Marine aerogel fireproof structure, test device and fireproof grade design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a marine aerogel fireproof structure, a test device and a fireproof grade design method, relates to the technical field of fireproof structure design, and solves the problem that manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed when a fireproof grade is obtained through a real-size standard fireproof test. According to the method, three fireproof structure models are constructed through combination of the T-shaped stiffened plates, the aerogel plates and the aerogel square blocks, a scale model is established according to the three models, a heat insulation capability test and numerical simulation are performed on the scale model, and a numerical simulation model is checked by using a test value; according to the size of a real ship plate grid and the fireproof structure model, a real-size simulation model is established and simulated, a model back fire surface highest temperature rise and average temperature rise time curve is obtained, and model parameters under different fireproof grades are determined according to SOLAS specification requirements. According to the method, model tests and numerical simulation are combined, the structure fireproof grade design method is designed, and the method has guiding value in the initial stage of ship fireproof design and fireproof grade design of a novel fireproof structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fireproof structure design technology, specifically to a marine aerogel fireproof structure, testing device, and fire resistance rating design method. Background Technology

[0002] Fire resistance must be considered during ship hull design, especially in areas such as the engine room and cabins where bulkhead insulation is crucial. Currently, bulkhead insulation methods primarily involve coating with organic or inorganic insulation materials or installing mineral wool such as ceramic wool, rock wool, and glass wool. However, coating with these materials presents challenges such as degradation, release of toxic gases, and durability issues caused by vibration and welding, and the materials are difficult to replace. Mineral wool products suffer from inconvenient installation, skin irritation caused by fiber dust, and moisture absorption. Aerogel, an emerging material, achieves extremely low thermal conductivity through its unique porous structure using a nanoscale spatial framework, nanoscale voids, and infrared shielding agents, offering significant advantages in fireproofing and insulation.

[0003] Ship fire protection design must consider not only the insulation method of the bulkheads, but also the fire resistance rating of the specific insulation method. Currently, the method to obtain the fire resistance rating of the insulation method is to conduct full-size standard fire resistance tests, which require the heated surface of the tested structure to be at least 2m × 2m. Considering the structural boundaries, the size of the test structure is even larger, which leads to the problem that standard fire resistance tests consume a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem mentioned above that traditional fire resistance tests for obtaining the fire resistance rating of insulation types are extremely costly in terms of manpower, materials, and financial resources, this invention proposes a marine aerogel fireproof structure, testing device, and fire resistance rating design method. This invention combines model testing and numerical simulation to design an efficient and convenient method for structural fire resistance rating design, providing guidance in the initial stages of ship fire protection design and the design of fire resistance ratings for novel fireproof structures.

[0005] This invention proposes a marine aerogel fireproof structure, which specifically includes a T-shaped stiffening plate, an aerogel plate, and several aerogel blocks. The T-shaped stiffeners of the aerogel plate and the T-shaped stiffening plate are connected to form a fireproof structure model one; the aerogel plate is set on the panel of the T-shaped stiffening plate to form a fireproof structure model two; the aerogel plate is connected to the panel of the T-shaped stiffening plate through several aerogel blocks to form a fireproof structure model three.

[0006] A test apparatus based on the aforementioned marine aerogel fireproof structure specifically includes a resistance heating furnace, a test model, and a model fixing structure. The model fixing structure is located outside the resistance heating furnace and fixes the test model to the furnace opening. The test model includes test model one, test model two, and test model three. Test model one has the same structure as fireproof structure model one, test model two has the same structure as fireproof structure model two, and test model three has the same structure as fireproof structure model three. The model fixing structure includes a frame, several springs, a square frame, and a carrying iron clamp. The frame is arranged around the resistance heating furnace. The square frame is located at the furnace opening and is slidably mounted on the frame. The square frame is connected to the frame by several springs, which press the test model tightly at the furnace opening. A carrying iron clamp is detachably mounted on the square frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the test model is provided with several aerogel enclosures along its edge; in test model one, the aerogel enclosure is located between the panel and the aerogel plate of the T-shaped stiffening plate; in test model two, the aerogel enclosure is located on the stiffened side of the T-shaped stiffening plate; and in test model three, the aerogel enclosure is located on the stiffened side of the T-shaped stiffening plate and between the panel and the aerogel plate.

[0008] Furthermore, an aerogel strip is provided between the frame and the test model; two transverse supports are provided on the frame, which are respectively located above and below the furnace opening. The lower surface of the transverse support above the furnace opening is provided with a furnace opening aerogel pad, and the upper surface of the transverse support below the furnace opening is provided with a bottom aerogel pad.

[0009] Furthermore, two vertical support members are movably mounted on the frame, and the square frame is connected to the vertical support members by springs.

[0010] Furthermore, the frame is provided with several threaded angle brackets, and bolts are provided on the threaded angle brackets. The frame is fixed to the outside of the resistance heating furnace by the threaded angle brackets and bolts.

[0011] A method for designing the fire resistance rating using the above-mentioned testing apparatus includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a scaled-down test model based on the fireproof structure model; use inorganic high-temperature adhesive to bond and fix the T-shaped stiffening plate, aerogel board, and aerogel enclosure, and then cure them; Step 2: Start the heating furnace, adjust the furnace temperature and heat to the preset temperature, and maintain the temperature for 3 hours; fix the individual aerogel plate and the test model at the furnace opening using the model fixing structure, and conduct heat insulation tests on both; collect the temperature of the fire-facing side of both using thermocouples, and collect the temperature of the unfired side of both using a thermal imager, to obtain the thermocouple temperature-time value and the thermal imager temperature cloud map at different times; Step 3: Establish a simulation model based on the test model and perform numerical simulation; set up a temperature input board to simulate the furnace opening; apply the temperature collected by the thermocouple to the temperature input board, and use spatial interpolation and time interpolation to apply the temperature-time value to other nodes of the temperature input board; the aerogel insulation parameters are verified by the insulation test of a single aerogel board; after the calculation is completed, extract the temperature value of the unexposed surface, obtain the highest temperature-time curve and the average temperature-time curve, compare them with the experimental values, and verify the reliability of the numerical simulation model; Step 4: Based on the fire-resistant structure model, establish a full-size fire-resistant structure simulation model. The full-size fire-resistant structure simulation model and the simulation model have the same structure. The temperature on the full-size fire-resistant structure simulation model is input according to the standard temperature rise curve. Adjust the aerogel thickness and air gap parameters in the full-size fire-resistant structure simulation model, and calculate the highest temperature rise and average temperature rise time curves of the unexposed surface of the model. According to the SOLAS specification requirements, determine the model parameters that meet different fire resistance levels.

[0012] Furthermore, the test temperature range inside the heating furnace in step two is 300℃-900℃.

[0013] Furthermore, in step two, the temperature measuring points of the thermocouples are set at the four corners of the furnace opening, the midpoint of the edge of the furnace opening, and the center of the furnace opening.

[0014] Furthermore, the formula for the standard temperature rise curve in step four is: .

[0015] The beneficial effects of the marine aerogel fireproof structure, testing device, and fire resistance rating design method described in this invention are as follows: (1) The marine aerogel fireproof structure, test device and fire protection rating design method described in this invention combine model testing and numerical simulation. A scaled-down model is established based on the full-size model to test the heat insulation capacity of the model. The numerical simulation model is verified by the physical test structure. The verified numerical model is used to perform numerical simulation of the heat insulation capacity of the full-size model to obtain the structural parameters required under different fire protection ratings. It has guiding value in the early stage of ship fire protection design and the fire protection rating design of new fireproof structures.

[0016] (2) The marine aerogel fireproof structure, test device and fireproof rating design method described in this invention, by setting aerogel strips, bottom aerogel pads and furnace mouth aerogel pads, can prevent the test model from directly contacting the metal and accelerate its heat dissipation, thus avoiding affecting the test results.

[0017] (3) The marine aerogel fireproof structure, test device and fireproof rating design method described in this invention ensures that heat is not lost from the edge of the model during the test by setting an aerogel enclosure at the edge of the test model. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0019] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fireproof structure model one of the marine aerogel fireproof structures described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fireproof structure model two of the marine aerogel fireproof structure described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fireproof structure model three of the marine aerogel fireproof structure described in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the test model one of the marine aerogel fireproof structure test device described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the test model two of the marine aerogel fireproof structure test device described in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the test model three of the marine aerogel fireproof structure test device described in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a marine aerogel fireproof structure testing device according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation model in the fire resistance rating design method of a marine aerogel fireproof structure according to the present invention; Among them: 1-T-shaped stiffening plate, 2-aerogel plate, 3-experimental device, 3-1-heating furnace, 3-2-frame, 3-3-threaded angle bracket, 3-4-Hex socket head cap bolt, 3-5-vertical support, 3-6-angle bracket one, 3-7-spring, 3-8-square frame, 3-9-iron wheel with bracket, 3-10-horizontal support, 3-11-bottom aerogel pad block, 3-12-angle bracket two, 3-13-hand-held iron frame, 3-14-aerogel strip, 3-15-test model, 3-16-furnace opening aerogel pad block, 4-simulation model, 4-1-temperature input plate, 4-2-aerogel pad plate, 4-3-simulation test model, 5-aerogel enclosure, 6-aerogel block. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of this invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of, and not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] Specific implementation method one: See Figures 1-8 This embodiment is described in detail. The marine aerogel fireproof structure described in this embodiment specifically includes a T-shaped stiffening plate 1, an aerogel plate 2, and several aerogel blocks 6. The aerogel plate 2 and the T-shaped stiffeners of the T-shaped stiffening plate 1 are connected to form a fireproof structure model one, used to test the fireproof capability when the aerogel plate 2 is installed on the stiffened side of the T-shaped stiffening plate 1. The aerogel plate 2 is set on the panel of the T-shaped stiffening plate 1 to form a fireproof structure model two, used to test the fireproof capability when the aerogel plate 2 is installed on the panel side of the T-shaped stiffening plate 1. The aerogel plate 2 is connected to the panel of the T-shaped stiffening plate 1 through several aerogel blocks 6 to form a fireproof structure model three, used to test the fireproof capability when both the aerogel plate 2 and air gaps are simultaneously added to the panel side of the T-shaped stiffening plate 1.

[0025] A test apparatus based on the aforementioned marine aerogel fireproof structure specifically includes a heating furnace 3-1, a test model 3-15, and a model fixing structure. The model fixing structure is located outside the heating furnace 3-1 and fixes the test model 3-15 to the furnace opening of the heating furnace 3-1. The test model 3-15 includes test model one, test model two, and test model three. Test model one has the same structure as fireproof structure model one, test model two has the same structure as fireproof structure model two, and test model three has the same structure as fireproof structure model three. Figures 4-6 As shown, the left side of test model 3-15 is the fire-facing side, and the right side is the fire-repellent side; heating furnace 3-1 uses a resistance heating furnace.

[0026] The model's fixing structure includes a frame 3-2, several springs 3-7, a square frame 3-8, and a carrying iron clamp 3-13. The frame 3-2 surrounds the heating furnace 3-1 and is made of 4040 aluminum alloy profiles. The profiles are fixedly connected by angle brackets and screws. Several threaded angle brackets 3-3 are installed on the frame 3-2. The horizontal panels of the threaded angle brackets 3-3 are fixed to the frame 3-2 with bolts, and the vertical panels have threaded holes. Hex bolts 3-4 are installed in the threaded holes of the threaded angle brackets 3-3. The frame 3-2 is fixed to the outside of the heating furnace 3-1 by tightening the hex bolts 3-4 on the threaded angle brackets 3-3. The square frame 3-8 is located at the furnace opening of the heating furnace 3-1. Two iron wheels 3-9 with supports are installed at the lower end of the square frame 3-8, allowing it to slide on the frame 3-2. The sides of the frame 3-2 are movable. There is a vertical support 3-5, and corner brackets 3-6 are set on the vertical support 3-5 and the square frame 3-8. The two ends of the spring 3-7 are respectively connected to the corner brackets 3-6 of the square frame 3-8 and the vertical support 3-5, connecting the square frame 3-8 and the vertical support 3-5 together. Under the action of the tension of the spring 3-7, the square frame 3-8 presses the test model 3-15 tightly at the furnace opening. The vertical support 3-5 can move on the frame 3-2 to ensure that the compression of the spring 3-7 when pressing the test model 3-15 is constant. Adjusting the position of the vertical support 3-5 can adapt to the heat insulation test of test models 3-15 with different thicknesses and ensure that the tension of the spring 3-7 is consistent. Four corner brackets 3-12 are set on the square frame 3-8. The carrying iron clamp 3-13 is inserted into the holes of the four corner brackets 3-12, and the square frame 3-8 is pulled by the carrying iron clamp 3-13.

[0027] The test model 3-15 is a fireproof structural model scaled up to match the size of the furnace opening of the laboratory heating furnace 3-1. Several aerogel enclosures 5 are provided around the edges of the test model 3-15 to ensure that heat is not lost from the edges of the model during the test. In test model one, the aerogel enclosures 5 are located between the panel of the T-shaped stiffened plate 1 and the aerogel plate 2. In test model two, the aerogel enclosures 5 are located on the stiffened side of the T-shaped stiffened plate 1. In test model three, the aerogel enclosures 5 are located on the stiffened side of the T-shaped stiffened plate 1 and between the panel and the aerogel plate 2.

[0028] Aerogel strips 3-14 are attached to the frame 3-8 using inorganic high-temperature adhesive to prevent direct contact between the frame 3-8 and the test model 3-15. Two transverse supports 3-10 are mounted on the frame 3-2, positioned above and below the furnace opening. An aerogel pad 3-16 is attached to the lower surface of the upper support 3-10 using inorganic high-temperature adhesive, while a bottom aerogel pad 3-11 is attached to the upper surface of the lower support 3-10 using the same adhesive. This presses the test model 3-15 firmly onto the aerogel pads 3-16 and 3-11, preventing the model from contacting the metal and accelerating heat dissipation, which could affect the test results.

[0029] The test apparatus also includes nine thermocouples and a thermal imager. Nine thermocouple wires, each 300 mm long and 1 mm in diameter, are passed between the furnace opening aerogel pad 3-16 and the surface of the heating furnace 3-1, exposing the ends of the thermocouple wires to the furnace opening temperature. Nine measuring points are respectively arranged at the four corners of the furnace opening, the midpoint of the furnace opening edge, and the center point of the furnace opening, so as to collect the temperature data of the fire-facing side of the test model 3-15. The thermal imager is used to collect the temperature data of the unfired side of the test model 3-15.

[0030] A method for designing the fire resistance rating using the above-mentioned testing apparatus includes the following steps: Step 1: Make a scaled-down test model 3-15 based on the fireproof structure model; cut thin plates by laser cutting and prepare the T-shaped stiffening plate 1 of the test model 3-15 by laser welding; use inorganic high-temperature adhesive to bond and fix the T-shaped stiffening plate 1, aerogel plate 2 and aerogel enclosure 5, and cure for 24 hours. Step 2: Open frame 3-8, place a 30mm thick aerogel rectangular plate bonded with inorganic high-temperature adhesive at the furnace opening as the furnace door, start the heating furnace 3-1, adjust the furnace temperature and heat to the preset temperature, maintain the temperature for 3 hours; then open frame 3-8, remove the 30mm thick aerogel plate, place the test model 3-15, and remove the carrying iron clamp 3-13; collect the temperature of the fire-facing surfaces of both using thermocouples, which can be directly collected by the thermocouple acquisition instrument; collect the temperature of the unfired surfaces of both using a thermal imager, which requires 3... Take a temperature cloud map and continue collecting data for 5 minutes until the temperature displayed on the thermal imager stabilizes. Then, switch to the next test model 3-15. After the test of test model 3-15 is completed, replace it with a single piece of aerogel plate 2 and conduct a thermal insulation test on aerogel plate 2. Finally, obtain the thermocouple temperature-time values ​​of different test models 3-15 and single pieces of aerogel plate 2, as well as the thermal imager temperature cloud maps at different times. The highest and average temperatures of the unexposed side at different times are obtained by taking pictures with the thermal imager. The test temperature range inside the heating furnace 3-1 is 300℃-900℃; in this embodiment, the test input temperature of a single aerogel plate 2 is 300℃, 400℃, 500℃, 600℃, 700℃, 800℃ and 900℃, and the test input temperature of the test model 3-15 is 500℃ and 900℃; the temperature measuring points of the thermocouple are set at the four corners of the furnace opening of the heating furnace 3-1, the midpoint of the edge of the furnace opening and the center of the furnace opening.

[0031] Step 3: Use finite element software (ANSYS, ABAQUS, etc.) to establish simulation model 4 based on test model 3-15 for numerical simulation. Taking test model 3 as an example, establish simulation test model 4-3 based on test model 3. Set a temperature input plate 4-1 on the left side of simulation test model 4-3 to simulate the furnace opening of heating furnace 3-1. Set aerogel pads 4-2 at the top and bottom between temperature input plate 4-1 and simulation test model 4-3 to simulate furnace opening aerogel pads 3-16 and bottom aerogel pads 3-11. Place the 9 thermocouple measuring points. The collected temperature is applied to the temperature input plate 4-1. Spatial and temporal interpolation are used to apply the temperature-time values ​​to other nodes of the temperature input plate 4-1. The aerogel insulation parameters are verified by the insulation test of a single aerogel plate 2. Surface radiation is set between the air gaps, and surface contact is set between aerogel plate 2, stiffening plate 1, and aerogel enclosure 5. Heat dissipation conditions are applied to the outer surface of the model. After the calculation is completed, the temperature value of the unexposed surface is extracted, and the highest temperature-time curve and the average temperature-time curve are obtained. They are compared with the experimental values ​​to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation model. Step 4: Based on the actual ship panel size and the fireproof structure model, establish a full-size fireproof structure simulation model. Its dimensions should be no less than 2m × 2m. The full-size fireproof structure simulation model has the same structure as simulation model 4; the difference is that the temperature on the full-size fireproof structure simulation model is input according to the standard temperature rise curve. The formula for the standard temperature rise curve is: The aerogel thickness and air gap parameters in the full-size fireproof structure simulation model were adjusted, and the highest temperature rise and average temperature rise time curves of the unexposed surface of the model were calculated. According to the requirements of the SOLAS specification, the model parameters that meet different fire protection levels were determined.

[0032] Through testing and calculation, the aerogel thermal insulation and fireproof structure model proposed in this invention meets the following requirements: When meeting the A60 fire resistance rating, the thickness of the aerogel board 2 in fireproof structure model one and fireproof structure model two is 10mm and 20mm respectively; the air gap d (d>100mm) and the thickness t of the aerogel board 2 in fireproof structure model three are above the line d=1600-115t (in the dt coordinate system); When meeting the A30 fire resistance rating, the thickness of the aerogel board 2 in fireproof structure model one and fireproof structure model two is 4mm and 12mm respectively; the air gap d (d>100mm) and the aerogel thickness t in fireproof structure model three are between the lines d=1400-233t and d=1600-115t; When meeting the A15 fire resistance rating, the thickness of the aerogel board 2 in fireproof structure model two is 4mm; fireproof structure model one and fireproof structure model three meet this rating by using aerogel board 2.

[0033] In summary, the marine aerogel fireproof structure, testing device, and fire rating design method described in this invention combine model testing and numerical simulation. A scaled-down model is established based on a full-size model to test the model's thermal insulation capacity. The numerical simulation model is verified using a physical test structure. The verified numerical model is then used to simulate the thermal insulation capacity of the full-size model, thus obtaining the structural parameters required for different fire ratings. This provides guidance in the initial stages of ship fire protection design and the design of fire ratings for new fireproof structures. The marine aerogel fireproof structure, testing device, and fire rating design method described in this invention, through the placement of aerogel strips 3-14, bottom aerogel pads 3-11, and furnace opening aerogel pads 3-16, prevents the test model 3-15 from direct contact with metal, accelerating heat dissipation and avoiding interference with test results. Furthermore, the marine aerogel fireproof structure, testing device, and fire rating design method described in this invention, by setting aerogel enclosures 5 at the edges of the test model, ensures that heat is not lost from the model's edges during the test.

[0034] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. They can also be reasonable combinations of the features described in the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine aerogel fire protection structure, characterized by: It includes T-shaped reinforced plate (1), aerogel plate (2) and several aerogel blocks (6), the aerogel plate (2) and the T-shaped reinforced plate (1) are connected to form a fireproof structure model one;Aerogel plate (2) is set on the panel of T-shaped reinforced plate (1) to form fireproof structure model two;Aerogel plate (2) is connected through several aerogel blocks (6) and the panel of T-shaped reinforced plate (1) to form fireproof structure model three.

2. A test device based on the aero-gel fireproof structure for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes heating furnace (3-1), test model (3-15) and model fixing structure, model fixing structure is set outside heating furnace (3-1) to fix test model (3-15) on the mouth of heating furnace (3-1);Test model (3-15) includes test model one, test model two and test model three, test model one and fireproof structure model one are the same structure, test model two and fireproof structure model two are the same structure, test model three and fireproof structure model three are the same structure; Model fixing structure includes frame (3-2), several springs (3-7), square box (3-8) and hand iron clamp (3-13), frame (3-2) is set around heating furnace (3-1);Square box (3-8) is set at the mouth of heating furnace (3-1) and is slidably arranged on frame (3-2);Square box (3-8) is connected with frame (3-2) through several springs (3-7), and test model (3-15) is pressed tightly at the mouth through square box (3-8);Square box (3-8) is detachably provided with hand iron clamp (3-13).

3. The test device of claim 2, wherein: The edge of the test model (3-15) is provided with several aerogel surrounding plates (5);The aerogel surrounding plate (5) in the test model one is arranged between the panel of the T-shaped reinforced plate (1) and the aerogel plate (2);The aerogel surrounding plate (5) in the test model two is arranged on the reinforced side of the T-shaped reinforced plate (1);The aerogel surrounding plate (5) in the test model three is arranged between the reinforced side and the panel of the T-shaped reinforced plate (1) and the aerogel plate (2).

4. The test device of claim 2, wherein: The square box (3-8) and the test model (3-15) are provided with aerogel strips (3-14);Frame (3-2) is provided with two horizontal supports (3-10), two horizontal supports (3-10) are arranged above and below the mouth respectively, the lower surface of the horizontal support (3-10) above the mouth is provided with a mouth aerogel pad (3-16), and the upper surface of the horizontal support (3-10) below the mouth is provided with a bottom aerogel pad (3-11).

5. The test device of claim 2, wherein: Two vertical supports (3-5) are movably arranged on the frame (3-2), and the square box (3-8) is connected with the vertical supports (3-5) through the springs (3-7).

6. The test device of claim 2, wherein: The frame (3-2) is provided with several threaded angle codes (3-3), the threaded angle codes (3-3) are provided with bolts, and the frame (3-2) is fixed outside the heating furnace (3-1) through the threaded angle codes (3-3) and the bolts.

7. A fire rating design method using the test apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized by: It includes the following steps: Step one, according to the fireproof structure model, the test model (3-15) of the reduced scale size is made;T-shaped reinforced plate (1), aerogel plate (2) and aerogel surrounding plate (5) are bonded and fixed by using inorganic high temperature glue, and are solidified; Step two, start the heating furnace (3-1), adjust the furnace temperature and heat to the preset temperature, constant temperature for 3h; through the model fixed structure respectively single block aerogel plate (2) and test model (3-15) are fixed in the heating furnace (3-1) furnace mouth, two respectively for thermal insulation test; through the thermocouple on the two fire surface temperature collection, through the thermal imager on the two backfire surface temperature collection, get thermocouple temperature-time value and different time of thermal imager temperature cloud picture; Step three, according to the test model (3-15) to establish simulation model (4) for numerical simulation; set temperature input board (4-1) to simulate the heating furnace (3-1) furnace mouth; the temperature collected by thermocouple is applied to the temperature input board (4-1), the temperature-time value is applied to the other nodes of the temperature input board (4-1) by using space interpolation and time interpolation; the aerogel insulation parameters are checked by the single block aerogel plate (2) thermal insulation test; after calculation, the temperature value of the backfire surface is extracted, the highest temperature-time curve and the average temperature-time curve are obtained, which are compared with the test value to check the reliability of the numerical simulation model; Step four, according to the fireproof structure model, establish the full size fireproof structure simulation model, the full size fireproof structure simulation model and simulation model (4) structure is same; the temperature on the full size fireproof structure simulation model is input according to the standard temperature rise curve; Adjust the thickness of aerogel and air gap parameters in the full size fireproof structure simulation model, respectively calculate the highest temperature rise and average temperature rise time curve of the backfire surface of the model, according to the requirement of SOLAS specification, determine the model parameters that meet different fireproof grades.

8. The fire rating design method of claim 7, wherein: The test temperature range in the heating furnace (3-1) in step two is 300-900℃.

9. The fire rating design method of claim 7, wherein: The temperature measuring points of the thermocouple in step two are set at the four corners of the heating furnace (3-1) furnace mouth, the midpoint of the furnace mouth edge and the center of the furnace mouth.

10. The fire rating design method of claim 7, wherein: The standard temperature rise curve formula in the step four is .

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