Construction method for long-distance translation and graded jacking of shield tunneling machine in underground space

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction method for long-distance translation and grading jacking of a shield tunneling machine in an underground space. The construction method comprises the following steps that a shield tunneling machine assembling platform is erected, concrete is backfilled, and steel plates are laid; hoisting the translation bracket, and assembling the shield tunneling machine in a well; the shield tunneling machine is translated to the inlet position of the starting section until the translation bracket and a starting bracket on the starting section are located on the same straight line; the shield tunneling machine and the translation bracket are jacked to the elevation of the slip plane of the starting section; the shield tunneling machine is horizontally pushed and transferred to the starting bracket from the translation bracket, and then in-hole assembly of the shield tunneling machine is carried out; enabling the shield tunneling machine main body to translate towards the starting end; and the shield tunneling machine is jacked through the jack, the hole entering posture is adjusted after the shield tunneling machine is jacked in place, and translation jacking operation is completed. The problems of limited operation space, long translation distance, large-height jacking and the like can be effectively solved, the translation jacking efficiency of the shield tunneling machine can be effectively improved, the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a method for long-distance translation and staged jacking construction of a tunnel boring machine in underground space. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban subway construction in my country, shield tunneling in core urban areas often faces challenges such as limited construction sites, necessitating the commencement of excavation from underground tunnels. After the shield machine is hoisted from the lateral shaft into the underground tunnel, it often requires translation and jacking before reaching the starting end. Compared with conventional processes, long-distance translation and high-height jacking within the underground tunnel present the following difficulties: First, the shield machine is heavy and has a high center of gravity, posing a high risk of instability and overturning, as well as excessive deformation of the support structure during long-distance translation and high-height jacking; second, the harsh environmental conditions within the underground tunnel make conventional equipment less suitable for the translation and jacking of large-volume shield machines; and third, the numerous procedures and strict error control can easily cause the shield machine to deviate from the predetermined axis, affecting the starting accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a method for long-distance translation and staged jacking construction of tunnel boring machines in underground spaces, which can effectively solve problems such as limited working space, long translation distance, and large-height jacking. It can effectively improve the translation and jacking efficiency of tunnel boring machines, shorten the construction period, and reduce construction costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for long-distance translation and staged jacking construction of a tunnel boring machine in underground space, comprising the following steps: Erecting the shield tunneling machine assembly platform, backfilling concrete, and laying steel plates; The translation bracket is hoisted and the tunnel boring machine is lowered into the shaft for assembly, so that the tunnel boring machine is fixedly connected to the translation bracket; Grease is applied to the steel plate, and load-bearing jacks for supporting the back jacks are welded onto the steel plate. The tunnel boring machine is then pushed by the jacks against the translation bracket, and the tunnel boring machine assembly platform is moved to the entrance position of the starting section on the cross passage. Supported by the side wall of the transverse passage, the tunnel boring machine is moved towards the entrance of the launching section by pushing the translation bracket with jacks until the translation bracket and the launching bracket on the launching section are on the same straight line. The tunnel boring machine and its translation support frame are lifted from the sliding surface of the transverse passage to the elevation of the sliding surface of the starting section; The tunnel boring machine is moved horizontally from the translation support to the launching support using jacks; The shield machine body, together with the launching support, is moved horizontally toward the launching end on the steel plate of the launching section; After being moved into position, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and its launching support are lifted using jacks, so that the TBM is lifted from the sliding surface of the launching section to the launching end of the TBM. After being lifted into position, the TBM's entry posture is adjusted to complete the translation and lifting operation.

[0005] In an optional embodiment, the tunnel boring machine assembly platform is located at the bottom of the launching shaft and includes fixed columns, main beams, secondary beams, and diagonal braces, with the diagonal braces installed between the fixed columns; The main beam includes an I-beam connected to the top of the fixed column, the secondary beam is connected between the webs of the main beam, and the steel plate is laid on the main beam; After constructing the columns of the shield machine assembly platform in the launching shaft, backfill with concrete, process the shield machine assembly platform, backfill with concrete in the cross passage and launching section, and lay steel plates on the main beam, cross passage and launching section backfill with concrete after the backfill is completed. The steel plates are fixed by reinforcing bars on the base plates on both sides. Adjacent steel plates are welded together and the welds are ground smooth to form a smooth translation surface. The grease is applied to the translation surface.

[0006] In an optional implementation, the translation bracket is hoisted onto the steel plate of the tunnel boring machine assembly platform, and then the various sections of the tunnel boring machine are assembled on the translation bracket. Welded steel plates are used to fix the translation bracket to the tunnel boring machine. The jacks include hydraulic jacks, the hydraulic cylinders of which are in close contact with the load-bearing jacks, and limiting columns are welded on both sides of the jacks. After the effective stroke of a hydraulic jack is completed, the hydraulic cylinders of the jacks are depressurized and retracted, the next load-bearing jack is welded, and the previous load-bearing jack and limiting columns are cut and removed. In this way, the tunnel boring machine is gradually moved to the entrance position of the starting section by pushing the translation bracket. After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is moved from the TBM assembly platform to the entrance of the starting section, the side wall of the transverse passage serves as the back support for the hydraulic jacks. The hydraulic jacks push the translation bracket, moving the TBM and the translation bracket towards the entrance of the starting section. This ensures that the end of the translation bracket facing the entrance of the starting section is kept at a distance from the other side wall of the transverse passage, completing the first translation.

[0007] In an optional implementation, after the first translation is completed, the first lifting is performed from the sliding surface of the transverse channel to the sliding surface of the starting section. During the jacking process, multiple support brackets are welded on both sides of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) to support the TBM and the translation bracket. During the jacking process, multiple hydraulic pump stations are used to control multiple hydraulic jacks to lift simultaneously, supporting the support brackets to lift the TBM and the translation bracket as a whole in stages. After each stage is lifted to the position, support components are promptly placed under the translation bracket for support, and diagonal scissor braces and horizontal braces are set between the support components. The upper and lower support components are connected by bolts, and the support components on both sides of the sliding bracket are connected by horizontal crossbars. Crossbars and diagonal braces are set between the support components on the same side.

[0008] In an optional implementation, jack supports, jack blocks, and shield blocks are made of structural steel and steel plates, depending on the height of each stage of jacking. Before the first jacking operation, the bottom of the jack support was welded and reinforced to the bottom steel plate, and then the jack and jack stop block were installed. Each jack needs to be equipped with 4 jack stops around its perimeter and welded tightly to the jack support. At the same time, the bottom of the jack stops should be firmly welded to the steel plate, and the top of the jack stops should be no less than two-thirds of the height of the jack cylinder. Install shield blocks near the brackets on both sides of the shield body. After the first stage of jacking is completed, remove the original shield blocks and install shield blocks that are suitable for the next jacking height. After each stage of jacking, new jack supports are placed under the jacks under the support of the translation bracket and support components. After the new jack supports are placed, new jack stops are added on the original jack stops to ensure the safety and stability of subsequent jacking.

[0009] In an optional implementation, after the translation bracket and the tunnel boring machine are lifted to the sliding surface of the starting section, a second translation is performed. The starting bracket is welded to the steel column and the steel column is welded to the steel plate at the bottom of the sliding surface of the starting section. At the same time, double steel sections are used for support and reinforcement at the side of the starting bracket near the starting tunnel opening. Remove the jacks, jack supports, jack blocks, and shield blocks used during the first jacking operation. Weld columns and outriggers on both sides of the translation bracket. At the same time, fill the gap between the side end of the translation bracket near the inlet of the launching section and the launching bracket with steel plates and spot weld them.

[0010] In an optional implementation, multiple triangular brackets are made of steel profiles, and the triangular brackets are welded to the translation bracket support, the translation bracket and the cross passage side wall support steel plate. A steel plate is laid on top of the triangular brackets to serve as a jack platform. The jack is equipped with a rear support component, which is made of steel profiles. One side is welded to the steel plate supporting the side wall of the cross passage, and the other side is attached to the jack. Limiting columns are installed on both sides of the rear support of the jack, with a spacing of not less than 50 cm and not less than 2 columns. A steel diagonal brace is installed above the rear support of the jack. One end of the steel diagonal brace is welded to the steel plate supporting the side wall of the transverse passage, and the other end is welded to the rear support to prevent the rear support from arching upward when the jack is under force. A jack limiting block is welded above the position where the rear support of the jack fits against the jack. No less than 3 baffles are set above each jack. Limiting columns are set on both sides of the jack, with a spacing of no less than 50cm and no less than 2 columns. This completes the processing of the jack platform and jack support.

[0011] In an optional implementation, after the jack platform and jack support are supported around the shield, a load-bearing steel plate is welded on the side of the shield near the jack, and the connection between the shield and the translation bracket is removed. Hydraulic jacks are used to push the shield to move. Multiple jacks are controlled by one hydraulic pump station. After the effective stroke of one jack is completed, a jack support and a limiting column are added behind the first jack support to continue pushing. Both the translation bracket and the launching bracket are provided with support seats and support rails for supporting the shield body. The support rails are arranged in pairs and are inclined towards each other and centered. After the tunnel boring machine cutterhead enters the launching bracket by 1m, a rail-clamping hydraulic jack is installed on the translation bracket, and the tunnel boring machine is translated to the launching bracket by reverse thrust. After the shield body is replaced with a new support frame, the translation support frame, the bottom support of the translation support frame, the jack support, and the jack platform are removed.

[0012] In an optional implementation, after dismantling, the tunnel boring machine main unit and the launching bracket are connected by welding steel plates. The fixed connection between the launching bracket and the launching section steel plate was removed, and hydraulic jacks were used to push it. The construction method was the same as the first translation. Finally, the shield machine host and the launching bracket were moved as a whole to the launching end. After the shield body is moved to the starting end, the elevation and centerline of the starting portal are verified, and the starting support is finely adjusted to ensure that the center of the shield body is consistent with the centerline of the starting portal.

[0013] In an optional implementation, after the main shield machine is moved to the starting tunnel position, the main shield machine and the starting support are lifted from the sliding surface of the starting section to the bottom elevation of the starting tunnel, and a second lifting is performed. The position of the corbels will be redesigned based on the center of gravity and the position of the inner ribs of the tunnel boring machine. If the original corbels from the first jacking can be used, they will be retained; otherwise, they will be removed. Multiple hydraulic pump stations control multiple hydraulic jacks to lift simultaneously, supporting the support brackets and raising the shield machine main unit and launching bracket as a whole. After being lifted into place, support components are promptly placed under the launching bracket for support. The support components are connected to the launching bracket by bolts. The support components are made of structural steel and steel plates are added to their web as ribs. Based on the lifting height, jack supports and shield blocks are made using structural steel and steel plates, with the same shape as those used during the first lifting. After the jack supports are made, they are welded firmly to the bottom steel plate of the launching section, and then the jacks and jack blocks are installed. Four jack stops must be installed around each jack, and the jack stops must be welded tightly to the jack support. At the same time, the bottom of the jack stops must be firmly welded to the steel plate, and the top of the jack stops should be no less than two-thirds of the height of the jack cylinder. After the second jacking is completed, the main body of the tunnel boring machine is jacked into position and its entry posture is adjusted to complete the translation and jacking operation.

[0014] The method for long-distance translation and staged jacking of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in underground spaces, as described in this invention, allows the use of only hydraulic jacks and rail-clamped jacks for jacking during the translation and jacking process, thereby reducing the rental costs of large equipment. It solves the technical challenges of long-distance, high-height translation and jacking, and shortens the start-up time in underground spaces.

[0015] The construction method described in this invention can greatly shorten construction time, ensure rapid tunnel boring machine entry, and improve tunnel construction efficiency.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the long-distance translation and staged jacking construction method of the tunnel boring machine in underground space in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of the tunnel boring machine's two translation movements. Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the translation bracket and the launching bracket; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the load-bearing top weight; Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the support component; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine assembly platform; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shield body in a translational state; Figure 8A schematic diagram illustrating the preparations before the shield body is lifted. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the shield body after one lifting operation. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the shield body after its second lifting. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the shield body after three lifting operations. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the shield body moving from the translation bracket to the launching bracket after it has been lifted.

[0019] icon: 1-Shield body; 11-Supporting bracket; 2-Shield tunneling machine assembly platform; 21-Fixed column; 22-Main beam; 23-Secondary beam; 3-Steel plate; 4-Force-bearing top weight; 5-Transfer bracket; 51-Support rail; 6-Starting bracket; 7-Jack; 71-Jack support; 72-Jack stop; 73-Shield stop; 74-Triangular bracket; 75-Side support steel plate for transverse passage; 76-Rear support component; 77-Steel diagonal brace; 78-Jack limit stop; 8-Concrete; 9-Support member; 91-Horizontal bar; 92-Diagonal tie rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] See Figure 1 , combined Figures 2-6 The structure, and Figures 7-12 The method for long-distance translation and staged jacking of tunnel boring machines in underground space in this invention, which is applicable to the translation and jacking of the main body of the tunnel boring machine during the lateral split launching of subway tunnel boring machines, is suitable for different states.

[0024] It is mainly used to solve problems such as limited working space in tunnels, long translation distances of tunnel boring machines (TBMs), and large-scale jacking. The translation of shield body 1 is achieved using jacks 7. Grease is applied to the steel plate 3 to reduce friction, allowing for more accurate positioning of shield body 1. The jacking operation employs staged jacking, solving the problem of limited stroke of jacks 7 when jacking the TBM at great heights, ensuring a safe and stable jacking process. During the jacking operation, jack stops 72 are welded around jacks 7 to prevent them from tipping over. After each stage of jacking is completed, shield stops 73 are welded to both sides of shield body 1 to ensure stability after each stage of jacking, thus effectively mitigating construction safety risks.

[0025] The principle of the tunnel boring machine's translation and lifting in this invention is mainly based on mechanical principles and mechanical operation, and is achieved through the jacking of 7 jacks, the bearing of the support system, and precise measurement and control.

[0026] In terms of translation, the jack 7 provides thrust to overcome friction and allow the tunnel boring machine to slide on the greased steel plate 3; in terms of jacking, the hydraulic jack 7 and a stable support system are used to lift the tunnel boring machine to the required height. Each step has been carefully designed and rigorously calculated to ensure safe and efficient construction.

[0027] Specifically, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is moved using a jack-7 pushing method. The thrust generated by the jacks allows the TBM to slide on the laid steel plates 3. To reduce friction, grease is applied to the steel plates 3. On the steel plates 3 laid in the transverse passage and launching section, load-bearing brackets 4 are welded together and fully welded to the bottom steel plates 3. One side of the jack 7 cylinder is placed against the load-bearing bracket, and the telescopic mechanism on the other side abuts against the support frame. After starting the hydraulic pump station, the jack 7 extends and presses against the support frame. The pushing distance is the effective stroke of the jack 7. After the shield body 1 completes one effective stroke of the jack 7, the jack 7 cylinder is depressurized, and the next load-bearing bracket 4 is welded on. This process is repeated to gradually move the TBM horizontally.

[0028] The tunnel boring machine (TBM) jacking process utilizes hydraulic jacks 7 and a support system working in tandem. Before jacking, the TBM and its support frame are welded together as a whole, and multiple hydraulic pump stations control multiple hydraulic jacks 7 to lift simultaneously. During staged jacking, support components 9 are promptly inserted under the support frame after each jacking operation. The support components 9 are connected by bolts to form a stable load-bearing system.

[0029] See Figure 1 The method for long-distance translation and staged jacking construction of a tunnel boring machine in underground space according to the present invention includes the following steps: A shield machine assembly platform 2 is erected in the launching shaft, concrete 8 is backfilled, and steel plates 3 are laid in all the translation and jacking parts, including the shield machine assembly platform 2, the cross passage and the launching section. The translation bracket 5 is hoisted into the shield machine assembly platform 2, and the entire shield machine is assembled in the shaft on the translation bracket 5 of the shield machine assembly platform 2, so that the shield body 1 of the shield machine is fixedly connected to the translation bracket 5. Apply grease to the steel plate 3 and weld the load-bearing jack 4 for the back support jack 7 onto the steel plate 3. Push the shield machine against the translation bracket 5 using the hydraulic jack 7, so that the shield machine and the translation bracket 5 are moved from the shield machine assembly platform 2 to the entrance position of the starting section on the cross passage. Supported by the side wall of the transverse passage, the shield machine is moved from the transverse passage to the entrance of the launching section by hydraulic jack 7 to push the translation bracket 5 until the translation bracket 5 is close to the launching bracket 6 on the launching section and is on the same straight line, thus completing the first translation. The tunnel boring machine and the translation bracket 5 are lifted from the sliding surface of the transverse passage until they are lifted to the elevation of the sliding surface of the starting section, thus completing the first lifting. The tunnel boring machine is moved from the translation bracket 5 to the launching bracket 6 by hydraulic jack 7. Then, the main body of the tunnel boring machine, together with the launching bracket 6, is moved horizontally towards the launching end on the steel plate 3 of the launching section to complete the second horizontal movement. After being moved into position, the shield machine, together with the launching bracket 6, is lifted by jack 7, so that the shield machine is lifted from the sliding surface of the launching section to the launching end of the shield machine, completing the second lifting. After being lifted into position, the tunneling posture is adjusted to complete the translation and lifting operation.

[0030] Both the translation bracket 5 and the launching bracket 6 in this application are equipped with support seats and support rails 51 for supporting the shield body 1. The support rails 51 are arranged in pairs and are inclined towards each other. Through the support rails 51 on the translation bracket 5 and the launching bracket 6, the shield body 1 can effectively and reliably contact and sit on the translation bracket 5 and the launching bracket 6, forming a line contact support form of the two support rails 51, ensuring the stable support effect of the bracket on the tunnel boring machine.

[0031] Furthermore, during the process of the shield body 1 being pushed and moved from the translation bracket 5 to the launching bracket 6, the track line support formed by the support rail 51 can form an effective guide rail for the shield body 1. Combined with the overlapping state of the support rail 51 of the translation bracket 5 and the launching bracket 6, the shield body 1 can be effectively translated along the support rail 51 under the action of the jack 7, ensuring the stability and reliability of the process of the shield body 1 being transferred from the translation bracket 5 to the launching bracket 6.

[0032] It should be noted that the translation bracket 5 in this application has the same structure as the launching bracket 6. Under the premise of the same structure, it can meet the bearing support of the shield body 1 at different stages. At the same time, it is beneficial for the translation bracket 5 to make the shield body 1 move smoothly between the two brackets after being lifted.

[0033] Before the shield body 1 is lowered into the shaft and hoisted, the columns for the shield machine assembly platform 2 are fabricated in the launching shaft, and then concrete 8 is backfilled. The shield machine assembly platform 2 is then fabricated, and concrete 8 is backfilled in the transverse passage and launching section. After the backfilling is completed, steel plates 3 are laid on the main beam 22 of the shield machine assembly platform 2 in the launching shaft, on the backfilled concrete 8 in the transverse passage and launching section.

[0034] The shield machine assembly platform 2 of the launching shaft is located at the bottom of the launching shaft and includes fixed columns 21, main beams 22, secondary beams 23 and diagonal braces. The diagonal braces are installed between the fixed columns 21. The main beam 22 includes I-beams and is connected to the top of the fixed columns 21. The secondary beams 23 are connected between the webs of the main beam 22. The steel plate 3 is laid on the main beam 22.

[0035] The vertical shaft type of launching shaft has a small opening, so the tunnel boring machine can only be transported to the shaft in sections for assembly. During the section transport process, the tunnel boring machine is assembled on the tunnel boring machine assembly platform 2.

[0036] Specifically, the column locations are determined according to the design, columns 21 are fabricated and fixed, and then concrete 8 is poured and backfilled. After the concrete 8 has cured, main beams 22, secondary beams 23, and diagonal braces are fabricated using steel profiles. Diagonal braces are installed between the columns to ensure their stability. The main beams 22 are connected to the top of the columns, and the secondary beams 23 are welded to the web of the steel main beams 22. Finally, steel plates 3 are laid on the main beams 22.

[0037] Based on the clearance of the cross passage, and considering the space required to accommodate the maximum dimensions of the translation bracket 5 and the tunnel boring machine after assembly, with sufficient margin, the backfill height of the cross passage is determined, and plain concrete 8 is used for backfilling. A steel plate 3 is laid on top of the backfill concrete 8 as a sliding surface for the translation of the tunnel boring machine.

[0038] The backfill height of the starting section bottom plate is determined according to the design, and steel plates 3 are laid on top of the concrete 8 in all different areas as the sliding surface for the tunnel boring machine to move.

[0039] During the installation of steel plate 3, it is fixed on both sides by reinforcing bars from the base plate to prevent it from sliding under load. Steel plates 3 are securely welded together, and the welded joints are ground smooth to create a smooth sliding surface. Grease is applied to the sliding surface of steel plate 3 to reduce friction between the moving bracket and the steel plate 3.

[0040] The translation bracket 5 is hoisted onto the steel plate 3 of the shield machine assembly platform 2. Then, the various sections of the shield machine are assembled on the translation bracket 5. Welded steel plates 3 are used to fix the translation bracket 5 to the shield machine. The number of connection points needs to be determined on the premise that the shield machine can be moved stably and that the connection points can withstand the weight of the translation bracket 5 during the shield machine lifting process, so that the translation bracket 5 and the shield machine form a whole.

[0041] Given that tunnels are generally structured as left and right tunnels, the support system in this application comprises three sets. Specifically, one set is a translational support, mainly used for the translation of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) within the cross passage, and is placed at the bottom of the launching shaft. Two sets of launching supports are placed in the left and right tunnels of the launching section, respectively. Before the TBM is lowered into the shaft, all three sets of support systems must be pre-hoisted and installed, with the launching supports being hoisted and installed inside the tunnel earlier than the translational support.

[0042] The process of lowering each section of the tunnel boring machine into the shaft is as follows: hoisting and moving bracket 5 → lowering and assembling the front and middle shield sections → lowering and assembling the main drive section → lowering and assembling the left section → lowering and assembling the right section → lowering and assembling the upper section → lowering and assembling the cutterhead.

[0043] The tunnel boring machine's first translation involves moving from the launching shaft platform through the transverse passage to the entrance of the launching section. This includes translation within the transverse passage and forward movement towards the entrance of the launching section.

[0044] The launching shaft is mainly used for hoisting the tunnel boring machine (TBM), support frame, and auxiliary equipment into the underground space. Since the launching shaft is located far from the entrance of the launching section, a cross passage is used to facilitate the horizontal movement of the TBM from the launching shaft to the launching section. The launching section is the main tunnel chamber, designed to allow the TBM and various trolleys to enter the main line and complete the initial excavation and advancement.

[0045] The bottom elevation of the transverse passage is lower than the bottom elevation of the launching section, and the bottom elevation of the launching section is lower than the elevation of the launching axis of the tunnel boring machine. Therefore, two jacking operations are required.

[0046] The jack 7 includes a hydraulic jack 7. Before jacking, grease is applied to the steel plate 3. Using the hydraulic jack 7, one side of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic jack 7 is brought into close contact with the load-bearing jack 4. Limiting columns are welded on both sides of the jack 7. The hydraulic pump station is started, and the jack 7 slowly extends to support the translation bracket 5. The distance moved by each jacking is the effective stroke of the jack 7. After the shield body 1 completes one effective stroke of the hydraulic jack 7, the hydraulic cylinder of the jack 7 is depressurized and retracted. The next load-bearing jack 4 is welded, and the previous load-bearing jack 4 and the limiting columns on both sides of the hydraulic jack 7 are cut and removed. The cut surface is ground flat. In this way, the tunnel boring machine is gradually moved to the entrance position of the starting section by jacking the translation bracket 5.

[0047] After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is moved from the TBM assembly platform 2 to the inlet position of the launching section, the side wall of the transverse passage serves as the back support for the hydraulic jacks 7. The hydraulic jacks 7 then push the translation bracket 5, moving the TBM and the translation bracket 5 towards the inlet of the launching section. During the pushing process, the pushing distance must be strictly controlled to maintain a certain distance between the other end of the translation bracket 5 (the end facing the inlet of the launching section) and the other side wall of the transverse passage. After the pushing is completed, it is checked whether the translation bracket 5 and the launching bracket 6 are on the same straight line, completing the first translation. Specifically, the check mainly verifies whether the support rails 51 of the translation bracket 5 and the launching bracket 6 coincide, to facilitate the sliding and translation of the TBM on the support rails 51.

[0048] After the first translation is completed, the tunnel boring machine and the translation bracket 5 need to be lifted from the sliding surface of the transverse passage to the elevation of the sliding surface of the starting section through jacking construction. The first jacking of the translation bracket 5 and the tunnel boring machine from the sliding surface of the transverse passage to the sliding surface of the starting section is then carried out.

[0049] During the jacking process via the sliding surface of the transverse passage, multiple support brackets 11 are welded on both sides of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) to facilitate the joint jacking of the TBM and the translation bracket 5. The positions of the jacks 7 and the support brackets are designed based on the positions of the internal ribs of the TBM and the center of gravity of the shield body 1.

[0050] Specifically, the welding of the support bracket 11 is carried out on the premise that the support rail 51 effectively supports the shield body 1. Furthermore, the support bracket 11 is set on the outer side of the support rail 51 in both directions, and the bottom wall of the support bracket 11 is higher than the support height of the support rail 51 on the shield body 1. On the one hand, it can ensure the effective support and fixation of the shield body 1, and on the other hand, it can facilitate the welding of the support bracket 11.

[0051] During the lifting process, multiple hydraulic pump stations are used to control multiple hydraulic jacks 7 to lift simultaneously, supporting the brackets 11 and lifting the tunnel boring machine and translation bracket 5 as a whole in stages. Relative to the axis of the shield body 1, three jacks 7 and brackets are set on each side of the shield body 1. The three jacks 7 and brackets are set on the same straight line. The front two of the three jacks 7 on each side are controlled by one hydraulic pump station, and the rear one is controlled by a separate hydraulic pump station to ensure synchronous lifting.

[0052] After each level is lifted into place, support members 9 are promptly placed under the translation bracket 5 for support, and diagonal scissor braces and horizontal braces are installed between the support members 9. Specifically, the lower support component 9 of the translation bracket 5 can be made of structural steel and steel plate. The upper and lower support components 9 are firmly connected by bolts. The support components 9 on both sides of the translation bracket 5 are connected by horizontal crossbars 91, and crossbars 91 and diagonal tie rods 92 are set between the support components 9 on the same side. In order to facilitate the dismantling of the support components 9 and reduce hot work, all connections are bolted to ensure that the support components 9 are a stable load-bearing system.

[0053] The shield machine's support bracket is made of steel plate 3, and it should be tightly welded to the shield body 1. After welding with the shield machine, it must undergo flaw detection, and can only be used after passing the inspection.

[0054] Based on the height of each stage of jacking, jack supports 71, jack blocks 72, and shield blocks 73 are made using structural steel and steel plates 3.

[0055] Specifically, before the first jacking operation, the bottom of the jack support 71 is welded and reinforced to the bottom steel plate 3, and then the jack 7 and jack stop block 72 are installed.

[0056] Each jack 7 requires four jack stops 72 around its perimeter, which must be welded tightly to the jack supports 71. The bottom of each jack stop 72 must also be firmly welded to the steel plate 3, and the top of the jack stop 72 should be no less than two-thirds the height of the jack 7 cylinder. Shield body stops 73 are installed near the brackets on both sides of the shield body 1. After each stage of jacking, the original shield body stops 73 should be removed promptly, and new shield body stops 73 adapted to the next jacking height should be installed. After each stage of jacking, with the support of the translation bracket 5 and the support components 9, a new jack support 71 is placed under the jack 7. After placing the new jack support 71, a new jack stop 72 is added on top of the original jack stops 72 to ensure the safety and stability of subsequent jacking.

[0057] After the translation bracket 5 and the tunnel boring machine are lifted to the sliding surface of the starting section, a second translation is carried out to check and adjust the starting bracket 6 to ensure its position and elevation are accurate, so that the two support tracks 51 of the starting bracket 6 are on the same straight line as the support tracks 51 of the translation bracket 5 after the first lifting.

[0058] Before the replacement of the support frame on the shield body 1, in order to effectively prevent the displacement of the launching support frame 6, a specific number of steel columns are used to make them fit tightly against both sides of the launching support frame 6 before welding. The bottom of the column is welded to the bottom steel plate 3.

[0059] Meanwhile, double-section steel is used to reinforce the end of the launching bracket 6 near the launching hole to ensure the stability of the launching bracket 6 throughout the operation.

[0060] After the first jacking operation is completed, remove the jack 7, jack support 71, jack stop 72 and shield stop 73 and other components. Weld columns and supports on both sides of the translation bracket 5 to reinforce it and prevent the translation bracket 5 from moving with the tunnel boring machine during the bracket replacement process.

[0061] Furthermore, in order to further ensure the stability of the translation bracket 5, the gap between the end of the translation bracket 5 near the inlet of the starting section and the starting bracket 6 is filled with steel plate 3 and spot welded.

[0062] After the launching bracket 6 and the translation bracket 5 are fixed, the jack 7 platform and the jack 7 support components are processed.

[0063] A certain number of triangular brackets 74 are made of steel profiles. The triangular brackets 74 are welded firmly to the support member 9 of the translation bracket 5, the translation bracket 5 and the support steel plate 75 of the transverse passage side wall. A steel plate 3 is laid on top of the triangular brackets 74 to serve as the platform of the jack 7.

[0064] In order to facilitate the stable output of jack 7, a rear support component 76 is set at the rear of jack 7. The rear support component 76 of jack 7 is made of steel profile, one side is welded to the support steel plate 75 of the cross passage side wall, and the other side is attached to the base of jack 7.

[0065] Furthermore, limiting columns are installed on both sides of the rear support member 76 of the jack 7, with a spacing of not less than 50cm and not less than two columns. A steel diagonal brace 77 is installed on the upper part of the rear support member 76 of the jack 7. One end of the diagonal brace is welded to the supporting steel plate 75 of the transverse passage side wall, and the other end is firmly welded to the rear support member 76 of the jack 7 to prevent the support member from arching upward when the jack 7 is under force.

[0066] A jack limiting block 78 is welded to the upper part of the rear support component 76 of the jack 7 where it fits against the base of the jack 7. The block is made of steel plate 3 with a size of not less than 400×150 mm. Each jack 7 has no less than 3 blocks on its upper part. Limiting columns are set on both sides of the jack 7, with a spacing of not less than 50 cm and no less than 2 columns. This completes the processing of the jack 7 platform and the jack 7 support component.

[0067] After the jack 7 platform and the jack 7 support components are supported, the load-bearing steel plate 3 is welded on the side of the shield body 1 near the jack 7, and the connection between the shield body 1 and the translation bracket 5 is removed, so that the shield body 1 can slide on the translation bracket 5 to the starting bracket 6 during the jacking.

[0068] Hydraulic jacks 7 are used to push the shield body 1 to move. Multiple jacks 7 are controlled by one hydraulic pump station to ensure that the jacks 7 advance at a consistent speed. After the effective stroke of one jack 7 is completed, another jack 7 support and a limit column are added behind the first jack 7 support to continue pushing.

[0069] After the tunnel boring machine cutterhead enters the launching bracket 61 m, a rail-clamping hydraulic jack 7 is installed on the support rail 51 of the translation bracket 5. By clamping the support rail 51, the tunnel boring machine is pushed back, so that the tunnel boring machine is translated to the launching bracket 6.

[0070] After the shield body 1 is replaced with a new support bracket, the translation support bracket 5, the bottom support component 9 of the translation support bracket 5, the support component of jack 7, and the platform of jack 7 are removed.

[0071] After dismantling, the main body of the tunnel boring machine and the launching bracket 6 are welded together using steel plates 3, so that the main body of the tunnel boring machine and the launching bracket 6 are connected as one unit.

[0072] Remove the fixed connection between the previous launching bracket 6 and the launching section steel plate 3, and use hydraulic jacks 7 with appropriate stroke and force-bearing jacks 4 to push the launching bracket 6. The construction method is the same as the first translation. Finally, the shield machine host and the launching bracket 6 are translated as a whole to the launching end.

[0073] After the shield body 1 is moved to the starting end, the elevation and centerline of the starting portal are verified, and the starting bracket 6 is finely adjusted to ensure that the center of the shield body 1 is precisely aligned with the centerline of the starting portal.

[0074] After the main shield machine is moved to the starting tunnel position, the main shield machine and the starting support 6 need to be lifted from the sliding surface of the starting section to the bottom elevation of the starting tunnel, that is, lifted to the starting end, and then lifted a second time.

[0075] The position of the corbels will be redesigned based on the center of gravity and the position of the inner ribs of the tunnel boring machine. If the original corbels from the first jacking can be used, they will be retained; otherwise, they will be removed to ensure that the corbels can effectively withstand the jacking force. The elevation of the corbels will be the same as the elevation of the first jacking position.

[0076] Multiple hydraulic pump stations control multiple hydraulic jacks 7 to lift simultaneously, supporting the support brackets 11 and raising the shield machine main unit and launching bracket 6 as a whole. After being lifted into place, support components 9 are promptly placed under the launching bracket 6 for support. The support components 9 are connected to the launching bracket 6 by bolts. The support components 9 are made of structural steel, and steel plates 3 are added to the belly of the support components 9 as ribs to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the support components 9.

[0077] Based on the lifting height, jack supports 71 and shield blocks 73 are made using structural steel and steel plates 3. The shapes are the same as those used during the first lifting. After the jack supports 71 are made, they are welded firmly to the bottom steel plates 3 of the starting section in a suitable position. Then, the jacks 7 and jack blocks 72 are installed.

[0078] Four jack stops 72 need to be installed around each jack 7, and the jack stops 72 should be welded tightly to the jack support 71. At the same time, the bottom of the jack stops 72 should be firmly welded to the steel plate 3, and the top of the jack stops 72 should not be lower than two-thirds of the height of the cylinder of the jack 7. After the second jacking is completed, the main body of the tunnel boring machine is jacked into position and its entry posture is adjusted to complete the translation and jacking operation, and then subsequent work is carried out.

[0079] The method for long-distance translation and staged jacking construction of tunnel boring machines in underground space in this invention uses only hydraulic jacks 7 and rail clamp jacks 7 for jacking, which reduces the rental cost of large equipment, solves the technical problem of long-distance and high-height translation and jacking, and shortens the time for lateral splitting and launching.

[0080] It can greatly shorten construction time, ensure that the tunnel boring machine can enter the tunnel quickly, and improve tunnel construction efficiency.

[0081] From a specific application perspective, in the construction of a city's rail transit system, the shield tunneling adopted a lateral split-starting scheme for entering the tunnel.

[0082] The launch shaft has a clear size of 13.9 × 14 m, a cross passage with a clear width of 9.6 m and a length of 51 m, and a shield tunnel launch section with a span of 10.6 m and a length of 72 m. The height difference between the bottom plate of the cross passage and the bottom plate of the launch section is 1.2 m, and the height difference between the bottom plate of the launch section and the bottom of the launch tunnel opening is 0.25 m.

[0083] First, after the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is installed in the launching shaft, it is moved horizontally through the cross passage to the launching section and then jacked up 1.2 m before entering the launching section entrance. After the bracket is moved and replaced at the entrance, the assembly machine, auger, and tail shield are installed. Then, it is moved horizontally 72 m within the launching section to reach the launching portal, and finally jacked up 0.25 m to reach the launching elevation.

[0084] In this project, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) was moved more than 100 meters in total, and the lifting weight exceeded 600 tons, demonstrating the length of the movement and the magnitude of the lifting. The construction method described in this invention, which involves the phased hoisting, translation, and lifting of the TBM, solved the technical challenges of long-distance translation and high-altitude lifting. Furthermore, under extremely tight deadlines, it significantly shortened the construction time, ensuring rapid TBM entry into the tunnel and guaranteeing the completion of the tunnel section within the planned timeframe.

[0085] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for long-distance translation and staged jacking construction of a tunnel boring machine in underground space, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Erecting the shield tunneling machine assembly platform, backfilling concrete, and laying steel plates; The translation bracket is hoisted and the tunnel boring machine is lowered into the shaft for assembly, so that the tunnel boring machine is fixedly connected to the translation bracket; Grease is applied to the steel plate, and load-bearing jacks for supporting the back jacks are welded onto the steel plate. The tunnel boring machine is then pushed by the jacks against the translation bracket, and the tunnel boring machine assembly platform is moved to the entrance position of the starting section on the cross passage. Supported by the side wall of the transverse passage, the tunnel boring machine is moved towards the entrance of the launching section by pushing the translation bracket with jacks until the translation bracket and the launching bracket on the launching section are on the same straight line. The tunnel boring machine and its translation support frame are lifted from the sliding surface of the transverse passage to the elevation of the sliding surface of the starting section; The tunnel boring machine is moved horizontally from the translation support to the launching support using jacks; The shield machine body, together with the launching support, is moved horizontally toward the launching end on the steel plate of the launching section; After being moved into position, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and its launching support are lifted using jacks, so that the TBM is lifted from the sliding surface of the launching section to the launching end of the TBM. After being lifted into position, the TBM's entry posture is adjusted to complete the translation and lifting operation.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shield machine assembly platform is located at the bottom of the launching shaft and includes fixed columns, main beams, secondary beams and diagonal braces, with the diagonal braces installed between the fixed columns; The main beam includes an I-beam connected to the top of the fixed column, the secondary beam is connected between the webs of the main beam, and the steel plate is laid on the main beam; After constructing the columns of the shield machine assembly platform in the launching shaft, backfill with concrete, process the shield machine assembly platform, backfill with concrete in the cross passage and launching section, and lay steel plates on the main beam, cross passage and launching section backfill with concrete after the backfill is completed. The steel plates are fixed by reinforcing bars on the base plates on both sides. Adjacent steel plates are welded together and the welds are ground smooth to form a smooth translation surface. Grease is applied to the translation surface.

3. The construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The translation bracket is hoisted onto the steel plate of the tunnel boring machine assembly platform. Then, the various sections of the tunnel boring machine are assembled on the translation bracket. Welded steel plates are used to fix the translation bracket to the tunnel boring machine. The jacks include hydraulic jacks, the hydraulic cylinders of which are in close contact with the load-bearing jacks, and limiting columns are welded on both sides of the jacks. After the effective stroke of a hydraulic jack is completed, the hydraulic cylinders of the jacks are depressurized and retracted, the next load-bearing jack is welded, and the previous load-bearing jack and limiting columns are cut and removed. In this way, the tunnel boring machine is gradually moved to the entrance position of the starting section by pushing the translation bracket. After the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is moved from the TBM assembly platform to the entrance of the starting section, the side wall of the transverse passage serves as the back support for the hydraulic jacks. The hydraulic jacks push the translation bracket, moving the TBM and the translation bracket towards the entrance of the starting section. This ensures that the end of the translation bracket facing the entrance of the starting section is kept at a distance from the other side wall of the transverse passage, completing the first translation.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the first translation is completed, the first jacking is carried out from the sliding surface of the transverse channel to the sliding surface of the starting section; During the jacking process, multiple support brackets are welded on both sides of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) to support the TBM and the translation bracket. During the jacking process, multiple hydraulic pump stations are used to control multiple hydraulic jacks to lift simultaneously, supporting the support brackets to lift the TBM and the translation bracket as a whole in stages. After each stage is lifted to the position, support components are promptly placed under the translation bracket for support, and diagonal scissor braces and horizontal braces are set between the support components. The upper and lower support components are connected by bolts, and the support components on both sides of the sliding bracket are connected by horizontal crossbars. Crossbars and diagonal braces are set between the support components on the same side.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the height of each stage of jacking, jack supports, jack blocks, and shield blocks are made using structural steel and steel plates. Before the first jacking operation, the bottom of the jack support was welded and reinforced to the bottom steel plate, and then the jack and jack stop block were installed. Each jack needs to be equipped with 4 jack stops around its perimeter and welded tightly to the jack support. At the same time, the bottom of the jack stops should be firmly welded to the steel plate, and the top of the jack stops should be no less than two-thirds of the height of the jack cylinder. Install shield blocks near the brackets on both sides of the shield body. After the first stage of jacking is completed, remove the original shield blocks and install shield blocks that are suitable for the next jacking height. After each stage of jacking, new jack supports are placed under the jacks under the support of the translation bracket and support components. After the new jack supports are placed, new jack stops are added on the original jack stops to ensure the safety and stability of subsequent jacking.

6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the translation bracket and the tunnel boring machine are lifted to the sliding surface of the starting section, a second translation is carried out. The steel column is welded to the starting bracket and welded to the steel plate at the bottom of the sliding surface of the starting section. At the same time, double steel sections are used for support and reinforcement at the side of the starting bracket near the starting tunnel opening. Remove the jacks, jack supports, jack blocks, and shield blocks used during the first jacking operation. Weld columns and outriggers on both sides of the translation bracket. At the same time, fill the gap between the side end of the translation bracket near the inlet of the launching section and the launching bracket with steel plates and spot weld them.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple triangular brackets are made of steel profiles. The triangular brackets are welded to the translation bracket support, the translation bracket and the cross passage side wall support steel plate. A steel plate is laid on top of the triangular brackets to serve as a jack platform. The jack is equipped with a rear support component, which is made of steel profiles. One side is welded to the steel plate supporting the side wall of the cross passage, and the other side is attached to the jack. Limiting columns are installed on both sides of the rear support of the jack, with a spacing of not less than 50 cm and not less than 2 columns. A steel diagonal brace is installed above the rear support of the jack. One end of the steel diagonal brace is welded to the steel plate supporting the side wall of the transverse passage, and the other end is welded to the rear support to prevent the rear support from arching upward when the jack is under force. A jack limiting block is welded above the position where the rear support of the jack fits against the jack. No less than 3 baffles are set above each jack. Limiting columns are set on both sides of the jack, with a spacing of no less than 50cm and no less than 2 columns. This completes the processing of the jack platform and jack support.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the jack platform and jack support components are supported, a load-bearing steel plate is welded to the side of the shield body near the jacks, and the connection between the shield body and the translation bracket is removed. Hydraulic jacks are used to push the shield body to move. Multiple jacks are controlled by one hydraulic pump station. After the effective stroke of one jack is completed, a jack support component and a limit column are added behind the first jack support component to continue pushing. Both the translation bracket and the launching bracket are provided with support seats and support rails for supporting the shield body. The support rails are arranged in pairs and are inclined towards each other and centered. After the tunnel boring machine cutterhead enters the launching bracket by 1m, a rail-clamping hydraulic jack is installed on the translation bracket, and the tunnel boring machine is translated to the launching bracket by reverse thrust. After the shield body is replaced with a new support frame, the translation support frame, the bottom support of the translation support frame, the jack support, and the jack platform are removed.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After dismantling, the tunnel boring machine main unit and the launching bracket will be connected by welding steel plates. The fixed connection between the launching bracket and the launching section steel plate was removed, and hydraulic jacks were used to push it. The construction method was the same as the first translation. Finally, the shield machine host and the launching bracket were moved as a whole to the launching end. After the shield body is moved to the starting end, the elevation and centerline of the starting portal are verified, and the starting support is finely adjusted to ensure that the center of the shield body is consistent with the centerline of the starting portal.

10. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the main shield machine is moved to the starting tunnel position, the main shield machine and the starting support are lifted from the sliding surface of the starting section to the bottom elevation of the starting tunnel, and then lifted a second time. The position of the corbels will be redesigned based on the center of gravity and the position of the inner ribs of the tunnel boring machine. If the original corbels from the first jacking can be used, they will be retained; otherwise, they will be removed. Multiple hydraulic pump stations control multiple hydraulic jacks to lift simultaneously, supporting the support brackets and raising the shield machine main unit and launching bracket as a whole. After being lifted into place, support components are promptly placed under the launching bracket for support. The support components are connected to the launching bracket by bolts. The support components are made of structural steel and steel plates are added to their web as ribs. Based on the lifting height, jack supports and shield blocks are made using structural steel and steel plates, with the same shape as those used during the first lifting. After the jack supports are made, they are welded firmly to the bottom steel plate of the launching section, and then the jacks and jack blocks are installed. Four jack stops must be installed around each jack, and the jack stops must be welded tightly to the jack support. At the same time, the bottom of the jack stops must be firmly welded to the steel plate, and the top of the jack stops should be no less than two-thirds of the height of the jack cylinder. After the second jacking is completed, the main body of the tunnel boring machine is jacked into position and its entry posture is adjusted to complete the translation and jacking operation.

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