Distributed sewage purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly discloses a distributed sewage purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system which comprises a sewage treatment module, a solar heat collection power generation device, a gas recovery module, a filtering module, a seawater evaporation module and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the gas recovery module is connected to the upper part of the filtering module; a sewage inlet of the filtering module is communicated with the sewage treatment module and is used for purifying sewage; the seawater evaporation module is arranged at the periphery of the filtering module and is configured to absorb sewage heat of the filtering module through heat conduction so as to evaporate and desalinate seawater; the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is communicated with a purified water outlet of the filtering module, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used for receiving purified water and completing electric energy output; the system solves the core problems of multi-system function splitting, low resource utilization rate and redundant energy consumption in the traditional technical field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment technology, specifically to a distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system. Background Technology

[0002] In remote areas such as islands and border regions, or other distributed water and energy consumption scenarios, the needs of sewage treatment, fuel cell operation, and water supply are interconnected but the technologies are fragmented. Existing technologies cannot simultaneously solve core problems such as low resource recycling rate, high system energy consumption, and poor equipment integration. There is an urgent need for a multi-module collaborative integration technology solution to meet the energy and water self-sufficiency needs in distributed scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system. By constructing a cross-system collaborative closed loop of "material-energy-resource", it solves the core pain points of multi-system functional fragmentation, low resource utilization and energy redundancy in the traditional technology field.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A distributed wastewater treatment-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system includes a wastewater treatment module, a solar thermal power generation device, a gas recovery module, a filtration module, a seawater evaporation module, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0005] The solar thermal power generation device is arranged outside the sewage treatment module, and the solar thermal power generation device is used at least to concentrate sunlight and provide light energy for the operation of the sewage treatment module.

[0006] The gas recovery module is connected to the upper part of the filter module and is used to recover the gas generated by the wastewater treatment module during the wastewater purification process.

[0007] The wastewater inlet of the filtration module is connected to the wastewater treatment module for purifying wastewater.

[0008] The seawater evaporation module is located around the filter module and is configured to absorb the heat from the wastewater in the filter module through heat conduction to evaporate and desalinate the seawater.

[0009] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the purified water outlet of the filtration module. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used to receive purified water and output electrical energy.

[0010] In the distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the seawater evaporation module abuts against the filtration module.

[0011] In a distributed wastewater treatment-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the wastewater treatment module includes a wastewater flow channel, a photothermal catalytic phase change material layer, and a glass sleeve.

[0012] The photothermal catalytic phase change material layer is located between the sewage channel and the glass sleeve.

[0013] The photothermal catalytic phase change material layer covers the outer periphery of the sewage channel.

[0014] The sidewall of the sewage channel is provided with holes so that the sewage in the sewage channel can come into contact with the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of the distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by this disclosure, the solar thermal power generation device includes a solar thermal collector and a solar cell.

[0016] In the distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the seawater evaporation module is arranged in a ring shape, and the seawater evaporation module has a porous evaporation medium inside.

[0017] In the distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the porous evaporation medium is a modified ceramic membrane or a graphene-based composite evaporation material.

[0018] In the distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes a cathode catalyst layer, a cathode diffusion layer, a proton exchange membrane, an anode diffusion layer, an anode catalyst layer, an upper current collector, and a lower current collector.

[0019] The cathode catalytic layer, cathode diffusion layer, proton exchange membrane, anode diffusion layer, and anode catalytic layer are stacked sequentially from top to bottom.

[0020] The upper current collector has an air flow channel, the upper current collector is fixedly disposed above the cathode catalyst layer, and a cooling flow channel is provided between the upper current collector and the cathode catalyst layer, the cooling flow channel being connected to the purified water outlet of the filter module.

[0021] The lower current collector is fixedly disposed below the anode catalyst layer, and a fuel flow channel is provided between the lower current collector and the anode catalyst layer.

[0022] In the distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the solar collector is arranged in an arc shape, and the inner arc surface of the solar collector faces the wastewater flow channel.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By integrating the cooling function of the seawater evaporation module with photovoltaic energy supply, wastewater purification, and fuel cell operation, a functional module integrating photothermal management and wastewater degradation was constructed. The solar collector concentrates sunlight, which, after reflection, is transferred through a glass sleeve to the photothermal catalytic phase change material, where it reacts with the wastewater in the wastewater flow channel. The high-temperature environment provided by the reflected heat from the collector provides the necessary thermal conditions for the degradation of organic pollutants in the wastewater, achieving efficient wastewater purification.

[0024] 2. By relying on the wastewater degradation process to achieve resource recycling, the gas generated from wastewater degradation can be reprocessed and reused in the gas recovery module, while the purified water can replenish the proton exchange membrane. Compared with the traditional fuel cell's reliance on external hydrogen storage devices and independent humidification systems, and the direct discharge of wastewater treatment products, this significantly reduces the battery's dependence on external resources. At the same time, it alleviates the "flooding" and "dry membrane" problems that are prone to occur in traditional water management, improves the battery's operational stability and resource recycling rate, and expands the application scenarios of seawater.

[0025] 3. A multi-module collaborative integrated system for wastewater purification, waste heat utilization, and fuel cell hydrothermal fluid was constructed. Through coupling technology, each stage is connected, achieving synergistic optimization of pollutant treatment, resource recycling, and seawater desalination. The seawater evaporation module both cools the wastewater and produces freshwater, further improving the system's resource output efficiency. Compared to the traditional decentralized model where each system's function is fragmented, the overall system energy consumption is reduced, while wastewater discharge and energy waste are decreased. Equipment operating costs are low, and this system provides an efficient technological path, particularly for applications in resource-rich but energy-scarce areas such as islands. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the wastewater treatment module and the solar thermal power generation device.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the wastewater treatment module.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0031] In the picture: 10. Wastewater treatment module; 11. Wastewater flow channel; 12. Photothermal catalytic phase change material layer; 13. Glass sleeve; 14. Hole body; 20. Solar thermal power generation device; 21. Solar thermal collector panel; 22. Solar panel; 23. Support frame; 30. Gas recovery module; 40. Filtering module; 50. Seawater evaporation module; 60. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; 61. Cathode catalyst layer; 62. Cathode diffusion layer; 63. Proton exchange membrane; 64. Anode diffusion layer; 65. Anode catalyst layer; 66. Upper current collector; 661. Air flow channel; 662. Cooling flow channel; 67. Lower current collector; 671. Fuel flow channel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments.

[0033] Example like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a distributed wastewater treatment-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system, including a wastewater treatment module 10, a solar thermal power generation device 20, a gas recovery module 30, a filtration module 40, a seawater evaporation module 50, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 60.

[0034] Specifically, the solar thermal power generation device 20 is installed outside the sewage treatment module 10. The solar thermal power generation device 20 is used to gather sunlight and provide light energy for the operation of the sewage treatment module 10.

[0035] Specifically, the wastewater inlet of the filter module 40 is connected to the wastewater treatment module 10, and the filter module 40 is used to purify the wastewater.

[0036] Specifically, the gas recovery module 30 is connected to the upper part of the filter module 40, and the gas recovery module 30 is used to recover the gas generated by the sewage treatment module 10 during the sewage purification process.

[0037] The filter module 40 uses a cylindrical 316L stainless steel shell. This material has high thermal conductivity, meets the required heat transfer efficiency, and contains molybdenum (Mo) to withstand long-term corrosion from sewage and seawater. It is also cost-effective and lightweight, meeting the weight reduction target. The filter module 40 uses at least three layers of filter membranes, employing a modular design of "pretreatment layer + core membrane separation layer + deep purification layer" to ensure that the water filtered by the module is sufficiently clean, meeting the stringent water quality requirements for proton exchange membrane makeup water.

[0038] Specifically, the seawater evaporation module 50 is disposed around the filter module 40 and abuts against the filter module 40. The seawater evaporation module 50 is configured to absorb heat from the wastewater in the filter module 40 through heat conduction to evaporate and desalinate the seawater.

[0039] Specifically, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 60 is connected to the purified water outlet of the filtration module 40, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 60 is used to receive purified water and complete the output of electrical energy.

[0040] The structure of the wastewater treatment module 10 will be further disclosed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the wastewater treatment module 10 includes a wastewater flow channel 11, a photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12, and a glass sleeve 13.

[0042] Specifically, the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12 is located between the sewage channel 11 and the glass sleeve 13; the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12 covers the outer periphery of the sewage channel 11.

[0043] Specifically, the sidewall of the sewage channel 11 is provided with a hole 14 so that the sewage in the sewage channel 11 can come into contact with the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12.

[0044] The wastewater flow channel is made of thin titanium alloy plate with titanium nitride coating. The glass sleeve 13 ensures efficient transmission of sunlight to the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12, providing the necessary lighting conditions for the photothermal catalytic reaction.

[0045] The passivation film on the surface of the titanium alloy sheet can enhance the resistance to chloride ion and organic acid corrosion. The titanium nitride coating not only optimizes heat transfer performance but also improves the catalytic reaction environment, thereby increasing wastewater degradation and gas production efficiency. By setting the pores 14, efficient heat conduction and full contact between wastewater and catalytic particles are achieved. At the same time, the titanium nitride coating has extremely high hardness, which can resist the erosion and wear of silt and suspended particles in wastewater, ensure the stability of the pore structure function, avoid system operating parameter drift, and adapt to long-term operation requirements.

[0046] The structure of the solar thermal power generation device 20 will be further disclosed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the solar thermal power generation device 20 includes a solar collector panel 21 and a solar panel 22. By configuring the solar panel 22, photovoltaic power generation can be utilized while collecting heat.

[0048] The solar collector panel 21 is arc-shaped, and a support 23 is provided in the middle of the solar collector panel 21. One end of the support 23 is fixedly connected to the solar collector panel 21, and the other end of the support 23 is fixedly connected to the glass sleeve 13. Because the solar collector panel 21 adopts an arc-shaped design, and the inner arc surface of the solar collector panel 21 faces the sewage treatment module 10, the portion of the light reflected by it can have a converging effect, which is beneficial for providing light energy to the sewage treatment module 10.

[0049] The solar collector panel 21 and the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12 work synergistically. The photothermal catalytic phase change material layer 12 absorbs the heat reflected by the solar collector panel 21 and reacts with the wastewater to degrade harmful substances in the wastewater. Furthermore, solar panels 22 are embedded on the solar collector panel 21 to improve energy utilization efficiency. The solar collector panel 21, in conjunction with the surface-mounted solar panels 22, achieves efficient conversion of light energy. The purified water and generated gas flow to the post-treatment section of the purified water. Some gases, such as hydrogen and methane, flow upwards into the gas recovery module 30 for easy recovery, separation, and utilization, further converting waste into energy. The wastewater flows downwards and is filtered by the filtration module 40. During filtration, most of the waste heat in the water is absorbed by the seawater evaporation module 50 outside the filtration module 40, completing the cooling of the wastewater. The produced clean freshwater is used for local residents' domestic and irrigation needs, helping remote areas such as islands achieve water self-sufficiency.

[0050] The gas recovery module 30 adopts pretreatment to remove impurities, avoiding clogging or poisoning of subsequent separation components. Then, the core separation (membrane / PSA) and purification are carried out in a modular design. By utilizing the differences in the permeation rate of different gas molecules in the membrane material or the different adsorption capacities of the adsorbent, the precise separation of target energy gases such as hydrogen and methane from other impurity gases is achieved, which meets the requirements of fuel supply for fuel cells or other resource utilization, and maximizes the recovery value of energy gases in wastewater.

[0051] The structure of the seawater evaporation module 50 will be further disclosed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the seawater evaporation module 50 is arranged in a ring shape, and the interior of the seawater evaporation module 50 has a porous evaporation medium (not shown).

[0053] Since the seawater evaporation module 50 is arranged around the filter module 40, it contains a porous evaporation medium with a high specific surface area and excellent hydrophilicity, which can quickly adsorb and evenly distribute seawater. The seawater evaporation module 50 is in direct contact with the outer wall of the filter module 40, absorbing heat from the wastewater inside the filter module 40 through thermal conduction. On the one hand, this cools the wastewater, creating suitable temperature conditions for the subsequent fuel cell cooling channel water supply; on the other hand, it uses the absorbed heat to drive seawater evaporation, and through the capillary action and latent heat of vaporization of the porous evaporation medium, converts seawater into freshwater, realizing the utilization of seawater resources. This design not only fulfills the core function of wastewater cooling but also expands the water resource production pathways, improving the overall resource recycling efficiency of the system. For example, the porous evaporation medium is a modified ceramic membrane or a graphene-based composite evaporation material.

[0054] The structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 60 will be further disclosed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 60 includes a cathode catalyst layer 61, a cathode diffusion layer 62, a proton exchange membrane 63, an anode diffusion layer 64, an anode catalyst layer 65, an upper current collector 66, and a lower current collector 67.

[0056] The cathode catalytic layer 61, cathode diffusion layer 62, proton exchange membrane 63, anode diffusion layer 64, and anode catalytic layer 65 are stacked sequentially from top to bottom.

[0057] The upper current collector 66 has an air flow channel 661. The upper current collector 66 is fixedly disposed above the cathode catalyst layer 61, and a cooling flow channel 662 is provided between the upper current collector 66 and the cathode catalyst layer 61. The cooling flow channel 662 is connected to the purified water outlet of the filter module 40. The lower current collector 67 is fixedly disposed below the anode catalyst layer 65, and a fuel flow channel 671 is provided between the lower current collector 67 and the anode catalyst layer 65.

[0058] The cooled water inside the filter module 40 flows to the trapezoidal cooling channel 662 of the cathode. The trapezoidal structure design increases the heat exchange area and prevents thermal runaway caused by excessive battery temperature through heat exchange. At the same time, a small portion of the purified water flows downward under the action of gravity and capillary action to replenish the proton exchange membrane, ensuring the normal operation of the proton exchange membrane battery. No additional humidification device or cooling water source is required, which helps to reduce operating costs and improve the energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits of the system.

[0059] Furthermore, the cathode / anode plates of the fuel cell use graphite bipolar plates with a nickel / gold coating on the surface. Their excellent conductivity and high acid resistance make them suitable for the acidic working environment of the battery, and the surface metal coating can reduce contact resistance and improve current conduction efficiency.

[0060] Furthermore, the cathode catalyst layer 61 uses a Pt / C catalyst, and the anode catalyst layer 65 uses a Pt-Ru / C catalyst. Both the anode diffusion layer 64 and the cathode diffusion layer 62 are made of carbon paper woven from polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers, enabling simultaneous fuel / air transport, current conduction, and moisture removal. The hydrophobic modification prevents water accumulation and channel blockage within the diffusion layer. The proton exchange membrane 63 uses a perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, possessing excellent proton conductivity and chemical stability. It can withstand the acidic operating environment and operating temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Simultaneously, its dense membrane structure effectively blocks hydrogen crosstalk between the anode and oxygen crosstalk between the cathode, ensuring the safety of the battery reaction.

[0061] Furthermore, the cooling channel 662 material uses polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pipe, which has the properties of being resistant to strong acids, high and low temperatures, and seawater corrosion. It can be in contact with clean water and battery cooling environment for a long time without leaching substances that pollute the clean water.

[0062] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, the scope of protection of this invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be conceived without inventive effort should be covered within the scope of protection of this invention. Unless expressly stated otherwise, no element, action or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or necessary.

Claims

1. A distributed sewage purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system, characterized in that, include: Wastewater treatment module, solar thermal power generation device, gas recovery module, filtration module, seawater evaporation module, and proton exchange membrane fuel cell; The solar thermal power generation device is arranged outside the sewage treatment module, and the solar thermal power generation device is used at least to concentrate sunlight and provide light energy for the operation of the sewage treatment module. The gas recovery module is connected to the upper part of the filter module and is used to recover the gas generated by the wastewater treatment module during the wastewater purification process. The wastewater inlet of the filtration module is connected to the wastewater treatment module for purifying wastewater. The seawater evaporation module is located around the filter module and is configured to absorb the heat from the wastewater in the filter module through heat conduction to evaporate and desalinate the seawater. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the purified water outlet of the filtration module. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used to receive purified water and output electrical energy.

2. The distributed wastewater treatment-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system according to claim 1, wherein The seawater evaporation module abuts against the filtration module.

3. The distributed wastewater treatment-cogeneration-fuel cell integrated system according to claim 1, wherein The wastewater treatment module includes a wastewater flow channel, a photothermal catalytic phase change material layer, and a glass sleeve. The photothermal catalytic phase change material layer is located between the sewage channel and the glass sleeve; The photothermal catalytic phase change material layer is coated on the outer periphery of the sewage channel; The sidewall of the sewage channel is provided with holes so that the sewage in the sewage channel can come into contact with the photothermal catalytic phase change material layer.

4. The distributed wastewater treatment-cogeneration-fuel cell integrated system of claim 1, wherein The solar thermal power generation device includes a solar collector panel and a solar panel.

5. The distributed wastewater treatment-cogeneration-fuel cell integrated system of claim 2, wherein The seawater evaporation module is arranged in a ring shape, and the interior of the seawater evaporation module has a porous evaporation medium.

6. The distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The porous evaporation medium is a modified ceramic membrane or a graphene-based composite evaporation material.

7. The distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes a cathode catalyst layer, a cathode diffusion layer, a proton exchange membrane, an anode diffusion layer, an anode catalyst layer, an upper current collector, and a lower current collector. The cathode catalytic layer, cathode diffusion layer, proton exchange membrane, anode diffusion layer, and anode catalytic layer are stacked sequentially from top to bottom; The upper current collector has an air flow channel, the upper current collector is fixedly disposed above the cathode catalyst layer, and a cooling flow channel is provided between the upper current collector and the cathode catalyst layer, the cooling flow channel being connected to the purified water outlet of the filter module; The lower current collector is fixedly disposed below the anode catalyst layer, and a fuel flow channel is provided between the lower current collector and the anode catalyst layer.

8. The distributed wastewater purification-waste heat utilization-fuel cell integrated system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The solar collector is arranged in an arc shape, with the inner arc surface of the solar collector facing the sewage channel.

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