Ash deposition prevention and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system suitable for low-flow-rate flue gas

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water supply pipe networks, in particular to an anti-ash deposition and heat transfer collaborative strengthening system suitable for low-flow-rate flue gas, comprising: a real-time acquisition module for acquiring low-flow-rate flue gas data in real time; the flue gas pretreatment module is used for pretreating the low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas; the dust deposition inhibition module is used for performing dust treatment on the pretreated low-flow-speed flue gas to obtain low-adhesion flue gas, and is also used for updating the dust treatment process according to the surface cleanliness to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas; the heat transfer strengthening module is used for updating the ash removal strategy according to the heat transfer efficiency value; and the intelligent feedback module is used for optimizing the ash removal strategy according to the cleaning times in the period, and is also used for constructing a life prediction model. According to the system, the self-state of low-flow-speed air and the environment change of an external flow channel are sensed, and the strategy is dynamically adjusted to adapt to the change.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water supply network technology, and in particular to a system for synergistic enhancement of ash accumulation and heat transfer suitable for low-velocity flue gas. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial flue gas waste heat recovery processes, low-velocity flue gas is commonly found in equipment such as power plant boilers, industrial silicon smelting, and metallurgical furnaces. Due to the low velocity, suspended particulate matter in the flue gas easily deposits on heat transfer surfaces, forming ash buildup, leading to decreased heat transfer efficiency, increased flow resistance, and even equipment blockage. Existing technologies mainly employ the following solutions: mechanical cleaning devices, such as rappers and filter cleaning mechanisms, remove ash through physical contact, but these can easily damage surfaces and consume high energy; surface expansion technologies, using finned tubes or irregularly shaped tubes to increase the heat transfer area, but traditional finned tubes are prone to ash accumulation and difficult to clean; flow optimization designs, such as vertical shaft chamber acceleration and turbulence-promoting structures, but their effectiveness is limited at low velocities and may increase pressure drop.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN220355457U discloses a powerful heat transfer and self-cleaning heat exchange structure for air preheaters and air heaters. It includes a medium bypass system and multiple sets of air preheaters and air heaters connected through the medium bypass system. Multiple rows of heat exchange tubes are arrayed within each air preheater and air heater. Heat exchange fins are provided on both the inner and outer walls of the heat exchange tubes. The heat exchange fins include inner heat exchange fins on the inner wall of the heat exchange tubes and outer heat exchange fins on the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes. The medium bypass system divides the medium channels of the multiple sets of air preheaters and air heaters into different regions, and a medium bypass baffle is installed on the medium channel of each region. The inner and outer heat exchange fins can improve heat transfer by expanding the surface area and strengthening the fin's disturbance to the fluid, which helps reduce the risk of loose ash accumulation. This invention achieves non-flow of air medium in designated channels through the medium bypass system, thereby raising the temperature within the channels to the decomposition temperature of ammonium bisulfate, and can specifically remove adhesive ash accumulation caused by ammonium bisulfate. This patent uses a medium bypass system for dust removal, but it is only applicable to specific types of adhesive ash. It has poor adaptability to low flow rate conditions, and traditional control methods cannot adapt to changes in flue gas parameters in real time, making it difficult to achieve the best balance between preventing ash accumulation and enhancing heat transfer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address this, the present invention provides a system for synergistic enhancement of ash accumulation and heat transfer suitable for low-flow-rate flue gas, which overcomes the problems in the prior art that it cannot adapt to changes in flue gas parameters in real time and is difficult to achieve the best balance between ash accumulation prevention and heat transfer enhancement. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a system for synergistic enhancement of ash accumulation and heat transfer suitable for low-velocity flue gas, comprising: The real-time acquisition module is used to acquire low-velocity flue gas data in real time, including ash accumulation data, temperature data, humidity data, and flow rate data. The flue gas pretreatment module is used to pretreat low-flow-rate flue gas based on humidity data, and also to perform secondary pretreatment on low-flow-rate flue gas based on temperature data to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas. The dust accumulation suppression module is used to treat the dust in the pre-treated low-velocity flue gas to obtain low-velocity flue gas after injecting powder-repellent additives. After the low-velocity flue gas after injecting powder-repellent additives undergoes secondary dust treatment through a dust removal strategy, low-adhesion flue gas is obtained. It is also used to acquire dust accumulation data when the low-adhesion flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain surface cleanliness. The cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas is judged based on the surface cleanliness, and the dust treatment process is updated based on the judgment result to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas. It is also used to adjust the judgment result of the cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas based on the flue gas Reynolds value of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas. The heat transfer enhancement module is used to obtain the heat transfer efficiency value, judge the qualification of heat transfer efficiency based on the heat transfer efficiency value, and update the dust removal strategy based on the judgment result. The intelligent feedback module is used to obtain the number of cleaning cycles within a cycle, judge the qualification of cleaning based on the number of cleaning cycles, optimize the dust removal strategy based on the judgment results, and build a life prediction model to obtain the life prediction value, and adjust the qualification of cleaning based on the life prediction value.

[0005] Furthermore, the real-time acquisition module includes a differential pressure sensor unit, a temperature and humidity sensor unit, and a flow sensor unit, wherein: The differential pressure sensor unit is used to collect the degree of ash accumulation when low-velocity flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain ash accumulation data; The temperature and humidity sensor unit is used to collect temperature and humidity data when low-velocity flue gas flows through the channel; The flow sensor unit is used to collect flow velocity data when low-velocity flue gas flows through the flow channel.

[0006] Furthermore, the flue gas pretreatment module includes: The humidity control unit compares the humidity data H with the preset maximum humidity H0max and the preset minimum humidity H0min, obtains the humidity level based on the comparison results, and pre-processes the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the humidity level. The temperature control unit compares the temperature data T with the preset temperature T0, obtains the temperature level based on the comparison result, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the temperature level.

[0007] Furthermore, the humidity control unit acquires humidity data H, compares the humidity data H with a preset maximum humidity value H0max and a preset minimum humidity value H0min, obtains the humidity level based on the comparison result, and pre-processes the low-velocity flue gas according to the humidity level: If H > H0max, the humidity control unit outputs the higher humidity in the low-flow-rate flue gas as the humidity level and pre-treats the low-flow-rate flue gas by injecting dry hot air into it. If H0min≤H≤H0max, the humidity control unit will output the humidity level as moderate in the low-flow-rate flue gas and will not process the low-flow-rate flue gas. If H < H0min, the humidity control unit outputs the low humidity level as the humidity level in the low-flow-rate flue gas and pre-treats the low-flow-rate flue gas by injecting a mixture of water vapor and additives into the low-flow-rate flue gas. The temperature regulation unit acquires temperature data T, compares temperature data T with a preset temperature T0, obtains the temperature level based on the comparison result, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the temperature level: If T > T0, the temperature regulation unit outputs the excessively high temperature in the low-flow-rate flue gas as the temperature level, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas: precooling the low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas. If T≤T0, the temperature regulation unit outputs the normal temperature of the low-flow-rate flue gas as the humidity level, without performing secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas, thus obtaining pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas.

[0008] Furthermore, when the dust accumulation suppression module performs dust treatment on the pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas, the dust treatment includes using a rotary whistle-type sound wave generator to perform sound pressure fluctuation on the pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain low-flow-rate flue gas after sound pressure fluctuation, and injecting a powder-repellent additive into the low-flow-rate flue gas after sound pressure fluctuation to obtain low-flow-rate flue gas after injecting the powder-repellent additive. Obtain the velocity data V of the low-velocity flue gas after the injection of the dust-repellent additive. Compare the velocity data V with the preset maximum velocity data Vmax and the preset minimum velocity data Vmin. Determine the dust removal difficulty level based on the comparison results, and output the dust removal strategy according to the dust removal difficulty level. When V < Vmin, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be that the cleaning difficulty of low-flow-rate flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additive is high, and the strong cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. When Vmin≤V≤Vmax, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be moderate for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additives, and the energy-saving cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. When V > Vmax, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be low for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additive, and the auxiliary cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. After injecting a powder-repellent additive, the low-flow-rate flue gas is subjected to secondary dust treatment through a dust removal strategy to obtain low-adhesion flue gas.

[0009] Furthermore, the dust accumulation suppression module acquires dust accumulation data when low-adhesion flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain surface cleanliness A. Surface cleanliness A is compared with a preset cleanliness A0. Based on the comparison result, the cleanliness level of the low-adhesion flue gas is determined, and the dust treatment process is updated according to the determination result. Specifically: When A≥A0, the dust accumulation suppression module determines that the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is good and does not update the dust treatment process; When A < A0, the dust accumulation suppression module determines that the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is poor, and updates the dust treatment process according to the judgment result: acquire the visual image of dust accumulation, perform offline simulation analysis on the visual image of dust accumulation, identify the low-speed zone below the average flow rate, and set the guide plate in the low-speed zone during dust treatment to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas.

[0010] Furthermore, the ash accumulation suppression module acquires the flue gas Reynolds data of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas to obtain the flue gas Reynolds value B. The flue gas Reynolds value B is compared with the preset flue gas Reynolds value B0. Based on the comparison result, the module determines the qualification of the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas and adjusts the judgment result of the cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas accordingly. When B < B0, the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas is deemed unqualified, and the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is adjusted from good to poor. When B≥B0, the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas is deemed qualified, and the judgment result of the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is not adjusted.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancement module obtains the heat transfer efficiency of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas, gets a heat transfer efficiency value C, compares the heat transfer efficiency value C with a preset heat transfer efficiency value C0, judges the pass / fail status of the heat transfer efficiency based on the comparison result, and updates the dust removal strategy based on the judgment result: When C≥C0, the heat transfer efficiency is deemed acceptable, and the cleaning strategy is not updated. When C < C0, the heat transfer efficiency is deemed unqualified, and the dust removal strategy is updated: a vortex generator is implanted in the flow channel to increase boundary layer disturbance by inducing microturbulence.

[0012] Furthermore, the intelligent feedback module acquires the number of times the low-adhesion flue gas has a poor cleaning level within a cycle, obtaining the number of cleaning times S within the cycle. The number of cleaning times S within the cycle is compared with the preset number of cleaning times S0 within the cycle. Based on the comparison result, the cleaning qualification is judged, and the dust removal strategy is optimized based on the judgment result. When S < S0, the cleaning status is determined to be qualified, and no optimization of the dust removal strategy is performed. When S≥S0, the cleaning condition is judged as unqualified. Pulse airflow is added to assist in dust removal. Nozzles are arranged in the flow channel to inject a mixed airflow of compressed air and dry ice particles into the low-velocity air during the cycle.

[0013] Furthermore, the intelligent feedback module acquires flow channel information data and low-velocity flue gas data, and trains the gradient boosting decision tree model based on the flow channel information data and low-velocity flue gas data. When the training accuracy is greater than or equal to 95%, it outputs the lifetime prediction model and obtains the lifetime prediction value D. The lifetime prediction value D is compared with the preset lifetime prediction value D0. Based on the comparison result, the passability of the lifetime of the part of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is judged, and the cleanliness is adjusted according to the judgment result. When D > D0, the lifespan of the section of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is deemed unqualified, and the cleanliness qualification is adjusted to cleanliness failure. When D≤D0, the lifespan of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is deemed acceptable, and no adjustment is made to the cleanliness status.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are that the method is applied to the control terminal of a flow channel through which low-velocity air flows, enabling the sensing of the low-velocity air's own state and changes in the external flow channel environment, and dynamically adjusting strategies to adapt to these changes. The system collects multi-dimensional data on low-velocity air in real time through a real-time acquisition module, providing a data foundation for decision-making and optimization of the entire system. This transforms traditional experience-based, passive maintenance into a data-driven, proactive sensing mode, a prerequisite for system intelligence. The system employs a flue gas pretreatment module for two pretreatment processes—humidity control followed by temperature control—fundamentally solving the problems of dust adhesion and fusibility, creating stable and ideal operating conditions for subsequent dust accumulation suppression, and significantly reducing the risk of dust accumulation at the source. The system's dust accumulation suppression module executes the most suitable dust removal strategy based on real-time flow rate, and can also verify the dust accumulation through surface cleanliness and Reynolds number. The system demonstrates the effectiveness of its monitoring and adjustment strategies, making the dust removal process dynamic and self-optimizing based on subtle changes in flue gas conditions. This significantly improves the accuracy and economy of scale inhibition. The system uses a heat transfer enhancement module to feed back heat transfer efficiency to update the dust removal strategy, ensuring not only stable operation but also efficient and energy-saving operation, directly reducing system operating costs. Furthermore, the intelligent feedback module predicts the remaining lifespan of key components, enabling the system to upgrade from preventative to predictive maintenance, allowing for planned shutdowns and maintenance, avoiding accidents, and maximizing equipment utilization and lifecycle value. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for the anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system applicable to low-flow-rate flue gas in this embodiment.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the real-time acquisition module in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate the direction or positional relationship, are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0020] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system applicable to low-flow-rate flue gas in this embodiment. This invention provides a system for synergistic enhancement of ash accumulation and heat transfer suitable for low-flow-rate flue gas, comprising: The real-time acquisition module is used to acquire low-velocity flue gas data in real time, including ash accumulation data, temperature data, humidity data, and flow rate data. The flue gas pretreatment module is used to pretreat low-flow-rate flue gas based on humidity data, and also to perform secondary pretreatment on low-flow-rate flue gas based on temperature data to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas. The dust accumulation suppression module is used to treat the dust in the pre-treated low-velocity flue gas to obtain low-velocity flue gas after injecting powder-repellent additives. After the low-velocity flue gas after injecting powder-repellent additives undergoes secondary dust treatment through a dust removal strategy, low-adhesion flue gas is obtained. It is also used to acquire dust accumulation data when the low-adhesion flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain surface cleanliness. The cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas is judged based on the surface cleanliness, and the dust treatment process is updated based on the judgment result to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas. It is also used to adjust the judgment result of the cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas based on the flue gas Reynolds value of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas. The heat transfer enhancement module is used to obtain the heat transfer efficiency value, judge the qualification of heat transfer efficiency based on the heat transfer efficiency value, and update the dust removal strategy based on the judgment result. The intelligent feedback module is used to obtain the number of cleaning cycles within a cycle, judge the qualification of cleaning based on the number of cleaning cycles, optimize the dust removal strategy based on the judgment results, and build a life prediction model to obtain the life prediction value, and adjust the qualification of cleaning based on the life prediction value.

[0022] This method is applied to the control terminal of a flow channel through which low-velocity air flows, enabling the sensing of the air's own state and changes in the external flow channel environment, and dynamically adjusting strategies to adapt to these changes. The system collects multi-dimensional data on low-velocity air in real time through a real-time acquisition module, providing a data foundation for decision-making and optimization throughout the system. This transforms traditional experience-based, passive maintenance into a data-driven, proactive sensing model, a prerequisite for system intelligence. The system employs a flue gas pretreatment module for two pretreatment processes: humidity control followed by temperature control. This fundamentally solves the problems of dust adhesion and fusibility, creating stable and ideal operating conditions for subsequent dust accumulation suppression, significantly reducing the risk of dust accumulation at the source. The dust accumulation suppression module executes the most suitable dust removal strategy based on real-time flow rate and can also verify the dust accumulation through surface cleanliness and Reynolds number. The system demonstrates the effectiveness of its monitoring and adjustment strategies, making the dust removal process dynamic and self-optimizing based on subtle changes in flue gas conditions. This significantly improves the accuracy and economy of scale inhibition. The system uses a heat transfer enhancement module to feed back heat transfer efficiency to update the dust removal strategy, ensuring not only stable operation but also efficient and energy-saving operation, directly reducing system operating costs. Furthermore, the intelligent feedback module predicts the remaining lifespan of key components, enabling the system to upgrade from preventative to predictive maintenance, allowing for planned shutdowns and maintenance, avoiding accidents, and maximizing equipment utilization and lifecycle value.

[0023] The real-time acquisition module includes a differential pressure sensor unit, a temperature and humidity sensor unit, and a flow sensor unit, wherein: The differential pressure sensor unit is used to collect the degree of ash accumulation when low-velocity flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain ash accumulation data; The temperature and humidity sensor unit is used to collect temperature and humidity data when low-velocity flue gas flows through the channel; The flow sensor unit is used to collect flow velocity data when low-velocity flue gas flows through the flow channel.

[0024] Specifically, the differential pressure sensor refers to a high-precision differential pressure transmitter installed at both ends of a specific flow channel in the flue gas treatment system, such as a dust collector, heat exchanger, or pipeline. It quantifies and assesses the degree of dust accumulation by monitoring changes in pressure loss along the flow path in real time. The real-time differential pressure data change represents the degree of dust accumulation. The dust accumulation data refers to data on the degree of dust accumulation on the surface of equipment in the flue gas treatment system. The temperature sensor refers to a device that accurately converts the thermal signal (temperature) of the environment or medium into a standardized electrical signal, such as a sensing element for resistance, voltage, or current. Its output signal can be read, recorded, and processed by the control system, thereby achieving real-time, online monitoring of temperature. The humidity sensor refers to a sensing element that accurately converts the water vapor content (relative humidity or absolute humidity) in the environmental medium into a standardized electrical signal. Its output signal can be read, recorded, and processed by the control system, thereby achieving real-time, online monitoring of the moisture content of the flue gas. The flow sensor refers to a sensing element used to accurately measure the volume or mass of fluid flowing through a specific channel per unit time, converting the fluid flow rate into a standardized signal that can be read and processed by the control system.

[0025] This real-time acquisition module, by deploying differential pressure, temperature and humidity, and flow sensor units, constructs a multi-dimensional, high-precision sensing network capable of capturing key parameters reflecting flue gas conditions and ash accumulation in real time. This design represents a fundamental shift from "experience-driven" to "data-driven," providing a reliable data foundation for intelligent decision-making and precise control of all subsequent modules. This ensures the entire system can adaptively optimize based on real-time operating conditions, ultimately significantly improving scale inhibition efficiency, operational stability, and energy efficiency.

[0026] Specifically, the flue gas pretreatment module includes: The humidity control unit compares the humidity data H with the preset maximum humidity H0max and the preset minimum humidity H0min, obtains the humidity level based on the comparison results, and pre-processes the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the humidity level. The temperature control unit compares the temperature data T with the preset temperature T0, obtains the temperature level based on the comparison result, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the temperature level.

[0027] The humidity control unit acquires humidity data H, compares the humidity data H with the preset maximum humidity value H0max and the preset minimum humidity value H0min, obtains the humidity level based on the comparison result, and pre-processes the low-velocity flue gas according to the humidity level: If H > H0max, the humidity control unit outputs the higher humidity in the low-flow-rate flue gas as the humidity level and pre-treats the low-flow-rate flue gas by injecting dry hot air into it. If H0min≤H≤H0max, the humidity control unit will output the humidity level as moderate in the low-flow-rate flue gas and will not process the low-flow-rate flue gas. If H < H0min, the humidity control unit outputs the low humidity level as the humidity level in the low-flow-rate flue gas and pre-treats the low-flow-rate flue gas by injecting a mixture of water vapor and additives into the low-flow-rate flue gas. The temperature regulation unit acquires temperature data T, compares temperature data T with a preset temperature T0, obtains the temperature level based on the comparison result, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the temperature level: If T > T0, the temperature regulation unit outputs the excessively high temperature in the low-flow-rate flue gas as the temperature level, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas: precooling the low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas. If T≤T0, the temperature regulation unit outputs the normal temperature of the low-flow-rate flue gas as the humidity level, without performing secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas, thus obtaining pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas.

[0028] Specifically, the preset maximum humidity refers to the upper limit of relative humidity of flue gas set in the flue gas pretreatment module to avoid the risk of condensation in the system; the preset minimum humidity refers to the lower limit of relative humidity of flue gas set to avoid the risk of condensation in the system; the dry hot air refers to a gas that can dilute the water vapor concentration in the original flue gas and increase the temperature of low-flow-rate flue gas; the water vapor and additive mixture refers to a chemical conditioning medium that can reduce the surface tension of water, allowing it to spread and penetrate better on the surface of hydrophobic dust, such as polyether-modified siloxane surfactants, fluorocarbon nonionic surfactants, and organosilicon composite systems; and the preset temperature refers to a key temperature threshold set in advance in the temperature control logic of the flue gas treatment system to ensure the safety and efficiency of the system.

[0029] This flue gas pretreatment module achieves precise control of the physical properties of low-flow-rate flue gas through two sequential treatments of humidity and temperature. It effectively weakens the electrostatic adsorption of dust and avoids the risk of condensation. Based on temperature data, it stabilizes the flue gas temperature below the dust softening point to prevent enhanced adhesion caused by thermal melting effect. This changes the adhesion characteristics of dust and creates stable and optimized operating conditions for the subsequent dust accumulation suppression module, significantly improving the scale inhibition efficiency and operational reliability of the entire system.

[0030] When the dust suppression module performs dust treatment on the pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas, the dust treatment includes using a rotary whistle-type sound wave generator to perform sound pressure fluctuation on the pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain low-flow-rate flue gas after sound pressure fluctuation, and injecting a powder-repellent additive into the low-flow-rate flue gas after sound pressure fluctuation to obtain low-flow-rate flue gas after injecting the powder-repellent additive. Obtain the velocity data V of the low-velocity flue gas after the injection of the dust-repellent additive. Compare the velocity data V with the preset maximum velocity data Vmax and the preset minimum velocity data Vmin. Determine the dust removal difficulty level based on the comparison results, and output the dust removal strategy according to the dust removal difficulty level. When V < Vmin, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be that the cleaning difficulty of low-flow-rate flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additive is high, and the strong cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. When Vmin≤V≤Vmax, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be moderate for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additives, and the energy-saving cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. When V > Vmax, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be low for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additive, and the auxiliary cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. After injecting a powder-repellent additive, the low-flow-rate flue gas is subjected to secondary dust treatment through a dust removal strategy to obtain low-adhesion flue gas.

[0031] Specifically, the whistle-type sound wave generator refers to a mechanical system composed of a rotor and a stator. Both the rotor and stator have evenly distributed holes. When compressed air drives the rotor to rotate at high speed within the stator, the holes in the rotor periodically align and offset from the holes in the stator, thus mechanically and periodically cutting off and conducting the compressed airflow. This continuous modulation of the airflow generates strong pressure fluctuations in the air, i.e., sound waves. The dust-repellent additive refers to a functional chemical substance used to change the physicochemical properties of the interface, thereby significantly reducing the adhesion tendency between dust particles and between dust and solid surfaces. Examples include organosilicon surfactants and fluorocarbon surfactants. The injection amount of the dust-repellent additive should not exceed 10 ppm; otherwise, excessive injection can easily cause secondary pollution. The preset maximum flow rate data Vmax refers to the upper limit of safe operation of the flue gas flow rate preset in the flow field control logic of the flue gas treatment system. Let the minimum flow rate data Vmin refer to the pre-set safe operating limit of flue gas flow rate in the flow field control logic of the flue gas treatment system. The powerful ash removal strategy refers to an enhanced operating mode activated in the ash accumulation suppression module when the system detects extreme conditions, such as a sharp increase in ash accumulation risk due to excessively low flow rate. This mode aims to completely remove and eliminate structural ash accumulation by maximizing ash removal energy output. The energy-saving ash removal strategy refers to a supportive operating mode activated in the ash accumulation suppression module when the system is in a non-ideal but not critical transitional condition. This mode aims to maintain system stability and prevent ash accumulation development through gentle and continuous intervention. The auxiliary ash removal strategy refers to an optimized ash removal mode activated in the ash accumulation suppression module when the system is in an ideal operating condition. This mode is primarily preventative and has the lowest operating cost. It does not forcefully remove ash accumulation but suppresses the risk of ash accumulation at its inception with minimal energy and material consumption.

[0032] The dust accumulation suppression module acquires dust accumulation data when low-adhesion flue gas flows through the flow channel, obtains surface cleanliness A, compares surface cleanliness A with a preset cleanliness A0, determines the cleanliness level of the low-adhesion flue gas based on the comparison result, and updates the dust treatment process based on the determination result, wherein: When A≥A0, the dust accumulation suppression module determines that the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is good and does not update the dust treatment process; When A < A0, the dust accumulation suppression module determines that the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is poor, and updates the dust treatment process according to the judgment result: acquire the visual image of dust accumulation, perform offline simulation analysis on the visual image of dust accumulation, identify the low-speed zone below the average flow rate, and set the guide plate in the low-speed zone during dust treatment to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas.

[0033] Specifically, the surface cleanliness is used to measure the degree of dust deposition on the surface of specific flow channel equipment through which low-adhesion flue gas flows, such as the heat exchanger tube wall, flue inner wall, and dust collector filter bag. The preset cleanliness refers to the critical threshold set in the dust accumulation suppression module of the flue gas treatment system, which characterizes the maximum allowable degree of dust deposition on the equipment surface. The dust accumulation visual image refers to a digital image or video sequence obtained through optical imaging technology that can intuitively display and quantify the dust deposition status on the equipment surface. The dust accumulation visual image can be obtained through a visual sensor. The offline simulation analysis refers to using historical simulation cases in computational fluid dynamics software to perform computer simulation of flue gas flow in an offline state, thereby predicting and visualizing the areas where dust accumulation is most likely to occur. The low-velocity zone refers to the area in the simulated or measured flow field where the flow velocity is significantly lower than the average flow velocity of the entire flow channel cross section, for example, less than 50% of the average value. The guide plate refers to a plate-shaped structural component installed inside the flow channel to guide, organize, and redistribute airflow to eliminate undesirable flow states such as low-velocity zones and vortices.

[0034] Specifically, the ash accumulation suppression module acquires the flue gas Reynolds data of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas to obtain the flue gas Reynolds value B. It then compares the flue gas Reynolds value B with a preset flue gas Reynolds value B0. Based on the comparison result, it determines the pass / fail status of the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas and adjusts the judgment result on the cleanliness level of the low-adhesion flue gas accordingly. When B < B0, the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas is deemed unqualified, and the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is adjusted from good to poor. When B≥B0, the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas is deemed qualified, and the judgment result of the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is not adjusted.

[0035] Specifically, the flue gas Reynolds data is a dimensionless number used to quantify the flue gas flow state. It reflects the relative magnitude of inertial forces and viscous forces during flue gas flow. Its calculation formula is: B=(ρ×V×F) / μ, where: ρ is the density of flue gas, V is the flow velocity of flue gas, F is the characteristic dimension of the flow channel, such as the inner diameter of a circular pipe or the equivalent diameter of a rectangular pipe, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of flue gas. The preset flue gas Reynolds value refers to the Reynolds number critical threshold that is pre-set in the intelligent control logic of the flue gas treatment system to divide the flow state and guide the ash removal strategy.

[0036] This ash suppression module achieves a leap from static ash removal based on preset rules to dynamic adaptive ash removal based on actual working conditions and cleaning effects. It can not only intelligently select the optimal ash removal strategy according to the real-time flow rate, but also perform dual verification and feedback correction on the treatment effect through surface cleanliness and Reynolds number. This ensures that the system can continuously output truly low-adhesion flue gas and adapt to changes in the flow field, thereby significantly improving the accuracy, reliability and energy efficiency of the scale suppression measures.

[0037] Specifically, the heat transfer enhancement module obtains the heat transfer efficiency of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas, gets a heat transfer efficiency value C, compares the heat transfer efficiency value C with a preset heat transfer efficiency value C0, judges the pass / fail status of the heat transfer efficiency based on the comparison result, and updates the dust removal strategy based on the judgment result: When C≥C0, the heat transfer efficiency is deemed acceptable, and the cleaning strategy is not updated. When C < C0, the heat transfer efficiency is deemed unqualified, and the dust removal strategy is updated: a vortex generator is implanted in the flow channel to increase boundary layer disturbance by inducing microturbulence.

[0038] Specifically, the heat transfer efficiency value refers to the ratio between the actual heat transferred and the theoretically maximum possible heat transfer in a specific heat transfer process, reflecting the operating efficiency and health status of the heat transfer equipment. The preset heat transfer efficiency value refers to the minimum heat transfer coefficient or heat exchange threshold set in advance in the heat transfer enhancement module of the flue gas treatment system, used to judge whether the performance of the heat transfer equipment is qualified, and is a quantitative basis for judging whether the heat transfer surface is clean and whether the operating efficiency meets the standard. The vortex generator is a small turbulence device installed on the surface of the fluid channel. It improves and optimizes the flow state of the boundary layer by controllably inducing vortices of a specific scale in the mainstream. The induced microturbulence refers to the active and controllable generation of a series of small-scale and moderately strong vortices in the mainstream, which may originally be laminar or low-speed, through specific artificially set structures, such as vortex generators and airfoil fins. The boundary layer disturbance refers to the active disturbance of the stable state of the fluid in the boundary layer that is close to the solid wall and whose flow velocity increases sharply from zero to the mainstream velocity.

[0039] This heat transfer enhancement module introduces heat transfer efficiency as a key evaluation indicator, upgrading the dust removal strategy from indirect prevention based on fluid parameters to direct verification and optimization based on system energy efficiency. When the heat transfer efficiency value fails to meet the standard, the system can automatically identify microscopic dust accumulation or surface contamination that conventional dust removal strategies have failed to eliminate, and trigger targeted dust removal strategy updates, thereby ensuring that the system always operates in the optimal energy efficiency state, achieving an upgrade from preventing blockages to ensuring efficient operation and maintenance.

[0040] Specifically, the intelligent feedback module acquires the number of times the low-adhesion flue gas has a poor cleaning level within a cycle, obtaining the number of cleaning times S within the cycle. The number of cleaning times S within the cycle is compared with the preset number of cleaning times S0 within the cycle. Based on the comparison result, the cleaning qualification is judged, and the dust removal strategy is optimized based on the judgment result. When S < S0, the cleaning status is determined to be qualified, and no optimization of the dust removal strategy is performed. When S≥S0, the cleaning condition is judged as unqualified. Pulse airflow is added to assist in dust removal, and nozzles are arranged in the flow channel to inject a mixed airflow of compressed air and dry ice particles into the low-velocity air during the cycle.

[0041] Specifically, the "cleaning frequency within a cycle" refers to the cumulative number of events indicating poor cleanliness of low-adhesion flue gas within a fixed statistical period, such as a production shift or a week, determined by the system based on criteria such as surface cleanliness or heat transfer efficiency. The "preset cleaning frequency within a cycle" refers to the maximum allowed number of "cleanliness failure" events within a specific statistical period, pre-set in the intelligent feedback module of the flue gas treatment system. The "cleanliness qualification" refers to the result obtained by comparing the real-time monitored surface cleanliness with the preset cleanliness threshold within the cycle. The cleanliness level of the air is categorized as either qualified or unqualified. The pulsed airflow-assisted cleaning method is a highly efficient and powerful cleaning method. Specifically, in the dust accumulation suppression module, a high-pressure, short-duration compressed air pulse is released instantaneously to form a high-speed jet airflow that directly impacts the filter bag or equipment surface to remove stubborn dust. The mixed airflow of compressed air and dry ice particles refers to a gas-solid mixture system formed by mixing dry compressed air and dry ice particles in a precise ratio using gas-solid two-phase flow technology. Through the synergistic effect of particle kinetic energy and airflow scouring, the system achieves precise removal of the submicron-level contamination layer on the equipment surface.

[0042] Specifically, the intelligent feedback module acquires flow channel information data and low-velocity flue gas data. Based on this data, it trains a gradient boosting decision tree model. When the training accuracy is greater than or equal to 95%, it outputs a lifetime prediction model, obtaining a lifetime prediction value D. The lifetime prediction value D is compared with a preset lifetime prediction value D0. Based on the comparison result, the lifetime qualification of the portion of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is judged, and the cleanliness qualification is adjusted according to the judgment result. When D > D0, the lifespan of the section of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is deemed unqualified, and the cleanliness qualification is adjusted to cleanliness failure. When D≤D0, the lifespan of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is deemed acceptable, and no adjustment is made to the cleanliness status.

[0043] Specifically, the pipeline information data refers to a multi-dimensional, digital parameter set used in the flue gas treatment system to comprehensively describe and characterize the pipes, channels, and their internal environment that transport flue gas. The gradient boosting decision tree model refers to iteratively training a series of weak decision trees, with each new tree learning the residuals of all previous tree combinations, and finally weighted summing of the prediction results of multiple weak learners to obtain a strong learner. The life prediction model refers to a model constructed by integrating historical equipment operating data, real-time operating parameters, and failure physical mechanisms to quantitatively evaluate and proactively predict the remaining service life of the system or its key components. The life prediction value refers to the remaining available time or number of cycles of the system or its key components from the current moment to the expected failure, calculated and output by the life prediction model. The preset life prediction value refers to the remaining life threshold set in advance in equipment life management to trigger specific maintenance actions.

[0044] This intelligent feedback module integrates short-term operational statistics with long-term lifespan prediction to achieve multi-time-dimensional adaptive optimization of cleaning and maintenance strategies. Based on dynamic statistics of the number of cleaning cycles, the module can promptly diagnose the short-term adaptability of the dust removal strategy and trigger parameter optimization to prevent continuous performance degradation. At the same time, by introducing lifespan prediction values ​​to proactively adjust the cleaning qualification standards, the module can actively relax the cleaning threshold and reduce the dust removal intensity in the early stages of component aging. Under the premise of ensuring basic system safety, it can effectively extend the service life of equipment, thereby achieving the optimal balance between operational reliability and economy on a full lifespan scale.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for synergistic enhancement of ash accumulation and heat transfer suitable for low-velocity flue gas, characterized in that, include: The real-time acquisition module is used to acquire low-velocity flue gas data in real time, including ash accumulation data, temperature data, humidity data, and flow rate data. The flue gas pretreatment module is used to pretreat low-flow-rate flue gas based on humidity data, and also to perform secondary pretreatment on low-flow-rate flue gas based on temperature data to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas. The dust accumulation suppression module is used to treat the dust in the pre-treated low-velocity flue gas to obtain low-velocity flue gas after injecting powder-repellent additives. After the low-velocity flue gas after injecting powder-repellent additives undergoes secondary dust treatment through a dust removal strategy, low-adhesion flue gas is obtained. It is also used to acquire dust accumulation data when the low-adhesion flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain surface cleanliness. The cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas is judged based on the surface cleanliness, and the dust treatment process is updated based on the judgment result to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas. It is also used to adjust the judgment result of the cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas based on the flue gas Reynolds value of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas. The heat transfer enhancement module is used to obtain the heat transfer efficiency value based on the optimized low-adhesion flue gas, judge the qualification of heat transfer efficiency based on the heat transfer efficiency value, and update the dust removal strategy based on the judgment result. The intelligent feedback module is used to obtain the number of cleaning cycles within a cycle, judge the qualification of cleaning based on the number of cleaning cycles, optimize the dust removal strategy based on the judgment results, and build a life prediction model to obtain the life prediction value, and adjust the qualification of cleaning based on the life prediction value.

2. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-flow-rate flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time acquisition module includes a differential pressure sensor unit, a temperature and humidity sensor unit, and a flow sensor unit, wherein: The differential pressure sensor unit is used to collect the degree of ash accumulation when low-velocity flue gas flows through the flow channel to obtain ash accumulation data; The temperature and humidity sensor unit is used to collect temperature and humidity data when low-velocity flue gas flows through the channel; The flow sensor unit is used to collect flow velocity data when low-velocity flue gas flows through the flow channel.

3. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-flow-rate flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas pretreatment module includes: The humidity control unit compares the humidity data H with the preset maximum humidity H0max and the preset minimum humidity H0min, obtains the humidity level based on the comparison results, and pre-processes the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the humidity level. The temperature control unit compares the temperature data T with the preset temperature T0, obtains the temperature level based on the comparison result, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the temperature level.

4. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-flow-rate flue gas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The humidity control unit acquires humidity data H, compares the humidity data H with the preset maximum humidity value H0max and the preset minimum humidity value H0min, obtains the humidity level based on the comparison result, and pre-processes the low-velocity flue gas according to the humidity level: If H > H0max, the humidity control unit outputs the higher humidity in the low-flow-rate flue gas as the humidity level and pre-treats the low-flow-rate flue gas by injecting dry hot air into it. If H0min≤H≤H0max, the humidity control unit will output the humidity level as moderate in the low-flow-rate flue gas and will not process the low-flow-rate flue gas. If H < H0min, the humidity control unit outputs the low humidity level as the humidity level in the low-flow-rate flue gas and pre-treats the low-flow-rate flue gas by injecting a mixture of water vapor and additives into the low-flow-rate flue gas. The temperature regulation unit acquires temperature data T, compares temperature data T with a preset temperature T0, obtains the temperature level based on the comparison result, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas according to the temperature level: If T > T0, the temperature regulation unit outputs the excessively high temperature in the low-flow-rate flue gas as the temperature level, and performs secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas: precooling the low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas. If T≤T0, the temperature regulation unit outputs the normal temperature of the low-flow-rate flue gas as the humidity level, without performing secondary pretreatment on the low-flow-rate flue gas, thus obtaining pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas.

5. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-velocity flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the dust suppression module performs dust treatment on the pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas, the dust treatment includes using a rotary whistle-type sound wave generator to perform sound pressure fluctuation on the pretreated low-flow-rate flue gas to obtain low-flow-rate flue gas after sound pressure fluctuation, and injecting a powder-repellent additive into the low-flow-rate flue gas after sound pressure fluctuation to obtain low-flow-rate flue gas after injecting the powder-repellent additive. Obtain the velocity data V of the low-velocity flue gas after the injection of the dust-repellent additive. Compare the velocity data V with the preset maximum velocity data Vmax and the preset minimum velocity data Vmin. Determine the dust removal difficulty level based on the comparison results, and output the dust removal strategy according to the dust removal difficulty level. When V < Vmin, the difficulty level of cleaning is determined to be high for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additive. Therefore, the strong cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. When Vmin≤V≤Vmax, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be moderate for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additives, and the energy-saving cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. When V > Vmax, the cleaning difficulty level is determined to be low for low-velocity flue gas after the injection of powder-repellent additive, and the auxiliary cleaning strategy is output as the cleaning strategy. After injecting a powder-repellent additive, the low-flow-rate flue gas is subjected to secondary dust treatment through a dust removal strategy to obtain low-adhesion flue gas.

6. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-flow-rate flue gas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dust accumulation suppression module acquires dust accumulation data when low-adhesion flue gas flows through the flow channel, obtains surface cleanliness A, compares surface cleanliness A with a preset cleanliness A0, determines the cleanliness level of the low-adhesion flue gas based on the comparison result, and updates the dust treatment process based on the determination result, wherein: When A≥A0, the dust accumulation suppression module determines that the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is good and does not update the dust treatment process; When A < A0, the dust accumulation suppression module determines that the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is poor, and updates the dust treatment process according to the judgment result: acquire the visual image of dust accumulation, perform offline simulation analysis on the visual image of dust accumulation, identify the low-speed zone below the average flow rate, and set the guide plate in the low-speed zone during dust treatment to obtain optimized low-adhesion flue gas.

7. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-velocity flue gas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ash accumulation suppression module acquires the flue gas Reynolds data of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas to obtain the flue gas Reynolds value B. It then compares the flue gas Reynolds value B with the preset flue gas Reynolds value B0. Based on the comparison result, it determines the qualification of the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas and adjusts the judgment result of the cleanliness degree of the low-adhesion flue gas accordingly. When B < B0, the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas is deemed unqualified, and the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is adjusted from good to poor. When B≥B0, the flow state of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas is deemed qualified, and the judgment result of the cleanliness of the low-adhesion flue gas is not adjusted.

8. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-flow-rate flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat transfer enhancement module obtains the heat transfer efficiency of the optimized low-adhesion flue gas, and gets a heat transfer efficiency value C. The heat transfer efficiency value C is compared with a preset heat transfer efficiency value C0. Based on the comparison result, the pass / fail status of the heat transfer efficiency is judged, and the dust removal strategy is updated according to the judgment result. When C≥C0, the heat transfer efficiency is deemed acceptable, and the cleaning strategy is not updated. When C < C0, the heat transfer efficiency is deemed unqualified, and the dust removal strategy is updated: a vortex generator is implanted in the flow channel to increase boundary layer disturbance by inducing microturbulence.

9. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-flow-rate flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent feedback module acquires the number of times the low-adhesion flue gas has a poor cleaning level within a cycle, obtaining the cleaning count S within the cycle. The cleaning count S within the cycle is compared with the preset cleaning count S0 within the cycle. Based on the comparison result, the cleaning qualification is judged, and the dust removal strategy is optimized according to the judgment result. When S < S0, the cleaning status is determined to be qualified, and no optimization of the dust removal strategy is performed. When S≥S0, the cleaning condition is judged as unqualified. Pulse airflow is added to assist in dust removal. Nozzles are arranged in the flow channel to inject a mixed airflow of compressed air and dry ice particles into the low-velocity air during the cycle.

10. The anti-ash accumulation and heat transfer synergistic enhancement system for low-velocity flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent feedback module acquires flow channel information data and low-velocity flue gas data. Based on this data, it trains a gradient boosting decision tree model. When the training accuracy is greater than or equal to 95%, it outputs a lifetime prediction model, obtaining a lifetime prediction value D. The lifetime prediction value D is compared with a preset lifetime prediction value D0. Based on the comparison result, the lifetime qualification of the portion of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is judged, and the cleanliness qualification is adjusted according to the judgment result. When D > D0, the lifespan of the section of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is deemed unqualified, and the cleanliness qualification is adjusted to cleanliness failure. When D≤D0, the lifespan of the flow channel through which the low-velocity flue gas flows is deemed acceptable, and no adjustment is made to the cleanliness status.

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