Device for delivering volatile substances

Abstract

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for delivering a volatile substance, the apparatus comprising a delivery engine comprising: a. A reservoir containing a volatile substance; and b. A microporous membrane enclosing the reservoir, where the microporous membrane has a volume average pore size of from 0.065 m to 0.15 m.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivering a volatile material, in particular to an apparatus for delivering a volatile material to an environment within an enclosed space, such as a room or a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is generally known to use a device to evaporate a volatile material into a space, in particular a domestic space, in order to achieve a variety of benefits such as air freshening or air fragrancing. Non-electrified systems, for example systems not powered by electrical energy, are a common way of delivering a volatile material to the atmosphere.

[0003] These systems can be classified as systems requiring human actuation, such as aerosols, and systems not requiring human actuation, such as wick-based systems and gels. The first type delivers a volatile material on demand and the second type delivers a volatile material in a more continuous manner.

[0004] A variation of the second type of system includes membrane-based systems, such as those disclosed in PCT Patent Publication WO 2010 / 120960 Al. Although such systems have achieved significant commercial success, there remains potential for improvement. For example, a significant amount of low volatile material can remain trapped on or within the membrane and it is therefore desirable to improve the efficiency of release of the volatile material, for example a fragrance. Furthermore, it can be difficult for a consumer to accurately determine when an existing membrane-based product has reached the end of its life cycle, which can lead to consumer dissatisfaction.

[0005] There is a need for a membrane-based apparatus for delivering a volatile material which addresses at least some of the disadvantages associated with the prior art. There is also a need for a membrane-based apparatus having improved fragrance release characteristics. SUMMARY

[0006] The present invention addresses one or more of the disadvantages associated with the prior art. By providing an apparatus comprising a membrane having a volume average pore size of 0.065 pm to 0.15 pm, it has surprisingly been found that the following advantages are obtained.

[0007] Firstly, the membrane enables more efficient use of the fragrance provided in the apparatus, with less volatile material being trapped on the membrane at the end of the life cycle of the product. This improvement can also advantageously enable the membrane to have a significantly different appearance when wetted with the volatile material than when dry, whether before activation or at the end of the life cycle of the product. This advantageously allows a consumer to easily determine whether the product has been correctly activated and whether the product needs replacing.

[0008] The membrane enables improved fragrance release, especially during the middle and end of the product's life cycle. Surprisingly, this benefit was achieved while maintaining the same total product life cycle.

[0009] When using membranes with a lower bulk density than existing membranes, the membranes can also be sealed at lower temperatures, thereby improving ease of manufacturing and reducing costs.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention provides the following.

[0011] 1. An apparatus for conveying a volatile substance, the apparatus comprising a conveying engine, the conveying engine comprising:

[0012] a. A storage container that holds volatile substances; and

[0013] b. A microporous membrane that seals the reservoir.

[0014] The microporous membrane has a volume average pore size of 0.065µm to 0.15µm.

[0015] 2. The apparatus according to Clause 1, wherein the conveying engine further comprises:

[0016] c. A fractured substrate, said fractured substrate being fixed to the reservoir; and

[0017] d. A fracture element, wherein the fracture element is positioned adjacent to the fractured substrate.

[0018] The microporous membrane thereunder encloses the fractured substrate and the fractured element.

[0019] 3. The device according to clause 1 or 2, wherein the microporous membrane has a 2cm diameter. 2 Up to 100cm 2 ,

[0020] Choose any 2cm 2 Up to 35cm 2 Surface area.

[0021] 4. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has a content of 45% to 70%,

[0022] Porosity can be optionally 45% to 60%.

[0023] 5. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has a diameter of 0.6 cm. 3 / g to 2cm 3 / g,

[0024] 0.65cm (optional) 3 / g to 1.6cm3 / g,

[0025] more optionally 0.7 cm 3 / g to 1.5 cm 3 / g.

[0026] 6. The apparatus of any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has a bulk density of 0.3 g / cm 3 to 0.8 g / cm 3 ,

[0027] optionally 0.35 g / cm 3 to 0.75 g / cm 3 ,

[0028] more optionally 0.4 g / cm 3 to 0.7 g / cm 3 .

[0029] 7. The apparatus of any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm,

[0030] optionally 0.22 mm to 0.37 mm,

[0031] more optionally 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm.

[0032] 8. The apparatus of any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has:

[0033] a porosity of 45% to 60%;

[0034] a total pore volume of 0.65 cm 3 / g to 1.5 cm 3 / g; and

[0035] a bulk density of 0.35 g / cm 3 to 0.75 g / cm 3 .

[0036] 9. The apparatus of any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane is not laminated.

[0037] 10. The apparatus of any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane comprises polyethylene,

[0038] optionally wherein the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).

[0039] 11. The apparatus of any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane:

[0040] comprises polyethylene;

[0041] has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm; and

[0042] is not laminated.

[0043] 12. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the reservoir contains a volatile material,

[0044] optionally wherein the volatile material has a vapor pressure of at least 8 Pa at 25 °C,

[0045] more optionally wherein the volatile material has a vapor pressure of at least 30 Pa at 25 °C.

[0046] 13. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein:

[0047] the delivery engine further comprises:

[0048] c. a rupturable substrate secured to the reservoir; and

[0049] d. a rupturing element positioned adjacent to the rupturable substrate,

[0050] the microporous membrane encloses the rupturable substrate and the rupturing element;

[0051] the reservoir contains a volatile material;

[0052] the device is configured such that activation of the rupturing element allows contact between the volatile material and the microporous membrane; and

[0053] the device is configured such that, following activation of the rupturing element, the device releases at least 80% by weight of the volatile material over a period of 8 weeks at a temperature of 25 °C.

[0054] 14. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has a first visible state when dry and a second visible state when wetted with a volatile material, and wherein the CIE 2000 AE value between the first visible state and the second visible state is greater than or equal to 5.

[0055] 15. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses, wherein the microporous membrane has a first visible state when dry and a second visible state when wetted with a volatile material, and wherein the difference between the light transmittance value of the first visible state and the light transmittance value of the second visible state, measured according to ISO 13468-2:2021, is greater than or equal to 25%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 A perspective view of an embodiment of a device according to the present application is shown.

[0057] Figure 2 An exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a delivery engine according to the present application is shown.

[0058] Figure 3 is a front perspective view of a volatile composition dispenser according to an embodiment.

[0059] Figure 4 is Figure 3 is a rear perspective view of a volatile composition dispenser shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present application provides a device for delivering a volatile material, the device comprising a delivery engine, the delivery engine comprising:

[0061] a. a reservoir containing a volatile material; and

[0062] b. a microporous membrane enclosing the reservoir,

[0063] wherein the microporous membrane has a volume average pore size of 0.065 pm to 0.15 pm.

[0064] As used herein, the word “comprising” can be interpreted as meaning that the features mentioned are required but other features are not precluded by necessity. Alternatively, the word “comprising” can also relate to a situation in which only the components / features listed are intended to be present (e.g., the word “comprising” can be replaced by the phrase “consisting of’ or “consisting essentially of”). It is expressly contemplated that both the broader interpretation and the narrower interpretation of the word “comprising” can apply to all aspects and embodiments of the present application. In other words, the word “comprising” and its synonyms can be replaced with the phrase “consisting of’ or the phrase “consisting essentially of’ or vice versa.

[0065] The phrase “consisting essentially of’ and its synonymous expressions can be interpreted herein to mean a substance in which there can be small amounts of impurities. For example, a substance can be greater than or equal to 90% pure, such as greater than 95% pure, such as greater than 97% pure, such as greater than 99% pure, such as greater than 99.9% pure, such as greater than 99.99% pure, such as greater than 99.999% pure, such as 100% pure. The term “substantially the same” when used herein is intended to mean substantially the same dimensions, but excluding variations caused by manufacturing tolerances. For example, the term can mean a dimensional variation of less than 5%, such as less than 2%, such as less than 1%, such as less than 0.5%, such as less than 0.05%, such as substantially uniform dimensions.

[0066] Preferably, the present application is directed to a non-powered device for delivering volatile material to the atmosphere in a continuous, non-powered manner. By “non-powered” it is meant that the device is passive and does not require power from an external energy source. In particular, the device does not require power from a heat source, a gas source, or an electrical current source, and the volatile material is not delivered by aerosol means. Further, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the” or “said” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, “a volatile material” can include more than one volatile material.

[0067] When the device of the present application is in a resting position (i.e., the device is not moving), the device delivers the volatile material in a substantially continuous manner. The emission level of the volatile material can exhibit a uniform intensity until substantially all of the volatile material is depleted. The continuous emission of the volatile material can continue for any suitable length of time, including but not limited to up to: 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, shorter or longer periods, or any period between 30 days and 90 days, such as about 8 weeks (56 days).

[0068] The device of the present application is suitable for use in providing the purposes of fragrances, air fresheners, deodorizers, odor eliminators, odor neutralizers, insecticides, insect repellents, pharmaceutical substances, disinfectants, cleaning agents, mood enhancers, and aromatherapy aids, or any other purpose using volatile materials for regulating, modifying, or otherwise altering the atmosphere or environment. For the purpose of illustrating the present application in detail, but not intending to limit the scope of the present application, the present application will be described with respect to an air freshening system for delivering a liquid containing fragrance raw materials.

[0069] The present application is based on the surprising finding that a device including a microporous membrane having a volume average pore size of 0.065 pm to 0.15 pm provides several advantages as discussed herein. The device can be, for example, of the type discussed in U.S. Patent No. 8,740,110 (US 8,740,110) or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20220047754 (US 2022 / 0047754), both of which are incorporated by reference herein. However, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the surprising advantages associated with the present application can be obtained using other devices, and the present application is not limited to devices of the type disclosed in US 8,740,110 or US 2022 / 0047754.

[0070] As discussed herein, the present application provides a device for delivering a volatile material. The device includes a delivery engine, which is understood to mean the portion of the device that is capable of delivering the volatile material to the surrounding atmosphere.

[0071] The delivery engine includes:

[0072] a. A storage container that holds volatile substances; and

[0073] b. A microporous membrane that encloses the reservoir, the microporous membrane having a volume-average pore size of 0.065 µm to 0.15 µm.

[0074] The reservoir contains volatile substances. A microporous membrane seals the reservoir, preventing volatile substances from escaping from the delivery engine without passing through the membrane. Because the microporous membrane prevents liquid from passing through, volatile substances can only escape from the delivery engine by passing through or evaporating from the membrane.

[0075] Microporous membrane

[0076] Microporous membranes are vapor-permeable and capable of wicking liquids while preventing free flow of liquids out of the membrane. Microporous membranes have a volume-average pore size of 0.065 µm to 0.15 µm. Using microporous membranes with such pore sizes provides several advantages as discussed herein and demonstrated in the following examples.

[0077] Unbound by theory, it is believed that microporous membranes with a volume average pore size of less than 0.065 µm will provide poorer fragrance release and will not offer the other advantages obtained by the present invention. It is also believed that microporous membranes with a higher volume average pore size may suffer from leakage and / or moisture exudation.

[0078] Microporous membranes are vapor-permeable and capable of wicking liquids while preventing free flow. Microporous membranes can exhibit limited selectivity, thus preventing the passage of fewer fragrance substances compared to conventional membranes. Selective membranes (such as conventional polyethylene) can inhibit the diffusion of high molecular weight volatiles and substances with low solubility in polyethylene. This can limit fragrance formulations, for example, in the air freshener field, where formulations with multiple volatile substances of varying volatility (e.g., top notes, middle notes, and base notes) are often desirable. For instance, some membranes can eliminate the diffusion of alcohols (such as linalool and dihydromyrceneol, widely used in fragrance applications).

[0079] Microporous membranes have a volume average pore size of 0.065 µm to 0.15 µm. Microporous membranes can also have a volume average pore size of 0.07 µm to 0.12 µm, such as 0.07 µm to 0.11 µm, or 0.08 µm to 0.1 µm.

[0080] Typically, microporous membranes have a pore size distribution such that at least 50% (such as at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%) of the pores have a pore size of 0.065µm to 0.15µm.

[0081] Microporous membranes may contain polyethylene (e.g., formed from polyethylene), such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), but polyethylene chains of other lengths may also be used. As used herein, UHMWPE refers to polyethylene with a molecular weight of approximately 3.5 million amu to 7.5 million amu.

[0082] The microporous membrane may have a thickness of about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm in the z-direction, alternatively between about 0.2 mm and about 0.4 mm, about 0.22 mm to about 0.37 mm, for example about 0.25 mm to about 0.35 mm.

[0083] This document explicitly anticipates that any endpoint of any range of the variable definitions disclosed herein can be combined with any other endpoint from any other range of the same variable definitions. Therefore, with respect to the thickness ranges discussed above, the following ranges are also explicitly anticipated, and it should be understood that the same principle can be applied to any other ranges disclosed herein for any other variable:

[0084] 0.01mm to 0.2mm, 0.01mm to 0.22mm, 0.01mm to 0.25mm, 0.01mm to 0.35mm, 0.01mm to 0.37mm, 0.01mm to 0.4mm, 0.01mm to 1mm;

[0085] 0.2mm to 0.22mm, 0.2mm to 0.25mm, 0.2mm to 0.35mm, 0.2mm to 0.37mm, 0.2mm to 0.4mm, 0.2mm to 1mm;

[0086] 0.22mm to 0.25mm, 0.22mm to 0.35mm, 0.22mm to 0.37mm, 0.22mm to 0.4mm, 0.22mm to 1mm;

[0087] 0.25mm to 0.35mm, 0.25mm to 0.37mm, 0.25mm to 0.4mm, 0.25mm to 1mm;

[0088] 0.35mm to 0.37mm, 0.35mm to 0.4mm, 0.35mm to 1mm;

[0089] 0.37mm to 0.4mm, 0.37mm to 1mm; and

[0090] 0.4mm to 1mm.

[0091] Microporous membranes can be formed from a single piece or a single sheet of material. In other words, microporous membranes can be unlaminated. Therefore, microporous membranes can be formed from a single sheet of polyethylene having the thickness described above.

[0092] Those skilled in the art will know that the surface area of ​​the microporous membrane can be varied depending on the size of the preferred delivery engine. In some embodiments, the (evaporation) surface area of ​​the microporous membrane can be from about 2 cm² to about 100 cm², alternatively from about 10 cm² to about 50 cm², alternatively from about 10 cm² to about 45 cm², alternatively from about 10 cm² to about 35 cm², alternatively from about 15 cm² to about 40 cm², alternatively from about 15 cm² to about 35 cm², alternatively from about 20 cm² to about 35 cm², alternatively from about 30 cm² to about 35 cm², and alternatively from about 35 cm².

[0093] Microporous membranes can have any suitable porosity. For example, based on volume, microporous membranes can have a porosity of 45% to 70%, such as 45% to 65%. In some embodiments of the invention, the porosity can be 50% to 70%, such as 55% to 65%.

[0094] Microporous membranes can have any suitable total pore volume, such as 0.6 cm³. 3 / g to 2cm 3 / g. Typically, the total pore volume can be 0.65 cm³. 3 / g to 1.6cm 3 / g, such as 0.7cm 3 / g to 1.5cm 3 / g. In some embodiments of the present invention, the total pore volume may be 0.8 cm³. 3 / g to 1.4cm 3 / g.

[0095] Microporous membranes can have any suitable bulk density, such as 0.3 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.8 g / cm 3 Typically, the bulk density can range from 0.35 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.75 g / cm 3 For example, 0.4 g / cm 3 Up to 0.7 g / cm 3 In some embodiments of the present invention, the bulk density may be 0.4 g / cm³. 3 Up to 0.6 g / cm 3 .

[0096] Microporous membranes suitable for use in this invention include microporous polyethylene membranes having the properties described herein, which are available from Microporous, LLC.

[0097] The microporous membrane may contain any suitable filler and plasticizer known in the art. Fillers may include silica powder, clay, zeolite, carbonates, charcoal, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the microporous membrane may be filled with about 30% to about 80% silica by weight.

[0098] In one aspect of the invention, the microporous membrane may include a dye sensitive to the amount of volatile substance in contact therewith to indicate end of lifetime. Alternatively, the microporous membrane may become transparent upon contact with a fragrance or volatile substance to indicate that diffusion is occurring. Other means known in the art for indicating end of lifetime are contemplated in this invention.

[0099] The membranes described herein advantageously provide clear visual changes when wetted with volatile substances and when dried (whether before use or at the end of their life). These visual changes may be more readily apparent when the membrane does not contain white pigments (e.g., TiO2). Therefore, microporous membranes may contain less than 5% by weight of white pigment, such as less than 1% by weight, less than 0.1% by weight, or less than 0.01% by weight. Microporous membranes may also be free of white pigments.

[0100] When a microporous membrane contains colored or black dyes / pigments, the visual changes when the membrane is wet may be more pronounced compared to when it is dry. Therefore, microporous membranes can contain colored or black dyes / pigments, such as activated carbon. Such colored or black pigments / pigments (e.g., activated carbon) can be present in any suitable amount, such as 0.1% to 5% by weight, for example, 0.3% to 1% by weight.

[0101] Volatile material

[0102] As used herein, the term "volatile substance" refers to a substance that evaporates without an energy source at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. A volatile substance can be a composition consisting entirely of a single volatile substance. A volatile substance can also be a composition consisting entirely of a mixture of volatile substances (i.e., a mixture having more than one volatile component). Furthermore, not all components of a composition are necessarily volatile. Any suitable volatile substance, including liquids or emulsions, can be used in any amount or form.

[0103] Therefore, the liquids applicable to this document may also have non-volatile components, such as carrier materials (e.g., water, solvents, etc.). It should also be understood that when a liquid is described herein as “transporting,” “dispersing,” or “releasing,” this refers to the volatilization of its volatile components, and does not require the dissipation of its non-volatile components.

[0104] Volatile substances can be in the form of fragrance oils. Most common fragrances are volatile essential oils. Volatile substances can be volatile organic compounds that are generally available from fragrance suppliers. Furthermore, volatile substances can be synthetic or naturally occurring materials. Examples include, but are not limited to: bergamot oil, bitter orange oil, lemon oil, citrus oil, caraway oil, cedarwood oil, clove oil, cedarwood oil, geranium oil, lavender oil, orange oil, oregano oil, small-particle oil, white cedarwood oil, patchouli oil, neroli oil, pure rose oil, etc. In the case of air fresheners or fragrances, different volatile substances can be similar, related, complementary, or significantly different.

[0105] Volatile substances can also be produced in the form of crystalline solids, which have the ability to sublimate into a gaseous phase at ambient temperature or to impart fragrance to liquids. Any suitable crystalline solid in any appropriate amount or form can be used. For example, suitable crystalline solids include, but are not limited to: vanillin, ethyl vanillin, coumarin, tuna musk, citronellol, sunflower essence, xylene musk, cedrol, muscone benzophenone, raspberry ketone, methylnaphthyl ketone β, phenylethyl salicylate, velyl alcohol, maltol, maple lactone, proeugenol acetate, evemyl, etc.

[0106] However, it may be desirable for the volatile substance to be in liquid form at 25°C. As explained herein, when wetted with the volatile substance, the microporous membrane used in this invention can advantageously exhibit an increased visual appearance change. This advantageously, quickly, and clearly confirms to the user that the volatile substance is in contact with the microporous membrane (or, if necessary, confirms that the device has been properly activated). The appearance change also clearly confirms that the device has reached the end of its lifespan, as the membrane appearance will revert to a dry appearance.

[0107] Therefore, the microporous membrane may have a first visible state when dry and a second visible state when wetted with a volatile substance, wherein the first and second visible states have different appearances. For example, the CIE2000 ΔE value of the sRGB difference between the first and second visible states may be greater than or equal to 5, such as greater than or equal to 8, greater than or equal to 10, or greater than or equal to 12. As used herein, CIE2000 ΔE refers to ΔE (ΔE*) calculated as per the CIE2000 formula published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Alternatively or otherwise, as measured according to ISO 13468-2:2021, the difference between the transmittance value of the first visible state and the transmittance value of the second visible state may be greater than or equal to 25%, such as greater than or equal to 30%, greater than or equal to 35%, greater than or equal to 40%, or greater than or equal to 45%.

[0108] Volatile substances may have a combined vapor pressure of at least 8 Pa (e.g., at least 30 Pa at 25 °C) at 25 °C.

[0109] If different volatile substances are used in an attempt to avoid the problem of habituation of emanations, it may be undesirable for the volatile substances to be very similar. Otherwise, the person experiencing the emanations might not notice that different materials are being emitted. Different emanations can be provided using multiple delivery systems, each delivering different volatile substances (such as musk, floral, fruity emanations, etc.). Different emanations can be related to each other through a common theme or in some other way. An example of different but complementary emanations could be cinnamon emanations and apple emanations.

[0110] In addition to the volatile substances of this invention, the delivery engine may include any known malodorous composition to neutralize the odor. Suitable malodorous compositions include cyclodextrins, active aldehydes, and ionones.

[0111] While not wishing to be bound by theory, the continuous delivery of volatile substances can vary with a variety of factors, including membrane pore size; membrane surface area; the physical properties of the volatile substance, such as molecular weight and saturated vapor pressure (“VP”); and the viscosity and / or surface tension of the composition containing the volatile substance.

[0112] The composition may be formulated such that it comprises a mixture of volatile substances comprising about 10% to about 100% of the volatile substances by weight, each of which has a VP of less than about 0.01 Torr at 25°C; alternatively, about 40% to about 100% of the volatile substances by weight, each of which has a VP of less than about 0.1 Torr at 25°C; alternatively, about 50% to about 100% of the volatile substances by weight, each of which has a VP of less than about 0.1 Torr at 25°C; alternatively, about 90% to about 100% of the volatile substances by weight, each of which has a VP of less than about 0.3 Torr at 25°C. In one embodiment, the volatile mixture may include 0% to 15% by weight of volatile substances, each having a VP of about 0.004 Torr to about 0.035 Torr at 25°C; 0% to 25% by weight of volatile substances, each having a VP of about 0.1 Torr to about 0.325 Torr at 25°C; and about 65% to 100% by weight of volatile substances, each having a VP of about 0.035 Torr to about 0.1 Torr at 25°C. One source for obtaining the saturated vapor pressure of the volatile substances is the EPI Suite available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ™ Version 4.0.

[0113] Two exemplary compositions comprising mixtures of volatile substances with different VPs are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. These compositions are shown by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

[0114] Table 1

[0115]

[0116] Table 2

[0117]

[0118] The viscosity of a volatile substance can control how and when it is transported to the microporous membrane. For example, a lower viscosity composition can flow faster than a higher viscosity volatile substance. Therefore, the membrane can be wetted first with a material of lower viscosity. To help prevent liquid from permeating through the microporous membrane, the volatile substance can have a viscosity of less than about 23 cP and a surface tension of less than about 33 mN / m.

[0119] In one embodiment, the viscosity of the composition containing the volatile substance may be from about 1.0 cP to less than about 25 cP, alternatively from about 1.0 cP to less than about 23 cP, or alternatively from about 1.0 cP to less than about 15 cP.

[0120] Compositions containing volatile substances can be designed such that the surface tension of the composition can be from about 19 mN / m to less than about 33 mN / m, alternatively from about 19 mN / m to less than about 30 mN / m, or alternatively from about 19 mN / m to less than about 27 mN / m.

[0121] The conveyor engine may also include:

[0122] c. A fractured substrate, which is fixed to the reservoir; and

[0123] d. A fracture element, positioned adjacent to the fractured substrate.

[0124] The microporous membrane encloses the fractured substrate and the fractured element.

[0125] A fractured substrate is used to prevent contact between volatile substances and a microporous membrane prior to the intended use of the device. The fractured substrate can be fractured by actuating a fracture element, and such fracture of the fractured substrate will allow volatile substances to flow through the fractured substrate and contact the microporous membrane. The configurations of the fractured substrate and the fracture element are described in more detail below.

[0126] The device of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, by way of illustration only.

[0127] Figure 1 A first embodiment of device 10 is shown. Device 10 corresponds to those devices described in US 8,740,110 and includes a delivery engine 100 and a housing 200, and has a cross-section 8. The present invention provides such a device comprising a microporous membrane having a volume average pore size of 0.065 µm to 0.15 µm.

[0128] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The delivery engine 100 includes width, length, and depth along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively. The width, length, and depth allow the delivery engine 100 to be considered compact and / or portable. "Compact" or "portable" means that the delivery engine 100 can be conveniently and comfortably carried in a pocket, wallet, etc. The delivery engine 100 can be constructed as a disposable, single-use item or as an item replenished with volatile substances.

[0129] The delivery engine 100 may include a lip 102 that defines the outer periphery of the delivery engine 100 and surrounds a reservoir 110 and a collection tank 112 that contain volatile substances. The delivery engine 100 may also include a fracturing substrate 120 fixed to the reservoir 110; a fracturing element 130 positioned adjacent to the fracturing substrate 120; and a microporous membrane 140 fixed to the lip 102 and sealing the fracturing substrate 120, the reservoir 110, and the collection tank 112.

[0130] The body 104 of the delivery engine 100 can be thermoformed, injection molded, or blow molded from any known material. In some embodiments, the body 104 includes all structural aspects of the delivery engine 100, minus the fracturing substrate 120, the fracturing element 130, and the microporous membrane 140. In other embodiments, the body 104 includes the fracturing element 130. The body 104 may be made of a multilayer material, which may include a barrier layer to prevent the evaporation of volatile components and at least one outer layer that allows the fracturing substrate 120 to be heat-sealed to the body 104. Suitable sealant layers will include a polyethylene layer or a polypropylene layer or any suitable polyolefin sealant layer, which allows for a leak-proof seal to the reservoir 110. Suitable materials forming the body 104 of the delivery engine 100 include plastics, such as Pentaform available from Klockner. ® 2101. In some embodiments, the material is a colored or uncolored transparent plastic. This transparency allows observation of the liquid and its lifespan end.

[0131] The delivery engine 100 may include a reservoir 110 for holding volatile substances. The reservoir 110 has a width, height, and depth along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively. The reservoir 110 may be elongated, as its width-to-length ratio is approximately 2:1 to approximately 4:1, alternatively approximately 1.5:1 to approximately 2.5:1. The reservoir 110 may have a width of approximately 45 mm to approximately 55 mm, alternatively approximately 51 mm; a length of approximately 15 mm to approximately 30 mm, alternatively approximately 23 mm; and a depth of approximately 5 mm to approximately 15 mm, alternatively approximately 11 mm. The dimensions of the reservoir 110 allow it to hold approximately 2 ml to approximately 50 ml of liquid containing volatile substances. Alternatively, the reservoir 110 may hold about 2 ml to about 30 ml, or about 2 ml to about 10 ml, or about 2 ml to about 8 ml, or about 4 ml to about 6 ml, or about 2 ml, or about 6 ml of liquid containing volatile substances.

[0132] The reservoir 110 may include a bottom 114 and a single opening 116. The reservoir 110 may also have a ridge 122 surrounding the single opening 116 or an upper edge. The ridge 122 provides a generally flat surface on which the fractured substrate 120 can be secured. The ridge 122 allows the secured area of ​​the fractured substrate 120 to be positioned away from the inner wall of the reservoir 110, where volatile substances will be retained.

[0133] The delivery engine 100 of the present invention is intended to include two or more reservoirs (not shown) that may be filled with the same or different volatile substances. The reservoirs may have any configuration that contacts the microporous membrane 140 upon rupture. For example, the reservoirs may be connected relative to each other for use in a flip-up device. In such devices, the microporous membrane 140 is fluidly connected between the reservoirs.

[0134] The delivery engine 100 may include a fractured substrate 120. The fractured substrate 120 may be constructed in any manner that prevents volatile substances in the reservoir 110 from contacting the microporous membrane 140 prior to activation or fracture of the delivery engine 100. In one embodiment, the fractured substrate 120 may close the reservoir prior to activation via a single opening 116 extending across a ridge 122 fixed to the reservoir 110. The fractured substrate 120 may be secured by adhesive layers, thermal and / or pressure sealing, ultrasonic bonding, crimping, or combinations thereof.

[0135] The fractured substrate 120 can be made of any material that can be broken by applied force, with or without elements to aid such breakage. Because the fractured substrate 120 is designed to contain volatile substances during storage, it can be made of a barrier material layer and a heat-sealable layer that prevents the volatile substances from evaporating before its intended use. Such materials can be impermeable to both vapors and liquids. Suitable barrier materials for the fractured substrate 120 include flexible films, such as polymer films, flexible foils, or composite materials such as foil / polymer film laminates. Suitable flexible foils include metal foils, such as foils consisting of nitrocellulose protective varnish, 20-micron aluminum foil, polyurethane primer, and a 15 g / m² polyethylene coating (Lidfoil 118-0092), which are available from Alcan Packaging. Suitable polymer films include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, acrylonitrile copolymer barrier films (such as those produced by INOES under the trade name Barex), etc. ® Those for sale), ethylene-vinyl alcohol, and combinations thereof. It is also envisioned that coated barrier films can be used as fracture-resistant substrates 120. Such coated barrier films may be used, including films coated with metallized PET, metallized polypropylene, silica, or alumina. Any barrier material, whether coated or uncoated, may be used alone and / or in combination with other barrier materials.

[0136] The fractured substrate 120 can be broken by actuating the fracture element 130 to release volatile substances. The fracture element 130 can be made of polyolefins (such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyester, or other plastics known to be suitable for molding) by injection molding, compression molding, or pressure molding. The fracture element 130 can also be made by thermoforming using discrete cutting steps to remove unwanted portions.

[0137] The rupture element 130 can be positioned in a space 132 formed in the delivery engine body 104, adjacent to the ruptureable substrate 120 and located below the microporous membrane 140. The space 132 can be configured such that the rupture element 132 is nested within the space 132 and enclosed by the microporous membrane 140, thus eliminating the need for other means of holding the rupture element 132 within the delivery engine 100. In one embodiment, the rupture element 130 is positioned between and in contact with the ruptureable substrate 120 and the microporous membrane 140. The rupture element 130, directly adjacent to the microporous membrane 140, can promote the wetting of the microporous membrane 140. More specifically, liquid can be wicked between the rupture element 130 and the microporous membrane 140, thereby allowing a large wetting surface area of ​​the microporous membrane 140 to be maintained.

[0138] The fracturing element 130 can be constructed in any manner that allows a user to relatively easily manually actuate the fracturing element 130 and destroy the fractable substrate 120. In one embodiment, the user can actuate the fracturing element 130 by manually compressing it. In other embodiments, the fracturing element 130 can destroy the fractable substrate 120 by contacting an element disposed within the delivery engine housing, which engages and compresses the fracturing element 130. A suitable compressive force for destroying the fractable substrate 120 with the fracturing element 130 can be less than about 25 N, alternatively less than about 20 N, alternatively less than about 15 N, alternatively less than about 10 N, alternatively less than about 5 N, alternatively about 1 N to about 15 N, alternatively about 1 N to about 10 N, and alternatively about 1 N to about 5 N.

[0139] The compressive force can be measured using the QTest Elite 10 electromechanical testing system available from MTS and a modified UL 283 finger probe made of polyamide. The UL 283 finger probe is described in the air freshener and deodorant standard, UL Standard 283, Figure 10.1 (UL, March 31, 2004). As described in UL 283, Figure 10.1, the radius of the finger tip is 3.5 mm; the height of the finger tip is 5 mm; and the depth of the finger tip is 5.8 mm. However, unlike the finger probe described above, the modified UL 283 finger probe does not include any hinge joints. Instead, it is in a fixed position perpendicular to the fracture element 130 when testing is performed. The test is conducted at an ambient temperature (23°C). + The event occurs at 2°C. The periphery of the conveyor engine 100 rests on a support fixture without directly contacting the fracture element 130 or directly securing the fracture element to the support fixture. The chuck speed of the electromechanical testing system is set to 30 mm / min. A modified UL 283 finger probe moves toward the fracture element 130 to contact the area where the desired displacement would cause the fractured substrate 120 to fracture. In the case of using a flange 134 as described herein, the desired displacement area is the midpoint of the flange 134. The midpoint is the point between the proximal end and the distal end 136. For example, if the flange 134 is 2 cm from the proximal end to the distal end 136, the midpoint is located at 1 cm. The machine runs until the fracture element 130 has shifted by 6 mm. Zero displacement is defined as the point where a force of 0.1 N (i.e., preload) is applied. The load at the first peak of fracture of the fractured substrate 120 is recorded as the fracture force. Those skilled in the art will know that the compressive force will vary depending on the physical properties of the microporous membrane 140, the rupture element 130, and the ruptureable substrate 120, as well as their placement in the delivery engine 100.

[0140] This document describes many embodiments of the rupture element 130, all of which are intended as non-limiting examples. Figure 2A non-limiting embodiment of the rupture element 130 is shown. In this embodiment, the rupture element 130 includes a flange 134 hinged to the rupture element 130. The flange 134 may be injection molded and may include a distal end 136. The distal end 136 may include one or more puncture elements 138 positioned in the z-direction or toward the ruptureable substrate 120. In one embodiment, the distal end 136 may include two puncture elements 138 spaced apart in the z-direction. In another embodiment, the distal end 136 may form a single point (not shown) along the xy plane. A user may manually compress or press down on the flange 134 in the z-direction, causing the ruptureable substrate 120 to break and volatile substances to be released into the microporous membrane 140.

[0141] The fracture element 130 is expected to include more than one flange 134, where additional fracture points are required. For example, the fracture element 130 may include a first compressible flange and a second compressible flange that are hinged to the fracture element (not shown).

[0142] Figure 2 The conveying engine 100 shown includes a microporous membrane 140 as described above.

[0143] When according to Figure 1 When used with the device, the microporous membrane 140 can be fixed to the lip 102 of the delivery engine 100 in the same manner as the fractured substrate 120 is fixed to the ridge 122 of the reservoir 110. The microporous membrane 140 seals the reservoir 110, the fractured substrate 120, the fracture element 130, and the collection tank 112. In this way, the fractured substrate 120 can be broken by compressing the microporous membrane 140 and the fracture element 130. Once broken, volatile substances flow out of the reservoir 110, contact the microporous membrane 140, and are transported to the atmosphere. Because the microporous membrane 140 is isolated from volatile substances before the fractured substrate 120 is broken, the aroma intensity can slowly accumulate from zero to its equilibrium release rate when the microporous membrane 140 is fully wetted.

[0144] Figure 3 A front perspective view of an embodiment of device 11 is shown, which corresponds to those devices described in US 2022 / 0047754, while Figure 4 A rear perspective view of this embodiment is shown. The present invention provides a device comprising a microporous membrane having a volume-average pore size of 0.065 µm to 0.15 µm.

[0145] The depicted device 11 includes a housing 20 having a first wall 21 opposite to a second wall 23. Components of the housing 20, including the first and second walls, can be made of plastic, bamboo, wood, glass, shell, pulp, metal, or quasi-metallic materials. In some embodiments, it is also foreseeable that the chosen material for the walls may be recyclable or even made from recyclable materials. Any component of the housing, including the first and second walls, as well as the button and button channel, can be formed by thermal means, injection molding, or blow molding. These first and second walls are joined to each other along their respective perimeters 22, 24. These walls can be joined to each other by various mechanisms, including snap-fit ​​connectors, adhesive, or one or more latches that mechanically attach one wall to the other. The first wall 21 and the second wall 23 can be convex and can even be convex, so that when joined together, they respectively form two hemispherical walls and a spherical device. However, in the depicted embodiment, the first wall 21 and the second wall 23 are each curved and profiled into an elliptical shell form. Thus, in this case, they form an elliptical disc housing and device. It can be said that the first and second walls of this embodiment are shell-shaped. The first wall 21 includes a window 80 and a main hole 27. The device 11 includes a base portion 25 formed by one or both of the first wall 22 (25a) and the second wall 24 (25b). Figure 3 In the middle, the main hole 27 is located near the base portion 25a of the first wall. The size of the main hole can be varied, but it can be approximately 30 mm. 2 40mm 2 50mm 2 60mm 2 70mm 2 80mm 2 90mm 2 Or even 100mm 2 Approximately 120mm 2 130mm 2 140mm 2 150mm 2 160mm 2 170mm 2 Or 180mm 2 The area. In this embodiment, the main hole 27 is approximately 110 mm. 2 .

[0146] Window 80 can be used to provide a user with the ability to visually measure the volume of the volatile composition within the receiver of the metering cartridge. The window 80 easily accommodates the rear or bottom surface of the cartridge, which in most cases will be transparent or translucent to facilitate volume observation. The window 80 can take various shapes. In this embodiment, the window is oval, but it can be rectangular, circular, triangular, or other asymmetrical shapes that allow the user to fully see the receiver. Window 80 can also have variable dimensions. In oval or elliptical configurations of the device, the length can range from about 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, or 5cm to about 7cm, 7.5cm, 8cm, 8.5cm, or 9cm, while the width ranges from about 3cm, 3.5cm, or 4cm to about 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, 7.5cm, or 8cm. In one embodiment, the length of the housing is 6cm, and the width is 4.5cm. The color of the volatile composition can be varied with the device. The color of the composition can be coordinated with the color of the housing or markings on the buttons to promote a fragrance theme. For example, the composition can be blue, and the markings on the buttons (e.g., handprints) can also be blue to indicate a "ocean" or "calm" theme.

[0147] Although not shown in the accompanying drawings, the first wall may also include a second plurality of holes surrounding the window. These second plurality of holes may have the same size as each other and may be in the range of two or more. It should be noted that these holes are distinct from the main holes and the window. Without being theoretically limited, the second plurality of holes may facilitate the passage of air within the device, thereby increasing the evaporation of the volatile composition and ultimately releasing the composition into the environment.

[0148] The dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be construed as strictly limited to the precise numerical values ​​cited. Rather, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to represent the stated value and the range surrounding its functional equivalent. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to represent “approximately 40 mm”.

[0149] The present invention is illustrated by the following embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0150] Example

[0151] General materials and methods

[0152] The following examples were performed using flavoring A, which is a mixture comprising: 51% esters; 26% carbonyl compounds; and 15% alcohols, with the balance consisting of various trace components. The components of flavoring A have the following carbon chain length distribution:

[0153] 16% of the carbon chains have a length of 6 to 8;

[0154] 50% of the carbon chain length is 9 to 11; and

[0155] 21% of the carbon chains have a length of 12 to 14.

[0156] The margin consists of a small amount of other chain lengths.

[0157] Perfume weight loss

[0158] The following equipment was used during the calculation of the spice weight loss values ​​detailed in Table 4:

[0159] 1. Balance (name: Ohaus AA210 S / N 11131122540) or equivalent.

[0160] 2. For example Figure 3 and Figure 4 The depicted outer shell.

[0161] 3. A volatile substance container holding 7 ml of the fragrance composition.

[0162] 4.3M Scotch Weld Applicator TC and adhesive, #3797-TC or equivalent.

[0163] 5. An evaporator rack or an equivalent open tray (for ovens) rack, with a top cover and shelf spacing of 15cm or longer.

[0164] 6. A room that houses an evaporator with the following measurements, airflow, temperature / relative humidity, or equivalent:

[0165] a) Laboratory dimensions: 32 feet 4 inches long × 72 inches wide × 108 inches high or 1,730 feet 3

[0166] b) Airflow (intake and exhaust)

[0167] • Normal mode: Average intake air supply: 103.75ft 3 / min + 6%

[0168] • Average exhaust: 149.25ft 3 / min + 6%

[0169] • Negative pressure difference result: -45.5

[0170] Negative pressure means that the air supplied to the laboratory and from adjacent corridors or rooms is exhausted through the ventilation system.

[0171] c) Temperature and relative humidity %

[0172] Average temperature: 23 o C ± 0.1 o C

[0173] • Average relative humidity %: 45% ± 0.5%

[0174] The procedure for determining weight loss is as follows:

[0175] 1. Load the volatile composition into a sealed container such that the membrane is not yet wetted. For example, the volatile composition container can be punctured by cutting a hole in it that allows an 18-gauge needle to be inserted.

[0176] 2. Fill the flavoring box with 7 ml of flavoring. This is equivalent to 6650 mg of flavoring A, which was used as the standard flavoring in all experiments described herein. Volume adjustments may be necessary based on the density of the composition of interest.

[0177] 3. Seal the insertion hole with hot melt adhesive.

[0178] 4. Measure and record the weight of the equipment.

[0179] 5. Insert the box into the housing used to hold and orient the box, and ensure that the box is correctly positioned inside the housing to ensure proper airflow.

[0180] 6. Activate the box by any suitable means to allow contact between the fragrance and the film, thereby wetting the film. In the embodiments disclosed herein, such activation is achieved by pressing an activation button, which disrupts the fragile seal between the fragrance and the film.

[0181] 7. Record the box weight daily for a specific period of time (e.g., at least sixty days).

[0182] 8. Determine the weight loss of the volatile composition during the relevant time period.

[0183] Bulk density

[0184] The bulk density of the membrane is determined by dividing the sample weight by the sample volume. The sample weight can be measured using a standard weighing balance (e.g., Ohaus AA210 S / N 11131122540 or equivalent). The sample volume can be determined by measuring the sample dimensions using standard vernier calipers.

[0185] Thickness

[0186] The thickness of the membrane can be measured using a standard micrometer.

[0187] Porosity

[0188] The membrane porosity is determined using the following formula, expressed as a volume percentage:

[0189] Porosity = 100[1 - d1 / d2]

[0190] Where d1 is the density of the sample, which is determined by the sample weight and volume, the volume of which is determined by measuring the sample dimensions; and d2 is the density of the solid portion of the sample, which is determined by the sample weight and the volume of the solid portion. The volume of the solid portion of the microporous membrane was determined using a Quantachrome stereogravimetric flask (Quantachrome Corp.) according to the operating instructions accompanying the instrument.

[0191] Volume average pore size

[0192] The volume-average pore size of the membrane was determined using an automated scanning mercury porosimeter (Quantachrome Corp.) according to the instrument's instruction manual via mercury intrusion porosimetry. The volume-average pore radius for a single scan was automatically determined by the porosimeter. Scans were performed within the high-pressure range (from 138 kPa to 227 MPa) during operation. If 2% or less of the total intrusion volume occurred at the lower limit of the high-pressure range (138 kPa to 250 kPa), the volume-average pore size was taken as twice the volume-average pore radius determined by the porosimeter. Otherwise, additional scans were performed within the low-pressure range (7 kPa to 165 kPa), and the volume-average pore size was calculated using the following formula:

[0193] d=2[v1 r1 / w1 +v2 r2 / w2 ] / [v1 / w1 +v2 / w2]

[0194] Where d is the volume average pore size; v1 is the total volume of mercury that has entered within the high-pressure range; v2 is the total volume of mercury that has entered within the low-pressure range; r1 is the volume average pore radius determined by the high-pressure scan; r2 is the volume average pore radius determined by the low-pressure scan; w1 is the weight of the sample subjected to the high-pressure scan; and w2 is the weight of the sample subjected to the low-pressure scan.

[0195] Total pore volume

[0196] The total pore volume of the membrane was determined using the mercury porosimetry method with an automated scanning mercury porosimeter (Quantachrome Corp.) according to the instrument's instruction manual. The total pore volume for a single scan is automatically determined by the porosimeter.

[0197] When the examples provided below do not provide results for the membrane of the present invention, it means that the membrane of the present invention under consideration was not tested in that experiment.

[0198] Example 1 : Perfume release

[0199] Membranes 1 to 3 of the present invention were obtained from Microporous, LLC. Comparative membrane 1 was obtained from PPG Industries, Inc. The properties of the different membranes are provided in Table 3 below.

[0200] Table 3

[0201]

[0202] Using different membrane preparations, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 Two identical air freshener delivery devices are shown: one with the membrane 1 of the present invention, and the other with a comparative membrane 1. Each device contains 7 ml (6650 mg) of fragrance A contained in a reservoir that, upon activation, allows the fragrance to contact the membrane of the device. Each device has a 27 cm... 2 The corresponding membrane.

[0203] The fragrance release performance of the air freshener delivery system was evaluated using the "Fragrance Weight Loss" procedure outlined above. The results are presented in Table 4 below.

[0204] Table 4

[0205]

[0206] Each device is loaded with 7 ml (6650 mg) of fragrance. Therefore, after eight weeks, the device using membrane 1 of the present invention is able to release 85.3% of the total fragrance, while the device using comparative membrane 1 is only able to release 78.4% of the total fragrance.

[0207] The comparison results between the membrane 1 of the present invention and the comparative membrane 1 clearly show that the membrane 1 of the present invention is able to release more fragrance during each stage of the product life cycle (8 weeks). This improvement was achieved while maintaining the same total fragrance load (7 ml) and the same fragrance mixture, indicating that the membrane 1 of the present invention improves the efficiency of fragrance release. For the avoidance of doubt, the device prepared using the membrane 1 of the present invention maintains the same total product life cycle (approximately 8 weeks) as the device prepared using the comparative membrane 1.

[0208] The last column of Table 4 shows the increase in fragrance release at each stage. While the increase is relatively low during week 1, this is because fragrance release in this early stage is primarily driven by highly volatile top notes (e.g., vapor pressure of at least 0.1 Torr at 25°C). However, after week 1, when mid and base notes contribute more to fragrance evaporation, the membrane 1 of the present invention is clearly significantly superior to the comparative membrane 1. This improvement in fragrance release results in a lower amount of fragrance remaining in the device (whether in the reservoir or on / inside the membrane itself) at the end of the product lifecycle (8 weeks), thus reducing waste.

[0209] Although the device prepared using comparative membrane 1 has a lifespan of approximately 8 weeks, a detectable amount of fragrance remains within the membrane at the end of its lifespan. This means that consumers can still detect the fragrance but may not realize that the product has reached the end of its lifespan. This leads to consumer dissatisfaction and confusion. In contrast, because membrane 1 of the present invention provides increased fragrance evaporation, less fragrance remains on the membrane at the end of its lifespan. This results in a less noticeable residual odor, thus providing consumers with a clearer olfactory signal that the product has reached the end of its lifespan.

[0210] Example 2: Visual change

[0211] The following equipment / materials are used during the determination of visual changes in the color and / or transparency of the film, as detailed in Methods 1 and 3:

[0212] 1. Balance (name: Ohaus AA210 S / N 11131122540) or equivalent.

[0213] 2.0.1 ml of flavoring composition (flavoring A).

[0214] 3. A membrane with dimensions of 2.5cm × 2.5cm.

[0215] 4. To obtain a film after the fragrance has been moistened, add 0.1 ml of fragrance to the film.

[0216] During the determination of visual changes in color and / or transparency of the film after wetting, as detailed in Method 2, the following equipment / materials are used:

[0217] 1. Balance (name: Ohaus AA210 S / N 11131122540) or equivalent.

[0218] 2. The outer casing of the present invention, including the first wall and the second wall.

[0219] 3. A volatile composition box containing 7 ml of a fragrance composition (fragrance A, optionally containing a blue dye).

[0220] 4.3M Scotch Weld Applicator TC and adhesive, #3797-TC or equivalent.

[0221] 5. The procedure for obtaining a working device that allows the membrane to be wetted by fragrance is as follows:

[0222] a. Load the volatile composition into a sealed container that is not yet wetted. For example, the volatile composition container can be punctured by cutting a hole in it to allow insertion of an 18-gauge needle.

[0223] b. Fill the container with 7 ml of flavoring. This is equivalent to 6650 mg of standard flavoring. Volume adjustments may be necessary based on the density of the composition of interest.

[0224] c. Seal the insertion hole with hot melt adhesive.

[0225] d. Insert the box into the housing and ensure that the box is properly positioned inside the housing to ensure proper airflow.

[0226] e. Activate the cartridge to wet its membrane. In this document, such activation is achieved by pressing an activation button. However, equivalent means of activating and wetting the membrane may exist.

[0227] Color / transparency changes were evaluated using three methods.

[0228] • Method 1 (Measurement of transmittance): Based on ISO 13468-2:2021 "Plastics - Determination of total transmittance of transparent materials - Part 2: Two-beam instrumentation", the transmittance of the original film and after being wetted with fragrance was measured.

[0229] • Method 2 (Measuring the color difference of the film using ΔE): Photographs of the film were taken before and after the device was activated. The sRGB values ​​of the two images were determined using standard software (MS Paint for Microsoft Windows users, a digital colorimeter for Mac users, https: / / imagecolorpicker.com / , or equivalent), and then the ΔE between the images was calculated using standard software (e.g., http: / / colormine.org / delta-e-calculator / cie2000 or https: / / rgbcmyk.com.ar / en / xla-2 / , or equivalent) based on the CIE2000 definition of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).

[0230] • Method 3 (Group Member Test): Ten group members were asked to rate the changes in transparency and color difference of the original membrane and the membrane after the addition of fragrance on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is no change, 2 is slight change, 3 is moderate change, 4 is significant change, and 5 is extreme change.

[0231] The results for each method are provided below.

[0232] Method 1

[0233] The transmittance of the dry and wet films was evaluated according to ISO 13468-2:2021. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0234] Table 5

[0235]

[0236] The results confirmed that the films 1 and 3 of the present invention exhibited a much larger change in transmittance between the dry and wet states than the comparative film 1.

[0237] Method 2

[0238] As described above for method 2, ΔE is calculated from the RGB values.

[0239] Membrane 4 of the present invention is very similar to membrane 1 of the present invention, except that the former also contains 0.66% by weight of activated carbon. This results in a change from gray when dry to black when wet.

[0240] As shown in Table 6, the fragrance formulations used are colorless or blue.

[0241] Table 6

[0242]

[0243] A ΔE value below 5 is generally considered to represent the same or similar colors (even if the difference is significant). A ΔE value above 5 is generally considered to represent two different colors (Mokrzycki and Tatol, Machine Graphics and Vision 20(4):383-411).

[0244] 0 < ΔE < 1 - The observer did not notice the difference.

[0245] 1 < ΔE < 2 - Only experienced observers can notice the difference.

[0246] 2 < ΔE < 3:5 - Even inexperienced observers would notice the difference.

[0247] 3:5 < ΔE < 5 - Note the obvious color difference

[0248] 5<ΔE - The observer notices two different colors

[0249] The results in Table 6 above show that the membrane used in this invention provides a significant color change (ΔE>5) when moistened with fragrance. This applies regardless of whether the fragrance is colored with a blue dye. In contrast, the comparison membrane did not show any color change (ΔE<5).

[0250] To avoid any doubt, when the dye is used in the fragrance formulation, the blue dye does not penetrate into the membrane during use. This means that when in contact with the (colored) fragrance, the membrane exhibits a wetted appearance, but reverts to its original appearance at the end of its life. Therefore, the ΔE values ​​of the membranes 1 and 3 of the present invention, implemented with colored fragrance formulations, confirm that the present invention can provide a strong visual signal that the air purifier has reached the end of its life. This visual signal is advantageously stronger than that of the comparative membrane 1.

[0251] Method 3

[0252] The average scores from the 10 panel members are provided below. The results show that, compared to comparative membrane 1, the membrane 1 of the present invention exhibits a significantly more noticeable change in appearance upon contact with fragrance. This improvement is clearly detectable to the human eye.

[0253] Table 7

[0254]

[0255] 1 = No change, 2 = Slight change, 3 = Moderate change, 4 = Significant change, 5 = Extreme change.

[0256] The results in Tables 5 to 7 above show that when membranes 1, 3 and 4 of the present invention are wetted by volatile substances, there are drastic changes in appearance, color and transparency, while the changes in appearance and transparency of membrane 1 are far less significant.

[0257] This confirms that the present invention can provide a favorable and clear signal that the air purifier has been properly activated and has reached the end of its lifespan.

[0258] Example 3: Sealing temperature

[0259] The membrane must be completely sealed to the equipment to ensure controlled evaporation of the fragrance through the membrane and prevent fragrance leakage. Sealing can be performed using a conventional heat sealer at a temperature sufficient to melt both the membrane and the material of the equipment to which the membrane will be sealed (e.g., a reservoir for containing fragrance). This then bonds the membrane and the equipment together, forming a seal. However, excessively high sealing temperatures can cause overheating of the material surfaces and result in undesirable transparency. Higher sealing temperatures are also more energy-intensive, increasing commercial production costs.

[0260] Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the sealing temperature as much as possible.

[0261] The sealing temperatures of membrane 1 of the present invention and comparative membrane 1 are provided in Table 8 below. Membranes 1 and 2 of the present invention can be sealed at a lower temperature than comparative membrane 1. Membranes 3 of the present invention were not tested.

[0262] Table 8

[0263]

[0264] The above embodiments demonstrate the following benefits provided by devices utilizing microporous membranes as defined herein.

[0265] 1) Membranes enable more efficient use of fragrances provided in the equipment, with less volatile matter remaining on the membrane at the end of the product's life cycle.

[0266] 2) Membranes enable improved fragrance release, especially during the middle and end of the product's lifecycle. Surprisingly, this benefit was achieved while maintaining the same total product lifecycle.

[0267] 3) The membrane exhibits a significantly different appearance when wetted with volatile substances compared to its dry state (whether before activation or at the end of the product's life cycle). This advantageously allows consumers to easily determine whether the product has been properly activated and whether it needs replacement. This provides a dual benefit to consumer satisfaction.

[0268] a. The first benefit arises because consumers may be dissatisfied when the device, as described in US 8,740,110 or US 2022 / 0047754, is activated, as they will notice that the amount of volatile matter in the reservoir decreases rapidly immediately after activation as it passes through the fractured substrate, without any clear signal that volatile matter is contacting the membrane.

[0269] b. The second benefit is that consumers can more easily determine when a product has reached the end of its lifespan.

[0270] 4) Membranes with lower bulk density than existing membranes can be sealed to equipment at lower temperatures, thereby improving ease of manufacture and reducing costs.

[0271] Unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited, every reference cited herein, including any cross-references or related patents or patent applications, and any patent application or patent claiming priority to or benefiting from it, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Reference to any reference is not an endorsement of it as prior art to any disclosed or protected art herein, nor is it an endorsement of any such invention, either on its own or in combination with any one or more references. Furthermore, where any meaning or definition of a term in this invention conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in referenced documents, the meaning or definition given to that term in this invention shall prevail.

[0272] While specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that all such changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for delivering a volatile material, the apparatus comprising a delivery engine, the delivery engine comprising: a. a reservoir, the reservoir containing a volatile material; and b. a microporous membrane, the microporous membrane enclosing the reservoir, wherein the microporous membrane has a volume average pore size of 0.065 pm to 0.15 pm.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the delivery engine further comprises: c. a rupturable substrate, the rupturable substrate affixed to the reservoir; and d. a rupturing element, the rupturing element positioned adjacent to the rupturable substrate, wherein the microporous membrane encloses the rupturable substrate and the rupturing element.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the microporous membrane has a surface area of 2 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 . Optionally 2 cm 2 up to 35 cm 2 of surface area.

4. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has a porosity of 45% to 70%, optionally a porosity of 45% to 60%.

5. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has a total pore volume of 0.6 cm 3 / g to 2 cm 3 / g. Optionally 0.65 cm 3 / g to 1.6 cm 3 / g of total pore volume, more optionally 0.7 cm 3 / g to 1.5 cm 3 total pore volume of 0.1 to 1.5 cm3 / g.

6. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has a bulk density of 0.3 g / cm 3 to 0.8 g / cm 3 . Optionally 0.35 g / cm3 3 to 0.75 g / cm3 3 Bulk density, more optionally 0.4 g / cm3 3 up to 0.7 g / cm3 3 bulk density.

7. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, optionally a thickness of 0.22 mm to 0.37 mm, more optionally a thickness of 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm.

8. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has: a porosity of 45% to 60%; and 0.65 cm 3 / g to 1.5 cm 3 / g total pore volume; and 0.35 g / cm 3 up to 0.75 g / cm 3 bulk density.

9. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane is not laminated.

10. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane comprises polyethylene, optionally wherein the polyethylene is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).

11. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane: comprises polyethylene; has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm; and is not laminated.

12. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir contains a volatile material, the volatile material being a liquid at 25 °C, optionally wherein the volatile material has a vapor pressure of at least 8 Pa at 25 °C, more optionally wherein the volatile material has a vapor pressure of at least 30 Pa at 25 °C.

13. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the delivery engine further comprises: c. a rupturable substrate, the rupturable substrate affixed to the reservoir; and d. a rupturing element, the rupturing element positioned adjacent to the rupturable substrate, the microporous membrane encloses the rupturable substrate and the rupturing element; the reservoir contains a volatile material; the apparatus is configured such that activation of the rupturing element allows contact between the volatile material and the microporous membrane; and the apparatus is configured such that, following activation of the rupturing element, the apparatus releases at least 80% by weight of the volatile material over a period of 8 weeks at a temperature of 25 °C.

14. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has a first visible state when dry and a second visible state when wetted with a volatile material, and wherein the CIE 2000 AE value between the first visible state and the second visible state is greater than or equal to 5.

15. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microporous membrane has a first visible state when dry and a second visible state when wetted with a volatile substance, and wherein the difference between the light transmittance value of the first visible state and the light transmittance value of the second visible state, measured according to ISO 13468-2:2021, is greater than or equal to 25%.

Images