction tank through the upper discharge pipe.

[0023] Open the valves on the inlet pipes of the pressure reduction tank and the waste heat recovery component to allow steam to enter the inlet pipe of the gas compression pipeline. Start the drive motor of the control unit to drive the rotating block to rotate. When the rotating block rotates, it pulls the two first swing rods toward each other or pushes them apart, thereby driving the two second swing rods to swing. This pulls the lower compression blocks toward each other or away from each other. When the two compression blocks move toward each other, they compress the steam in the main compression pipeline, thereby increasing the steam pressure and temperature. At the same time, as the rotating block rotates, it continuously drives the lower pressure rod to move up and down, thereby driving the lower pressure block to move up and down. The upward movement of the lower pressure block will draw steam into the inlet pipe, while the downward movement of the lower pressure block will force the steam into the main compression pipeline. The above actions realize steam compression and replenishment.

[0024] When the steam pressure in the main compression pipeline reaches the set value, the two compression blocks will slide and push the slide rod, causing the slide rod to open the switch plate, exposing the vent hole. The vent hole will then transport steam to the pressure reduction tank through the insulated conveying pipe, and then back to the main reaction tank through the vent pipe, achieving instantaneous pressure burst and thus reducing the pressure.

[0025] This invention achieves the recovery and recycling of steam waste heat through the coordinated operation of steam explosion components, explosion pressure reduction components and control system, which significantly reduces energy consumption; dynamically controls steam temperature and pressure and conveying rate to ensure stable material dissociation effect; a three-stage pressure relief mechanism ensures safe and stable pressure relief; and the integrated design of the device with self-cleaning function improves production efficiency, reduces maintenance costs and adapts to the needs of high-efficiency industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting gas pressure reduction component of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waste heat utilization component of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas compression pipeline of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the steam flow path within the gas compression pipeline of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the compressed steam discharge system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the compression block of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating block of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method of the pressure relief system of the multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, Gas explosion assembly; 101, Main frame; 102, Main reaction tank; 103, Feeding component; 104, Separation component; 200, Explosion pressure reduction assembly; 201, Pressure reduction tank; 202, Waste heat utilization component; 203, Pressure relief component; 204, Connecting pipeline; 1031, Feeding conveyor; 1032, Feeding valve body; 1033, Heat transfer oil expansion tank; 1034, Pneumatic ball valve; 1041, Cyclone separator; 1042, Upper discharge pipe; 1043, Lower discharge pipe; 1044, Inlet pipe; 2011, Feeding pipeline; 2012, Gas compression pipeline; 2013, Gas outlet pipeline; 2014 1. One-way valve; 2015. Mounting bracket; 2016. Condensate recovery tank; 2017. Moisture recovery pipe; 20121. Main compression pipeline; 20122. Inlet pipeline; 20123. Connecting air pipe; 20124. Branch pipe; 205. Air outlet; 206. Compression block; 207. Lower pressure block; 208. Insulated conveying pipe; 300. Control component; 301. Rotating block; 302. First swing rod; 303. Second swing rod; 304. Drive rod; 305. Lower pressure rod; 400. Opening component; 401. Sliding rod; 402. Closing plate; 403. Elastic component; 404. Sliding sleeve; 405. Electrically controlled telescopic rod; 406. Heat-conducting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0041] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Reference Figures 1-9 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a pressure relief system for a multi-stage gradient pressure relief type steam explosion device, including a steam explosion component 100. The steam explosion component 100 is the core execution unit for material steam explosion. In this embodiment, the steam explosion component 100 includes a main frame 101, a main reaction tank 102 disposed on the main frame 101, a feeding component 103 disposed on the main frame 101, and a separation component 104 disposed on the main frame 101.

[0044] In this embodiment, the main reaction tank 102 is made of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant stainless steel to meet the reaction requirements of materials under high temperature and high pressure. The main reaction tank 102 is fixed to the main frame 101 by high-strength bolts. Shock-absorbing pads are installed between the bottom of the main frame 101 and the main reaction tank 102 to reduce vibration transmission during operation. Multiple connecting valves are provided on the main reaction tank 102. In this embodiment, the connecting valves include an air inlet valve, a feed valve, a pressure safety valve, a temperature sensor interface, a discharge valve, and a drain valve. All valves are sealed with metal-clad gaskets at the connection points with the tank to ensure the airtightness of the tank and prevent leakage of high-temperature and high-pressure steam.

[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the feeding component 103 includes a feeding conveyor 1031 connected to the main reaction tank 102 and a feeding valve body 1032 disposed at the upper end of the feeding conveyor 1031. The feed end of the screw conveyor is connected to an external silo, and the discharge end is connected to the feed valve body of the main reaction tank 102 through a flange. A pneumatic ball valve 1034 is installed between the discharge end and the feed valve body. The pneumatic ball valve 1034 has a fast response speed and can be precisely adjusted by the control system to control the feeding rate, ensuring that the material enters the main reaction tank 102 evenly and avoiding fluctuations in the reaction inside the tank due to uneven feeding.

[0046] Preferably, the screw conveyor is inclined, and the upper end of the screw conveyor is bent to form a bent pipe structure. A monitoring module for the feeding valve body 1032 is provided on the feeding valve body 1032. The monitoring module is used to monitor the flow rate of the feeding.

[0047] Furthermore, a heat transfer oil expansion tank 1033 is installed on the side of the main frame 101 near the main reaction tank 102. The heat transfer oil expansion tank 1033 is connected to the heat transfer oil jacket of the main reaction tank 102 through a seamless steel pipe. A manual shut-off valve is installed on the pipe. The heat transfer oil jacket is used to introduce heat transfer oil to heat the tank, while the expansion tank is used to balance the pressure generated by the thermal expansion of the heat transfer oil and to replenish the heat transfer oil lost during long-term use, maintaining a stable heat transfer oil level in the jacket.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the separation component 104 includes a cyclone separator 1041 mounted on the main frame 101, an upper discharge pipe 1042 mounted on the upper end of the cyclone separator 1041, a lower discharge pipe 1043 mounted on the lower end of the cyclone separator 1041, and an inlet pipe 1044 mounted between the cyclone separator 1041 and the main reaction tank 102. Two cyclone separators 1041 are provided and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main reaction tank 102. The two cyclone separators 1041 are fixed to a dedicated bracket on the main frame 101 by bolts. The inlet pipe 1044 is a high-temperature resistant stainless steel pipe. A high-temperature resistant butterfly valve is installed on the inlet pipe 1044. The high-temperature resistant butterfly valve is used to regulate the flow rate of steam entering the cyclone separator 1041 to avoid excessive flow causing airflow turbulence in the separator and affecting the separation efficiency.

[0049] Preferably, the cyclone separator 1041 is provided with an upper discharge pipe 1042 at the upper end, which is directly connected to the air inlet of the pressure reduction tank 201 through a flange. The cyclone separator 1041 is provided with a lower discharge pipe 1043 at the lower end, and a pneumatic unloading valve is installed on the lower discharge pipe 1043. The unloading valve is connected to the control system and can be set to open at a time to discharge solid impurities or condensate accumulated at the bottom of the cyclone separator 1041 and prevent pipeline blockage.

[0050] Preferably, a condensate outlet is provided on the cyclone separator 1041, which is connected to the condensate recovery tank 2016 through a pipe. The bottom of the condensate recovery tank 2016 is provided with a water recovery pipe 2017, and the other end is connected to the water inlet of the main reaction tank 102 to realize the recovery and reuse of condensate, reduce water waste, and at the same time reduce the heating energy consumption of the tank by utilizing the waste heat of condensate.

[0051] Furthermore, the present invention also includes an explosion pressure reduction component 200, which is used to recover steam during the steam explosion process and recycle the steam back to the main reaction tank 102 after processing, thereby realizing energy recovery and utilization and reducing external energy consumption. In this embodiment, the explosion pressure reduction component 200 includes a pressure reduction tank 201 connected to the cyclone separator 1041, a waste heat utilization component 202 disposed outside the pressure reduction tank 201, and a pressure relief component 203 disposed on the pressure reduction tank 201.

[0052] Furthermore, a pressure reduction tank 201 is also installed on the main frame 101, and the pressure reduction tank 201 is made of stainless steel. The outside of the pressure reduction tank 201 is wrapped with an insulation layer to reduce the heat loss of steam inside the pressure reduction tank 201. A pressure relief valve 203 is installed on the top of the pressure reduction tank 201 as a pressure relief component 203. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds the set value, it will automatically release pressure to ensure the safety of the tank.

[0053] Preferably, a connecting pipe 204 is provided between the pressure reduction tank 201 and the main reaction tank 102. One end of the connecting pipe 204 is connected to the gas outlet of the pressure reduction tank 201, and the other end is connected to the gas return port of the main reaction tank 102. A pneumatic shut-off valve is installed on the connecting pipe 204 to control the on / off of steam return.

[0054] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the waste heat utilization component 202 includes an inlet pipe 2011 connected to the upper discharge pipe 1042, a gas compression pipe 2012 disposed on the inlet pipe 2011, an outlet pipe 2013 disposed on the pressure reduction tank 201, and a one-way valve 2014 disposed on the outlet pipe 2013. The inlet pipe 2011 is flange-connected to the upper discharge pipe 1042 of the cyclone separator 1041, and the other end of the inlet pipe 2011 is connected to the gas compression pipe 2012. The outlet pipe 2013 extends from the pressure reduction tank 201 and is then connected to the connecting pipe 204. A manual shut-off valve is installed on the outlet pipe 2013 to facilitate the cutting off of the steam passage during maintenance.

[0055] Furthermore, a mounting bracket 2015 for installing a gas compression pipeline 2012 is provided on the pressure reduction tank 201. The gas compression pipeline 2012 is fixed to the outside of the pressure reduction tank 201 by the mounting bracket 2015. The mounting bracket 2015 must ensure that the gas compression pipeline 2012 is stable and avoids shaking during operation. In this embodiment, the gas compression pipeline 2012 includes a main compression pipeline 20121, an inlet pipeline 20122 provided on the main compression pipeline 20121, a connecting gas pipe 20123 provided between the main compression pipeline 20121 and the inlet pipeline 20122, and a control component 300 provided on the mounting bracket 2015. The main compression pipeline 20121 is installed horizontally, and openings are provided at both ends of the main compression pipeline 20121. A compression block 206 is slidably connected in the openings at both ends. A sealing element is provided between the compression block 206 and the inner wall of the pipeline to prevent steam leakage.

[0056] Furthermore, the intake pipe 20122 is vertically arranged above the main compression pipe 20121, and the connecting pipe 20123 connects the intake pipe 20122 and the main compression pipe 20121. A lower pressure block 207 is slidably connected within the intake pipe 20122, and a sealing element is also provided between the lower pressure block 207 and the inner wall of the pipe. In this embodiment, the sealing element is a rubber ring. An air outlet 205 is opened in the middle section of the main compression pipe 20121, and a heat-insulated delivery pipe 208 is installed in the main compression pipe 20121. On the outer wall of 121, and then connected to the air outlet 205, a temperature insulation component is provided on the heat-insulating conveying pipe 208. In this embodiment, the temperature insulation component is a spiral heat-insulating pipe wound together. An electric heater is provided in the spiral heat-insulating pipe to maintain the temperature of the steam sent from the air outlet 205. A pressure regulating valve is installed in the air outlet 205. The pressure regulating valve can be set to an outlet pressure threshold. The conveying is only opened when the pressure inside the tank is higher than the threshold, so as to ensure that the steam pressure entering the pipeline is always stable at the target value.

[0057] Furthermore, the control component 300 is mounted on the mounting bracket 2015 and is used to drive the sliding of the compression block 206 and the lower pressure block 207 to pressurize and heat the steam. In this embodiment, the control component 300 includes a rotating block 301 rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 2015, a first swing rod 302 disposed on the rotating block 301, a second swing rod 303 rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 2015, and a drive rod 304 hinged to the lower end of the second swing rod 303. The rotating block 301 is connected by a shaft. The rotating block 301 is integrally spindle-shaped and is connected to the support shaft of the mounting bracket 2015. Both first swing rods 302 are hinged to both ends of the rotating block 301, and the other end of each first swing rod 302 is hinged to the second swing rod 303. In the initial state, the first swing rod 302 is horizontal and the second swing rod 303 is vertical. The lower end of each second swing rod 303 is hinged to the drive rod 304. The other end of the drive rod 304 is connected to the compression block 206, and the connection method is also hinged.

[0058] Preferably, the two second swing rods 303 are hinged at their midpoints on the same horizontal plane. A lower pressure rod 305 is also hinged to the rotating block 301. The hinge position of the lower pressure rod 305 is located on the rotating block 301 near one of the first swing rods 302. The lower end of the lower pressure rod 305 is hinged to the lower pressure block 207. When the rotating block 301 rotates, it will pull the two first swing rods 302 toward each other or push them apart, thereby causing the two second swing rods 303 to swing, thus pushing the lower compression block 206 toward... Pulling the two compression blocks 206 towards each other or away from each other, the steam in the main compression pipe 20121 is compressed when the two compression blocks 206 move towards each other, thereby increasing the steam pressure and temperature. At the same time, when the rotating block 301 rotates, it continuously drives the lower pressure rod 305 to move up and down, thereby driving the lower pressure block 207 to move up and down. The upward movement of the lower pressure block 207 will draw steam into the air intake pipe 20122, while the downward movement of the lower pressure block 207 will force the steam into the main compression pipe 20121. The above actions realize steam compression and replenishment.

[0059] Preferably, a branch pipe 20124 is provided on the feed pipe 2011 to connect with the intake pipe 20122, and a one-way valve 2014 is provided on the feed pipe 2011 near the intake pipe 20122. The one-way valve 2014 ensures that gas can only enter the intake pipe 20122 from the feed pipe 2011.

[0060] Furthermore, an opening element 400 is provided on the vent 205. The opening element 400 is installed inside the main compression pipeline 20121 and is used to control the opening and closing of the vent 205 to ensure that only steam with the required temperature and pressure is discharged. The opening element 400 includes a slide rod 401 slidably connected in the main compression pipeline 20121 and a closing plate 402 provided on each slide rod 401. There are two slide rods 401, corresponding to two compression blocks 206 respectively. An elastic element 403 is provided between the slide rod 401 and the closing plate 402. After the two closing plates 402 cooperate, the vent 205 is closed. A predetermined distance is left between the slide rod 401 and the compression block 206. A telescopic element is provided at the end of the compression block 206 to extend the length of the compression block 206. The slide rod 401 is slidably connected to the inner wall slide of the main compression pipeline 20121. The closing plate 402 is fixed to the end of the slide rod 401. Each closing plate 402 is semi-circular. When the two closing plates 402 are in the initial state, the two closing plates 402 are set facing each other and spliced ​​together to form a circular sheet to close the air outlet 205.

[0061] Preferably, the elastic element 403 is a spring, which is sleeved on the slide rod 401 and pushes the closing plate 402 to close the air outlet 205 in its natural state.

[0062] Preferably, in this embodiment, the telescopic member is fixed to the end of the compression block 206. The telescopic member includes a sliding sleeve 404 slidably connected to the compression block 206. An electrically controlled telescopic rod 405 is provided between the sliding sleeve 404 and the compression block 206. The electrically controlled telescopic rod 405 can control the relative distance between the sliding sleeve 404 and the compression block 206. When the relative distance between the sliding sleeve 404 and the compression block 206 is relatively large, it will abut against the sliding rod 401 faster, and thus push the sliding rod 401 earlier. When the relative distance between the sliding sleeve 404 and the compression block 206 is relatively small, it will abut against the sliding rod 401 later, and thus push the sliding rod 401 later, and thus expose the vent 205 later, and thus further compress the internal steam.

[0063] The control system is responsible for collecting operational data, outputting control commands, and realizing automated operation. It consists of a control cabinet, sensors, and actuators.

[0064] The control cabinet is made of stainless steel with a protection rating suitable for the site environment. It is placed next to the equipment in a location that is easy to operate and observe. The cabinet houses a PLC controller, a touch screen, relays, contactors, and a power module. The PLC controller is the core component, supporting communication protocols to receive sensor signals and output control commands. The touch screen is connected to the PLC to display operating parameters and status, as well as to set process parameters and perform manual operations. The relays and contactors amplify the PLC output signals and control high-power actuators. The power module provides a stable power supply to all components.

[0065] Furthermore, a condensate recovery tank 2016 is provided on one side of the cyclone separator 1041. A moisture recovery pipe 2017 connected to the main reaction tank 102 is provided on the condensate recovery tank 2016. The moisture recovery pipe 2017 is wound around the main compression pipeline 20121. A heat-conducting plate 406 is provided on the contact surface between the moisture recovery pipe 2017 and the main compression pipeline 20121. The heat generated by the compressed steam is used to heat the condensate in the moisture recovery pipe 2017. Then the condensate is transported back to the main reaction tank 102 for use in the steam explosion process.

[0066] Sensors are installed in the main reaction tank 102, the pressure reduction tank 201, the main compression pipeline 20121, the moisture recovery pipeline 2017, the heat transfer oil jacket, and the insulated conveying pipeline 208 to monitor the temperature of each part. Diffused silicon pressure transmitters are selected as pressure sensors and are installed in the main reaction tank 102, the pressure reduction tank 201, the main compression pipeline 20121, the connecting pipeline 204, and the inlet pipeline 20122 to monitor the pressure of each part. Vortex flow meters are selected as flow sensors and are installed in the outlet pipeline 2013 and the moisture recovery pipeline 2017 to monitor the steam and condensate flow rates. All sensors are connected to the PLC analog input module through shielded cables to avoid signal interference.

[0067] Operation process: Open the feeding valve 1032 of the feeding component 103, start the screw conveyor, and transport the material to be processed from the external silo to the main reaction tank 102; observe the feeding rate in real time through the flow monitoring module of the feeding conveyor 1031; when the material in the main reaction tank 102 reaches the preset loading amount, first close the feeding valve 1032; after the remaining material in the feeding conveyor 1031 has completely entered the main reaction tank 102, close the pneumatic ball valve 1034 between the feeding valve 1032 and the main reaction tank 102 to ensure that the main reaction tank 102 is sealed.

[0068] After preheating, the heating power of the heat transfer oil is increased to raise the temperature and pressure inside the main reaction tank 102 to the preset steam explosion conditions, and this state is maintained for steam explosion reaction. After the reaction is completed, the valve of the inlet pipe 1044 between the main reaction tank 102 and the cyclone separator 1041 is opened, and the valve opening is adjusted to control the flow rate of the mixed gas into the cyclone separator 1041. The cyclone separator 1041 is started, and gas-solid separation is achieved by using centrifugal force. The separated solid impurities are deposited at the bottom of the cyclone separator 1041, and the pneumatic discharge valve of the lower discharge pipe 1043 is opened periodically to discharge them. The separated steam is transported through the upper discharge pipe 1042.

[0069] Open the valve in the feed line 2011 to allow steam to enter the inlet line 20122 of the gas compression line 2012; start the drive motor of the control unit 300 to drive the rotating block 301 to rotate. When the rotating block 301 rotates, it will pull the two first swing rods 302 towards each other or push them away from each other, thereby driving the two second swing rods 303 to swing, thus pulling the lower compression blocks 206 towards each other or away from each other. When the 6 components move towards each other, they compress the steam in the main compression pipe 20121, thereby increasing the steam pressure and temperature. At the same time, as the rotating block 301 rotates, it continuously drives the lower pressure rod 305 to move up and down, thereby driving the lower pressure block 207 to move up and down. The upward movement of the lower pressure block 207 will draw steam into the intake pipe 20122, while the downward movement of the lower pressure block 207 will force the steam into the main compression pipe 20121. The above actions realize steam compression and replenishment.

[0070] When the steam pressure in the main compression pipeline 20121 reaches the set value, the two compression blocks 206 will slide and push the slide rod 401, causing the slide rod 401 to open the switch plate, exposing the vent 205. The vent 205 then transports steam through the heat-insulated conveying pipe 208 to the pressure reduction tank 201, and then back to the main reaction tank 102 through the vent pipeline 2013, achieving an instantaneous pressure burst and thus reducing the pressure.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Reference Figure 10 This embodiment also discloses a control method for the pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion device, including the following steps:

[0073] S1: Start the control system and turn on the cyclone separator 1041 to deliver steam; the initial parameters of the steam are collected in real time by the pressure and temperature sensors inside the cyclone separator 1041. If the pressure deviation exceeds ±0.05MPa, the LSTM neural network is started to dynamically adjust the amount of supplementary steam. If there is abnormal fluctuation, the passage alarm is turned off.

[0074] S2: Based on the collected steam parameters, after confirming that the standard is met, the control unit 300 drives the motor to rotate the rotating block 301. Through the linkage of the first swing rod 302, the second swing rod 303 and the drive rod 304, the compression block 206 in the main compression pipeline 20121 is pushed to slide. At the same time, with the help of the lowering rod 305, the lowering block 207 in the air intake pipeline 20122 is pushed to slide, so that the steam in the pressure reduction tank 201 is introduced into the main compression pipeline 20121. During this period, the motor speed is adjusted according to the displacement sensor data, and the status of the bimetallic ring sealing surface is monitored. The heat of the condensate is recovered by the water recovery pipe 2017 wrapped around the main compression pipeline 20121 and equipped with the heat conduction plate 406. The speed of the condensate delivery pump is adjusted according to the temperature sensor data to enhance heat exchange.

[0075] S3: Utilizing the steam parameters continuously collected by the pressure and temperature sensors within the main compression pipeline 20121, when the pressure reaches 1.0 MPa and the temperature reaches 180℃, the compression block 206 pushes the opening element 400 to expose the vent 205, and then the steam is delivered to the pressure reduction tank 201; combined with the material distribution data of the main reaction tank 102 monitored by the X-ray densitometer, if the local density > 1.2 g / cm³... 3 Then the radial auxiliary pressure relief port is activated to compensate for the flow rate. Simultaneously, based on the data from the 2013 flow sensor in the outlet pipeline, if the flow rate stabilizes at 30-50 m³ / h... 3 / h maintains the compressed state, allowing the steam to flow back to the main reaction tank 102 via the connecting pipe 204.

[0076] S4: Based on the monitored pressure data of the pressure reduction tank 201, when the pressure reaches the threshold, a three-stage pressure relief mechanism is activated: Stage 1 (0-0.1s) - The pressure relief component 203 is activated, and the pressure relief rate is monitored in real time by a piezoelectric pressure sensor. The target is controlled at 200MPa / s. If the rate is too high, the nozzle opening is finely adjusted; Stage 2 (0.1-0.5s) - The radial auxiliary pressure relief port with a 30° spiral guide groove is activated, and the opening is adjusted in combination with the flow monitoring data to separate the material using centrifugal force; Stage 3 (0.5-1.2s) - The end adjustable venturi tube is activated, and the pressure relief time is extended to 0.5-1.2 seconds through the negative pressure effect to ensure that the pressure is steadily reduced to atmospheric pressure.

[0077] S5: After depressurization is completed, based on the full-process stored operating data, the steam injection self-cleaning unit is started to spray 0.8MPa high-pressure steam onto the bimetallic ring sealing surface to remove residues and extend the maintenance cycle of the seal to 2000 cycles; at the same time, all operating data is archived and stored to provide data support for subsequent optimization of control strategies and complete a single control cycle.

[0078] It is important to note that the constructions and arrangements of this application shown in several different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who consult this disclosure will readily understand that many modifications are possible (e.g., changes in the size, dimensions, structure, shape, and proportions of various elements, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature or number or position of discrete elements may be changed or altered. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or rearranged according to alternative embodiments. Any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent in structure. Other substitutions, modifications, alterations, and omissions may be made in the design, operation, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended protection.

[0079] Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of actual embodiments (i.e., those features that are not relevant to the currently considered best mode for carrying out the invention, or those features that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may be omitted.

[0080] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0081] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure relief system for a multi-stage gradient pressure relief type steam explosion device, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a steam explosion assembly (100) and a blast gas pressure reduction assembly (200) and a control system. The main reaction tank body (102) is provided with a plurality of connecting valve bodies, the feeding component (103) comprises a feeding conveyor (1031) connected with the main reaction tank body (102), a feeding valve body (1032) arranged on the upper end of the feeding conveyor (1031), a heat conducting oil expansion tank (1033) arranged on the main frame body (101), the heat conducting oil expansion tank (1033) being connected with the main reaction tank body (102), a pneumatic ball valve (1034) arranged between the feeding valve body (1032) and the main reaction tank body (102), and the pneumatic ball valve (1034) being electrically connected with the control system. The separation component (104) comprises a cyclone separator (1041) arranged on the main frame body (101), an upper discharge pipe (1042) arranged on the upper end of the cyclone separator (1041), a lower discharge pipe (1043) arranged on the lower end of the cyclone separator (1041), and an inlet pipe (1044) arranged between the cyclone separator (1041) and the main reaction tank body (102), the upper discharge pipe (1042) being directly connected to the gas pressure reduction tank body (201). The waste heat utilization component (202) comprises a feeding pipe (2011) connected with the upper discharge pipe (1042), a gas compression pipe (2012) arranged on the feeding pipe (2011), a gas outlet pipe (2013) arranged on the gas pressure reduction tank body (201), a one-way valve (2014) arranged on the gas outlet pipe (2013), a mounting frame (2015) arranged on the gas pressure reduction tank body (201) for mounting the gas compression pipe (2012), the gas outlet pipe (2013) being connected with the connecting pipe (204), a condensate water recovery tank body (2016) arranged on one side of the cyclone separator (1041), and a water recovery pipe (2017) arranged on the condensate water recovery tank body (2016) and connected with the main reaction tank body (102).

2. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The control system controls the steam explosion assembly (100) and the blast gas pressure reduction assembly (200).

3. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: ​ 4. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: ​ 5. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The gas compression pipeline (2012) includes a main compression pipeline (20121), an air inlet pipeline (20122) arranged on the main compression pipeline (20121), a communication air pipe (20123) arranged between the main compression pipeline (20121) and the air inlet pipeline (20122), and a control member (300) arranged on the mounting frame (2015), the main compression pipeline (20121) is provided with an opening at both ends, the main compression pipeline (20121) is provided with an air outlet hole (205) at the middle, the compression block (206) is slidably connected in the opening, the lower compression block (207) is slidably connected on the air inlet pipeline (20122), the control member (300) controls the sliding of the compression block (206) and the lower compression block (207), the air outlet hole (205) is provided with a heat preservation conveying pipe (208) connected with the air pressure reduction tank (201), the heat preservation conveying pipe (208) is provided with a temperature preservation member, and the air outlet hole (205) is provided with a pressure regulating valve.

6. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The control member (300) includes a rotating block (301) rotatably connected to the mounting frame (2015), a first swing rod (302) arranged on the rotating block (301), a second swing rod (303) rotatably connected to the mounting frame (2015), and a drive rod (304) hingedly connected to the lower end of the second swing rod (303), the first swing rod (302) is hingedly connected to the upper end of the second swing rod (303), the first swing rod (302) and the second swing rod (303) and the drive rod (304) are all provided with two, and correspond to two compression blocks (206) respectively, and the drive rod (304) is hingedly connected to the end of the compression block (206).

7. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: The rotating block (301) is hingedly connected with a lower pressing rod (305) near one of the first swing rods (302), the lower end of the lower pressing rod (305) is hingedly connected with the lower compression block (207), the air inlet pipeline (20122) extends a branch pipe (20124) and communicates with the inlet pipeline (2011), and the air outlet hole (205) is provided with an opening member (400).

8. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein: The opening member (400) includes a sliding rod (401) slidably connected in the main compression pipeline (20121), and a closing plate (402) arranged on each sliding rod (401), the sliding rod (401) is provided with two, respectively corresponding to two compression blocks (206), an elastic member (403) is arranged between the sliding rod (401) and the closing plate (402), two closing plates (402) are matched to close the air outlet hole (205), a predetermined distance is left between the sliding rod (401) and the compression block (206), an extension member is arranged at the end of the compression block (206), and the extension member extends the length of the compression block (206).

9. The pressure relief system of a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The moisture recovery pipe (2017) is wound on the main compression pipeline (20121), and the contact surface of the moisture recovery pipe (2017) and the main compression pipeline (20121) is provided with a heat conducting plate (406).

10. A control method for a pressure relief system applied to a multi-stage gradient pressure relief steam explosion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by: It comprises: The cyclone separator (1041) is opened to deliver steam outward, and the initial parameters of the steam are collected in real time by the pressure and temperature sensors inside the cyclone separator (1041). If the pressure deviation exceeds ±0.05 MPa, the LSTM neural network is started to dynamically adjust the steam supply, and the path is closed and an alarm is given if there is abnormal fluctuation. After the steam temperature and pressure meet the standards, the control system starts the control component (300) to drive the motor, which drives the compression block (206) and the lower compression block (207) to slide and deliver the steam. The control system adjusts the motor speed to ensure that the sliding speed of the compression block (206) and the lower compression block (207) matches. When the steam is compressed and heated in the main compression pipeline (20121), the control system adjusts the compression strength or compression stroke according to the pipeline sensor data, while ensuring that the steam that does not meet the standards will not be discharged from the outlet hole (205). After the one-way valve (2014) is opened when the steam temperature and pressure meet the standards, the control system confirms the opening state of the valve and monitors the flow of the outlet pipeline (2013). If there is an abnormality, the control system handles the jam or adjusts the speed of the compression block (206) to ensure that the steam is stably returned to the main reaction tank (102). According to the monitored pressure reduction tank (201) pressure data, when the pressure reaches the threshold value, the three-stage pressure relief mechanism is started. After the pressure relief is completed, based on the stored operation data throughout the process, the steam injection self-cleaning unit is started to spray 0.8 MPa steam to the bimetallic ring sealing surface to remove residues. At the same time, all operation data is archived and stored to provide data support for subsequent optimization of control strategies, and a single control cycle is completed.

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