Device and method for testing the abrasion resistance of particulate proppants and plugging materials
By designing a wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials, and simulating a complex wear environment in the well, the problem of insufficient evaluation standards in existing technologies is solved, the accuracy of wear quantification and adaptability to multiple working conditions are achieved, and the scientific nature of the wear resistance evaluation of materials is improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies cannot effectively simulate the complex wear environment in downhole, resulting in a lack of unified standards for evaluating the wear resistance of plugging materials and fracturing proppant, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of oil and gas engineering.
A wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials was designed, including a test bracket, a support body, a grinding ring, a drive mechanism, and a lifting assembly. By simulating downhole high stress, fluid impact, and shearing, and combining a torque sensor and a control module, the device can accurately quantify the amount of wear.
It significantly improves the accuracy of wear quantification, provides a method for evaluating the wear resistance of plugging materials and fracturing proppant, meets the multi-condition simulation needs of oil and gas engineering, and enhances the scientific nature of material research and engineering selection.
Smart Images
Figure CN121702931B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of material performance testing technology, and is a device and evaluation method for testing and evaluating the wear resistance of particulate support materials and plugging materials. Background Technology
[0002] With the deepening development of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, and unconventional oil and gas resources, drilling, cementing, and fracturing operations under extreme temperature and pressure environments place increasingly stringent wear resistance requirements on granular materials. In drilling operations, various shapes and granular plugging materials must construct sealing zones within fractures, cavities, and faults to maintain wellbore pressure balance. During fracturing and production enhancement, granular proppant must form a stable support framework under high pressure, high flow velocity, and strong fracture environments to maintain fracture conductivity. Both plugging materials and fracturing proppants are essentially granular systems that undergo long-term high stress and multi-field coupling effects downhole. Their wear resistance directly determines the structural integrity of the sealing zone or support framework and the long-term stability of oil and gas development.
[0003] The wear environment of downhole granular materials is a result of multiple mechanical forces, including fluid-carrying sand impact, drill string rotation, shearing, and compression. This causes the particles to gradually break down, producing fine powder, leading to loosening of the plugging layer or a decrease in fracturing support capacity. Developing a realistic and effective characterization method to reflect this type of "complex wear" is crucial for evaluating the reliability of granular materials, resulting in a persistent lack of a stable and reasonable method for evaluating particle wear resistance in engineering practice.
[0004] Material wear caused by fluid impact and the grinding and shearing of particles by metal surfaces exhibit similar wear energy consumption and wear patterns. Based on this "energy equivalence" concept, the energy consumption of granular materials during downhole wear can be simulated relatively stably in the laboratory through the grinding contact between the metal arc surface and the particles. Combined with a preset load P and rotational speed r, typical stress states during drilling and fracturing processes can be simulated, thus forming wear behavior that more closely resembles real working conditions. However, existing methods often employ planar friction, low-speed stirring, or simple impact methods, which are difficult to reflect the characteristics of local high stress and arc surface contact downhole. They also cannot accurately control the loading path, collect wear debris, or quantify the amount of wear, resulting in significant deviations between test results and actual wear conditions. Consequently, there is a lack of unified wear resistance evaluation standards for plugging materials and proppants, making it difficult to compare the wear resistance performance between materials.
[0005] The aforementioned shortcomings limit both material development and engineering optimization. The sealing material is prone to secondary leakage after wear, and the fracturing proppant increases in fine powder and decreases in conductivity after wear. Furthermore, it is impossible to systematically study the effects of particle size, strength, and formulation on wear resistance during material development.
[0006] Chinese patent document CN112525752A discloses a device and method for testing the wear resistance of coated ceramics. This method is used in the testing of fine ceramic coatings for wear resistance. The purpose of this device is to provide a method for measuring wear resistance (wear rate). Testing is performed on coated ceramics with a known plane or surface curvature radius, applicable only to uniform coatings. Detailed analysis of the treatment determines the wear rate of the coating on curved surfaces. The coating test produces a penetration, which can provide the wear coefficient for both the coating and the substrate from a test series. Although the test is intended to allow for quantitative measurement of the wear coefficient, it can be adapted as a component for use as a quality control test.
[0007] The above technical solution has shortcomings, specifically in three aspects: First, the test target is too specific, applicable only to uniform ceramic coating materials, and cannot be adapted to the testing of loose particulate systems such as plugging materials and fracturing proppant in oil and gas engineering. The dispersibility and particle size diversity of such particulate materials are completely different from those of dense and uniform ceramic coatings. Second, the test scenario does not match the stress simulation, failing to consider the composite wear environment of fluid erosion, high-stress shearing, and extrusion superimposed in oil and gas wells, and cannot simulate typical drilling and fracturing conditions. Third, the functional design has shortcomings, lacking a wear debris collection structure, and key parameters such as pressure and rotation speed cannot be flexibly adjusted, making it difficult to meet the needs of accurate quantification of particulate material wear and simulation of multiple working conditions. Summary of the Invention
[0008] This invention provides a wear resistance testing device and evaluation method for granular support materials and plugging materials, overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problem that existing material wear tests are too specific and cannot be adapted to the testing of plugging materials and fracturing proppant in oil and gas engineering.
[0009] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials, comprising a test bracket, a test platform, a support body, a grinding ring, a drive mechanism, and a lifting assembly. The lower part of the test bracket is provided with a lifting assembly that enables the test platform to move up and down. A columnar support body is installed on the upper part of the test platform. The upper end of the support body is provided with a groove that runs through the left and right sides. A grinding groove for placing the material to be tested is provided on the bottom wall of the groove. A roughening medium layer is provided in the grinding groove. A grinding shaft is rotatably installed on the inner side of the upper part of the test bracket corresponding to the position above the support body. A grinding ring is fixed on the outer side of the middle part of the grinding shaft. The upper part of the test bracket is provided with a drive mechanism that can drive the grinding shaft to rotate. When the grinding ring rotates, it can grind the material to be tested in the grinding groove with the roughening medium layer.
[0010] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to one of the above-mentioned technical solutions:
[0011] The above may also include a data acquisition module, a control module, and a host computer. Both the grinding groove and the recess are arc-shaped with the opening facing upwards. The central axis of the recess is parallel to the central axis of the grinding shaft. The drive mechanism includes a drive motor, a driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, and a torque sensor. A driven bevel gear is fixedly installed on the outer side of the right end of the grinding shaft. A torque sensor is installed between the test bracket and the outer side of the right side of the grinding shaft. A drive motor is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper part of the test bracket corresponding to the right position of the grinding shaft. A driving bevel gear that meshes with the driven bevel gear is fixedly installed at the rear end of the output shaft of the drive motor. The torque sensor is connected to the data acquisition module. Both the data acquisition module and the drive motor are connected to the control module. The control module is connected to the host computer.
[0012] The aforementioned lifting assembly may include guide columns, a lifting cylinder, a load sensor, and a displacement sensor. Several guide columns are spaced circumferentially along the inner side of the test bracket. The upper side of the test platform is provided with guide holes corresponding to the guide columns, and the guide columns pass through the guide holes at the corresponding positions. A lifting cylinder is fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the test bracket. A load sensor is installed between the upper end of the piston rod of the lifting cylinder and the lower side of the test platform. A displacement sensor is installed between the lower outer side of the lifting cylinder and the lower side of the test platform. Both the load sensor and the displacement sensor are connected to the acquisition module. The lifting cylinder is connected to the control module. The control module adjusts the displacement of the lifting cylinder according to the load signal acquired by the load sensor, so that when the grinding ring rotates, the roughening medium layer applies a preset load to the material to be tested in the grinding tank and performs grinding.
[0013] A cross slide can be installed on the upper side of the aforementioned test platform. A support plate is installed on the upper side of the cross slide, and a chuck is fixedly installed on the upper side of the support plate. The lower part of the support body and the chuck are detachably and fixedly installed together. The cross slide is connected to the control module.
[0014] The second technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and plugging materials, characterized by the following steps:
[0015] S1, after pre-treating the material to be tested, obtain the sample and record the initial mass m0 of the sample;
[0016] S2, Performance parameters of the test sample;
[0017] S3, Place the sample into the grinding tank;
[0018] S4, set the grinding parameters according to the performance parameters of the sample;
[0019] S5, the lifting component drives the support body to rise, starts the drive motor, and when the grinding ring rotates, it grinds the sample in the grinding tank with the roughening medium layer.
[0020] S6. After grinding, collect the remaining sample, dry, cool, and sieve it, then record the remaining mass m. t ;
[0021] S7, Repeat steps S1 to S6 at least 3 times to obtain the initial mass m0 and the remaining mass m t The average value;
[0022] S8, the abrasion resistance index of the sample is obtained by the following formula:
[0023] ;
[0024] Where Kw is the wear resistance index, N·mm / g; P is the preset load, N; d is the grinding ring diameter, mm; r is the rotational speed, rpm; t is the grinding time, s; m0 is the average initial mass, g; m t The average value of the remaining mass, in grams;
[0025] S9, the abrasion resistance of the sample is evaluated based on the abrasion resistance index.
[0026] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the second technical solution of the above invention:
[0027] In step S1 above, the pretreatment includes cleaning, drying, cooling, filtering, and stirring.
[0028] In step S2 above, the performance parameters include density, hardness, and strength.
[0029] In step S4 above, the grinding parameters include load, rotation speed and grinding time. In step S5, the grinding ring rotates and the roughening medium layer grinds the sample in the grinding tank under a preset load.
[0030] This invention has a reasonable and compact structure. In use, the material to be tested is placed on the surface of the roughened medium layer in the grinding tank. After the lifting component moves, the test platform moves upward. When the lower part of the grinding ring comes into contact with the surface of the material to be tested in the grinding tank, the lifting component stops. Then, the drive mechanism moves and drives the grinding shaft to rotate. When the grinding shaft rotates, it drives the grinding ring to rotate. In this way, the grinding ring and the roughened medium layer rotate relative to each other, which can grind the material to be tested. The surface of the granular material to be tested is ground. The wear resistance of the material to be tested is evaluated by combining the change in the mass of the material to be tested before and after grinding with the working conditions during grinding.
[0031] The wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials in this application can test the wear characteristics of granular materials under experimental conditions such as drill pipe grinding, fluid impact, or fracture closure pressure. This device utilizes the friction-grinding process between the metal surface and the granular material to provide an energy equivalent replacement for the shear wear caused by high-speed fluid erosion and physical contact in the well. Furthermore, the device collects and statistically analyzes the test material through the grinding tank, significantly improving the accuracy of wear quantification. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Appendix Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the main structure of embodiments one to four of the present invention.
[0033] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of embodiments one to four of the present invention.
[0034] Appendix Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the grinding shaft in embodiments one to four of the present invention.
[0035] Appendix Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support body in embodiments one to four of the present invention.
[0036] Appendix Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams of the circuit structures of embodiments one to four of the present invention.
[0037] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of the chuck in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0038] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the chuck in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
[0039] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 is the test bracket, 2 is the test platform, 3 is the support body, 4 is the roughening medium layer, 5 is the grinding ring, 6 is the groove, 7 is the grinding groove, 8 is the grinding shaft, 9 is the drive motor, 10 is the driving bevel gear, 11 is the driven bevel gear, 12 is the guide column, 13 is the lifting cylinder, 14 is the cross slide, 15 is the support plate, and 16 is the chuck. Detailed Implementation
[0040] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.
[0041] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as the positional relationships of front, back, top, bottom, left, and right, which are based on the instructions attached. Figure 1 The orientation of the layout is determined by the direction of the map.
[0042] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings:
[0043] Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials includes a test bracket 1, a test platform 2, a support body 3, a grinding ring 5, a drive mechanism, and a lifting assembly. The lower part of the test bracket 1 is equipped with a lifting assembly that allows the test platform 2 to move up and down. A columnar support body 3 is installed on the upper side of the test platform 2. The upper end of the support body 3 is provided with a groove 6 that runs through the left and right sides. The bottom wall of the groove 6 is provided with a grinding groove 7 for placing the material to be tested. A roughening medium layer 4 is provided in the grinding groove 7. A grinding shaft 8 is rotatably installed on the inner side of the upper part of the test bracket 1 corresponding to the position above the support body 3. A grinding ring 5 is fixed on the outer side of the middle part of the grinding shaft 8. The upper part of the test bracket 1 is provided with a drive mechanism that can drive the grinding shaft 8 to rotate. When the grinding ring 5 rotates, it can grind the material to be tested in the grinding groove 7 with the roughening medium layer 4.
[0044] Depending on the requirements, the roughening medium layer 4 is a known existing technology, such as sandpaper or a file that can be detachably installed in the grinding tank 7. The sandpaper is 20-40 grit sandpaper with quartz sand as the abrasive, and the file is an arc-shaped file. The grinding ring 5 and the grinding shaft 8 are integrated. Both the grinding ring 5 and the grinding shaft 8 are made of titanium alloy.
[0045] In use, the material to be tested is placed on the surface of the roughened medium layer 4 in the grinding tank 7. After the lifting component is activated, the test platform 2 moves upward. When the lower part of the grinding ring 5 comes into contact with the surface of the material to be tested in the grinding tank 7, the lifting component stops. Then, the drive mechanism is activated to drive the grinding shaft 8 to rotate. When the grinding shaft 8 rotates, it drives the grinding ring 5 to rotate. In this way, when the grinding ring 5 and the roughened medium layer 4 rotate relative to each other, the material to be tested can be ground. The surface of the granular material to be tested is ground. The wear resistance of the material to be tested is evaluated by combining the change in the mass of the material to be tested before and after grinding with the working conditions during grinding.
[0046] The wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials in this application can test the wear characteristics of granular materials under experimental conditions such as downhole drill pipe grinding, fluid impact, or fracture closure pressure. This device utilizes the friction-grinding process between the metal surface and the granular material to provide energy equivalent replacement for the shear wear caused by high-speed fluid erosion and physical contact in the well. The device also collects and statistically analyzes the test material through the grinding groove 7, significantly improving the accuracy of wear quantification.
[0047] The abrasion resistance testing device for the above-mentioned granular support materials and sealing materials can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs:
[0048] Example 2: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it also includes a data acquisition module, a control module, and a host computer. Both the grinding groove 7 and the groove 6 are arc-shaped with their openings facing upwards. The central axis of the groove 6 is parallel to the central axis of the grinding shaft 8. The drive mechanism includes a drive motor 9, a driving bevel gear 10, a driven bevel gear 11, and a torque sensor. The driven bevel gear 11 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the right end of the grinding shaft 8. A torque sensor is installed between the test bracket 1 and the outer side of the right side of the grinding shaft 8. The drive motor 9 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper part of the test bracket 1 corresponding to the right position of the grinding shaft 8. The driving bevel gear 10, which meshes with the driven bevel gear 11, is fixedly installed at the rear end of the output shaft of the drive motor 9. The torque sensor is connected to the data acquisition module. Both the data acquisition module and the drive motor 9 are connected to the control module. The control module is connected to the host computer.
[0049] According to the requirements, the torque sensor is a known existing technology, such as the TQ series torque sensor. The torque sensor can be installed between the upper part of the test bracket 1 and the outer right side of the grinding shaft 8, or between the upper part of the test bracket 1 and the outer left side of the grinding shaft 8. The torque sensor is used to collect the torque value of the grinding shaft 8 when the grinding ring 5 interacts with the material to be tested. This can determine whether the grinding of the material to be tested is stable and uniform. If the torque value fluctuates suddenly, it indicates that the sample to be tested may have agglomeration, uneven grinding or other abnormal conditions, and the machine needs to be stopped for observation. This avoids failure of the material to be tested and the equipment. The acquisition module is a known existing data acquisition card, the control module is a known existing PLC, the host computer is a known existing industrial control computer, and the drive motor 9 is a known existing geared motor, stepper motor or servo motor.
[0050] During use, both the grinding groove 7 and the recess 6 are arc-shaped with their openings facing upwards. The central axis of the recess 6 is parallel to the central axis of the grinding shaft 8. This allows the grinding shaft 8 to rotate within the recess 6 when the lower outer part of the grinding ring 5 is inside the grinding groove 7. The grinding groove 7 matches the grinding ring 5, and the radius of the recess 6 is greater than the diameter of the grinding ring 5. The length (axial) of the upper opening of the grinding groove 7 is 50mm, the width of the upper opening of the grinding groove 7 is 40mm, and the depth of the grinding groove 7 is 4.5mm (the difference between the radius of the grinding groove 7 and the radius of the recess 6). The thickness (width) of the grinding ring 5 is 40mm, and the diameter of the grinding ring 5 is 76mm. The control module and the host computer are used to control the operation of the drive motor 9 and the lifting assembly. The speed r of the drive motor 9 can be set on the host computer to ensure that the grinding shaft 8 rotates at the set speed, thus enabling stable grinding motion of the test material between the grinding ring 5 and the roughening medium layer 4.
[0051] Example 3: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 5, the lifting assembly includes guide posts 12, lifting cylinder 13, load sensor, and displacement sensor. Several guide posts 12 are distributed circumferentially along the inner side of the test bracket 1. The upper side of the test platform 2 is provided with guide holes corresponding to the guide posts 12. The guide posts 12 pass through the guide holes at the corresponding positions. The lifting cylinder 13 is fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the test bracket 1. A load sensor is installed between the upper end of the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 and the lower side of the test platform 2. A displacement sensor is installed between the lower outer side of the lifting cylinder 13 and the lower side of the test platform 2. Both the load sensor and the displacement sensor are connected to the acquisition module. The lifting cylinder 13 is connected to the control module. The control module adjusts the displacement of the lifting cylinder 13 according to the load signal acquired by the load sensor, so that when the grinding ring 5 rotates, the roughening medium layer 4 applies a preset load to the material to be tested in the grinding groove 7 and performs grinding.
[0052] According to the requirements, four guide posts 12 are distributed circumferentially on the inner side of the test bracket 1. The setting of the guide posts 12 can ensure the smooth rise and fall of the test platform 2, thus ensuring the coaxiality of the groove 6, grinding groove 7, grinding shaft 8 and grinding ring 5. When the grinding shaft 8 rotates, it can avoid collision or scraping with the inner wall of the groove 6. The load sensor is a known technology, such as the CYH series load sensor or the CYL series force sensor. The displacement sensor is a known technology, such as the KTC series rod-type linear displacement sensor. The test bracket 1 can be composed of fixed plates arranged at intervals on the upper and lower sides and fixed posts connecting the two fixed plates. The fixed posts can be guide posts 12.
[0053] The load sensor can collect the pressure on the material under test. The control module can then use the pressure value collected by the load sensor to extend the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 and drive the test platform upward to ensure that the pressure on the material under test during the grinding process meets the set value. The preset load P of the material under test during the grinding process can also be set according to the hardness grade of the material under test. For example, for high-hardness materials, the preset load P is set to 500N. Before grinding begins, the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 extends and drives the test platform 2 upward, so that the upper surface of the material under test abuts against the outer side of the grinding ring 5. When the preset load on the outer surface of the material under test is 500N, the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 stops moving, and then the drive motor 9 starts running. This allows the material under test to be ground according to the set load, which can simulate the interaction pressure between the drill pipe and the material under test (plugging material) during actual drilling. The load sensor monitors the applied load in real time and continuously feeds back the monitored pressure signal to the acquisition module.
[0054] During the experiment, the material under test is worn down, causing its size to decrease (height to decrease), which in turn causes the load collected by the load sensor to fluctuate. The control module causes the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 to rise a certain distance, so that the load on the material under test always meets the set value. The displacement sensor can collect the distance the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 rises.
[0055] The displacement sensor is used to collect the displacement changes of the support 3. This records the initial position of the grinding ring 5 when it comes into contact with the sample before the experiment. On the other hand, it tracks the high wear displacement caused by material wear during the experiment. When the high wear displacement causes fluctuations in contact pressure, it can provide a basis for adjusting the displacement of the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 to ensure a constant load.
[0056] The control module controls the operation of the drive motor 9 and the lifting cylinder 13, and receives feedback signals to achieve closed-loop regulation. It coordinates the acquisition module to synchronously record and integrate experimental data. The load sensor and the lifting cylinder 13 are used to establish and maintain a constant normal load on the surface of the sample to be tested, ensuring the continuity and stability of the grinding contact. The displacement sensor can record the amount of wear and can also be used as a closed-loop control quantity to compensate for the height attenuation caused by material wear, thereby ensuring that the normal load of the material to be tested is always at the set value during the grinding process. The torque sensor determines whether the grinding is in a stable grinding state, and is used to identify non-real wear conditions such as agglomeration, jamming, and abnormal breakage, and trigger automatic adjustment or shutdown.
[0057] Example 4: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7, a cross slide 14 is installed on the upper side of the test platform 2, a support plate 15 is installed on the upper side of the cross slide 14, a chuck 16 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the support plate 15, and the lower part of the support body 3 is detachably and fixedly installed together with the chuck 16. The cross slide 14 is connected to the control module.
[0058] Depending on the requirements, the cross slide 14 is a known existing technology, such as the two-axis cross slide of the EGC series electric cylinder, and the chuck 16 is a known three-jaw chuck. During use, the cross slide 14, when activated, can move the support body 3 back, forth, left, and right. This movement allows the grinding groove 7 and grinding ring 5 to align, or to offset, facilitating the addition or removal of the test material into the grinding groove 7 of the support body 3, thus reducing operational difficulty.
[0059] Example 5: As an optimization of the above examples, as shown in the appendix. Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the method for evaluating the wear resistance of the granular support material and the plugging material is characterized by the following steps:
[0060] S1, after pre-treating the material to be tested, obtain the sample and record the initial mass m0 of the sample;
[0061] S2, Performance parameters of the test sample;
[0062] S3, Place the sample into the grinding tank 7;
[0063] S4, set the grinding parameters according to the performance parameters of the sample;
[0064] S5, the lifting component drives the support 3 to rise, starts the drive motor 9, and when the grinding ring 5 rotates, it grinds the sample in the grinding tank 7 with the roughening medium layer 4.
[0065] S6. After grinding, collect the remaining sample, dry, cool, and sieve it, then record the remaining mass m. t ;
[0066] S7, Repeat steps S1 to S6 at least 3 times to obtain the initial mass m0 and the remaining mass m t The average value;
[0067] S8, the abrasion resistance index of the sample is obtained by the following formula:
[0068] ;
[0069] Where Kw is the wear resistance index, N·mm / g; P is the preset load, N; d is the diameter of the grinding ring, mm; r is the rotational speed, rpm; t is the grinding time, s; m0 is the average value of the initial mass, g; m t The average value of the remaining mass, in grams;
[0070] S9, the abrasion resistance of the sample is evaluated based on the abrasion resistance index.
[0071] When the granular support material and the plugging material are working, the control module controls the operation of the drive motor 9 and the lifting cylinder 13, and simultaneously receives feedback signals to achieve closed-loop control. It coordinates the acquisition module to synchronously record and integrate experimental data. The load sensor and the lifting cylinder 13 are used to establish and maintain a constant normal load on the surface of the sample to be tested, ensuring the continuity and stability of the grinding contact. The displacement sensor can record the amount of wear and can also be used as a closed-loop control quantity to compensate for the height attenuation caused by material wear, thereby ensuring that the normal load of the material to be tested is always at the set value (or range) during the grinding process. The torque sensor determines whether the grinding is in a stable grinding state, and is used to identify non-real wear conditions such as agglomeration, jamming, and abnormal breakage, and trigger automatic adjustment or shutdown. Only in a stable grinding state can the wear resistance of the tested material be accurately evaluated based on the experimental data.
[0072] The control module implements closed-loop feedback control of the grinding process based on the data information collected by the acquisition module. While maintaining the preset speed, the grinding ring 5 always acts on the surface of the material to be tested under the preset load condition by adjusting the piston rod displacement of the lifting cylinder 13.
[0073] When the material under test wears down during the grinding process, causing a change in its height, the displacement sensor detects the relative displacement change of the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13. The control module then automatically compensates by extending the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13, and maintains stable grinding contact load by combining the load sensor data.
[0074] The test method for the wear resistance of granular proppant and plugging material in this application is simple to operate and highly repeatable. It can be used to compare and evaluate the wear resistance of different fracturing proppants, plugging materials and other granular materials, providing a scientific basis for material selection, formulation optimization and performance improvement in engineering applications.
[0075] Example 6: As an optimization of the above example, in step S1, the pretreatment includes cleaning, drying, cooling, filtering and stirring.
[0076] Pre-treatment of the sample (the plugging material to be tested) by surface cleaning, drying, cooling, filtering impurities, and uniform stirring can eliminate interference from external factors such as impurities and moisture, and improve the accuracy of the initial quality.
[0077] Example 7: As an optimization of the above example, in step S2, the performance parameters include density, hardness and strength.
[0078] Performance parameters facilitate the setting of pressure during sample grinding. Performance parameters also include sample compatibility; compatibility testing can determine the degree of material delamination and ensure no corrosion occurs.
[0079] Example 8: As an optimization of the above example, in step S4, the grinding parameters include load, rotation speed and grinding time, and in step S5, when the grinding ring 5 rotates, the roughening medium layer 4 grinds the sample in the grinding groove 7 under a preset load.
[0080] Adjust the load, rotation speed, and grinding time according to the hardness of the sample. Specifically, for low-hardness samples (Mohs hardness 1-4), set the load P=200N, rotation speed r=90r / min (rpm), and grinding time t=20min; for medium-hardness samples (Mohs hardness 4-7), set the load P=300N, rotation speed r=90r / min, and grinding time t=20min; for high-hardness samples (Mohs hardness greater than 7), set the load P=500N, rotation speed r=90r / min, and grinding time t=20min; for composite samples, comprehensive consideration is required, and the load P=300N, rotation speed r=90r / min, and grinding time t=20min can be set.
[0081] The same rotation speed and grinding time can ensure that the grinding distance is equal. By unifying the rotation speed and time, the average friction power is kept consistent. Under the condition of uniform friction power (or uniform friction energy), hard materials are subjected to a large load and soft materials are subjected to a small load. This allows for comparison of the wear of different materials.
[0082] The above technical features constitute various embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.
[0083] The usage process of the preferred embodiment of the present invention:
[0084] S1. Remove dust adsorbed on the surface of the test material, filter to remove impurities or agglomerates, stir evenly to ensure uniform distribution of components / particles in the test material, place in an oven and dry at 105℃ for 2 hours to eliminate the influence of moisture, take out and place in a desiccator to cool to room temperature, weigh at least 5g of sample with an electronic balance, accurate to 0.01g, and record the initial mass m0 of the sample.
[0085] S2, Perform performance parameter tests on the sample to obtain the sample's density, hardness, and strength data. For composite samples, compatibility tests are also required to determine the delamination between materials and ensure no corrosion.
[0086] S3, fix the support 3 with the three-jaw chuck 16, and evenly fill the sample into the grinding groove 7 with the roughening medium layer 4 on the inner wall to achieve roughening treatment. Use a scraper to smooth the surface to ensure that the sample is flush with the bottom wall of the groove 6. Adjust the position of each component of the wear resistance testing device for the granular support material and the plugging material. Use the cross slide 14 to adjust the position of the support 3. The Y-axis of the cross slide 14 moves the support 3 to below the axis of the grinding shaft 8, and the X-axis of the cross slide 14 aligns the grinding groove 7 with the grinding ring 5 with an alignment accuracy of ≤0.1mm. Start the lifting cylinder 13, set the upward movement speed of the support 3 to 0.1mm / s, drive the support 3 to move upward, and lift the support 3 until the inner wall of the groove is close to the grinding shaft 8, ensuring that the lower outer side of the grinding ring 5 is located in the grinding groove 7 and abuts against the sample surface. After the grinding ring 5 rotates, the sample can be fully ground.
[0087] S4. Adjust the load, rotation speed, and time according to the sample's performance parameters: For low-hardness samples (Mohs hardness greater than 1 and less than or equal to 4), set the load P=200N, rotation speed r=90r / min (rpm), and grinding time t=20min; for medium-hardness samples (Mohs hardness greater than 4 and less than or equal to 7), set the load P=300N, rotation speed r=90r / min, and grinding time t=20min; for high-hardness samples (Mohs hardness greater than 7), set the load P=500N, rotation speed r=90r / min, and grinding time t=20min; for composite samples, comprehensive consideration is required, and the load P=300N, rotation speed r=90r / min, and grinding time t=20min can be set accordingly.
[0088] S5, the control module applies a preset load P=500N to the sample, starts the drive motor 9, and the grinding ring 5 rotates while the roughening medium layer 4 grinds the sample in the grinding tank 7. During the grinding process, after the sample is worn, the control module can adjust the displacement of the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 13 until the load value collected by the load sensor reaches the set value; the drive motor 9 drives the grinding shaft 8 to rotate, the rotation speed of the grinding shaft 8 is r=90r / min, and the rotation speed stability accuracy is ±1r / min; the upper computer sets the grinding time t=20min, the timing accuracy is ±0.1s, and the timing starts when the grinding shaft 8 rotates;
[0089] During testing, torque, load, and relative displacement are collected in real time. The load sensor is used to collect the normal load applied by the grinding ring 5 to the surface of the plugging material (sample). The torque sensor is used to monitor the change of tangential resistance of the plugging material to the grinding ring 5 during the grinding process. The displacement sensor is used to obtain the relative displacement information of the test platform 2. This allows the grinding ring 5 to maintain the preset rotation speed while always acting on the surface of the plugging material under the preset load conditions.
[0090] By collecting data from load sensors and torque sensors, it is determined whether the plugging material is in a stable wear state during the grinding process, avoiding abnormal load caused by sudden torque changes or non-real breakage of the plugging material, thereby ensuring that the plugging material is in a continuous, controllable, and stable wear state throughout the entire test process.
[0091] S6. After grinding, adjust the abrasion resistance testing device for the granular support material and the plugging material, collect all remaining samples from the grinding tank 7 and the inner wall of the groove 6 to ensure no omissions, dry, cool, and eliminate the influence of moisture, then pour them into a 0.2mm standard sieve, sieve thoroughly, and record the remaining mass m. t ;
[0092] Specifically, after the set time is reached, the drive motor 9 automatically stops running, and the servo displacement mechanism is activated. The lifting cylinder 13 drives the support body 3 to descend at a speed of 0.1 mm / s. The support body 3 descends until the grinding ring 5 is completely away from the grinding tank 7 and there is a certain safe distance between it and the inner wall of the groove 6. The lifting cylinder 13 stops working, and all remaining samples in the grinding tank 7 and on the inner wall of the groove 6 are collected with a brush to ensure that nothing is missed. The remaining samples are placed in an oven and dried at 105℃ for 2 hours. They are then removed and placed in a desiccator to cool to room temperature. The cooled remaining samples are slowly poured into a 0.2 mm standard sieve and thoroughly sieved. The mass m of the remaining samples is then weighed using an electronic balance. t Accurate to 0.01g;
[0093] S7, repeat steps S1 to S6 three times to obtain the initial mass m0 and the remaining mass m t The average value is taken as the final result to avoid the interference of random errors on the accuracy of the test results;
[0094] S8, the abrasion resistance index of the sample is obtained by the following formula:
[0095] ;
[0096] Where Kw is the wear resistance index, N·mm / g; P is the preset load, N; d is the diameter of the grinding ring, mm; r is the rotational speed, rpm; t is the grinding time, s; m0 is the average value of the initial mass, g; m t The average value of the remaining mass, in grams;
[0097] S9. The wear resistance of the sample is evaluated based on the wear resistance index. The results are analyzed based on the collected data. The wear resistance index is used to quantify the wear resistance, with the higher the wear resistance index, the better the wear resistance.
[0098] The experiment selected quartz sand particles, basalt fiber, and quartz sand + basalt fiber composite particles as test samples, with an initial mass of 5g for each. A 76mm diameter grinding ring 5 was used, and the remaining mass was obtained by matching the material hardness with the experimental parameters. Finally, the wear resistance index was calculated, as shown in the table below:
[0099] .
[0100] As can be seen from the table above, the wear resistance index of quartz sand particles, quartz sand particles + basalt fiber, and basalt fiber decreases in that order. This indicates that among quartz sand particles, quartz sand particles + basalt fiber, and basalt fiber, quartz sand particles have the best wear resistance, followed by quartz sand particles + basalt fiber, and basalt fiber has the worst wear resistance.
Claims
1. A method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using an abrasion resistance testing device, characterized in that... The abrasion resistance testing device for granular support materials and plugging materials includes a test bracket, a test platform, a support body, a grinding ring, a drive mechanism, and a lifting assembly. The lower part of the test bracket is equipped with a lifting assembly that allows the test platform to move up and down. A columnar support body is installed on the upper part of the test platform. The upper end of the support body has a groove that runs through the left and right sides. The bottom wall of the groove has a grinding groove for placing the material to be tested. A roughening medium layer is provided in the grinding groove. A grinding shaft is rotatably installed on the inner side of the upper part of the test bracket corresponding to the position above the support body. A grinding ring is fixed on the outer side of the middle part of the grinding shaft. The upper part of the test bracket is equipped with a drive mechanism that can drive the grinding shaft to rotate. When the grinding ring rotates, it can grind the material to be tested in the grinding groove with the roughening medium layer. It also includes a data acquisition module, a control module, and a host computer. The grinding groove and the groove are both arc-shaped with the opening facing upwards. The central axis of the groove is parallel to the central axis of the grinding shaft. The drive mechanism includes a drive motor, a drive bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, and a torque sensor. A driven bevel gear is fixedly installed on the outer side of the right end of the grinding shaft. A torque sensor is installed between the test bracket and the outer side of the right side of the grinding shaft. A drive motor is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper part of the test bracket corresponding to the right position of the grinding shaft. A drive bevel gear that meshes with the driven bevel gear is fixedly installed at the rear end of the output shaft of the drive motor. The torque sensor is connected to the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module and the drive motor are both connected to the control module. The control module is connected to the host computer. The abrasion resistance evaluation method for granular support materials and leak-sealing materials using this abrasion resistance testing device is performed according to the following steps: S1, after pre-treating the material to be tested, obtain the sample and record the initial mass m0 of the sample; S2, Performance parameters of the test sample; S3, Place the sample into the grinding tank; S4, set the grinding parameters according to the performance parameters of the sample; S5, the lifting component drives the support body to rise, starts the drive motor, and when the grinding ring rotates, it grinds the sample in the grinding tank with the roughening medium layer. S6. After grinding, collect the remaining sample, dry, cool, and sieve it, then record the remaining mass m. t ; S7, Repeat steps S1 to S6 at least 3 times to obtain the initial mass m0 and the remaining mass m t The average value; S8, the abrasion resistance index of the sample is obtained by the following formula: ； Where Kw is the wear resistance index, N·mm / g; P is the preset load, N; d is the grinding ring diameter, mm; r is the rotational speed, rpm; t is the grinding time, s; m0 is the average initial mass, g; m t The average value of the remaining mass, in grams; S9, the abrasion resistance of the sample is evaluated based on the abrasion resistance index.
2. The method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and leak-stopping materials according to claim 1, characterized in that... The lifting assembly includes guide columns, a lifting cylinder, a load sensor, and a displacement sensor. Several guide columns are spaced circumferentially along the inner side of the test bracket. The upper side of the test platform has guide holes corresponding to the guide columns, and the guide columns pass through the guide holes at the corresponding positions. A lifting cylinder is fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the test bracket. A load sensor is installed between the upper end of the piston rod of the lifting cylinder and the lower side of the test platform. A displacement sensor is installed between the lower outer side of the lifting cylinder and the lower side of the test platform. Both the load sensor and the displacement sensor are connected to the acquisition module. The lifting cylinder is connected to the control module. The control module adjusts the displacement of the lifting cylinder according to the load signal acquired by the load sensor, so that when the grinding ring rotates, the roughening medium layer applies a preset load to the material under test in the grinding tank and performs grinding.
3. The method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and leak-stopping materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... A cross slide is installed on the upper part of the test platform, a support plate is installed on the upper part of the cross slide, a chuck is fixedly installed on the upper part of the support plate, and the lower part of the support body is detachably and fixedly installed together with the chuck. The cross slide is connected to the control module.
4. The method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and leak-stopping materials according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step S1, the pretreatment includes cleaning, drying, cooling, filtering, and stirring.
5. The method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and leak-stopping materials according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that... In step S2, the performance parameters include density, hardness, and strength.
6. The method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and leak-stopping materials according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that... In step S4, the grinding parameters include load, rotation speed and grinding time. In step S5, the grinding ring rotates and the roughening medium layer grinds the sample in the grinding tank under a preset load.
7. The method for evaluating the wear resistance of granular support materials and leak-stopping materials using the wear resistance testing device for granular support materials and leak-stopping materials according to claim 5, characterized in that... In step S4, the grinding parameters include load, rotation speed and grinding time. In step S5, the grinding ring rotates and the roughening medium layer grinds the sample in the grinding tank under a preset load.