Preparation method and application of high-performance heat-insulating flame-retardant aerogel fiber membrane
The Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel fiber membrane, constructed by electrospinning technology and asymmetric electric field self-assembly, solves the problems of brittleness and high-temperature instability of ceramic aerogels, achieving wide-temperature-range flexibility and high-efficiency thermal insulation, and is suitable for multiple high-temperature environment applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional ceramic aerogels suffer from brittleness and structural instability during preparation, and are prone to introducing impurities during the preparation process, leading to degradation of high-temperature performance and limiting their application in environments requiring flexibility and high temperatures.
Electrospinning solution was prepared using electrospinning technology. By adjusting the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate and inducing three-dimensional self-assembly with an asymmetric electric field, an Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel fiber membrane with a 'vine-like' mechanical interlocking structure was constructed, avoiding exogenous acid catalysis and achieving flexibility and structural stability.
The prepared aerogel fiber membrane exhibits excellent flexibility and flame retardancy over an extremely wide temperature range, can withstand multiple mechanical cycles, and maintains structural integrity and thermal insulation performance at high temperatures, making it suitable for human thermal protection, battery thermal management, and aerospace applications.
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Figure CN121653902A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of functional fiber composite materials technology; in particular, it relates to a method for preparing and applying a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane. Background Technology
[0002] Aerogels are considered ideal thermal insulation materials due to their ultra-low density, high porosity, and extremely low thermal conductivity. Among them, ceramic aerogels, such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and their composites, exhibit superior stability at high temperatures compared to polymer aerogels. Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2), as an important high-temperature ceramic phase, possesses a high melting point, excellent thermal stability, a moderate coefficient of thermal expansion, and good corrosion resistance, making it an ideal material for preparing ultra-high temperature insulating aerogels.
[0003] However, the preparation and application of traditional ceramic aerogels, especially mullite aerogels, face two major technical bottlenecks:
[0004] First, there is the inherent brittleness and structural instability. Traditional bulk ceramic aerogels are composed of stacked nanoparticles, and their three-dimensional network structure is highly susceptible to brittle fracture under mechanical stress, making them unable to withstand bending, compression, or vibration loads. This severely limits their application in scenarios requiring a certain degree of flexibility (such as wearable thermal protective clothing and thermal management of flexible electronic devices). Although the toughness can be improved to some extent by introducing organic binders or fiber reinforcements, this often comes at the cost of sacrificing high-temperature resistance or increasing density.
[0005] Second, the formation of impurity phases and performance degradation during the preparation process. Aerogel preparation often involves adjusting the pH of the solution through acid or alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis to optimize the crosslinking density. However, this can easily introduce impurities, leading to the precipitation of impurity phases and grain boundary corrosion at high temperatures. This not only reduces the purity of the material but also exacerbates its macroscopic brittleness, resulting in a decline in high-temperature performance.
[0006] Given the shortcomings of the existing technologies, there is an urgent need for a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing and applying a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane.
[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0009] This invention relates to a method for preparing a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, comprising the following steps:
[0010] Step 1, preparation of electrospinning solution; wherein, the electrospinning solution is composed of the following components in the indicated mass percentages: aluminum chloride hexahydrate 5-10%, aluminum isopropoxide 10-20%, tetraethyl orthosilicate 5-15%, polyethylene oxide 0.5-1%, and the balance being an ethanol-water mixed solvent.
[0011] Step 2, Preparation of electrospun fiber membrane;
[0012] Step 3, Preparation of aerogel fiber membrane.
[0013] Preferably, in step 1, the specific steps for preparing the electrospinning solution are as follows:
[0014] (1.1) Prepare each component according to the following mass percentages: 5-10% aluminum chloride hexahydrate, 10-20% aluminum isopropoxide, 5-15% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 0.5-1% polyethylene oxide, and the balance is an ethanol-water mixed solvent;
[0015] (1.2) Add aluminum chloride hexahydrate and aluminum isopropoxide to an ethanol-water mixed solvent and stir magnetically for 30-60 minutes until completely dissolved;
[0016] (1.3) Add polyethylene oxide to the solution obtained in (1.2) and stir for 5 to 10 minutes until homogeneous;
[0017] (1.4) Add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise and stir at room temperature for 4–8 hours. During this process, utilize the in-situ H+ generated by the hydrolysis of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and aluminum isopropoxide. + The synergistic effect with the slow-release hydroxyl groups effectively promotes Al-O-Si bonding and inhibits the formation of impurity phases such as α-Al2O3 and cristobalite, ultimately forming a uniform and stable transparent sol, which is the electrospinning solution. This method avoids the high-temperature grain boundary corrosion and performance degradation caused by traditional exogenous acids. By controlling the jet conductivity and gelation rate through the concentration gradient of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and synergistically inducing three-dimensional confined self-assembly of electrospinning by asymmetric electric field, a three-dimensional nanofiber Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel with "vine-like" mechanical interlocking is constructed. This structure is the key to the material's excellent flexibility and structural stability.
[0018] Preferably, the mass ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol-water mixed solvent is 3 to 0.3:1.
[0019] Preferably, in step 2, the specific steps for preparing the electrospun fiber membrane are as follows:
[0020] The electrospinning solution obtained in step 1 is injected into a syringe to perform electrospinning, thereby obtaining an electrospinned fiber membrane.
[0021] The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: positive voltage 8-20kV, negative voltage 2-8kV, feed speed 0.5-5mL / h, distance between needle and roller receiving device 15-30cm, ambient humidity ≤40%, and room temperature.
[0022] The above spinning process is carried out under the condition of setting positive and negative voltages to form an asymmetric electric field. By precisely controlling the spinning parameters, including voltage, propulsion speed, and receiving distance, the electric field force is used to induce the three-dimensional self-assembly of sol droplets, and a flexible fiber membrane with a "vine-like" mechanical interlocking structure is directly collected.
[0023] Preferably, the electrospinning machine used for electrospinning is a roller-type electrospinning machine.
[0024] Preferably, the syringe is a disposable medical syringe with a metal needle weighing 18G to 22G.
[0025] Preferably, in step 3, the preparation of the aerogel fiber membrane specifically involves:
[0026] The electrospun fiber membrane obtained in step 2 was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined in air for two steps, followed by cooling, as follows:
[0027] (3.1) First step of calcination: Heat to 800-1400℃ at a rate of 3-10℃ / min and hold for 30min-2h;
[0028] (3.2) Second step calcination: Continue to heat to 1000-1600℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, and hold for 30min-2h;
[0029] (3.3) Cooling stage: The temperature is programmed to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel fiber membrane with a "vine-like" mechanical interlocking structure.
[0030] The present invention also relates to the application of the aforementioned high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane in the fields of human thermal protection, battery thermal management and aerospace.
[0031] The present invention has the following advantages:
[0032] (1) This invention optimizes the solution conductivity and gelation behavior by adjusting the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate and combines it with asymmetric electric field-induced three-dimensional self-assembly to construct an Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel fiber membrane with a unique "vine-like" mechanical interlocking structure. This invention breaks through the bottleneck of the intrinsic brittleness and high-temperature structural instability of traditional ceramic aerogels by using asymmetric electric field self-assembly technology without external acid catalysis. The prepared fiber membrane has wide temperature range flexibility, ultra-low thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy, and can be widely used in fields such as human thermal protection, power battery thermal management and aerospace thermal protection.
[0033] (2) The high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane prepared by the method of this invention has ultra-wide temperature range mechanical flexibility: it exhibits excellent flexibility in an extremely wide temperature range of -196 to 1500℃, and can withstand 1000 compression cycles and thousands of tensile cycles at 60% strain, and fully rebounds after 85% compression deformation; it has extreme thermal stability and flame retardancy, and can still maintain structural integrity and withstand thousands of compression cycles after being burned with a butane torch at 1300℃ for 5 hours, exhibiting excellent fire-retardant performance; it has high thermal insulation, with a room temperature thermal conductivity as low as 0.0315 W·m. -1 K -1 It has excellent gradient insulation capabilities.
[0034] (3) The high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane prepared by the method of the present invention has important application value in human thermal protection, battery thermal management and aerospace fields. Attached Figure Description
[0035] Figure 1 Flowchart for the preparation of high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membranes;
[0036] Figure 2 Image of a fiber membrane sample;
[0037] Figure 3 The images show the SEM characterization results of the fiber membrane and the fiber diameter distribution.
[0038] Figure 4 SEM characterization results and fiber diameter distribution of the aerogel fiber membrane obtained by calcination at 1300℃;
[0039] Figure 5 Images of aerogel fiber membrane samples at different calcination temperatures;
[0040] Figure 6 The figures show the XRD characterization results of aerogel fiber membranes at different calcination temperatures.
[0041] Figure 7 The XRD characterization results of aerogel fiber membranes at different oxalic acid concentrations are shown in the figure.
[0042] Figure 8Tensile stress-strain curves of aerogel fiber membranes at different oxalic acid concentrations;
[0043] Figure 9 The images show the SEM characterization results of aerogel fiber membranes at different oxalic acid concentrations.
[0044] Figure 10 The images show the SEM characterization results of aerogel fiber membranes with different tetraethyl orthosilicate concentrations.
[0045] Figure 11 SEM image of an aerogel fiber membrane with a "vine-like" mechanical interlocking structure obtained by adjusting the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate;
[0046] Figure 12 Images from an experiment demonstrating thermal protection against butane burns to the human body using an aerogel fiber membrane. Detailed Implementation
[0047] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely further illustrations of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0048] Example 1
[0049] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:
[0050] (1) The preparation of the electrospinning solution was completed at room temperature: 5g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 10g of aluminum isopropoxide were weighed and ground in an agate mortar. The mixture was then transferred to a 100mL beaker, and 25g of purified water and 25g of ethanol were added sequentially. The beaker was placed on a magnetic stirring table at 520rpm and stirred. After stirring for 30min, 0.45g of polyethylene oxide was added, and stirring was continued for 5min. Subsequently, 7mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate was slowly added dropwise, and stirring was continued for 8h to obtain a uniform and transparent electrospinning solution.
[0051] (2) Draw the above electrospinning solution into a 10mL syringe and place it on the spinning machine. Set the electrospinning parameters as follows: feed speed 5mL / min, drum speed 150rpm / min, positive voltage 12kV, negative voltage 2kV, humidity 40%, 21G needle, and needle-to-drum distance 22cm. Perform electrospinning under the above conditions. The resulting fiber membrane is collected on the aluminum foil covering the drum. Peel off the aluminum foil to obtain the following: Figure 2 The fiber membrane shown.
[0052] (3) The fiber membrane was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined in an air atmosphere. The calcination was divided into two stages: the temperature was rapidly increased to the set temperature of 1100℃ at a rate of 8℃ / min and held for 1 hour. Then the temperature was slowly increased to the set temperature of 1300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 1 hour. The temperature was then programmed to decrease to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain the aerogel fiber membrane.
[0053] (4) SEM observation showed that the morphology of the fibers was not significantly affected after calcination. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown.
[0054] Example 2
[0055] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0056] The process of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the calcination temperature is different.
[0057] (1) Weigh 5g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 10g of aluminum isopropoxide and grind them together in an agate mortar. Transfer the mixture to a 100mL beaker and add 25g of purified water and 25g of ethanol. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer at 520rpm and stir. After stirring for 30min, add 0.45g of polyethylene oxide and continue stirring for 5min. Then, slowly add 7mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate and continue stirring for 8h to obtain a uniform and transparent electrospinning solution.
[0058] (2) Draw the above electrospinning solution into a 10 mL syringe and place it on the spinning machine. Set the electrospinning parameters as follows: feed speed 5 mL / min, drum speed 150 rpm / min, positive voltage 12 kV, negative voltage 2 kV, humidity 40%, needle 21G, and needle-to-drum distance 22 cm. Perform electrospinning under the above conditions. The resulting fiber membrane is collected on the aluminum foil covering the drum. Peel off the aluminum foil to obtain the fiber membrane. See [link to documentation]. Figure 2 As shown;
[0059] (3) The fiber membrane was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined in an air atmosphere, with multiple target temperatures set. The first-stage calcination temperatures were adjusted to 800℃, 900℃, 1000℃, 1100℃, 1200℃, 1300℃, and 1400℃. The corresponding final target temperatures for the second-stage calcination were set to 1000℃, 1100℃, 1200℃, 1300℃, 1400℃, 1500℃, and 1600℃.
[0060] Calcination was divided into two stages: In the first stage, the temperature was rapidly increased to the set target temperature at a rate of 8℃ / min and held for 1 hour. In the second stage, the temperature was slowly increased to the set target temperature at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 1 hour, followed by a programmed cooling down to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, and then cooled to room temperature in the furnace, yielding a series of aerogel fiber membranes. (See...) Figure 5 As shown;
[0061] (4) Figure 6 The XRD characterization shown indicates that the crystallinity of the sample increases with increasing calcination temperature, and it exhibits a single mullite crystalline phase at all temperatures (PDF#15-0776) without any impurity phase precipitation.
[0062] Example 3
[0063] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0064] The experimental procedure in this embodiment is the same as in Example 1, except that the concentration of oxalic acid added is different.
[0065] (1) Weigh 5g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 10g of aluminum isopropoxide and grind them together in an agate mortar. Transfer the mixture to a 100mL beaker and add 25g of purified water and 25g of ethanol. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer at 520rpm and stir. After stirring for 30min, add 0.45g of polyethylene oxide and continue stirring for 5min. Then add oxalic acid of different concentrations, namely 0, 0.17wt%, 0.34wt%, and 0.51wt%. Subsequently, slowly add 7mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate and continue stirring for 8h to obtain a uniform and transparent electrospinning solution.
[0066] (2) Using a 10 mL syringe, draw up the electrospinning solutions with different oxalic acid concentrations and place them on a spinning machine for spinning. Set the electrospinning parameters as follows: feed speed 5 mL / min, drum speed 150 rpm / min, positive voltage 12 kV, negative voltage 2 kV, humidity 40%, needle 21G, and distance from needle to drum 22 cm. Perform electrospinning under the above conditions, and collect the resulting fiber membrane on the aluminum foil covering the drum. Peel off the aluminum foil to obtain the fiber membrane.
[0067] (3) The fiber membrane was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined in an air atmosphere. The calcination was divided into two stages: the temperature was rapidly increased to the set temperature of 1100℃ at a rate of 8℃ / min and held for 1 hour. Then the temperature was slowly increased to the set temperature of 1300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 1 hour. The temperature was then programmed to decrease to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain the aerogel fiber membrane.
[0068] (4) XRD characterization of aerogel fiber membranes prepared under different oxalic acid concentrations is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, without the addition of oxalic acid, XRD characterization detected only a single mullite crystalline phase (PDF#15-0776, 3Al2O3·SiO2). However, with the addition of oxalic acid, in addition to the characteristic peaks of mullite, characteristic peaks of α-Al2O3 (PDF#35-0121) and cristobalite SiO2 (PDF#82-1575) appeared simultaneously in the XRD spectrum. Figure 8 The mechanical property tests shown indicate that the mechanical properties of the aerogel fiber membrane decrease as the concentration of added oxalic acid increases. Figure 9 SEM results showed that the introduction of oxalic acid led to increased fiber surface roughness and more defects, which became crack sources, explaining the reason for its performance degradation.
[0069] Example 4
[0070] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0071] The experimental procedure in this embodiment is the same as in Example 1, except that the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate added is different.
[0072] (1) The preparation of the electrospinning solution was carried out at room temperature. 5g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 10g of aluminum isopropoxide were weighed and ground in an agate mortar. The mixture was then transferred to a 100mL beaker, and 25g of purified water and 25g of ethanol were added sequentially. The beaker was placed on a magnetic stirrer at 520rpm and stirred. After stirring for 30min, 0.45g of polyethylene oxide was added and stirring was continued for 5min. Subsequently, different concentrations of tetraethyl orthosilicate, namely 0.7wt%, 1.4wt%, 2.1wt%, and 2.8wt%, were slowly added dropwise, and stirring was continued for 8h to obtain a uniform and transparent electrospinning solution.
[0073] (2) Using a 10 mL syringe, draw up the electrospinning solutions with different tetraethyl orthosilicate concentrations and place them on a spinning machine for spinning. Set the electrospinning parameters as follows: feed speed 5 mL / min, drum speed 150 rpm / min, positive voltage 12 kV, negative voltage 2 kV, humidity 40%, needle 21 G, and distance from needle to drum 22 cm. Perform electrospinning under the above conditions, and collect the resulting fiber membrane on the aluminum foil covering the drum. Peel off the aluminum foil to obtain the fiber membrane.
[0074] (3) The fiber membrane was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined in an air atmosphere. The calcination was divided into two stages: the temperature was rapidly increased to the set temperature of 1100℃ at a rate of 8℃ / min and held for 1 hour. Then the temperature was slowly increased to the set temperature of 1300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 1 hour. The temperature was then programmed to decrease to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and cooled to room temperature in the furnace to obtain the aerogel fiber membrane.
[0075] (4) Figure 10 SEM characterization results showed that as the tetraethyl orthosilicate concentration increased to 2.8 wt%, the degree of entanglement of the fibers significantly increased; see Figure 11 As shown, with the increase of tetraethyl orthosilicate concentration, the gelation degree and conductivity of the jet increase simultaneously. The electric field drives the jet to fully whip and entangle, forming cross-links and constituting a mechanically interlocking structure of "vine entanglement". Figure 12 The demonstration showed that a 1 cm thick aerogel fiber membrane prepared by this method, when used for thermal protection against butane burns at 1300°C, could prevent burns to the human body within 25 seconds. This proves its great application potential in the field of extreme heat protection.
[0076] In summary, this invention optimizes the solution conductivity and gelation behavior by adjusting the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate and combines it with asymmetric electric field-induced three-dimensional self-assembly to construct an Al2O3-SiO2 aerogel fiber membrane with a unique "vine-like" mechanical interlocking structure. This invention overcomes the bottlenecks of intrinsic brittleness and high-temperature structural instability of traditional ceramic aerogels through asymmetric electric field self-assembly technology without exogenous acid catalysis. The prepared fiber membrane has wide-temperature-range flexibility, ultra-low thermal conductivity, and intrinsic flame retardancy, and can be widely used in fields such as human thermal protection, power battery thermal management, and aerospace thermal protection. The high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane prepared by the method of this invention possesses ultra-wide temperature range mechanical flexibility: it exhibits excellent flexibility over an extremely wide temperature range of -196 to 1500℃, capable of withstanding 1000 compression cycles and thousands of tensile cycles at 60% strain, and fully rebounds after 85% compression deformation; it also demonstrates extreme thermal stability and flame retardancy, maintaining structural integrity and withstanding thousands of compression cycles even after being burned with a butane torch at 1300℃ for 5 hours, exhibiting outstanding fire-retardant performance; and it possesses highly efficient heat insulation, with a room temperature thermal conductivity as low as 0.0315 W·m. -1 K -1 It has excellent gradient insulation capabilities.
[0077] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, preparation of electrospinning solution; wherein, the electrospinning solution is composed of the following components in the indicated mass percentages: aluminum chloride hexahydrate 5-10%, aluminum isopropoxide 10-20%, tetraethyl orthosilicate 5-15%, polyethylene oxide 0.5-1%, and the balance being an ethanol-water mixed solvent. Step 2, Preparation of electrospun fiber membrane; Step 3, Preparation of aerogel fiber membrane.
2. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the specific steps for preparing the electrospinning solution are as follows: (1.1) Prepare each component according to the following mass percentages: 5-10% aluminum chloride hexahydrate, 10-20% aluminum isopropoxide, 5-15% tetraethyl orthosilicate, 0.5-1% polyethylene oxide, and the balance is an ethanol-water mixed solvent; (1.2) Add aluminum chloride hexahydrate and aluminum isopropoxide to an ethanol-water mixed solvent and stir magnetically for 30-60 minutes until completely dissolved; (1.3) Add polyethylene oxide to the solution obtained in (1.2) and stir for 5 to 10 minutes until homogeneous; (1.4) Add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise and stir at room temperature for 4 to 8 hours until a uniform transparent sol is formed, which is the electrospinning solution.
3. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol-water mixed solvent is 3 to 0.3:
1.
4. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the specific steps for preparing the electrospun fiber membrane are as follows: The electrospinning solution obtained in step 1 is injected into a syringe to perform electrospinning, thereby obtaining an electrospinned fiber membrane. The electrospinning process parameters are as follows: positive voltage 8-20kV, negative voltage 2-8kV, feed speed 0.5-5mL / h, distance between needle and roller receiving device 15-30cm, ambient humidity ≤40%, and room temperature.
5. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The electrospinning machine used for electrospinning is a roller-type electrospinning machine.
6. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The syringe is a disposable medical syringe with a metal needle weighing 18G to 22G.
7. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the preparation of the aerogel fiber membrane specifically involves: The electrospun fiber membrane obtained in step 2 was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined in air for two steps, followed by cooling, as follows: (3.1) First step of calcination: Heat to 800-1400℃ at a rate of 3-10℃ / min and hold for 30min-2h; (3.2) Second step calcination: Continue to heat to 1000-1600℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min, and hold for 30min-2h; (3.3) Cooling stage: The temperature is programmed to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an aerogel fiber membrane.
8. An application of a high-performance heat-insulating and flame-retardant gel fiber membrane, characterized in that, Applications in human thermal protection, battery thermal management, and aerospace.