Intelligent optimization system and method for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more particularly to an intelligent optimization system and method for subway tunnel construction based on a BIM model. The intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on a BIM model includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring relevant data of main and auxiliary construction equipment; a region division module for dividing the tunnel area into functional zones; a sequence acquisition module for obtaining a first historical difference sequence for the creep-like frequency zone and a second historical difference sequence for the creep adjustment zone according to the progress rhythm; and a monitoring and adjustment module for adjusting the monitoring frequency based on the first and second historical difference sequences. This invention improves the system's adaptability and response speed by dividing the tunnel into a morphological transformation zone, a tunnel construction safety suffocation zone, a creep-like frequency zone, and a creep adjustment zone, and by constructing a comprehensive risk index based on these zones.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to an intelligent optimization system and method for subway tunnel construction based on BIM models. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of urban rail transit construction, shield tunneling has become one of the mainstream methods for subway tunnel construction. As a highly integrated civil engineering machinery construction method, shield tunneling involves the stable excavation of the shield machine itself, segment installation, lining support, material transportation, ventilation, personnel operations, and the coordinated operation of on-site auxiliary machinery. In recent years, information and digital technologies, especially Building Information Modeling (BIM) and construction digital twin technology, have been widely introduced into the field of tunnel construction management to achieve functions such as 3D visualization, construction progress management, clash detection, and construction scheme simulation. However, existing technologies still have several shortcomings in deeply integrating BIM with dynamic control and real-time collaborative management of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). For example, most systems in the past used fixed-frequency sampling and fixed-threshold early warning methods, failing to dynamically adjust the monitoring frequency and early warning sensitivity according to differences in the pace of advancement. When abnormal pace or signs of conflict appear, fixed low-frequency sampling leads to detection lag. Conversely, high-frequency sampling under long-term stable working conditions brings unnecessary data transmission and computational burdens. Existing management systems usually manage the TBM and various auxiliary construction equipment as isolated or loosely coupled independent objects. They have not formed a complete support for the concept of a combined entity, nor have they formed effective adjustments when the combined entity and the TBM advance together. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of low equipment coordination and the need to improve overall construction efficiency, this invention provides an intelligent optimization system and method for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model.

[0004] The technical implementation scheme of the present invention is: a BIM model-based intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction, comprising:

[0005] The data acquisition module is used to acquire relevant data on the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment;

[0006] The region division module is used to divide the tunnel area into tunnel functions;

[0007] The sequence acquisition module is used to obtain the first historical difference sequence of the peristaltic frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the peristaltic adjustment region according to the advancement rhythm;

[0008] The monitoring and adjustment module is used to adjust the monitoring frequency based on the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence;

[0009] The morphological transformation planning module is used to plan the morphological transformation of the merged structure based on BIM.

[0010] The advance rhythm optimization module is used to optimize the advance rhythm of the merging body when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to be coordinated.

[0011] Preferably, the data acquisition module is used to acquire relevant data of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment, including: acquiring the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment of the subway tunnel, acquiring the combined form requirements and progress rhythm of the main construction equipment and the auxiliary construction equipment in each tunnel area, wherein the combined form is the combination form of the main construction equipment and the auxiliary construction equipment in different tunnel areas and the combination with the ability to adjust the warning range.

[0012] Preferably, the region division module is used to divide the tunnel region into tunnel functions, including: dividing each tunnel region into a form transformation region, a tunnel construction safety suffocation region, a creeping synchronous region, and a creeping adjustment region; the form transformation region is a combined entity composed of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment, which can be safely transformed according to the BIM and the form requirements of the combined entity in each tunnel region; the tunnel construction safety suffocation region is a warning personnel danger zone generated when the combined entity is constructing in the tunnel region; the creeping synchronous region is a region where the combined entity is in sync with the advancement rhythm when advancing in each tunnel region; the advancement rhythm is the movement beat and direction of the tunnel boring machine when excavating in the tunnel region; the creeping adjustment region is a region where the combined entity is not in sync with the advancement rhythm when advancing in each tunnel region.

[0013] Preferably, the region division submodule is used to divide the tunnel into a creeping synchronous region or a creeping adjustment region based on the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm, including: real-time calculation of the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm between the tunnel boring machine and the merging body; when the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm is greater than or equal to a preset synchronous threshold, marking the target tunnel section as the creeping synchronous region, and enabling rhythm following control within the target tunnel region to ensure that the merging body advances synchronously with the tunnel boring machine while ensuring safety; when the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm is less than the preset synchronous threshold or the predicted equipment envelopes intersect, marking the target tunnel section as the creeping adjustment region, enabling predictive conflict detection and local model predictive control to calculate the optimal speed or to perform a morphological adjustment plan, and to perform forced deceleration or morphological contraction.

[0014] Preferably, the sequence acquisition module is used to obtain a first historical difference sequence of the creeping frequency region and a second historical difference sequence of the creeping adjustment region according to the advancement rhythm, including: acquiring the first historical difference sequence of the creeping frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the creeping adjustment region; the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence are time series of the advancement rhythm difference between the merging body and the tunnel boring machine.

[0015] Preferably, the monitoring adjustment module is used to adjust the monitoring frequency according to the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence, including: extracting root mean square, short-term rate of change, cross-correlation peak, conflict measure, and peak feature according to the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence using a preset sliding window; normalizing each feature to construct a first local score and a second local score; obtaining a monitoring importance score by weighted averaging of the first local score and the second local score; and obtaining a new sampling interval by using an exponential mapping based on the monitoring importance score. The exponential mapping is described as follows:

[0016] ;

[0017] In the formula, For the new sampling interval; The minimum sampling interval; The maximum sampling interval; For the response slope coefficient; To monitor the importance score.

[0018] Preferably, the morphological transformation planning module is used to perform morphological transformation planning on the merged body according to BIM, including: obtaining the BIM construction constraints, spatial boundaries and time windows of the morphological transformation area, and obtaining the morphological transformation sequence, required auxiliary equipment actions, personnel and access restrictions and the transformed spatial envelope according to the current morphological transformation shape and the target morphological transformation shape of the morphological transformation area; and optimizing the morphological transformation based on action graph search or minimum action cost.

[0019] Preferably, the advance rhythm optimization module is used to optimize the advance rhythm of the merging body when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to advance in a coordinated manner. This includes: when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to advance in a coordinated manner, setting an objective function to optimize the coordination of advance and rhythm based on the creep frequency region or creep adjustment region, wherein the objective function is:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, The cumulative time required to complete the task within the optimization decision-making period; For each time point The assessed risk indicators are summed to obtain a comprehensive risk index; For the merger in time The propulsion velocity vector or scalar; For the tunnel boring machine in time The speed of advancement; This is the weighting adjustment factor; It is the square of the L2 norm of the rate difference.

[0022] Preferably, the constraint and indicator acquisition module is used to acquire comprehensive risk indicators and constrain the objective function, including: constraining based on spatial collision constraints, ventilation and oxygen content lower limit constraints, equipment physical limits, and minimum personnel safety spacing. The comprehensive risk indicator acquisition is described as follows:

[0023] .

[0024] In the formula, For the first Time within the tunnel area The number of tunnel area classification categories at that time; For the first Time within the tunnel area Ventilation efficiency at that time; For the first Time within the tunnel area Availability of evacuation routes at the time; This refers to the weighting coefficients of the comprehensive risk indicators.

[0025] Intelligent optimization methods for subway tunnel construction based on BIM models include:

[0026] S1: Obtain relevant data on major and auxiliary construction equipment;

[0027] S2: Divide the tunnel area into tunnel functional zones;

[0028] S3: Obtain the first historical difference sequence of the peristaltic frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the peristaltic adjustment region based on the advancement rhythm;

[0029] S4: Adjust the monitoring frequency based on the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence;

[0030] S5: Plan the morphological transformation of the merged structure based on BIM;

[0031] S6: When the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to be coordinated in their advancement, optimize the advancement rhythm of the merging body.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] 1. This invention divides tunnels into morphological transformation zones, tunnel construction safety suffocation zones, creep synchronization zones, and creep adjustment zones. Based on these zones, a comprehensive risk index is constructed. This index automatically increases monitoring frequency, tightens control constraints, and triggers corresponding protective actions in areas and time periods where risk increases. Compared with traditional fixed threshold alarms, this mechanism can identify early signs of suffocation and spatial conflicts, significantly shorten response time, and reduce the probability of safety accidents caused by monitoring lag.

[0034] 2. By incorporating spatial collision constraints, minimum personnel spacing, and equipment physical limits as constraints in the optimization problem, infeasible or dangerous action sequences can be directly eliminated when optimizing the advancement rhythm and planning the form transformation. This avoids downtime or mechanical damage caused by mechanical interference on site, thereby extending equipment life and reducing maintenance costs.

[0035] 3. In the creeping synchronous frequency zone, rhythm following control is enabled to achieve phase locking or speed following between the merging body and the tunnel boring machine under the premise of ensuring safety, reducing the number of waiting and start-up pauses; in the creeping adjustment zone, optimal speed or shape adjustment is achieved through predictive conflict detection and local model predictive control. By optimizing the rhythm coordination target and risk or synchronization error as joint targets, the unit advance rate can be improved and unplanned downtime can be reduced while taking safety into account. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the intelligent optimization method for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1: Intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0040] The data acquisition module is used to acquire relevant data on the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment;

[0041] The region division module is used to divide the tunnel area into tunnel functions;

[0042] The sequence acquisition module is used to obtain the first historical difference sequence of the peristaltic frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the peristaltic adjustment region according to the advancement rhythm;

[0043] The monitoring and adjustment module is used to adjust the monitoring frequency based on the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence;

[0044] The morphological transformation planning module is used to plan the morphological transformation of the merged structure based on BIM.

[0045] The advance rhythm optimization module is used to optimize the advance rhythm of the merging body when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to be coordinated.

[0046] The main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment for subway tunnels are obtained, and the combined form requirements and progress rhythm of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment in each tunnel area are obtained. The combined form is the combination form of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment in different tunnel areas and the combination with the ability to adjust the early warning range.

[0047] Each piece of equipment is assigned a unique equipment identifier within the system, and an equipment-component mapping relationship is established in BIM. Examples of main construction equipment include the tunnel boring machine body, tunneling head, or main drive unit; while examples of auxiliary construction equipment include concrete grouting pumps, temporary support frames, ventilation fans, or mobile platforms; and to ensure accurate judgment of the combined shape and advancement rhythm, at least the following data items are collected: equipment three-dimensional position, attitude (tilt / yaw / roll), instantaneous velocity and acceleration, outline dimensions / envelope information (static and dynamic envelope), current action mode or status code, equipment health indicators, such as temperature, vibration, or error codes, and environmental sensor data, such as local wind speed, oxygen content, and harmful gas concentration. All of the above data items are timestamped and written into the time series database for subsequent difference sequence calculation;

[0048] The term "merger" refers to a combination of main and auxiliary construction equipment within different tunnel areas, possessing the capability to adjust the warning range. Shape requirement extraction utilizes unique equipment identifiers and BIM area geometry, and follows the example steps below to obtain the merger's shape requirements:

[0049] A: Read the geometric constraints of the target tunnel area from the BIM;

[0050] B: Based on the envelope models of each device under different action sets (provided by the manufacturer or obtained through measurement), synthesize the overall spatial envelope of the merged entity under the current action or the target action;

[0051] C: Calculate the minimum and maximum possible envelopes required for the merged body, and mark the adjustable ranges (e.g., shrinkage amount, expansion allowable amount) as well as the corresponding action sequences and required auxiliary equipment;

[0052] D: If the envelope is close to or exceeds the safety boundary specified by BIM, add adjustment warning range information to the form requirements to indicate the conditions and priorities for triggering the adjustment;

[0053] The specific advancing rhythm refers to: the periodic characteristics of the tunnel boring machine's advance within the tunnel cross-section, the instantaneous advancing speed, the advancing direction vector, and the spectral characteristics of the rhythm; obtaining relevant speed or displacement time series from the tunnel boring machine control system, displacement sensors, and combined motion sensors, and then using autocorrelation analysis, short-time Fourier transform, or sliding window spectrum estimation methods to extract the dominant frequency, period, and phase information, and structuring it into a rhythm description record for storage.

[0054] Each tunnel area is divided into a morphological transformation area, a tunnel construction safety suffocation area, a creeping synchronous area, and a creeping adjustment area. The morphological transformation area is a combined entity composed of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment, which can safely transform its morphological form according to BIM and the morphological requirements of the combined entity in each tunnel area. The tunnel construction safety suffocation area is a dangerous area for personnel to be warned of when the combined entity is constructed in the tunnel area. The creeping synchronous area is a region where the combined entity is in sync with the advancement rhythm when advancing in each tunnel area. The advancement rhythm is the movement beat and direction of the tunnel boring machine when excavating in the tunnel area. The creeping adjustment area is a region where the combined entity is not in sync with the advancement rhythm when advancing in each tunnel area.

[0055] The section is designated as a shape transformation area when the following conditions are met simultaneously: the available space (including cross-sections and adjacent gaps) in the tunnel section in the BIM meets the minimum envelope space required for the merged body to transform from its current shape to the target shape; a suitable time window exists; and ventilation and personnel configuration allow for short-term shape transformation.

[0056] The ventilation efficiency within the area is calculated by combining the distribution of ventilation channels and equipment in BIM with on-site oxygen content and harmful gas concentration sensor data. When the assessment results indicate that the local oxygen content is below the safety threshold or harmful gases accumulate to a level that endangers personnel safety, the tunnel area is marked as a tunnel construction safety suffocation zone.

[0057] The velocity or displacement time series of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the merging structure are analyzed using a short-time sliding window. A standardized cross-correlation coefficient is calculated. Within each sliding window, the dominant frequency, amplitude, and phase information of the two sequences are extracted to calculate the cross-correlation coefficient, which is then compared to a threshold. When the cross-correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to the threshold, the tunnel segment corresponding to that time window is marked as a creeping synchronous region. Simultaneously, it is recommended to enable a rhythm-following control strategy to ensure the merging structure advances synchronously with the TBM with an acceptable synchronization error. When the cross-correlation coefficient is less than the threshold, or when the equipment envelope prediction model predicts that envelope intersection will occur in the future, that segment is marked as a creeping adjustment region. Simultaneously, predictive conflict detection and local model predictive control are enabled to calculate an optimal rate or morphology adjustment plan.

[0058] The cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm between the tunnel boring machine and the merging body is calculated in real time. When the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm is greater than or equal to the preset synchronous frequency threshold, the target tunnel section is marked as the creep synchronous frequency region, and rhythm following control is enabled in the target tunnel region to enable the merging body to advance synchronously with the tunnel boring machine while ensuring safety. When the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm is less than the preset synchronous frequency threshold or the predicted equipment envelopes intersect, the target tunnel section is marked as the creep adjustment region, and predictive conflict detection and local model predictive control are enabled to calculate the optimal speed or to carry out a morphological adjustment plan, such as forced deceleration or morphological contraction.

[0059] Obtain the first historical difference sequence of the creep frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the creep adjustment region; the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence are time series of the difference in the advance rhythm between the merged body and the tunnel boring machine.

[0060] Based on the division results of the regional division submodule, namely which time windows / mileage segments belong to the creep-frequency region or creep adjustment region, the shield machine advance rhythm time series, the merging body advance rhythm time series, and the sampling parameters, a first historical difference sequence generated and stored for each creep-frequency region and a second historical difference sequence generated and stored for each creep adjustment region are obtained; the difference sequence refers to the deviation of the merging body advance rhythm from the shield machine advance rhythm.

[0061] Based on the first and second historical difference sequences, root mean square, short-term rate of change, cross-correlation peak, conflict measure, and peak feature are extracted using a preset sliding window. Each feature is normalized to construct a first local score and a second local score. The first and second local scores are then weighted and averaged to obtain a monitoring importance score. A new sampling interval is obtained using an exponential mapping based on the monitoring importance score. The exponential mapping is described as follows:

[0062] ;

[0063] In the formula, For the new sampling interval; The minimum sampling interval; The maximum sampling interval; For the response slope coefficient; To monitor the importance score.

[0064] Examples of the first local score and the second local score provided in this embodiment are as follows:

[0065] Get window Root mean square on: In the formula For a moment The rhythm difference; For window The root mean square of the surface;

[0066] Get window Peak value above: ;

[0067] Obtain the short-term rate of change of RMS: In the formula For the short-term rate of change of RMS; For the previous window ; The time difference is the center of the window.

[0068] Obtaining the peak cross-correlation value: The cross-correlation function between the tunnel boring machine's advance rhythm time series and the combined tunnel's advance rhythm time series during delay... The maximum normalized value;

[0069] Obtain the conflict metric, which measures the ratio of the intersection volume to the merge volume, normalized to 0 to 1; the description is as follows: In the formula For conflict measurement; For at any time The three-dimensional spatial envelope of the tunnel boring machine; For at any time The three-dimensional spatial envelope of the lower merged body; This is a volume function for a 3D volume, returning either the physical volume or the product of the number of voxels and the volume of the voxels.

[0070] The first part of the score is: In the formula For the first part of the score; This represents the normalized short-term rate of change. This is the normalized root mean square. The peak value of the cross-correlation after normalization; The weighting coefficient for the first local score;

[0071] The second part of the score is: In the formula For the second part of the score; The peak value after normalization; The normalized conflict measure; This represents the weighting coefficient for the second local score.

[0072] The monitoring importance score is obtained by weighting the first local score and the second local score.

[0073] To control sensitivity in response to the slope coefficient, a typical recommended range is k∈[1,10], which can be adjusted through simulation or historical data;

[0074] Based on expert historical experience and system settings. and .

[0075] Obtain the BIM construction constraints, spatial boundaries, and time windows of the morphological transformation area, and based on the current and target merging shapes of the morphological transformation area, obtain the morphological transformation sequence, required auxiliary equipment actions, personnel and access restrictions, and the transformed spatial envelope; optimize the morphological transformation based on action graph search or minimum action cost.

[0076] BIM Analysis: Read the geometric information (patch, voxel, or mesh-based representation) of the shape transformation area, construction elements (embedded parts, pipelines, access ports), and the construction time window (calendar / time window field) related to the area through the IFC / JSON interface.

[0077] Spatial boundary establishment: Extract the boundary volume of the region from the BIM in the local coordinate system, and use it as the available spatial constraint for shape transformation. If there are dynamic components (such as temporary supports) in the BIM, their effective / ineffective time windows are considered during the reading process.

[0078] Time window determination: Combine the overall construction plan with real-time working conditions to determine the allowable execution time period for form transformation (e.g., nighttime or shield tunneling pause period), and use the time window as a feasibility constraint.

[0079] The action graph model is as follows: State nodes: Each node represents the configuration of the merged entity in a certain discrete form; Edges: Edges represent a single action or a combination of actions. Each edge carries the action time cost, risk cost (e.g., risk of nearby pipelines, ventilation impact), resource occupation cost (required auxiliary equipment, personnel), and feasibility constraints; Start point and end point: The start point is the current merged entity form node, and the end point is the target merged entity form node or a set of acceptable target nodes; thus, the form transformation sequence is obtained.

[0080] When the combined structure and the tunnel boring machine need to advance in a coordinated manner, an objective function is set to optimize the coordination of advancement and rhythm based on the creep frequency region or creep adjustment region, wherein the objective function is:

[0081] ;

[0082] In the formula, The cumulative time required to complete the task within the optimization decision-making period; For each time point The assessed risk indicators are summed to obtain a comprehensive risk index; For the merger in time The propulsion velocity vector or scalar; For the tunnel boring machine in time The speed of advancement; This is the weighting adjustment factor; It is the square of the L2 norm of the rate difference.

[0083] The advancement rhythm optimization module operates when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to advance in a coordinated manner. It optimizes the advancement strategy of the merging body according to the region type (creeping synchronous region or creeping adjustment region). The core is to make decisions on the advancement speed sequence of the merging body within a given optimization decision period, so that the objective function reaches the minimum value under the constraint conditions, thereby achieving a balance between the construction period, risk and consistency with the tunnel boring machine speed.

[0084] This reflects the overall project duration and cost that are expected to be minimized. In practice, it is approximated by accumulating the time cost of each step; or by using the distance to completion as a constraint, with the objective function containing... Proportionately encourage faster progress; : Reflects the cumulative safety / ventilation / personnel risks throughout the entire optimization period, calculated hourly by the constraint and indicator acquisition module and applied to the objective function; The squared term of the rate difference L2 norm is used to penalize the rate deviation between the merged body and the tunnel boring machine, ensuring the synchronization and stability of the advancement rhythm. The squared form makes the loss more obvious when the deviation is large, thereby driving the optimization result to be closer to the tunnel boring machine speed curve.

[0085] Constraints are imposed based on spatial collision constraints, ventilation and oxygen content lower limit constraints, equipment physical limits, and minimum safe personnel spacing. The comprehensive risk index is described as follows:

[0086] .

[0087] In the formula, For the first Time within the tunnel area The number of tunnel area classification categories at that time; For the first Time within the tunnel area Ventilation efficiency at that time; For the first Time within the tunnel area Availability of evacuation routes at the time; This refers to the weighting coefficients of the comprehensive risk indicators.

[0088] When optimizing the pace of advancement, the following constraints must be considered: Spatial collision constraints (hard constraints take priority): Ensure that there is no geometric intersection between the envelope of the merged body and the envelope of the tunnel boring machine, as well as any fixed / dynamic BIM components, at each moment; use bounding boxes or convex hulls to approximate the envelope to simplify distance calculations;

[0089] Ventilation and oxygen content lower limit constraints: Ensure that at any time and location, the local ventilation efficiency or oxygen content is not lower than the safe lower limit. Estimate using empirical functions and use them as constraints or add them to risk terms in the optimization.

[0090] Physical limits of the equipment: simultaneously setting upper limits on the rate of morphological contraction / expansion and the driving force to ensure the feasibility of the equipment;

[0091] Minimum safe distance between personnel: This constraint is obtained through a personnel positioning system for any time and any location of personnel present.

[0092] For the first Time within the tunnel area The number of tunnel area classification types at time indicates the number of tunnel area classification types at time . Region in time The number of marked / overlaid region types reflects the complexity / risk level of the region: the more types there are, the more restrictions need to be met simultaneously; this is directly calculated from the region label set output by the region partitioning module.

[0093] For the first Time within the tunnel area Ventilation efficiency at any given time is used to measure the risk contribution of deteriorating ventilation conditions to safety. This serves as a risk indicator for insufficient ventilation. The method of acquisition involves obtaining real-time ventilation-related quantities, such as local wind speed, air exchange rate, oxygen content, and carbon monoxide or toxic gas concentration, from ventilation / air quality sensors. A ventilation efficiency index is then calculated and converted into a risk measure. ;

[0094] For the first Time within the tunnel area Real-time evacuation route availability measures the risk contribution of insufficient evacuation route availability in the event of an emergency in the area. A higher value indicates less usable evacuation routes. The availability is obtained by acquiring evacuation route topology and shortest path information from BIM; combined with real-time personnel density detection and the envelope occupied by merging structures / construction equipment, the current availability of evacuation routes is assessed, converting availability into a risk metric. ;

[0095] Obtained through Bayesian and machine learning methods That is, it is obtained based on Bayesian linear regression, tree model or regularized regression and online learning / adaptive estimation.

[0096] Example 2: Based on Example 1, a smart optimization method for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0097] S1: Obtain relevant data on major and auxiliary construction equipment;

[0098] S2: Divide the tunnel area into tunnel functional zones;

[0099] S3: Obtain the first historical difference sequence of the peristaltic frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the peristaltic adjustment region based on the advancement rhythm;

[0100] S4: Adjust the monitoring frequency based on the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence;

[0101] S5: Plan the morphological transformation of the merged structure based on BIM;

[0102] S6: When the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to be coordinated in their advancement, optimize the advancement rhythm of the merging body.

[0103] Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims should be given the broadest interpretation so as to cover all variations and equivalent structures and functions.

Claims

1. A BIM-based intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction, characterized by: include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire relevant data of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment, including: acquiring the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment of the subway tunnel, acquiring the combined form requirements and progress rhythm of the main construction equipment and the auxiliary construction equipment in each tunnel area, wherein the combined form is the combination form of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment in different tunnel areas and the combination with the ability to adjust the early warning range; The main construction equipment includes the tunnel boring machine body, the tunneling head or the main drive unit; while the auxiliary construction equipment includes concrete grouting pumps, temporary support frames, ventilation fans or mobile platforms. The region division module is used to divide the tunnel area into functional zones, including: dividing each tunnel area into a form transformation zone, a tunnel construction safety suffocation zone, a creeping synchronous zone, and a creeping adjustment zone; the form transformation zone is a combined entity composed of the main construction equipment and auxiliary construction equipment, which can be safely transformed according to the BIM and the form requirements of the combined entity in each tunnel area; the tunnel construction safety suffocation zone is a danger zone for personnel during the construction of the combined entity in the tunnel area; the creeping synchronous zone is a zone where the combined entity advances in accordance with the advancing rhythm in each tunnel area; the advancing rhythm is the movement beat and direction of the tunnel boring machine during excavation in the tunnel area; the creeping adjustment zone is a zone where the combined entity advances in accordance with the advancing rhythm in each tunnel area. The sequence acquisition module is used to obtain a first historical difference sequence of the creep-frequency region and a second historical difference sequence of the creep-adjustment region according to the advancement rhythm, including: acquiring the first historical difference sequence of the creep-frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the creep-adjustment region; the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence are time series of the difference in advancement rhythm between the merging body and the tunnel boring machine; The difference sequence refers to the deviation of the combined body's advance rhythm from the tunnel boring machine's advance rhythm; The monitoring and adjustment module is used to adjust the monitoring frequency based on the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence; The morphological transformation planning module is used to plan the morphological transformation of the merged structure based on BIM. The advance rhythm optimization module is used to optimize the advance rhythm of the merging body when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to be coordinated.

2. The intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The region division module is used to divide the tunnel into creeping synchronous regions or creeping adjustment regions based on the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm. This includes: real-time calculation of the cross-correlation coefficient of the advancement rhythm between the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the merging body; when the cross-correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to a preset synchronous threshold, marking the target tunnel section as the creeping synchronous region and enabling rhythm following control within the target tunnel region to ensure the merging body advances synchronously with the TBM while maintaining safety; when the cross-correlation coefficient is less than the preset synchronous threshold or the predicted equipment envelopes intersect, marking the target tunnel section as the creeping adjustment region, enabling predictive conflict detection and local model predictive control to calculate the optimal speed or perform a morphological adjustment plan, such as forced deceleration or morphological contraction.

3. The intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring adjustment module is used to adjust the monitoring frequency according to the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence, including: extracting root mean square, short-term rate of change, cross-correlation peak, conflict measure, and peak feature according to the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence using a preset sliding window; normalizing each feature to construct a first local score and a second local score; obtaining a monitoring importance score by weighted averaging of the first local score and the second local score; and obtaining a new sampling interval based on the monitoring importance score using an exponential mapping, wherein the exponential mapping is described as follows: ； In the formula, For the new sampling interval; The minimum sampling interval; The maximum sampling interval; For the response slope coefficient; To monitor the importance score.

4. The intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The morphological transformation planning module is used to perform morphological transformation planning on the merged body based on BIM, including: obtaining the BIM construction constraints, spatial boundaries and time windows of the morphological transformation area, and obtaining the morphological transformation sequence, required auxiliary equipment actions, personnel and access restrictions and the transformed spatial envelope based on the current morphological transformation shape and the target morphological transformation shape of the morphological transformation area; and optimizing the morphological transformation based on action graph search or minimum action cost.

5. The intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The advance rhythm optimization module is used to optimize the advance rhythm of the merging body when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to advance in a coordinated manner. This includes: when the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to advance in a coordinated manner, setting an objective function based on the creep frequency region or creep adjustment region to optimize the coordination of advance and rhythm, wherein the objective function is: ； In the formula, The cumulative time required to complete the task within the optimization decision-making period; For each time point The assessed risk indicators are summed to obtain a comprehensive risk index; For the merger in time The propulsion velocity vector or scalar; For the tunnel boring machine in time The speed of advancement; This is the weighting adjustment factor; It is the square of the L2 norm of the rate difference.

6. The intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction based on BIM model as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The system includes a constraint and indicator acquisition module, used to acquire comprehensive risk indicators and constrain the objective function, including: constraining based on spatial collision constraints, ventilation and oxygen content lower limit constraints, equipment physical limits, and minimum personnel safety spacing. The comprehensive risk indicator acquisition is described as follows: ； In the formula, For the first Time within the tunnel area The number of tunnel area classification categories at that time; For the first Time within the tunnel area Ventilation efficiency at that time; For the first Time within the tunnel area Availability of evacuation routes at the time; This refers to the weighting coefficients of the comprehensive risk indicators.

7. A BIM model-based intelligent optimization method for subway tunnel construction, applied to the BIM model-based intelligent optimization system for subway tunnel construction as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: S1: Obtain relevant data on major and auxiliary construction equipment; S2: Divide the tunnel area into tunnel functional zones; S3: Obtain the first historical difference sequence of the peristaltic frequency region and the second historical difference sequence of the peristaltic adjustment region based on the advancement rhythm; S4: Adjust the monitoring frequency based on the first historical difference sequence and the second historical difference sequence; S5: Plan the morphological transformation of the merged structure based on BIM; S6: When the merging body and the tunnel boring machine need to be coordinated in their advancement, optimize the advancement rhythm of the merging body.

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