Design method for special-shaped teeth

Abstract

The invention relates to a design method for a special-shaped tooth, which comprises the following steps of: establishing a basic tooth surface structure function library; determining a design demand based on the rock characteristics of the target stratum and the target working condition; and selecting at least one tooth surface structure from the tooth surface structure function library according to the design requirement for combination, and adjusting the geometrical characteristics of each tooth surface structure to obtain a design result. In this way, the design of the special-shaped tooth can be more streamlined and customized, so that the design efficiency is improved, and the design result better meets the design requirement. In addition, the tooth surface structure of the special-shaped tooth is creatively divided into a cut-in structure, a dispersion structure, a heat dissipation structure and a stable structure according to functions, and the functions of all parts of the tooth surface of the special-shaped tooth in the rock breaking process are defined. In this way, the design efficiency can be effectively improved, so that the designed special-shaped tooth better meets the requirements of the stratum environment and the working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling design technology, and more specifically to a design method for irregularly shaped drilling rigs. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are many types of PDC (Polymer Density Control) teeth, each exhibiting superior performance in a specific function. For example, the sharp structures of axe-shaped, conical, and triangular teeth allow for more concentrated and smaller forces to penetrate rock; conical teeth and Stabilis reinforced teeth offer better stability and wear resistance; rotary teeth distribute force and wear evenly across their surfaces when cutting rock; PDC teeth with planar structures, such as triangular teeth, are more likely to penetrate the formation, creating fracture pits and generating larger pre-fracture zones; StayCool multi-dimensional cutting teeth improve the heat conversion efficiency of the tooth surface; and the combination of ION series cutting teeth and Pheonix series drill bits achieves maximum cooling at the hottest cutting teeth.

[0003] Therefore, compared to traditional PDC flat teeth, PDC profiled teeth improve rock-breaking efficiency and ensure drill bit reliability through their unique tooth surface structure. Different tooth surface structures can address the problems brought about by different formation environments and working conditions. However, the existing technology lacks a design methodology for profiled teeth to design corresponding profiled teeth for formation environments and working condition requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, the present invention provides a design method for irregular teeth, which makes the design of irregular teeth more streamlined and customized, improves design efficiency, and makes the designed irregular teeth more in line with the geological environment and working conditions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide a design method for irregular teeth, including the following steps,

[0006] Step S1: Establish a basic tooth surface structure function library;

[0007] Step S2: Determine design requirements based on the rock characteristics of the target strata and the target working conditions;

[0008] Step S3: Select at least one tooth surface structure from the tooth surface structure function library according to the design requirements and combine them, and adjust the geometric features of each tooth surface structure to obtain the design result.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the rock characteristics of the target formation include depth, temperature and pressure environment, drill resistance, and homogeneity; the target working condition includes, but is not limited to, rock-breaking working conditions, and the driving tools applied to the specific rock-breaking working conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the rock characteristics of the target stratum and the design requirements determined by the target working conditions, the geometric features of at least one of the tooth surface structures are adjusted.

[0011] Furthermore, after considering the overall dimensions of the irregular tooth, the dimensional characteristics of each tooth surface structure are adjusted so that the various tooth surface structures can be combined at the geometric dimension level to obtain the design result.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the tooth surface structure function library includes a cutting structure configured to cut into the rock, a dispersion structure for cleaning the tooth surface and improving cutting ability, a heat dissipation structure for increasing the flow of drilling fluid, and a stabilizing structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the cutting structure is a top cone protruding from the tooth surface, and the heat dissipation structure is a side fan-shaped surface disposed next to the top cone. The top cone and the side fan-shaped surface together form a conical structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the side fan extends in an inclined plane and converges at the top cone, so that the top cone and the side fan smoothly transition directly from the inclined plane to the convex arc surface at the connection point.

[0015] Furthermore, the top of the side fan surface intersects with the top cone portion, and the side fan surface extends from its outer peripheral end toward the top cone portion with an inwardly concave arc surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the dispersion structure is an inclined surface with a tilted surface disposed on the tooth wall, and the edge of the inclined surface is connected to the edge of the side fan surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the stabilizing structure is a rounded corner portion located at the intersection of the tooth surface and the tooth wall, and the central angle of the rounded corner portion is 90°.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a design method for irregularly shaped teeth, comprising the following steps: establishing a basic tooth surface structure function library; determining design requirements based on the rock characteristics of the target stratum and the target working conditions; selecting at least one tooth surface structure from the tooth surface structure function library according to the design requirements and combining them; and adjusting each of the tooth surface structures to obtain the design result. This makes the design of irregularly shaped teeth more streamlined and customized, thereby improving design efficiency and ensuring that the design results better meet design requirements. Furthermore, this invention creatively divides the tooth surface structure of irregularly shaped teeth into cutting structures, dispersion structures, heat dissipation structures, and stabilizing structures according to function, clarifying the role of each part of the irregularly shaped tooth in the rock-breaking process. This effectively improves design efficiency, enabling the designed irregularly shaped teeth to better meet the requirements of the geological environment and working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a design method for irregular teeth.

[0021] Figure 2 The diagram shows a flowchart of a design method for irregular teeth.

[0022] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a non-standard tooth (blunt chisel tooth).

[0023] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of another type of non-standard tooth (hyperbolic tooth).

[0024] In the figure, the following labels are used: 10, top cone; 20, side fan; 30, beveled part; 40, rounded corner. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This drawing is a simplified schematic diagram, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only shows the components relevant to the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a design method for irregular teeth, which includes the following steps.

[0027] In step S1, a basic tooth surface structure function library is established.

[0028] In some implementations, the basic tooth surface structure is determined based on the role of each part of the profiled tooth in breaking rock at the bottom of the well. The tooth surface structure functional library includes cutting structures, dispersion structures, heat dissipation structures, and stabilizing structures. The cutting structure is a protruding structure on the tooth surface, used to cut into the interior of the rock from its surface during the process of the profiled tooth breaking rock at the bottom of the well. The dispersion structure is a recessed structure on the tooth wall of the profiled tooth, used to guide drilling fluid to expel rock cuttings and clean the tooth surface during the process of the profiled tooth breaking rock at the bottom of the well. Furthermore, the dispersion structure can also reduce the contact area between the profiled tooth and the rock, thereby improving the ability of the profiled tooth to cut into the rock to a certain extent.

[0029] The heat dissipation structure is a recessed structure on the tooth surface of the irregular-shaped tooth, used to increase the flow distance of the drilling fluid and the contact area between the irregular-shaped tooth and the drilling fluid, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the irregular-shaped tooth. The stabilizing structure is an inclined surface between the tooth surface and the wall surface of the irregular-shaped tooth, used to improve the stability and wear resistance of the irregular-shaped tooth, thereby improving the reliability of the irregular-shaped tooth. In some embodiments, the chamfered surface between the tooth surface and the wall surface of a conventional cutting tooth also belongs to the stabilizing structure.

[0030] In step S2, design requirements are determined based on the rock characteristics of the target strata and the target working conditions.

[0031] The rock characteristics of the target formation include depth, temperature and pressure environment, drill resistance, and homogeneity. Since drilling typically employs specific drive tools and drill bits with irregularly shaped teeth to achieve drilling through impact or rotary cutting, the target working conditions include, but are not limited to, rock-breaking conditions, and drive tools applied to specific rock-breaking conditions. The rock-breaking conditions include impact conditions and rotary cutting conditions.

[0032] In step S3, at least one tooth surface structure is selected from the tooth surface structure function library according to the design requirements and combined, and the geometric features of each tooth surface structure are adjusted to obtain the design result.

[0033] In some implementations, based on design requirements determined after comprehensively considering the rock characteristics of the target stratum and the target working conditions, the geometric features of at least one of the tooth surface structures are adjusted so that the performance of the irregular tooth can focus more on one or more of the following performances: cutting performance, heat dissipation performance, dispersion performance, and stability performance, while meeting the basic requirements.

[0034] In some implementations, after considering the overall size of the irregular tooth, the size of each tooth surface structure is adjusted so that the various tooth surface structures can be combined at the geometric level to finally form a complete irregular tooth, thereby obtaining the design result.

[0035] The design method for irregular teeth described above will be explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] In step S101, a basic tooth surface structure function library is established, including the cutting structure, the dispersion structure, the heat dissipation structure, and the stabilization structure.

[0038] Please participate Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an irregular tooth. Figure 3The top cone portion 10 is the cutting structure, the side fan surface 20 is the heat dissipation structure, the inclined portion 30 is the dispersion structure, and the rounded corner portion 40 is the stabilizing structure.

[0039] In step S102, since the rock in the target stratum is at a depth greater than 5000m, the ambient temperature is greater than 100℃, and the pressure is greater than 150MPa, and the rock in the target stratum is hard and heterogeneous, it is suitable to use an impact drilling method. Therefore, the rock-breaking condition in the target working condition can be determined as an impact condition, and the driving tool can output impact power to the drill bit equipped with the special-shaped teeth.

[0040] In some embodiments, the side fan surfaces 20 extend in an inclined plane and converge at the top cone 10, so that the top cone 10 and the side fan surfaces 20 smoothly transition from the inclined plane to the convex arc surface at the connection point, thus making the cutting structure a relatively gentle conical structure. This allows the profiled teeth to have more outstanding impact resistance during drilling into hard formations, avoiding damage or chipping of the profiled teeth, improving rock breaking efficiency, and reducing drilling costs. Since the two side fan surfaces 20 and the top cone 10 combine to form a cone-like structure, the profiled teeth can cut into the rock more easily, reducing the cutting force required to cut into the rock. During the cutting process, the two side fan surfaces 20 can avoid generating concentrated stress at the top cone 10.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the radius of curvature of the top cone 10 is 3 mm, the central angle is 30°-50°, and the length of the top cone 103 is 4-8 mm. The top cone 10 has a large radius of curvature, which can avoid impact damage. It should be noted that when the irregular tooth is used in a heterogeneous layer (such as a gravel layer), the angle of the central angle of the top cone 10 should be relatively large.

[0042] In some embodiments, the edge of the inclined surface 30 is connected to the edge of the side fan 20. The rock chips generated during impact rock breaking can be discharged more smoothly via the inclined plane of the side fan 20 and the inclined surface 30, thereby improving the chip removal capability of the profiled tooth.

[0043] In some embodiments, the radius of the rounded corner 40 for resisting impact and wear is 0.1 mm, and the central angle is 90°.

[0044] In step S103, after adjusting the geometric features of the cutting structure according to the design requirements, the selected tooth surface structures can be combined at the geometric dimension level to obtain the design result.

[0045] In some embodiments, the dimensions of the side fan 20 and the bevel portion 30 are adaptively adjusted so that the side fan 20 and the bevel portion 30 can be combined with the top cone portion 10 and the rounded corner portion 40 at the dimensional level to obtain the final tooth profile. The irregularly shaped teeth manufactured according to this tooth profile are blunt chisel teeth with high impact resistance. Compared to conventional cutting teeth, these blunt chisel teeth can increase the depth of percussion drilling by 32%, thereby improving the drilling speed of percussion drilling.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] In step S201, a basic tooth surface structure function library is established, including the cutting structure, the dispersion structure, the heat dissipation structure, and the stabilization structure.

[0048] Please participate Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of another type of non-standard tooth. Figure 4 The top cone portion 10 is the cutting structure, the side fan 20 is the heat dissipation structure, the inclined portion 30 is the dispersion structure, and the rounded corner portion 40 is the stabilizing structure.

[0049] In step S202, since the rock in the target stratum is at a depth greater than 5000m, the ambient temperature is greater than 100℃, and the pressure is greater than 150MPa, and the rock in the target stratum is hard but homogeneous, rotary cutting is suitable for drilling. Therefore, the rock-breaking condition in the target working condition can be determined to be a rotary cutting condition, and the drive tool can output rotational power to the drill bit equipped with the special-shaped teeth.

[0050] In some embodiments, the top of the side fan 20 intersects with the top cone 10, and the side fan 20 extends from its outer peripheral end toward the concave arc surface of the top cone 10. On one hand, the side fan 20 extends toward the concave arc surface and intersects with the top cone 10, and the connection between the top cone 10 and the side fan 20 is a concave arc surface, thus making the cutting structure of the profiled tooth a convex and sharp conical structure. Therefore, the profiled tooth in this embodiment has more outstanding cutting performance in hard formations. At the same time, it can also effectively reduce the cutting force required for the profiled tooth to cut into the rock. On the other hand, since the side fan 20 adopts a concave arc surface, the movement path of the drilling fluid is increased, the heat dissipation of the tooth surface is increased, and the tooth surface temperature is reduced, thereby effectively dispersing the high temperature generated by friction of rock cuttings on the tooth surface during rock breaking, and improving the temperature resistance of the profiled tooth.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the radius of curvature of the top cone 10 is 0.35-1 mm, the central angle is 35°-45°, and the length of the top cone 10 is 2-8 mm. The radius of curvature of the side fan 20 is 9 mm, and the central angle is 50°.

[0052] In some embodiments, the edge of the beveled surface 30 is connected to the edge of the side fan surface 20. During the rotary cutting and rock breaking process, the generated rock chips can be discharged more smoothly through the concave arc surface of the side fan surface 20 and the beveled surface 30 with its inclined surface, thereby improving the chip removal capacity of the profiled tooth.

[0053] In some embodiments, the radius of the rounded corner 40 for resisting impact and wear is 0.2 mm, and the central angle is 90°.

[0054] In step S203, after adjusting the geometric features of the cutting structure according to the design requirements, the selected tooth surface structures can be combined at the geometric dimension level to obtain the design result.

[0055] In some embodiments, the dimensions of the side fan 20 and the bevel portion 30 are adaptively adjusted so that the side fan 20 and the bevel portion 30 can be combined with the top cone portion 10 and the rounded corner portion 40 at the dimensional level to obtain the final tooth profile. The special-shaped tooth manufactured according to this tooth profile is a hyperbolic tooth with high cutting performance. Compared with conventional cutting teeth, the hyperbolic tooth increases the cutting force on the underlying rock by 115.87% and the depth of rotary cutting drilling by 176%, thereby improving the drilling speed of rotary cutting drilling.

[0056] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front and back", "left and right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0058] Although the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A design method for a profile tooth, comprising the steps of, Step S1: establishing a basic tooth surface structure function library; Step S2: determining design requirements based on rock properties of a target formation and target working conditions; Step S3: selecting at least one tooth surface structure from the tooth surface structure function library according to the design requirements, combining the tooth surface structures, and adjusting geometric characteristics of the tooth surface structures to obtain a design result.

2. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S2, the rock properties of the target formation include depth, temperature and pressure environment, drilling resistance, and homogeneity, and the target working conditions include but are not limited to rock breaking working conditions and driving tools applied to specific rock breaking working conditions.

3. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 2, characterized in that, The geometric characteristics of at least one of the tooth surface structures are adjusted based on the design requirements determined based on the rock properties of the target formation and the target working conditions.

4. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 3, characterized in that, After considering the overall size of the profile tooth, the size characteristics of each tooth surface structure are adjusted so that each tooth surface structure can be combined in terms of geometric size to obtain the design result.

5. The design method for intermeshing teeth according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, In the step S1, the tooth surface structure function library includes a cutting structure configured to cut into rock, a dispersing structure for cleaning the tooth surface and improving cutting ability, a heat dissipation structure for increasing the flow of drilling fluid, and a stabilizing structure.

6. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cutting structure is a top cone portion (10) protruding on the tooth surface, and the heat dissipation structure is a side fan surface (20) disposed beside the top cone portion (10), and the top cone portion (10) and the side fan surface (20) together form a conical structure.

7. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 6, characterized in that, The side fan surface (20) extends in an inclined plane and meets the top cone portion (10), so that the top cone portion (10) and the side fan surface (20) are directly and smoothly transitioned from an inclined plane to a convex arc surface at the connection.

8. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top end of the side fan surface (20) meets the top cone portion (10), and the side fan surface (20) extends from its outer peripheral end to an arc surface concave inwardly of the top cone portion (10).

9. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dispersing structure is a bevel portion (30) disposed on the tooth wall and having an inclined surface, and the edge of the bevel portion (30) is connected to the edge of the side fan surface (20).

10. The design method for profiled teeth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stabilizing structure is a round corner portion (40) disposed at the intersection of the tooth surface and the tooth wall, and the central angle of the round corner portion (40) is 90°.

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