Rotor capable of switching between brush and brushless

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotor capable of being switched between a brush and a brushless, relates to the technical field of generator rotors, and aims to solve the problems of complex rotor switching operation, low safety, poor structural stability and low adaptability in the prior art, the following scheme is provided: the rotor comprises a connecting shaft, and a host rotor is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting shaft; a first connecting piece is fixed between one end of the main machine rotor and the rod wall of the connecting shaft, and a rotating rectifier fixedly installed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft is arranged on the side, away from the main machine rotor, of the first connecting piece. Switching is convenient and safe, continuous power supply is guaranteed, the problems that traditional rotor switching is complex and low in safety are solved through an integrated connection structure and reverse connection prevention protection design, parts do not need to be disassembled, mode switching can be completed only by disconnecting / connecting an external power source and switching excitation output, the operation efficiency is improved, and the operation cost is reduced. The unidirectional conduction characteristic of the diode can effectively prevent reverse connection of an external power supply and avoid burnout of a rotor coil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of generator rotor technology, and more particularly to a rotor that can switch between brushed and brushless operation. Background Technology

[0002] The brushless / brushless switchable rotor is the core rotating component of a synchronous generator. Its core function is to provide a stable excitation magnetic field to the generator by selectively connecting to either a brushed or brushless power supply circuit, thereby achieving efficient energy conversion. In brushless mode, a rotating rectifier converts the three-phase AC power generated by the exciter rotor into DC power to excite the main rotor. In brushed mode, power is supplied to the main rotor via an external power source through slip rings and carbon brush assemblies. This rotor is widely used in fields with extremely high requirements for power supply reliability, such as nuclear power generators and emergency backup generators. It can flexibly switch operating modes according to grid demand and equipment maintenance status, making it a key structure for improving the generator's applicability and fault tolerance. However, existing rotors with switchable operating modes have significant shortcomings in practical applications.

[0003] On the one hand, the switching operation is complicated and has low safety. Switching between brushed and brushless modes of traditional rotors requires disassembling some components (such as end covers and protective covers), which is cumbersome. Furthermore, it lacks a reverse connection protection structure. If the positive and negative poles of the external power supply are reversed, the rotor coils are easily burned out, causing the generator to shut down for maintenance and affecting the continuity of power supply.

[0004] On the other hand, the structure has poor stability and low adaptability. The slip rings and connecting shafts of traditional rotors are mostly clearance fits, which are prone to radial runout when rotating at high speed, leading to increased carbon brush wear. At the same time, the connection between the excitation circuit and the main rotor relies on a single wire, which is prone to poor contact due to vibration during long-term operation, affecting excitation efficiency. Moreover, it is only compatible with generators of specific power and cannot meet the usage requirements of different power levels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a rotor that can switch between brushed and brushless operation, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and effectively solves the problems of complex rotor switching operation, low safety, poor structural stability and low adaptability in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A brushless / brushless switchable rotor includes a connecting shaft. A main rotor is mounted and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft. A first connecting piece is fixed between one end of the main rotor and the shaft wall. A rotating rectifier mounted and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft is disposed on the side of the first connecting piece away from the main rotor. An exciter rotor mounted and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft is disposed on one side of the rotating rectifier. A slip ring is connected to the tail end of the outer wall of the connecting shaft. A second connecting piece is fixed to the tail end of the connecting shaft. A copper connector is fixed to one side of the second connecting piece. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulated wire is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the copper connector. A carbon brush is mounted on the tail end of the connecting shaft. A cable is fixed to one end of the carbon brush. A diode is connected to one end of the cable. A first copper busbar and a second copper busbar distributed vertically are disposed on one side of the diode.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer wall of the connecting shaft is provided with a mounting groove adapted to the main rotor, rotary rectifier, and exciter rotor, and the inner wall of the mounting groove is provided with a keyway. The main rotor, rotary rectifier, and exciter rotor are all fixedly connected to the connecting shaft by a flat key.

[0008] The connecting shaft is made of 40CrNiMoA alloy structural steel and is heat-treated. The clearance between the mounting groove and the component is ≤0.02mm, and the surface roughness Ra of the flat key is ≤0.8μm. This ensures that all components rotate synchronously with the connecting shaft without relative slippage, thus improving structural stability.

[0009] Furthermore, both the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are made of copper, and the two ends of the first connecting piece are respectively connected to the wiring terminal of the main rotor and the output terminal of the rotary rectifier by bolts, and the two ends of the second connecting piece are respectively connected to the wiring terminal of the slip ring and the copper connector by bolts.

[0010] The connecting piece is 3mm thick and silver-plated to reduce contact resistance; the bolts are M6×12mm stainless steel bolts with a tightening torque of 15-20 N·m; spring washers are added to the bolt connections to prevent loosening due to vibration. Furthermore, the rotating rectifier includes a rectifier bridge module and a heat sink housing. The rectifier bridge module adopts a three-phase full-wave rectification structure. A thermally conductive silicone pad is provided between the heat sink housing and the connecting shaft. Heat sink fins are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the heat sink housing.

[0011] The rectifier bridge module uses silicon rectifier diodes with a withstand voltage of 1200V and a rated current of 200A. The heat sink fins are 10mm high and 5mm apart. The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive silicone pad is ≥2.0W / (m·K), ensuring that the temperature of the rotating rectifier is ≤85℃ during operation to avoid overheating damage. Furthermore, the slip ring includes an insulating substrate and three copper rings. The insulating substrate is made of epoxy resin, and the copper rings are embedded in the insulating substrate. The surface roughness Ra of the outer wall of the copper ring is ≤0.2μm. The slip ring and the connecting shaft are fixed by an interference fit with an interference amount of 0.02-0.03mm.

[0012] The insulation substrate has a temperature resistance of ≥150℃ and a breakdown voltage of ≥5kV; the copper ring width is 20mm and the spacing between adjacent copper rings is 10mm to ensure good contact between the carbon brush and the copper ring, prevent sparking, and reduce carbon brush wear.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the PTFE insulated wire is welded to a copper connector, and the other end is welded to the excitation winding terminal of the main rotor. The insulation layer of the PTFE insulated wire is 1.5mm thick and has a temperature resistance range of -200-260℃.

[0014] The weld joints are made using silver brazing, with a weld strength ≥50N; the insulated wires are selected with a cross-sectional area of ​​6mm². 2 The multi-strand copper core wire is flexible and can adapt to slight deformation when the connecting shaft rotates, thus avoiding the insulation layer from cracking. Furthermore, the diode is a unidirectional silicon diode, and the anode of the diode is connected to the carbon brush via a cable, the cathode is connected to the first copper busbar, the second copper busbar is connected to the other pole of the carbon brush via a cable, and the diode is covered with an insulating protective sleeve.

[0015] The diode has a rated current of 50A and a reverse withstand voltage of 1000V. The insulating protective sleeve is made of polyvinyl chloride and has a temperature resistance of ≥105℃. It can prevent the current from flowing into the rotor circuit in reverse when the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are reversed, thus playing a role in reverse connection protection. Furthermore, the carbon brush includes a carbon brush body and a brush holder, and the carbon brush body is made of metal graphite material. The brush holder is slidably connected to an external fixing bracket, and a compression spring is provided inside the brush holder. The pressure of the compression spring on the carbon brush body is 15-20N.

[0016] The carbon brush body resistivity is ≤50μΩ·m, and the wear rate is ≤0.1mm / 100h; the pressure spring is made of stainless steel with a stable elastic coefficient, ensuring that the carbon brush is always in close contact with the slip ring and that there is no interruption in power supply. Furthermore, both the first and second copper busbars are made of brass, with a thickness of 5mm and a width of 20mm. The first copper busbar is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply, and the second copper busbar is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. The surface of the copper busbars is coated with insulating varnish, which has a temperature resistance of ≥120℃.

[0017] The spacing between copper busbars is 30mm to avoid short circuits; the insulation varnish has a breakdown voltage of ≥2kV to ensure reliable insulation between copper busbars and between copper busbars and other components.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The switching is convenient and safe, ensuring continuous power supply. Through the integrated connection structure and reverse connection protection design, it solves the problems of complex and low safety of traditional rotor switching. There is no need to disassemble the components. The mode switching can be completed simply by disconnecting / connecting the external power supply and switching the excitation output, which improves the operating efficiency. The unidirectional conduction characteristic of the diode can effectively prevent the external power supply from being connected in reverse, avoiding the rotor coil burnout. At the same time, the optimized cooperation between the carbon brush and the slip ring reduces carbon brush wear, extends carbon brush life, and ensures continuous and stable power supply from the generator. With a stable structure and strong adaptability, it improves the poor stability and low adaptability of traditional rotors by relying on high-precision fit and low resistance connection structure. The high-precision fit between the connecting shaft and each component and the interference fixation of the slip ring, along with the low resistance connection design, ensure excitation efficiency, expand the power range of adaptability, and improve adaptability. The high-efficiency heat dissipation structure of the rotating rectifier and the temperature resistance characteristics of the PTFE insulated wire adapt to diverse working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a side view schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rotor capable of switching between brushed and brushless operation proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tail end of the overall structure of a rotor capable of switching between brushed and brushless operation, as proposed in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Connecting shaft; 2. Main rotor; 3. First connecting piece; 4. Rotary rectifier; 5. Exciter rotor; 6. Slip ring; 7. Second connecting piece; 8. Copper connector; 9. PTFE insulated wire; 10. Carbon brush; 11. Cable; 12. Diode; 13. First copper busbar; 14. Second copper busbar. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] Example: Reference Figure 1-2A brushless / brushless switchable rotor includes a connecting shaft. A main rotor is mounted and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft. A first connecting piece is fixed between one end of the main rotor and the rod wall of the connecting shaft. A rotating rectifier mounted and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft is disposed on the side of the first connecting piece away from the main rotor. An exciter rotor mounted and fixed on the outer wall of the connecting shaft is disposed on one side of the rotating rectifier. A slip ring is connected to the tail end of the outer wall of the connecting shaft. A second connecting piece is fixed to the tail end of the connecting shaft. A copper connector is fixed to one side of the second connecting piece. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulated wire is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the copper connector. A carbon brush is installed at the tail end of the connecting shaft. A cable is fixed to one end of the carbon brush. A diode is connected to one end of the cable. A first copper busbar and a second copper busbar distributed vertically are disposed on one side of the diode.

[0023] The outer wall of the connecting shaft has mounting slots adapted to the main rotor, rotary rectifier, and exciter rotor. Keyways are provided on the inner wall of the mounting slots. The main rotor, rotary rectifier, and exciter rotor are all fixedly connected to the connecting shaft via flat keys. The connecting shaft is made of 40CrNiMoA alloy structural steel, heat-treated, with a fit clearance between the mounting slots and components ≤0.02mm, and a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm for the flat keys, ensuring synchronous rotation of all components with the connecting shaft without relative slippage, thus improving structural stability. Both the first and second connecting plates are made of copper. The two ends of the first connecting plate are respectively connected to the main rotor... The terminals of the first connecting piece and the output terminal of the rotary rectifier are connected by bolts. The two ends of the second connecting piece are connected to the terminals of the slip ring and the copper connector by bolts, respectively. The connecting piece is 3mm thick and silver-plated to reduce contact resistance. M6×12mm stainless steel bolts are used, with a tightening torque of 15-20 N·m. Spring washers are added at the bolt connections to prevent loosening due to vibration. The rotary rectifier includes a rectifier bridge module and a heat sink. The rectifier bridge module adopts a three-phase full-wave rectification structure. A thermally conductive silicone pad is placed between the heat sink and the connecting shaft. The outer wall of the heat sink has heat dissipation fins that are evenly distributed.

[0024] The rectifier bridge module uses silicon rectifier diodes with a withstand voltage of 1200V and a rated current of 200A. The heat sink fins are 10mm high and 5mm apart. The thermally conductive silicone pad has a thermal conductivity ≥2.0W / (m·K) to ensure that the temperature of the rotating rectifier is ≤85℃ during operation, avoiding overheating damage. The slip ring consists of an insulating substrate and three copper rings. The insulating substrate is made of epoxy resin, and the copper rings are embedded in the insulating substrate. The surface roughness Ra of the outer wall of the copper ring is ≤0.2μm. The slip ring is fixed to the connecting shaft by an interference fit with an interference amount of 0.02- 0.03mm thick, insulation substrate temperature resistance ≥150℃, breakdown voltage ≥5kV; copper ring width 20mm, adjacent copper ring spacing 10mm, ensuring good contact between carbon brush and copper ring, no spark generation, reducing carbon brush wear; one end of PTFE insulated wire is welded to the copper connector, and the other end is welded to the excitation winding terminal of the main rotor; PTFE insulation layer thickness 1.5mm, temperature resistance range -200-260℃, silver brazing process is used at the weld joint, weld strength ≥50N; the insulated wire cross-sectional area is 6mm². 2 The multi-strand copper core wire is flexible and can adapt to slight deformation when the connecting shaft rotates, thus avoiding the insulation layer from cracking.

[0025] The diode is a unidirectional silicon diode. The anode is connected to the carbon brush via a cable, and the cathode is connected to the first copper busbar. The second copper busbar is connected to the other end of the carbon brush via a cable. An insulating protective sleeve is fitted around the diode. The diode has a rated current of 50A and a reverse withstand voltage of 1000V. The insulating protective sleeve is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and has a temperature resistance of ≥105℃. It prevents reverse current from flowing into the rotor circuit when the external power supply polarity is reversed, providing reverse connection protection. The carbon brush includes a brush body and a brush holder. The brush body is made of graphite metal, and the brush holder is slidably connected to an external mounting bracket. A compression spring is installed inside the brush holder, which applies pressure to the carbon brush body. The pressure is 15-20N, the resistivity of the carbon brush body is ≤50μΩ·m, and the wear rate is ≤0.1mm / 100h. The pressure spring is made of stainless steel with a stable elastic coefficient, ensuring that the carbon brush is always in close contact with the slip ring for uninterrupted power supply. The first and second copper busbars are both made of brass with a thickness of 5mm and a width of 20mm. The first copper busbar is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply, and the second copper busbar is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply. The surface of the copper busbars is coated with insulating varnish with a temperature resistance of ≥120℃. The spacing between the copper busbars is 30mm to avoid short circuits. The breakdown voltage of the insulating varnish is ≥2kV to ensure reliable insulation between copper busbars and between copper busbars and other components.

[0026] For the installation of the connecting shaft and core components: The connecting shaft 1 is made of 40CrNiMoA alloy structural steel, with a diameter of 50mm and a length of 500mm. The surface is precision ground, and mounting grooves and keyways are machined along the axis. The main rotor 2 is made of 0.35mm thick silicon steel sheets stacked together. The excitation winding uses enameled copper wire. After winding, it is fixed to the connecting shaft 1 by a flat key. The two ends of the main rotor 2 are pressed with pressure rings. Thermal conductive silicone pads are applied between the heat dissipation shell of the rotary rectifier 4 and the connecting shaft 1. It is fixed to the connecting shaft 1 by bolts to ensure that the heat dissipation shell and the connecting shaft 1 fit tightly and improve heat dissipation efficiency. The structure of the exciter rotor 5 is similar to that of the main rotor 2. It is fixed in the corresponding mounting groove of the connecting shaft 1 by a flat key and connected to the input end of the rotary rectifier 4 by a wire.

[0027] For the installation of slip rings and connecting components: The insulating substrate of slip ring 6 is made of epoxy resin molding. Three copper rings are embedded in the insulating substrate. The surface of the copper rings is precision machined and polished. Slip ring 6 and connecting shaft 1 are installed with an interference fit. Before installation, slip ring 6 is heated to 120°C and quickly fitted onto the tail end of connecting shaft 1. After cooling, it is firmly fixed. The interference fit is controlled at 0.025mm. The second connecting piece 7 is fixed to the copper ring of slip ring 6 with M5 bolts. The copper connector 8 is fixed to the second connecting piece 7 with bolts. One end of the polytetrafluoroethylene insulated wire 9 is silver brazed to the copper connector 8, and the other end is silver brazed to the excitation winding terminal of the main rotor 2. The welded joint is wrapped with insulating tape for protection.

[0028] For carbon brush and electrical circuit installation: The brush holder of carbon brush 10 is fixed to an external stationary component by a bracket. A pressure spring and the carbon brush body are installed inside the brush holder. The compression of the pressure spring is adjusted to 5mm to ensure a pressure of 18N on the carbon brush body. Cable 11 is selected with a cross-sectional area of ​​4mm². 2 The copper core cable is crimped and fixed at one end to the terminal of the carbon brush body, and crimped at the other end to the anode of the diode 12. The cathode of the diode 12 is connected to the first copper busbar 13 by bolts, and the second copper busbar 14 is connected to the other pole cable of the carbon brush 10. The first copper busbar 13 and the second copper busbar 14 are fixed on the insulating bracket, and the surface is sprayed with insulating paint. The insulating bracket is installed on the generator end cover to ensure that the copper busbar is insulated from other metal parts.

[0029] For overall debugging and testing: After installation, perform dynamic balancing test, the dynamic balancing accuracy of connecting shaft 1 must reach G2.5 level; perform insulation performance test, the insulation resistance between each component ≥100MΩ; simulate brushed and brushless mode switching, test the stability of excitation current during the switching process, and at the same time test the protection function of diode 12 when the external power supply is reversed to ensure that no reverse current flows into the rotor circuit.

[0030] Working principle: Brushless operation mode: When the generator needs to run in brushless mode, first turn off the external power supply, disconnect the external power supply connection between the first copper busbar 13 and the second copper busbar 14, connect the excitation output terminal of the generator to the input terminal of the exciter rotor 5, start the generator, and the connecting shaft 1 drives the main rotor 2, the rotating rectifier 4, and the exciter rotor 5 to rotate synchronously. The exciter rotor 5 cuts the magnetic field lines in the magnetic field generated by the stator winding to generate three-phase AC power. The three-phase AC power is input to the rotating rectifier 4 and converted into DC power through the rectifier bridge module. The DC power is transmitted to the excitation winding of the main rotor 2 through the first connecting piece 3, so that the main rotor 2 generates a constant magnetic field. When the main rotor 2 rotates, its magnetic field cuts the generator stator winding to generate an induced electromotive force, realize the output of electrical energy, and complete the energy conversion in brushless operation mode.

[0031] Brushed operation mode: When the generator needs to run with brushes, first disconnect the generator excitation output terminal from the exciter rotor 5, stop the power supply to the exciter rotor 5, connect the positive terminal of the external power supply to the first copper busbar 13, and the negative terminal to the second copper busbar 14. The external power supply is transmitted to one pole of the carbon brush 10 through the second copper busbar 14 and the cable 11, and at the same time, it is transmitted to the other pole of the carbon brush 10 through the first copper busbar 13, the diode 12, and the cable 11. The diode 12 prevents the external power supply from being reversed, ensuring that the current flows in one direction. The carbon brush 10 is in close contact with the copper ring of the slip ring 6, transmitting the DC power of the external power supply to the slip ring 6. The slip ring 6 rotates with the connecting shaft 1, and transmits the current to the copper connector 8 through the second connecting piece 7, and then to the excitation winding of the main rotor 2 through the polytetrafluoroethylene insulated wire 9, so that the main rotor 2 generates a magnetic field. The connecting shaft 1 drives the main rotor 2 to rotate, and the magnetic field cuts the stator winding to generate electrical energy, realizing the power supply in the brushed operation mode.

[0032] Mode switching process: When switching from brushless mode to brushed mode, first reduce the generator load to no-load state, disconnect the generator excitation output from the exciter rotor 5, and stop the brushless excitation circuit; then connect the external power supply to the first copper busbar 13 and the second copper busbar 14, confirm that the diode 12 is connected in the correct direction, and slowly increase the external power supply voltage so that the excitation current of the main rotor 2 reaches the rated value, thus completing the switching. When switching from brushed mode to brushless mode, similarly, first reduce the load to no-load, disconnect the external power supply, connect the generator excitation output to the exciter rotor 5, start the exciter rotor 5 to supply power, and after the rotating rectifier 4 outputs stable DC power, the switching is completed. The entire switching process does not require machine shutdown, ensuring continuous power supply.

[0033] Fault protection mechanism: In brushed operation mode, if the positive and negative terminals of the external power supply are reversed, diode 12 is in reverse cutoff state, preventing reverse current from flowing into carbon brush 10 and rotor circuit, thus avoiding burnout of the excitation winding of the main rotor 2; if carbon brush 10 is worn and causes poor contact, the pressure spring in the brush holder will push carbon brush 10 to continuously contact slip ring 6 to ensure stable current transmission; in brushless operation mode, if the rectifier is rotated.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A brush switchable brushless rotor comprising a connecting shaft (1), characterized in that, The outer wall of the connecting shaft (1) is fixedly provided with a main rotor (2), and a first connecting plate (3) is fixed between one end of the main rotor (2) and the rod wall of the connecting shaft (1); the side of the first connecting plate (3) away from the main rotor (2) is provided with a rotating rectifier (4) fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the connecting shaft (1); one side of the rotating rectifier (4) is provided with an exciter rotor (5) fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the connecting shaft (1); the tail end of the outer wall of the connecting shaft (1) is connected with a slip ring (6), and the tail end of the connecting shaft (1) is fixedly provided with a second connecting plate (7); one side of the second connecting plate (7) is fixedly provided with a copper joint (8); the outer wall of the copper joint (8) is welded with a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating wire (9); the tail end of the connecting shaft (1) is provided with a carbon brush (10), and one end of the carbon brush (10) is fixedly provided with a cable (11); one end of the cable (11) is connected with a diode (12); one side of the diode (12) is provided with a first copper bar (13) and a second copper bar (14) arranged in an up-down distribution.

2. A brushable brushless switchable rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the connecting shaft (1) is provided with an installation groove matched with the main rotor (2), the rotating rectifier (4) and the exciter rotor (5); the inner wall of the installation groove is provided with a key groove; the main rotor (2), the rotating rectifier (4) and the exciter rotor (5) are fixedly connected with the connecting shaft (1) through a flat key.

3. A brushable brushless switchable rotor according to claim 1, wherein, The first connecting plate (3) and the second connecting plate (7) are made of red copper; the two ends of the first connecting plate (3) are connected with the wiring end of the main rotor (2) and the output end of the rotating rectifier (4) through bolts respectively; the two ends of the second connecting plate (7) are connected with the wiring end of the slip ring (6) and the copper joint (8) through bolts respectively.

4. A brushable brushless switchable rotor according to claim 1, wherein, The rotating rectifier (4) comprises a rectifier bridge module and a heat dissipation shell; the rectifier bridge module adopts a three-phase full-wave rectification structure; a heat-conducting silica gel pad is arranged between the heat dissipation shell and the connecting shaft (1); the outer wall of the heat dissipation shell is provided with heat dissipation fins arranged at equal distances.

5. A brushable brushless switchable rotor according to claim 1, wherein, The slip ring (6) comprises an insulating base and three copper rings; the insulating base is made of epoxy resin; the copper rings are embedded in the insulating base; the surface roughness of the outer wall of the copper ring is Ra≤0.2μm; the slip ring (6) is fixed with the connecting shaft (1) through interference fit.

6. A brushable brushless switchable rotor according to claim 1, wherein, One end of the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating wire (9) is welded with the copper joint (8), and the other end is welded with the excitation winding wiring end of the main rotor (2); the thickness of the insulating layer of the polytetrafluoroethylene insulating wire (9) is 1.5mm; the temperature resistance range is -200-260℃.

7. A brush-commutated and brushless commutated switchable rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diode (12) adopts a unidirectional conduction type silicon diode; the anode of the diode (12) is connected with the carbon brush (10) through the cable (11); the cathode is connected with the first copper bar (13); the second copper bar (14) is connected with the other pole of the carbon brush (10) through the cable (11); the diode (12) is externally sleeved with an insulating protective sleeve.

8. A brush-commutated and brushless commutated switchable rotor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon brush (10) comprises a carbon brush body and a brush holder; the carbon brush body is made of metal graphite; the brush holder is slidingly connected with an external fixed support; a compression spring is arranged in the brush holder; the pressure of the compression spring on the carbon brush body is 15-20N.

9. A brush-commutated and brushless commutated switchable rotor according to claim 1, wherein, The first copper bar (13) and the second copper bar (14) are made of brass, and the thickness is 5 mm and the width is 20 mm; the first copper bar (13) is connected with the positive pole of the external power supply, the second copper bar (14) is connected with the negative pole of the external power supply, and the surface of the copper bar is sprayed with insulating paint, and the temperature resistance of the insulating paint is greater than or equal to 120 DEG C.

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