Composite conditioner for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioning, in particular to a preparation method of a composite conditioner for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil. Comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of powder, 2-4 parts of a compound additive, 10-15 parts of decomposed humic acid, 3-6 parts of enzymolysis alginic acid, 5-10 parts of corn straw powder, 5-8 parts of gypsum, 3-5 parts of diatomite, 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 1-3 parts of EM bacterial liquid, 6-10 parts of bamboo vinegar and 2-4 parts of chitosan. According to the preparation method, a cascade catalytic system is constructed through laccase and horse radish peroxidase of the composite additive, the immobilization effect of the magnetic attapulgite is combined, enzyme loss is avoided, the activity period is prolonged, the pretreated bamboo vinegar is concentrated and subjected to impurity removal, high-activity components are reserved, the pretreated bamboo vinegar is loaded on powder to achieve slow release, and the pretreated bamboo vinegar and double enzymes cooperate to inhibit reproduction of pathogenic bacteria; accumulation of autotoxic substances is reduced, and the prevention and control efficiency of soil-borne diseases is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil conditioning technology, specifically to a method for preparing a composite conditioner for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of facility agriculture in my country, soil-borne diseases have become one of the core issues restricting green agricultural production. At the same time, long-term continuous cropping and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have led to increasingly prominent soil degradation problems, such as soil acidification, salinization, lack of organic matter, and imbalance of microbial communities. These problems not only reduce soil fertility but also affect the yield and quality of agricultural products, posing potential threats to soil ecological health and groundwater environment. Therefore, there is a current need for key technologies to address soil-borne diseases and soil degradation.

[0003] In existing technologies, the antibacterial active ingredients lack efficient loading and slow-release carriers, leading to easy volatilization and loss, resulting in poor long-term antibacterial effects and low efficiency in controlling soil-borne diseases. Therefore, this invention provides a composite conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil, as well as its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality, and its preparation method. The compound conditioner prepared by this invention has the effects of controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts powder, 2-4 parts compound additive, 10-15 parts decomposed humic acid, 3-6 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, 5-10 parts corn straw powder, 5-8 parts gypsum, 3-5 parts diatomaceous earth, 2-4 parts superphosphate, 2-4 parts Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts Trichoderma harzianum, 1-3 parts EM bacterial solution, 6-10 parts bamboo vinegar solution, and 2-4 parts chitosan; The powder is prepared from bentonite powder, aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea; The bentonite powder is pretreated before being prepared into powder. The composite additive is prepared by a composite additive liquid and magnetic attapulgite clay. The bamboo vinegar is pretreated before the preparation of the compound conditioner.

[0006] Furthermore, the pretreatment method for the bentonite powder is as follows: the bentonite powder is placed in a plasma reactor, the vacuum is drawn to 10 Pa, argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 45-55 mL / min, and the treatment is carried out at a power of 100 W for 10-20 min to obtain pretreated bentonite powder, which is then sealed and stored.

[0007] Further, the preparation method of the powder is as follows: the pretreated bentonite powder is dispersed in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(8-12), aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea are added, the mixture is magnetically stirred at 300 rpm and 90°C for 6 h, then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10-20 min, the supernatant is discarded, the mixture is washed with deionized water until neutral, then dried at 105°C for 1-2 h, and pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the powder, wherein the mass of aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 25-30% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder, and the mass of urea is 15-20% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder.

[0008] Further, the preparation method of the composite additive solution is as follows: laccase and horseradish peroxidase are mixed at a mass ratio of (2-4):1, and then dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH=5.0 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6) to obtain the composite additive solution, wherein the activity of laccase is greater than 400 U / g, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is greater than 200 U / g, and the concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.08-0.12 mol / L.

[0009] Further, the preparation method of the magnetic attapulgite is as follows: attapulgite is passed through a 200-mesh sieve, mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and deionized water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6) to form a slurry. The pH is adjusted to 9 with ammonia water, and the mixture is co-precipitated at 60℃ for 2 hours. The precipitate is collected by magnetic separation, washed three times with deionized water, dried at 105℃, and ground to a particle size of 50-100 nm to obtain magnetic attapulgite. The mass of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 21.5-25% of the mass of attapulgite, and the mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 11-13.5% of the mass of attapulgite.

[0010] Further, the preparation method of the composite additive is as follows: add 0.1mM hydrogen peroxide solution to the composite additive liquid, stir at 300rpm for 10-20min to obtain a mixed liquid, mix the mixed liquid with magnetic attapulgite clay at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(0.8-1.2), stir and adsorb at 4℃ for 12h, and freeze-dry under vacuum to obtain the composite additive, wherein the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is 1.5-2.5% of the volume of the composite additive liquid.

[0011] Furthermore, the pretreatment method for the bamboo vinegar is as follows: the bamboo vinegar is transferred into a vacuum distillation apparatus with a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa, heated in a water bath at 50-60℃ to 30-40% of the original volume of the bamboo vinegar to obtain concentrated bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon is added to the concentrated bamboo vinegar, and the mixture is stirred at 40℃ for 30 minutes. The mixture is then filtered through 100-mesh filter paper to obtain pretreated bamboo vinegar, wherein the mass of activated carbon is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the concentrated bamboo vinegar.

[0012] Furthermore, the corn stalk powder is pulverized to 1 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the diatomaceous earth has a particle size of less than 0.5 mm.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil, comprising the following steps: S1: Mix corn stalk powder with well-rotted humic acid, inoculate with EM bacterial solution, compost at 25-35℃ for 10 days, turning the pile twice during the period to obtain fermented organic material. S2: Mix the powder with the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid and stir at 100 rpm for 20-30 minutes to obtain a premixed liquid; S3: Mix Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, add sterile water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6), then add sucrose at 1-3% of the mass of sterile water, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min, and shake at 150 rpm and 30℃ for 1-2 h to obtain activated bacterial solution; S4: Mix the composite additive, chitosan, and enzymatically hydrolyzed alginate, stir at 100 rpm for 10-20 min, inoculate with activated bacterial solution, and obtain the adjuvant complex. S5: Mix fermented organic materials, premixed liquid, auxiliary compound, gypsum, diatomaceous earth and superphosphate, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, a cascade catalytic system is constructed by combining laccase and horseradish peroxidase in composite additives. Laccase preferentially oxidizes autotoxic substances to generate intermediates, and horseradish peroxidase further degrades them into harmless small molecules. Combined with the immobilization effect of magnetic attapulgite, enzyme loss is avoided and the activity period is extended. The pretreated bamboo vinegar is concentrated and impurities are removed to retain highly active ingredients, which are loaded onto powder to achieve slow release. Together with the two enzymes, it inhibits the reproduction of pathogens, reduces the accumulation of autotoxic substances, and improves the efficiency of soil-borne disease control.

[0016] 2. In this invention, the plasma-modified bentonite forms a layered water-holding structure through aluminum pillars, and the porous magnetic carrier of the composite additives interweaves with the powder to form a three-dimensional water storage network, further enhancing water storage. The pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid regulates the soil colloidal structure through organic acids, improves the water permeability of sandy soil, enhances the soil's water retention and rainwater infiltration capacity, promotes the formation of aggregate structure, and enhances the soil's water retention capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The flowchart illustrates a composite conditioner for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil, as well as its preparation method. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] A compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts powder, 2-4 parts compound additive, 10-15 parts decomposed humic acid, 3-6 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, 5-10 parts corn straw powder, 5-8 parts gypsum, 3-5 parts diatomaceous earth, 2-4 parts superphosphate, 2-4 parts Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts Trichoderma harzianum, 1-3 parts EM bacterial solution, 6-10 parts bamboo vinegar solution, and 2-4 parts chitosan.

[0021] In this embodiment, the powder is prepared from bentonite powder, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, and urea.

[0022] In this embodiment, the bentonite powder is pretreated before being prepared into powder.

[0023] In this embodiment, the composite additive is prepared by a composite additive liquid and magnetic attapulgite clay.

[0024] In this embodiment, bamboo vinegar is pretreated before being used to prepare a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

[0025] In this embodiment, the powder is prepared as follows: the pretreated bentonite powder is dispersed in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(8-12), aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea are added, and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 300 rpm and 90°C for 6 hours. Then, it is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10-20 minutes, the supernatant is discarded, and the mixture is washed with deionized water until neutral. Then, it is dried at 105°C for 1-2 hours, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the powder. The mass of aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 25-30% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder, and the mass of urea is 15-20% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder.

[0026] In this embodiment, the pretreatment method for bentonite powder is as follows: the bentonite powder is placed in a plasma reactor, the vacuum is drawn to 10Pa, argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 45-55mL / min, and the treatment is carried out at a power of 100W for 10-20min to obtain pretreated bentonite powder, which is then sealed and stored.

[0027] In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite additive is as follows: add 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide solution to the composite additive liquid, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a mixed liquid, mix the mixed liquid with magnetic attapulgite clay at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(0.8-1.2), stir and adsorb at 4℃ for 12 h, and freeze dry under vacuum to obtain the composite additive, wherein the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is 1.5-2.5% of the volume of the composite additive liquid.

[0028] In this embodiment, the preparation method of the composite additive solution is as follows: laccase and horseradish peroxidase are mixed at a mass ratio of (2-4):1, and then dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH=5.0 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6) to obtain the composite additive solution. The activity of laccase is greater than 400 U / g, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is greater than 200 U / g, and the concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.08-0.12 mol / L.

[0029] In this embodiment, the preparation method of magnetic attapulgite is as follows: attapulgite is passed through a 200-mesh sieve, mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and deionized water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6) to form a slurry. The pH is adjusted to 9 with ammonia water, and the mixture is co-precipitated at 60℃ for 2 hours. The precipitate is collected by magnetic separation, washed three times with deionized water, dried at 105℃, and ground to a particle size of 50-100 nm to obtain magnetic attapulgite. The mass of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 21.5-25% of the mass of attapulgite, and the mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 11-13.5% of the mass of attapulgite.

[0030] In this embodiment, the pretreatment method of bamboo vinegar is as follows: the bamboo vinegar is transferred into a vacuum distillation apparatus with a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa, heated in a water bath at 50-60℃ to 30-40% of the original volume of bamboo vinegar to obtain concentrated bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon is added to the concentrated bamboo vinegar, and the mixture is stirred at 40℃ for 30 minutes. The mixture is then filtered with 100-mesh filter paper to obtain pretreated bamboo vinegar. The mass of activated carbon is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the concentrated bamboo vinegar.

[0031] In this embodiment, the corn stalk powder is pulverized to 1mm.

[0032] In this embodiment, the diatomaceous earth particle size is less than 0.5 mm.

[0033] In this embodiment, the preparation method of the compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil includes the following steps: S1: Mix corn stalk powder with well-rotted humic acid, inoculate with EM bacterial solution, compost at 25-35℃ for 10 days, turning the pile twice during the period to obtain fermented organic material. S2: Mix the powder with the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid and stir at 100 rpm for 20-30 minutes to obtain a premixed liquid; S3: Mix Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, add sterile water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6), then add sucrose at 1-3% of the mass of sterile water, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min, and shake at 150 rpm and 30℃ for 1-2 h to obtain activated bacterial solution; S4: Mix the composite additive, chitosan, and enzymatically hydrolyzed alginate, stir at 100 rpm for 10-20 min, inoculate with activated bacterial solution, and obtain the adjuvant complex. S5: Mix fermented organic materials, premixed liquid, auxiliary compound, gypsum, diatomaceous earth and superphosphate, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

[0034] Based on the foregoing embodiments, the inventors also conducted the following sets of experiments: It should be noted that all raw materials used in the following experiments are commercially available.

[0035] Experiment 1: Prepare the following raw materials by weight: 15 parts powder, 2 parts compound additive, 10 parts fermented humic acid, 3 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, 5 parts corn stalk powder, 5 parts gypsum, 3 parts diatomaceous earth, 2 parts superphosphate, 2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts Trichoderma harzianum, 1 part EM bacterial solution, 6 parts bamboo vinegar solution, and 2 parts chitosan.

[0036] (1) Pretreatment of bentonite powder: Bentonite powder is placed in a plasma reactor, vacuumed to 10 Pa, and argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 45 mL / min and a power of 100 W for 10 min to obtain pretreated bentonite powder, which is then sealed and stored.

[0037] (2) Preparation of powder: Disperse the pretreated bentonite powder in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:8, add aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea, stir magnetically at 300 rpm and 90℃ for 6 h, then centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 min, discard the supernatant, wash with deionized water until neutral, dry at 105℃ for 1 h, pulverize and pass through an 80 mesh sieve to obtain powder, wherein the mass of aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 25% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder, and the mass of urea is 15% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder.

[0038] (3) Preparation of compound additive solution: Laccase and horseradish peroxidase are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1, and then dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH=5.0 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4 to obtain compound additive solution, wherein the activity of laccase is greater than 400U / g, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is greater than 200U / g, and the concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.08mol / L.

[0039] (4) Preparation of magnetic attapulgite: The attapulgite was passed through a 200-mesh sieve and mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. Deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4 to make a slurry. The pH was adjusted to 9 with ammonia water. The mixture was co-precipitated at 60°C for 2 hours. The precipitate was collected by magnetic separation. The precipitate was washed three times with deionized water, dried at 105°C, and ground to a particle size of 50 nm to obtain magnetic attapulgite. The mass of ferric chloride hexahydrate was 21.5% of the mass of attapulgite, and the mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was 11% of the mass of attapulgite.

[0040] (5) Preparation of composite additive: Add 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide solution to the composite additive liquid, stir at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain a mixture, mix the mixture with magnetic attapulgite soil at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:0.8, stir and adsorb at 4℃ for 12 h, and freeze dry under vacuum to obtain the composite additive, wherein the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is 1.5% of the volume of the composite additive liquid.

[0041] (6) Pretreatment of bamboo vinegar: The bamboo vinegar is transferred into a vacuum distillation apparatus with a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa and heated in a 50°C water bath to 40% of the original volume of bamboo vinegar to obtain concentrated bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon is added to the concentrated bamboo vinegar and stirred at 40°C for 30 minutes. The mixture is then filtered with 100-mesh filter paper to obtain pretreated bamboo vinegar. The mass of activated carbon is 0.1% of the mass of the concentrated bamboo vinegar.

[0042] (7) Preparation of fermented organic materials: Mix corn straw powder with decomposed humic acid, inoculate with EM bacterial solution, compost at 25℃ for 10 days, turning the pile twice during the period to obtain fermented organic materials.

[0043] (8) Preparation of premixed liquid: Mix the powder with the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid and stir at 100 rpm for 20 min to obtain the premixed liquid.

[0044] (9) Preparation of activated bacterial solution: Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are mixed, sterile water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4, and sucrose at 1% of the mass of sterile water is added. Stir at 300 rpm for 10 min, and then shake at 150 rpm and 30℃ for 1 h to obtain activated bacterial solution.

[0045] (10) Preparation of adjuvant complex: Mix the composite additive, chitosan and enzymatically hydrolyzed alginate, stir at 100 rpm for 10 min, and inoculate with activated bacterial solution to obtain adjuvant complex.

[0046] (11) Preparation of a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil: Fermented organic materials, premixed liquid, adjuvant compound, gypsum, diatomaceous earth and superphosphate are mixed and stirred at 300 rpm for 10 min to obtain a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

[0047] Experiment 2: Prepare the following raw materials by weight: 20 parts powder, 3 parts compound additive, 12 parts fermented humic acid, 4 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, 8 parts corn stalk powder, 6 parts gypsum, 4 parts diatomaceous earth, 3 parts superphosphate, 3 parts Bacillus subtilis, 3 parts Trichoderma harzianum, 2 parts EM bacterial solution, 8 parts bamboo vinegar solution, and 3 parts chitosan.

[0048] (1) Pretreatment of bentonite powder: Bentonite powder is placed in a plasma reactor, vacuumed to 10 Pa, and argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 50 mL / min and a power of 100 W for 15 min to obtain pretreated bentonite powder, which is then sealed and stored.

[0049] (2) Preparation of powder: The pretreated bentonite powder was dispersed in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. Aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea were added. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 300 rpm and 90°C for 6 h. Then, it was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the mixture was washed with deionized water until neutral. The mixture was then dried at 105°C for 1.5 h and pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder. The mass of aluminum chloride hexahydrate was 28% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder, and the mass of urea was 18% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder.

[0050] (3) Preparation of compound additive solution: Laccase and horseradish peroxidase are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1, and then dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH=5.0 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 to obtain compound additive solution, wherein the activity of laccase is greater than 400U / g, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is greater than 200U / g, and the concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.1mol / L.

[0051] (4) Preparation of magnetic attapulgite: The attapulgite was passed through a 200-mesh sieve and mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. Deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 to make a slurry. The pH was adjusted to 9 with ammonia water. The mixture was co-precipitated at 60°C for 2 hours. The precipitate was collected by magnetic separation. The precipitate was washed three times with deionized water, dried at 105°C, and ground to a particle size of 75 nm to obtain magnetic attapulgite. The mass of ferric chloride hexahydrate was 23% of the mass of attapulgite, and the mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was 12% of the mass of attapulgite.

[0052] (5) Preparation of composite additive: Add 0.1mM hydrogen peroxide solution to the composite additive liquid, stir at 300rpm for 15min to obtain a mixture, mix the mixture with magnetic attapulgite soil at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:1, stir and adsorb at 4℃ for 12h, and freeze dry under vacuum to obtain the composite additive, wherein the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is 2% of the volume of the composite additive liquid.

[0053] (6) Pretreatment of bamboo vinegar: The bamboo vinegar is transferred to a vacuum distillation apparatus with a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa and heated in a water bath at 55°C to 35% of the original volume of bamboo vinegar to obtain concentrated bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon is added to the concentrated bamboo vinegar and stirred at 40°C for 30 minutes. The mixture is then filtered with 100-mesh filter paper to obtain pretreated bamboo vinegar. The mass of activated carbon is 0.15% of the mass of the concentrated bamboo vinegar.

[0054] (7) Preparation of fermented organic materials: Mix corn straw powder with decomposed humic acid, inoculate with EM bacterial solution, compost at 30℃ for 10 days, turning the pile twice during the period to obtain fermented organic materials.

[0055] (8) Preparation of premixed liquid: Mix the powder with the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid and stir at 100 rpm for 25 min to obtain the premixed liquid.

[0056] (9) Preparation of activated bacterial solution: Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are mixed, sterile water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and sucrose accounting for 2% of the mass of sterile water is added. Stir at 300 rpm for 15 min, and then shake at 150 rpm and 30℃ for 1.5 h to obtain activated bacterial solution.

[0057] (10) Preparation of adjuvant complex: Mix the composite additive, chitosan and enzymatically hydrolyzed alginate, stir at 100 rpm for 15 min, and inoculate with activated bacterial solution to obtain adjuvant complex.

[0058] (11) Preparation of a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil: Fermented organic materials, premixed liquid, adjuvant compound, gypsum, diatomaceous earth and superphosphate are mixed and stirred at 300 rpm for 15 min to obtain a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

[0059] Experiment 3: Prepare the following raw materials by weight: 25 parts powder, 4 parts compound additive, 15 parts fermented humic acid, 6 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, 10 parts corn stalk powder, 8 parts gypsum, 5 parts diatomaceous earth, 4 parts superphosphate, 4 parts Bacillus subtilis, 4 parts Trichoderma harzianum, 3 parts EM bacterial solution, 10 parts bamboo vinegar solution, and 4 parts chitosan.

[0060] (1) Pretreatment of bentonite powder: Bentonite powder is placed in a plasma reactor, vacuumed to 10 Pa, and argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 55 mL / min and a power of 100 W for 20 min to obtain pretreated bentonite powder, which is then sealed and stored.

[0061] (2) Preparation of powder: The pretreated bentonite powder was dispersed in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12. Aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea were added. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 300 rpm and 90°C for 6 h. Then, it was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the mixture was washed with deionized water until neutral. The mixture was then dried at 105°C for 2 h and pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder. The mass of aluminum chloride hexahydrate was 30% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder, and the mass of urea was 20% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder.

[0062] (3) Preparation of compound additive solution: Laccase and horseradish peroxidase are mixed at a mass ratio of 4:1, and then dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH=5.0 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 to obtain compound additive solution, wherein the activity of laccase is greater than 400U / g, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is greater than 200U / g, and the concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.12mol / L.

[0063] (4) Preparation of magnetic attapulgite: The attapulgite was passed through a 200-mesh sieve and mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. Deionized water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6 to make a slurry. The pH was adjusted to 9 with ammonia water. The mixture was co-precipitated at 60°C for 2 hours. The precipitate was collected by magnetic separation. The precipitate was washed three times with deionized water, dried at 105°C, and ground to a particle size of 100 nm to obtain magnetic attapulgite. The mass of ferric chloride hexahydrate was 25% of the mass of attapulgite, and the mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was 13.5% of the mass of attapulgite.

[0064] (5) Preparation of composite additive: Add 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide solution to the composite additive liquid, stir at 300 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixture, mix the mixture with magnetic attapulgite soil at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:1.2, stir and adsorb at 4℃ for 12 h, and freeze dry under vacuum to obtain the composite additive, wherein the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is 2.5% of the volume of the composite additive liquid.

[0065] (6) Pretreatment of bamboo vinegar: The bamboo vinegar is transferred to a vacuum distillation apparatus with a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa and heated in a water bath at 60°C to 30% of the original volume of bamboo vinegar to obtain concentrated bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon is added to the concentrated bamboo vinegar and stirred at 40°C for 30 minutes. The mixture is then filtered with 100-mesh filter paper to obtain pretreated bamboo vinegar. The mass of activated carbon is 0.2% of the mass of the concentrated bamboo vinegar.

[0066] (7) Preparation of fermented organic materials: Mix corn straw powder with decomposed humic acid, inoculate with EM bacterial solution, compost at 35℃ for 10 days, turning the pile twice during the period to obtain fermented organic materials.

[0067] (8) Preparation of premixed liquid: Mix the powder with the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid and stir at 100 rpm for 30 min to obtain the premixed liquid.

[0068] (9) Preparation of activated bacterial solution: Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are mixed, sterile water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6, and sucrose at 3% of the mass of sterile water is added. Stir at 300 rpm for 20 min, and then shake at 150 rpm and 30℃ for 2 h to obtain activated bacterial solution.

[0069] (10) Preparation of adjuvant complex: Mix the composite additive, chitosan and enzymatically hydrolyzed alginate, stir at 100 rpm for 20 min, and inoculate with activated bacterial solution to obtain adjuvant complex.

[0070] (11) Preparation of a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil: Fermented organic materials, premixed liquid, adjuvant compound, gypsum, diatomaceous earth and superphosphate are mixed and stirred at 300 rpm for 20 min to obtain a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

[0071] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is as follows: This comparative example does not contain any powder.

[0072] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is as follows: This comparative example does not contain any composite additives.

[0073] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is that: In this comparative example, the bamboo vinegar solution was not pretreated.

[0074] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is as follows: In this comparative example, the bentonite powder was not pretreated.

[0075] Performance testing: The performance of the compound conditioners for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil prepared in Experiments 1, 2, 3, Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 was tested. The test data are recorded in the table below: Table 1

[0076] In the performance test, the test object was the soil of a cucumber continuous cropping field. Soil from the 0-20cm topsoil layer was collected, and impurities such as stones and plant residues were removed. After natural air drying, the soil was sieved through a 2mm sieve and used as the soil sample for testing. A 1L plastic pot was used as the culture container, and 500g of soil sample was placed in each pot. The compound conditioner prepared in each group was added to the soil at a ratio of 10g of compound conditioner per soil sample, and the water holding capacity of the soil sample was adjusted to 70%. The samples were placed in a 25℃ constant temperature incubator and cultured in the dark for 7 days. Disease resistance is expressed by the degradation rate of autotoxic substances. Phenolic autotoxic substances are selected as the test objects. The initial content and the content of phenolic autotoxic substances in the soil after 7 days of treatment are determined by HJ 703-2014. The degradation rate is calculated as follows: Degradation rate = (initial content - content after 7 days of treatment) / initial content × 100%. The higher the degradation rate, the better the disease resistance. The water retention capacity test was conducted in accordance with NY / T 1121.22-2010. The soil water holding capacity was measured after 7 days of treatment. The higher the water holding capacity, the better the water retention capacity.

[0077] The degradation rates of the composite conditioners prepared in Experiment 1, Experiment 2, Experiment 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4 for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil were 77.2%, 79.7%, 82.5%, 50.3%, 46.8%, 59.5%, and 62.4%, respectively.

[0078] The initial soil water holding capacity of the composite conditioners prepared in Experiment 1, Experiment 2, Experiment 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil were 32.5%, 34.2%, 36.8%, 24.7%, 26.1%, 30.7% and 28.4%, respectively.

[0079] It is evident that the disease prevention and water retention capabilities of the composite conditioners prepared in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality are all lower than those in Experiments 1, 2, and 3. This indicates that the composite additives in the composite conditioner achieve the stepwise oxidative degradation of soil autotoxic substances through a cascade catalytic system constructed from laccase and horseradish peroxidase. The immobilization effect of magnetic attapulgite ensures stable enzyme retention, preventing enzyme activity loss and continuously exerting the degradation effect of autotoxic substances. At the same time, it synergistically inhibits the reproduction of toxin-producing pathogens with other components in the system, reducing the continuous generation of autotoxic substances and lowering the accumulation of autotoxic substances in the soil. The bentonite powder pretreated with plasma and modified with aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea forms a layered structure, which, combined with the porous magnetic carrier of the composite additives, constructs a three-dimensional water storage network, enhancing the soil's water storage capacity. The organic acid components in the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid regulate the soil colloidal structure, improve soil pore characteristics, promote the formation of aggregate structure, enhance the soil's ability to adsorb and retain water, and reduce water loss. The comparison sample does not contain powder, and without its layered water-holding structure, the soil's water-holding and retention capacity will be significantly reduced. Without composite additives, the lack of enzyme-catalyzed degradation and immobilization effects will result in a lack of active ingredients for degrading autotoxic substances, leading to a lower degradation rate and insufficient disease prevention ability. Without pretreatment, the bamboo vinegar will have a low concentration of effective ingredients, which will not be able to play an effective role, and it will also contain impurities, resulting in poor conditioner effects. Without pretreatment, bentonite will cause enzymes to be easily lost, leading to a decrease in the degradation efficiency of autotoxic substances. At the same time, the soil cannot form a stable water storage network, and its ability to adsorb ions and water is weakened, affecting disease control and soil water retention capacity.

[0080] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the composite conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil prepared in this invention not only has good disease prevention capabilities but also good water retention and water holding capabilities. This indicates that the composite conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil, as well as its preparation method, provided by this invention, has a broader market prospect and is more suitable for widespread application.

[0081] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0082] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 15-25 parts powder, 2-4 parts compound additives, 10-15 parts fermented humic acid, 3-6 parts enzymatically hydrolyzed alginic acid, 5-10 parts corn straw powder, 5-8 parts gypsum, 3-5 parts diatomaceous earth, 2-4 parts superphosphate, 2-4 parts Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts Trichoderma harzianum, 1-3 parts EM bacterial solution, 6-10 parts bamboo vinegar, and 2-4 parts chitosan; The powder is prepared from bentonite powder, aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea; The bentonite powder is pretreated before being prepared into powder. The composite additive is prepared by a composite additive liquid and magnetic attapulgite clay. The process involves pretreatment of bamboo vinegar before it is used to prepare a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality.

2. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The powder is prepared as follows: pretreated bentonite powder is dispersed in deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(8-12), aluminum chloride hexahydrate and urea are added, and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 300 rpm and 90°C for 6 hours. Then, it is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10-20 minutes, the supernatant is discarded, and the mixture is washed with deionized water until neutral. Then, it is dried at 105°C for 1-2 hours, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the powder. The mass of aluminum chloride hexahydrate is 25-30% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder, and the mass of urea is 15-20% of the mass of the pretreated bentonite powder.

3. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment method for the bentonite powder is as follows: the bentonite powder is placed in a plasma reactor, the vacuum is drawn to 10Pa, argon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 45-55mL / min, and the treatment is carried out at a power of 100W for 10-20min to obtain pretreated bentonite powder, which is then sealed and stored.

4. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite additive is as follows: add 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide solution to the composite additive liquid, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a mixed liquid, mix the mixed liquid with magnetic attapulgite clay at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(0.8-1.2), stir and adsorb at 4℃ for 12 h, and freeze dry under vacuum to obtain the composite additive, wherein the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution is 1.5-2.5% of the volume of the composite additive liquid.

5. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the composite additive solution is as follows: laccase and horseradish peroxidase are mixed at a mass ratio of (2-4):1, and then dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH=5.0 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6) to obtain the composite additive solution, wherein the activity of laccase is greater than 400 U / g, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is greater than 200 U / g, and the concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.08-0.12 mol / L.

6. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the magnetic attapulgite is as follows: attapulgite is passed through a 200-mesh sieve, mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and deionized water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6) to form a slurry. The pH is adjusted to 9 with ammonia water, and the mixture is co-precipitated at 60℃ for 2 hours. The precipitate is collected by magnetic separation, washed three times with deionized water, dried at 105℃, and ground to a particle size of 50-100 nm to obtain magnetic attapulgite. The mass of ferric chloride hexahydrate is 21.5-25% of the mass of attapulgite, and the mass of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 11-13.5% of the mass of attapulgite.

7. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment method for the bamboo vinegar is as follows: the bamboo vinegar is transferred into a vacuum distillation apparatus with a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa, and heated in a water bath at 50-60℃ to 30-40% of the original volume of the bamboo vinegar to obtain concentrated bamboo vinegar. Activated carbon is added to the concentrated bamboo vinegar, and the mixture is stirred at 40℃ for 30 minutes. The mixture is then filtered through 100-mesh filter paper to obtain pretreated bamboo vinegar, wherein the mass of activated carbon is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the concentrated bamboo vinegar.

8. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corn stalk powder is pulverized to 1 mm.

9. The compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diatomaceous earth particles are less than 0.5 mm in size.

10. The method for preparing the composite conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Mix corn stalk powder with well-rotted humic acid, inoculate with EM bacterial solution, compost at 25-35℃ for 10 days, turning the pile twice during the period to obtain fermented organic material. S2: Mix the powder with the pretreated bamboo vinegar liquid and stir at 100 rpm for 20-30 minutes to obtain a premixed liquid; S3: Mix Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, add sterile water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6), then add sucrose, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min, and shake at 150 rpm and 30℃ for 1-2 h to obtain activated bacterial solution; S4: Mix the composite additive, chitosan, and enzymatically hydrolyzed alginate, stir at 100 rpm for 10-20 min, inoculate with activated bacterial solution, and obtain the adjuvant complex. S5: Mix fermented organic materials, premixed liquid, auxiliary compound, gypsum, diatomaceous earth and superphosphate, stir at 300 rpm for 10-20 min to obtain a compound conditioner for controlling soil-borne diseases and improving soil.

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